A Lecture Fluid Inclusions 1h4xr
This document was ed by and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this report form. Report 3i3n4
Overview 26281t
& View A Lecture Fluid Inclusions as PDF for free.
More details 6y5l6z
- Words: 1,130
- Pages: 24
FLUID INCLUSIONS STUDIES
What is a fluid inclusion ?
Fluid inclusions represent entrapped microgeochemical samples of mineralizing fluids – whose studies can provide important clues to an understanding of their nature and P-V-T-X conditions of mineralisation. Fluid inclusions are minute amount of liquid/gas/dissolved solids entrapped in a crystal during crystallisation. Could be used to establish the environment in which rock/mineral might have formed (Sorby, 1958). Fluid inclusions range in size from 2 to 20 microns with fluid content of 10-9 ml.
What are applications of fluid inclusions ?
Mineral Exploration Understanding the physical and chemical environment of ore deposition Igneous Petrogenesis Evolution of ore bearing fluids providing information onancestary of fluids, its evolutionary pathway through precipitation/dissolution/cooling/boiling/mixing, mechanism of metal transport Information on T, P, density, salinity and composition of fluids. Use as geothermometer and geobarometer To chart pathways of fluid flow-possible to delineate areas where fluid activity is more pronounced Providing information on the nature of volatiles in the mantle (CO 2carbonic magmatism)
What are applications of fluid inclusions ?
Sedimentary Petrography Recognising the nature of provenance of detrital clasts of various sediments Metamorphism Recognising pressure and temperature changes during metamorphism and metasomatism of sediments Gemnology Identifying valuable natural gemstones from the inexpensive synthetic stones Lunar rocks and Meteorites Reconstucting various extraterrestrial processes in the study of lunar and meteoritic samples Site selection for Nuclear Reactors and Repositories Providing valuable evidence on suitability in safety site selection
What are applications of fluid inclusions ?
Geothermal Energy Fluid inclusion measurements of cores during drilling of active geothermal systems which provide data on deep temperature in exploration in geothermal fields Mining Assessing concentrations of high pressure gas inclusions in domal salt deposits to avoid rock blasts/blowouts by natural decrepitation of such fluid inclusions Oil Exploration HC inclusions help in finding migration pathways or even possible reservoir rocks Paleoclimatology Reconstucting paleotemperature, paleoclimate and paleoconcentrations of CO2 and isotopes of rare gases (He,Ne,Ar,Xe) in atmosphere from the study of dated polar sheets, cave deposits and bedded salt deposits
Which minerals are favourable for fluid inclusion studies ?
Quartz Fluorite Apatite Calcite Halite Dolomite Sphalerite Barite Topaz Cassiterite
FLUID INCLUSION WAFERS [Doubly polished 0.5 - 1mm thick]
What are the various phases in fluid inclusions ?
Gas, Liquid, Solid, Glass Monophase Liquid L=100% Liquid rich two phase L>50% Vapour rich two phase V=50 to 80% Monophase vapour V=100% Multiphase solid L=variable, S<50% Immiscible liquid L 1 , L2 Glass
Gl>50%
What is the classification scheme for fluid inclusion studies ?
Primary (P) inclusions are formed during primary growth of a mineral Secondary (S) inclusions are those incorporated into host mineral after crystal formation Psuedosecondary (PS) inclusions are assumed to develop in a similar way to S-inclusions, the only difference is that fracturing and healing take place before crystal growth has terminated.
What is the instrument used for fluid inclusion studies ?
CHAIXMECA microthermometry heating/freezing stage with a temperature range of -180oC to +600oC Heating- Freezing chamber connected to an electronic console for monitoring temperature. Dewar flask for Liquid Nitrogen for carrying out cryogenic studies. The assembly is fixed on to the microscope stage for direct observation.
