Noviyanti Syahri, S.S.
DIRECT - INDIRECT SPEECH
Definition: Quotation from what someone says.
Kinds: 1. Statement 2. Imperative Sentence 3. Prohibition 4. Question
Introductory Sentence
Direct Statement
Indirect Statement
Present
Any Tenses
Any Tenses
Past
Simple Present
Simple Past
Past
Present Continuous
Past Continuous
Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past
Present Perfect Cont.
Past Perfect Cont.
Past
Simple Past
Past Perfect
Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect Cont.
Past
Past Perfect
-
Past
Past Perfect Cont.
-
Past
Present Future
Past Future
Past
Future Continuous
Past Fut. Cont.
Past
Future Perfect
Past Fut. Perfect
Past
Future Perfect Cont.
Past Fut. Perfect Cont.
Past
Past Future
Past Future Perfect
Past
Past Fut. Cont.
Past Fut. Perfect Cont.
Past
Past Fut. Perfect
-
Past
Past Fut. Perfect Cont.
-
STATEMENT 1. Molly says, “My mother cooks rice everyday.” Molly says that her mother cooks rice everyday. 2. Billy says, “My brother broke the glass.” Billy says that his brother broke the glass. * When the introductory sentence is in present tense, then the tense in direct statement is not changed.
3. 4.
*
Monica said, “I know his secret.” Monica said that she knew his secret. Indra told me, “I called you last night.” Indra told me that he had called me the night before. When the introductory sentence is in past tense, then the tense in direct statement is changed, it is usually in past form.
Imperative Sentence 1. Mr. Tommy asks the students, “Open page 22 now!” Mr. Tommy asks the students to open page 22 then. 2. Miss Uni told us, “Read the article then retell it to me!” Miss Uni told us to read the article then retell it to her. *
In Imperative Sentence, the tense in direct statement is not changed, even the introductory sentence is in present or past form.
Prohibition 1. My mother commands my brother, “Don’t eat lots of candy!” My mother commands my brother not to eat lots of candy. 2. Danny ordered to them, “Don’t be noisy!” Danny ordered to them not to be noisy. *
In Prohibition, the tense in direct statement is not changed, even the introductory sentence is in present or past form.
Question 1. Rio says, “Do you come here?” Rio says if I come there. 2. Galang said, “Where do you live?” Galang said where I lived. • In Yes/No Question, use if or whether. • In WH Question, use WH.
Adverbs Time
Direct Statement
Indirect Statement
Now
Then
Yesterday
The day before/the previous day
Next
The … after/the following …
Tomorrow
The next day/the following day
… ago
… before
Today
That day
Last
The … before/the previous …
Place
Here
There
Other
This
That
These
Those
Do what you can do today, don’t wait ‘till tomorrow.. ^_^