1-pre-colonial Period 122x5

21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD

LESSON OBJECTIVES: 1. identify the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history from precolonial to the contemporary (EN12Lit-Ia-21)

BABOY KO SA PULO, ANG BALAHIBO’Y PAKO. Sagot: LANGKA

ISANG BUTIL NG PALAY, SAKOP ANG BUONG BAHAY. Sagot: ILAW

SA ARAW AY BUNGBONG, SA GABI AY DAHON. Sagot: BANIG

HETO NA ANG MAGKAPATID, NAG-UUNAHANG PUMANHIK. Sagot: Mga paa

KAY LAPIT-LAPIT NA SA MATA, DI MO PA RIN MAKITA. Sagot: TENGA

MUNTING TAMPIPI, PUNO NG SALAPI. Sagot: SILI

SA MALING KALABIT, MAY BUHAY NA KAPALIT. Sagot: BARIL

BUMILI AKO NG ALIPIN, MATAAS PA SA AKIN. Sagot: SUMBRERO

ISA ANG PASUKAN, TATLO ANG LABASAN. Sagot: KAMISETA

KUNG KAILAN MO PINATAY, SAKA PA HUMABA ANG BUHAY. Sagot: KANDILA\

MALAMBOT NA PARANG ULAP, KASAMA KO SA PANGARAP. Sagot: UNAN

NAGBIBIHIS ARAW-ARAW, NAG-IIBA NG PANGALAN. Sagot: KALENDARYO

ISANG BUTIL NG PALAY, SAKOP ANG BUONG BAHAY. Sagot: BUMBILYA

ANG ULO’Y NALALAGA, ANG KATAWA’Y PAGALA-GALA. Sagot: SANDOK

HINILA KO ANG TADYANG, LUMAPAD ANG TIYAN. Sagot: PAYONG

NAKAKALUTO’Y WALANG INIT, UMUUSOK KAHIT NA MALAMIG. Sagot: YELO

ANALYZE EACH STATEMENTS BELOW AND EXPRESS WHETHER YOU AGREE OR NOT. (YES OR NO) • Ancient settlers in the islands of the Philippines had their own form of literature even before the coming of the Spaniards. • Ancient Philippine literature was generally in oral tradition. • Most of the ancient literary forms were in oral tradition since there was no system of writing that existed during the precolonial period. • Literature contains historical and cultural pieces of information that were used to reveal the way of life of our forebears.

PRE - COLONIAL The early literary forms of the Philippines were songs, epics, myths, folktales, legends, riddles and proverbs which were told and retold by the natives.

PRE-COLONIAL • The literature of the pre – colonial bore the marks of the community.

Filipinos

• Most of these primitive forms of the literature revealed our ancestor’s way of life, belief system, traditions, norms, and mores. • Legends and myths provided temporary answers to man’s curiosity as to the existence of things around him. • These were also taught not just for amusement but also to teach positive behaviour among the young.

PRE-COLONIAL • Literature during such period was ed through the word of the mouth or the oral tradition. • In a community, the elders or the parents served as the teachers of a certain ethnic group’s literature.

BELOW ARE SOME IMPORTANT MOTIFS AND FEATURES OF PRECOLONIAL LITERATURE: • The beginning of life and of earth • s about great people or supernatural heroes • The inclusion of gods and goddesses • The inclusion of mythical creatures like duwende, aswang, tikbalang and the like. • Themes on morality; good and bad practices in life • Daily encounters and activities in life

• Other Forms of Pre-colonial Literature: Short lyrics, wise sayings, verses for rituals, chants, riddles

Filipinos managed to preserved laws, legends, songs and epics by inscribing them on barks of trees, palm leaves and bamboos. Some of the literary forms have managed to survived war and tropical disasters because they retained in the common minds and were later reduced to permanent forms.

LITERARY FORMS RIDDLE (bugtong) EPIGRAMS (KASABIHAN) / PROVERBS SALAWIKAIN & SAWIKAIN ) SAYINGS BULONG MYTHS EPICS/TALES FOLKSONGS

Made up of one or more measured lines with rhymes and may consist of 4 to 12 syllables Showcase the Filipino wit, literary talent, and keen observation of the surroundings Involves reference to one or two images that symbolize the characteristics of an unknown object that is to be guessed

• To entertain. Living in remote areas, before the advent

of electricity, families would sit around the fire and the elders would quiz the younger generation with riddles. • To educate. Riddles serve the function of ing down

knowledge from one generation to the next. They require thinking in order to solve them. • To titillate. Many old Filipino riddles contain double

entendres that were intended to amuse the men and shock the women. • To curse, without expressly cursing. A riddle could

be made up against an enemy, rival town, or suitor. • To preserve the culture. Riddles communicate the old ways from one generation to the next.

ATE MO, ATE KO, ATE NG LAHAT NG TAO.(MY SISTER, YOUR SISTER, EVERYONE'S SISTER)

ATIS (SUGAR APPLE)

Proverbs Short poems that have been customarily been used and served as laws or rules on good behavior by our ancestors Allegories or parables that impart lessons for the young Often expressing a single idea, and had a witty ending

EX OF SALAWIKAIN ANG MATAPAT NA KAIBIGAN, TUNAY NA MAAASAHAN. - - -YOU WILL KNOW A TRUE FRIEND IN TIME OF NEED.

KUNG ANO ANG PUNO, SIYA ANG BUNGA. WHATEVER THE TREE, SO WILL ITS FRUIT BE.