Fluids in metamorphism
Role of carbonic fluids in granulite evolution from Southern India (Srikantappa) Carbonic fluids in high P granulites in E Himalaya, Tibet of China (Kun Shen et. Al.) Metamorphic evolution in Bastar Craton (A Dutta et.al)
Information Obtained
Generally, assumed FI are significant in upper parts of Earth crust, but FI of CO2, N2, CH4 in high grade metamorphic rocks, deep seated granites, mantle derived material --- solid solution in silicates, as carbonatites, as disseminated carbonate, graphite and diamond. Granulite xenoliths in basalt and ultramafic nodules (dunite and peridotite) in alkali basalt intrusions Fluid inclusions contain high content of CO 2 To establish relationship between metamorphic zonation and uplift – by relating to content of CO 2 (Using slope of P-T space) Decipher role of CO2 in evolution of earth
Fluids in tectonism
Evolution in Garhwal Himalaya (R Sharma) P-T-X evolution around MCT, Kumaon Himalaya (S.N.Lal)
Early quartz present as mineral inclusions in garnet, host garnet, late quartz in metapelites, granite gneisses and quartz veins
Information Obtained
Evolution of fluids during metamorphism and syn/postthrust migration with imprints of retrogression Fluid inclusion planes (FIP’s) used as structural markers Information used to reconstuct the tectonic evolution of a specific area Used as thermobarometric, structural and tectonic markers
Fluids in mineral exploration
Geothermometry of quartz veins in BHQs in BIF, N Goa (Jadhav et al)
Concordant veins, discordant veins, two generations of hydrothermal phenomenon show ranges of temperature —resulting in secondary enrichment
Fluids in mineral exploration
Variations in C-O-H-N fluid chemistry in Zawar deposits, Rajasthan (Pandalai et al)
Methane production-early in clasts of arkose, later during interaction of a CO2-rich fluid with carbonaceous sediment – led to precipitation of galena and spalerite ores
Fluids in mineral exploration
Involvement of high temperature brine in pre-shearing hydrothermal alteration: evidence from FI in tourmaline in feldspathic schist from Pathargora, STB.
Melt Inclusions
Comendites (Russian workers) Behaviour of Na, F, Li, Zr and REE in melt and their partitioning processes, Composition of magmas
Experimental Fluid Inclusion Studies
High Pressure studies Permitting observations of phase behaviour of inclusions at high temperature and pressure in deg difficult laboratory studies of synthetic systems
What are the case studies in uranium exploration in AMD ?
Ladi-Ka-Bas, Sikar District, Rajasthan Multiphase (L+V+S -Halite) FI 250-350 oC, 34-40 wt% eNaCl, NaCl-KCl-H2O composition
What are the case studies in uranium exploration in AMD ?
Sirsoti, Sonbhadra District, U.P. - Uraniferous migmatite rocks H2O(L) + H2O(V);
H2O (L) +CO2 (L) + CO2 (V)
150oC to 350oC
What are the case studies in uranium exploration in AMD ?
Lambapur, Nalgonda District, A.P. Quartz 100 to 200oC 23 wt% eNaCl Quartzite 150 to 250oC 5 to 23 wt% eNaCl Granite 150 to 300oC 22 wt% eNaCl Dulapali, Raigarh District, Chattisgarh Altered uraniferous breccias 200 to 335oC, 18wt%eNaCl, NaCl rich, KCl rich Garda, Bastar District, Chattisgarh Pegmatites-barren, mineralised (Nb, Cassiterite) High saline 23 wt%eNaCl, 450 to 500 oC, H2O-CaCl2 Low saline 14 wt%eNaCl, 200 to 250 oC, H2O-NaCl-KCl
What kind of equipment required for advanced work ?
Linkam 600 heating and freezing stage linked to a petrographic microscope.
What kind of equipment required for advanced work ?
Raman Laser Ion Microprobe (Non-destructive, high senstivity on small samples, identification of individual phases of multiphase inclusions)
What is a fluid inclusion ?
Fluid inclusions represent entrapped microgeochemical samples of mineralizing fluids – whose studies can provide important clues to an understanding of their nature and P-V-T-X conditions of mineralisation. Fluid inclusions are minute amount of liquid/gas/dissolved solids entrapped in a crystal during crystallisation. Could be used to establish the environment in which rock/mineral might have formed (Sorby, 1958). Fluid inclusions range in size from 2 to 20 microns with fluid content of 10-9 ml.
