56 Mediastinum 3z4p1v

Mediastinum: It is the partition between the two pleural cavities and lungs. It includes a large number of structures It is subdivided into: -Superior mediastinum -Inferior mediustinum : anterior, middle and posterior Superior mediastinum: Esophagus Trachea Arch of Aorta Big branches of Aortic arch Brachiocephalic ( innominate) veins Upper half os superior vena cava Phrenic nerves Vagi nerves Middle mediastinum: Pericardium Heart Pulmonary trunk Ascending Aorta Lower half of SVC Upper part of IVC Bifurcation of trachea Posterior mediastinum: Esophagus Descending thoracic Aorta Azygos and hemiazygos veins vagi

Sternal angle angle Lower border of T4

Esophagus: -Length -begins -Ends -Site and relations - Blood supply

Esophagus Trachea

Rt Vagus

Trachea: -Length -begins -Ends -Site of trachea and bifurcation) -Relation -Main bronchi . length . width . orientation . divisions

Lt Vagus

Lt common carotid artery Brachicephalic artery

Aorta: 1- Ascending Aorta: Origin, end, branches

2- Arch of aorta: Origin, end, branches

3- descending thoracic Aorta: Origin, end, branches

Paired Post intercostals Subcostal Phrenic Broncheal

Single pericardial mediastinal esophageal

Lt subclavian artery

Brachiocephalic veins:

Azygos and hemiazygos veins:

Comparison between right and left veins: -Begin by union of….. -length -end at …. by forming….. -Tributaries: one of them is internal thoracic vein

-Begin at the abdomen. -end at…… -Tributaries: 1- Posterior intercostal 2- Bronchial 3- Pericardial 4- Esophageal Superior vena cava : 5- Mediastinal -Begin by union of….. At level of….right 1st costal cartilage Lt Internal jugular -length Lt Internal jugular -end at right 3rd costal cartilage by ing the heart -Tributaries: vena azygos at right 2nd costal cartilage Lt Lt subclavian subclavian Lt subclavian

Phrenic nerve

Rt Brachiocephalic.

SVC Vena azygos

Lt Brachiocephalic

Inferior vena cava: -Origin - End

Pulmonary Trunk: -Origin -Divisions -Relations

Mediastinum: It is the partition between the two pleural cavities and lungs. It includes a large number of structures It is subdivided into: -Superior mediastinum -Inferior mediustinum : anterior, middle and posterior Superior mediastinum: Esophagus Trachea Arch of Aorta Big branches of Aortic arch Brachiocephalic veins Upper half of superior vena cava Phrenic nerves Vagi nerves Middle mediastinum: Pericardium Heart Pulmonary trunk Ascending Aorta Lower half of SVC Upper part of IVC Bifurcation of trachea Posterior mediastinum: Esophagus Descending thoracic Aorta Azygos and hemiazygos veins vagi

Sternal angle

Lower border of T4

Esophagus

Descending Thoracic Aorta