KUNG MAY TINANIM, MAY AANIHIN. IF YOU PLANTED SOMETHING, YOU’LL HARVEST SOMETHING. AANHIN PA ANG DAMO, KUNG PATAY NA ANG KABAYO. WHAT GOOD IS THE GRASS IF THE HORSE IS ALREADY DEAD.

SAWIKAIN (IDIOMATIC EXPRESSION) Mababaw ang luha “tears are shallow” = someone who easily cries kumukulo ang dugo "blood is boiling" = is veryangry isulat sa tubig "write on water" = forget about it

Used in witchcraft or enchantments Hele hele Bago kyeme

HALIMBAWA (FOR EXAMPLE): Tabi, tabi po, Ingkong Makikiraan po lamang.

Bulong ng mga Bagobo ng Mindanao "Nagnakaw ka ng bigas ko, Umulwa sana mata mo, mamaga ang katawan mo, patayin ka ng mga anito"

Bulong sa Ilocos "Huwag magalit, kaibigan, aming pinuputol lamang ang sa amiy napagutusan"

Bulong sa Bicol "Dagang malaki, dagang maliit, ayto ang ngipin kong sira na't pangit. sana ay bigyan mo ng kapalit"

USED IN TEASING OR TO COMMENT ON A PERSONS’ ACUTATIONS “Catitibay ca tolos

Sacaling datnang agos Aco’ I momonting lomot Sa iyo’ I popolopot” Nag-almusal mag-isa Kaning lamig, tinapa; Nahulog ang kutsara Ikaw na sana, sinta

• May tainga ang lupa may pakpak ang balita ---------- Mag-ingat sa lahat ng bibitawang salita dahil maraming mga nakikinig at nagbabalita ng tsismis sa kung saan saan lang. • Pagkahaba-haba man ng prusisyon sa simbahan din ng tuloy -------Kahit anong unos pa ang danasin ng mga magkasintahan kapag itutulot ng Diyos , sa kasalan din mauuwi ang matagal na samahan • Kung ano ang itinanim, siya ring aanihin ---------- Kung gumawa ka ng kabutihan ay gagawan ka rin ng kabutihan ng iyong kapwa ganundin kapag masama ang iyong ginawa sa kapwa.

A QUATRAIN WITH SEVEN SYLLABLES EACH WITH THE SAME RHYME AT THE END OF EACH LINE No title 7-7-7-7 AABB Ex. “Tahak ng tingin, tulak ng sulyap, yakap, lapat ng titig sa balikat. hatak pa, kindat, hakat”

Traditional poetry of the Hanunoo Mangyans of Oriental Mindoro which is normally inscribed on bamboo using a pre-Colonial syllabic writing system called the Surat Mangyan . seven-syllable metric lines can be composed of more than four lines usually chanted teaches lessons about life recited by parents to educate their children, by the youth to express their love, by the old to impart experiences, or by the community in tribal ceremonies

ON SOME OCCASIONS LIKE BURIAL RITES, THE AMBAHAN IS USED FOR ENTERTAINMENT Sugot nga maaw kunman Tangdayan no ma-amban Sabungan no manuywan Impad las yami daywan Hanggan buhok timbangan Hanggan sa balod pangdan Bugkat di way yamungan Bilang dayi bunlagan No kang tinaginduman Kang magpahalimbaw-an Ga bugtong ti bilugan

(Isn't this the truth with all: If the wife is good and kind, the husband reasonable, you have always friends around, like long hair drooping so nice. Till the final burial mount, you'll be sleeping on one mat. You don't want to separate Putting down my thoughts like this: An example very clear, being TWO, you're only ONE.)

DERIVED FROM PHILIPPINE FOLK LITERATURE, WHICH IS THE TRADITIONAL ORAL LITERATURE OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE. THIS REFERS TO A WIDE RANGE OF MATERIAL DUE TO THE ETHNIC MIX OF THE PHILIPPINES THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT CREATION MYTHS IN PHILIPPINE MYTHOLOGY, ORIGINATING FROM VARIOUS ETHNIC GROUPS. Story of Bathala Visayan version The legend of Maria Makiling

PRESENCE OF DIFFERENT DEITIES Ex. Bathala Lakambakod

Mythical creatures Aswang Dila Diwata Dwende Tikbalang Mankukulam

Ifugao – Hudhud hiAliguyon Ilocos – Biagni Lam-ang Bicol - Ibalon Mindanao – Darangan Panay – Hinilawod Bagobo - Tuwaang Kalinga – Ulaliim Manobo – Agyu or Olahing Subanon - Sandayo

ALIGU YON •

the exploits of Aliguyon as he battles his arch-enemy, Pambukhayon

Biagni Lam-Ang tells of the adventuresvof Lam-Ang who exhibits extraordinary powers at a very early age.

Ibalon the story of three Bicol heroes: Baltog, Handiong, Bantiong

Hinilawod oldest and longest epic poem in Panay the exploits of three Sulodnon demigod • brothers, LabawDonggon, Humadapnon and Dumalapdap of ancient Panay

IBALON FESTIVAL

Hinilawod

a form of folk lyric which expresses the people’s hopes, aspirations, and lifestyles repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naive traditional songs and melodies inspired by the reaction of the people to their environment

uyayi – lullaby komintang – war song kundiman – melancholiclove song harana – serenade tagay – drinking song mambayu – Kalinga rice-pounding song subli – dance-ritual song of courtship /marriage Tagulaylay- songs of the dead