What are applications of fluid inclusions ?
Mineral Exploration Understanding the physical and chemical environment of ore deposition Igneous Petrogenesis Evolution of ore bearing fluids providing information onancestary of fluids, its evolutionary pathway through precipitation/dissolution/cooling/boiling/mixing, mechanism of metal transport Information on T, P, density, salinity and composition of fluids. Use as geothermometer and geobarometer To chart pathways of fluid flow-possible to delineate areas where fluid activity is more pronounced Providing information on the nature of volatiles in the mantle (CO 2carbonic magmatism)
What are applications of fluid inclusions ?
Sedimentary Petrography Recognising the nature of provenance of detrital clasts of various sediments Metamorphism Recognising pressure and temperature changes during metamorphism and metasomatism of sediments Gemnology Identifying valuable natural gemstones from the inexpensive synthetic stones Lunar rocks and Meteorites Reconstucting various extraterrestrial processes in the study of lunar and meteoritic samples Site selection for Nuclear Reactors and Repositories Providing valuable evidence on suitability in safety site selection
What are applications of fluid inclusions ?
Geothermal Energy Fluid inclusion measurements of cores during drilling of active geothermal systems which provide data on deep temperature in exploration in geothermal fields Mining Assessing concentrations of high pressure gas inclusions in domal salt deposits to avoid rock blasts/blowouts by natural decrepitation of such fluid inclusions Oil Exploration HC inclusions help in finding migration pathways or even possible reservoir rocks Paleoclimatology Reconstucting paleotemperature, paleoclimate and paleoconcentrations of CO2 and isotopes of rare gases (He,Ne,Ar,Xe) in atmosphere from the study of dated polar sheets, cave deposits and bedded salt deposits
Which minerals are favourable for fluid inclusion studies ?
Quartz Fluorite Apatite Calcite Halite Dolomite Sphalerite Barite Topaz Cassiterite
FLUID INCLUSION WAFERS [Doubly polished 0.5 - 1mm thick]
What are the various phases in fluid inclusions ?
Gas, Liquid, Solid, Glass Monophase Liquid L=100% Liquid rich two phase L>50% Vapour rich two phase V=50 to 80% Monophase vapour V=100% Multiphase solid L=variable, S<50% Immiscible liquid L 1 , L2 Glass
Gl>50%
What is the classification scheme for fluid inclusion studies ?
Primary (P) inclusions are formed during primary growth of a mineral Secondary (S) inclusions are those incorporated into host mineral after crystal formation Psuedosecondary (PS) inclusions are assumed to develop in a similar way to S-inclusions, the only difference is that fracturing and healing take place before crystal growth has terminated.
What is the instrument used for fluid inclusion studies ?
CHAIXMECA microthermometry heating/freezing stage with a temperature range of -180oC to +600oC Heating- Freezing chamber connected to an electronic console for monitoring temperature. Dewar flask for Liquid Nitrogen for carrying out cryogenic studies. The assembly is fixed on to the microscope stage for direct observation.
Fluids in metamorphism
Role of carbonic fluids in granulite evolution from Southern India (Srikantappa) Carbonic fluids in high P granulites in E Himalaya, Tibet of China (Kun Shen et. Al.) Metamorphic evolution in Bastar Craton (A Dutta et.al)
Information Obtained
Generally, assumed FI are significant in upper parts of Earth crust, but FI of CO2, N2, CH4 in high grade metamorphic rocks, deep seated granites, mantle derived material --- solid solution in silicates, as carbonatites, as disseminated carbonate, graphite and diamond. Granulite xenoliths in basalt and ultramafic nodules (dunite and peridotite) in alkali basalt intrusions Fluid inclusions contain high content of CO 2 To establish relationship between metamorphic zonation and uplift – by relating to content of CO 2 (Using slope of P-T space) Decipher role of CO2 in evolution of earth
Fluids in tectonism
Evolution in Garhwal Himalaya (R Sharma) P-T-X evolution around MCT, Kumaon Himalaya (S.N.Lal)
Early quartz present as mineral inclusions in garnet, host garnet, late quartz in metapelites, granite gneisses and quartz veins
Information Obtained
Evolution of fluids during metamorphism and syn/postthrust migration with imprints of retrogression Fluid inclusion planes (FIP’s) used as structural markers Information used to reconstuct the tectonic evolution of a specific area Used as thermobarometric, structural and tectonic markers
Fluids in mineral exploration
Geothermometry of quartz veins in BHQs in BIF, N Goa (Jadhav et al)
Concordant veins, discordant veins, two generations of hydrothermal phenomenon show ranges of temperature —resulting in secondary enrichment
Fluids in mineral exploration
Variations in C-O-H-N fluid chemistry in Zawar deposits, Rajasthan (Pandalai et al)
Methane production-early in clasts of arkose, later during interaction of a CO2-rich fluid with carbonaceous sediment – led to precipitation of galena and spalerite ores
Fluids in mineral exploration
Involvement of high temperature brine in pre-shearing hydrothermal alteration: evidence from FI in tourmaline in feldspathic schist from Pathargora, STB.
Melt Inclusions
Comendites (Russian workers) Behaviour of Na, F, Li, Zr and REE in melt and their partitioning processes, Composition of magmas
Experimental Fluid Inclusion Studies
High Pressure studies Permitting observations of phase behaviour of inclusions at high temperature and pressure in deg difficult laboratory studies of synthetic systems
What are the case studies in uranium exploration in AMD ?
Ladi-Ka-Bas, Sikar District, Rajasthan Multiphase (L+V+S -Halite) FI 250-350 oC, 34-40 wt% eNaCl, NaCl-KCl-H2O composition
What are the case studies in uranium exploration in AMD ?
Sirsoti, Sonbhadra District, U.P. - Uraniferous migmatite rocks H2O(L) + H2O(V);
H2O (L) +CO2 (L) + CO2 (V)
150oC to 350oC
What are the case studies in uranium exploration in AMD ?
Lambapur, Nalgonda District, A.P. Quartz 100 to 200oC 23 wt% eNaCl Quartzite 150 to 250oC 5 to 23 wt% eNaCl Granite 150 to 300oC 22 wt% eNaCl Dulapali, Raigarh District, Chattisgarh Altered uraniferous breccias 200 to 335oC, 18wt%eNaCl, NaCl rich, KCl rich Garda, Bastar District, Chattisgarh Pegmatites-barren, mineralised (Nb, Cassiterite) High saline 23 wt%eNaCl, 450 to 500 oC, H2O-CaCl2 Low saline 14 wt%eNaCl, 200 to 250 oC, H2O-NaCl-KCl
What kind of equipment required for advanced work ?
Linkam 600 heating and freezing stage linked to a petrographic microscope.
What kind of equipment required for advanced work ?
Raman Laser Ion Microprobe (Non-destructive, high senstivity on small samples, identification of individual phases of multiphase inclusions)
Related Documents 3h463d
A Lecture Fluid Inclusions 1h4xr
October 2020 0
Fluid Machinery Lecture Notes 4g5h41
December 2019 67
Fluid Mechanics Lecture Notes I 42335q
April 2020 32
Fluid Mechanics Lecture Notes I 42335q
December 2020 0
Advance Fluid Mechanics (makeup Lecture) 242l1n
April 2021 0
Defects Slag Inclusions 47n5x
November 2019 10More Documents from "yogesh" 471q46
Boq - Road Works 1j6036
November 2021 0
A Lecture Fluid Inclusions 1h4xr
October 2020 0
Acko Bike Policy - Dbcr00002440728_00 4e65s
May 2020 3
Voltas-vrf-variable-refrigerant-flow.pdf 5p3c5p
December 2021 0
Applied Theory Of Domestic Violence Sociology Essay 5k2h2z
November 2019 65