Abo Blood Group System g251m
This document was ed by and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this report form. Report 3i3n4
Overview 26281t
& View Abo Blood Group System as PDF for free.
More details 6y5l6z
- Words: 776
- Pages: 26
ABO blood group system Use ABO system, as major example to discuss discovery, inheritance, basic biochemistry of antigens and clinical significance of blood group antibodies.
Overview.
• Genetics • Inheritance. • ABO,Hh,Sese locus.
• Antigens. • Antibodies.
• Clinical Significance. • Subgroups A1 and A2. • Geographic distribution.
ABO Blood Groups. • 1900 Austria Karl Landsteiner • Mendelian inheritance of A, B or O gene. • One from each parent. • A and B genes co-dominant. • O gene amorphic. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1930/landsteiner-bio.html
Phenotype
Genotype
O
OO
A
AA, AO
B
BB, BO
AB
AB
ABO Inheritance. Parents group A and B A A B AB AB B AB BB
A O B AB BO O AO OO
Parents group A and A A A A AA AA A AA AA
A O A AA AO A AA AO
A B AB B AB
O BO BO
A O A AA AO O AO OO
Gene Action Three Loci: FUT1, FUT2, ABO
Genes code for production of specific glycosyltransferases Enzymes transfer immunodominant sugars from donor molecules to preformed oligosaccharide chain thus changing the antigen specificity.
ABO locus • ISBT No: 001. • Symbol: ABO. • Gene name: ABO. • Chromosome: 9 • Gene products: • n-acetyl galactosaminyltransferase. • D-galactosyltransferase • Converts H to A, B antigen. • Sugar donor: UDP.
FUT1 (Hh) locus • ISBT No: 018. • Symbol: H. • Gene name: FUT1. • Chromosome: 19 • H dominant, h amorph. • Gene product: fucosyltransferase. • Converts basic precurso substance to H antigen. • Sugar donor: GDP.
FUT2 (Sese) locus Chromosome 19
•"Secretors" (SeSe or Sese) secrete type 1 precursor substance. •Se dominant, se amorphic. •Encodes a fucosyltransferase expressed in epithelia of secretory tissues. •Production of H antigen in secretions.
Type II Red Cell Surface D-galactose N-acetylglucosamine N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
L-fucose
β-1,4
Type I
β-1,3
Precursor substance
H Antigen L-fucosyltransferase Type I
Type II Red Cell Surface D-galactose N-acetylglucosamine N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
L-fucose
A Antigen N-acetyl galactosaminyltransferase
Red Cell Surface D-galactose N-acetylglucosamine N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
L-fucose
B Antigen
D-galactosyltransferase
Red Cell Surface D-galactose N-acetylglucosamine N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
L-fucose
ABH null phenotype Oh H H h
H H H
H h H
H H h
H h H
Phenotype Genotype
h h h
Genotype Phenotype
No H – no ABO antigens Anti-H, anti-A, anti-B and anti-A,B in serum Transfuse only with blood from Oh donor. 1952, Bhende YM et al
Antibodies Produced 4-6 months after birth.
IgM -“naturally IgG -
occurring” Activate complement and cause severe HTR.
Immune anti-A,B in group O
Can cross placenta and cause mild to moderate Haemolytic Disease of the Foetus and Newborn.
Group O serum anti-A,B. • Higher IgG component. • High titre group O donors.
• antibody reacts clearly at a 1:10 dilution. • not used for plasma products.
• Not simple mixture of anti-A and anti-B.
Group O serum Absorption and elution studies
u
u
Eluate + group A cells
Elution Anti-A,B + group B cells.
Inhibition studies.
Eluate.
Eluate + group B cells
Saliva from group A or B secretors inhibits reaction of anti-A,B with A or B cells.
Transfusion practice
ABO group A
Antibodies in plasma Anti-B
Compatible donor ABO blood group A, O and Oh
B
Anti-A
B, O and Oh
AB
None
AB, B, O and Oh
O
Anti-A, anti-B, O and Oh (anti-A,B) Oh Anti-A, anti-B, Oh only (anti-A,B), anti-H Donor blood must be crossmatched before transfusion.
Subgroups A1 and A2 80% of group A individuals are A1, 20% A2 Anti-A1 Anti-A Anti-H
A1 cells 4 4 1
A2 cells 0 2-3 3
Quantitative difference A1
8-12 X 105 A antigens
A2
1-4 X 10
5
,,
A1 and A2 Qualitative difference • 2% of A2 have anti-A1 as well as anti-B; • 25% of A2B have anti-A1
• NB. Anti-A2 does not exist!
Amount of H antigen in ABO blood groups O>A2>B>A2B>A1>A1B
Geographical distribution
Frequencies-(A and A ) 1
2
Summary.
• Mendelian Inheritance.
• A & B co-dominant, O amorph. • Three loci involved ABO,Hh,Sese. • Carbohydrate antigens • Glycosyltransferases • Antibodies mostly complement activating IgM + low level IgG. Group O serum. • Acute HTRs and mild HDFN. • Subgroups A1 and A2 differences. • Geographic distribution.
Further reading • R Qureshi,(2015) Introduction to Transfusion Science Practice, BBTS. Chapter 6, ABO blood group system, p122 - 140. • Overfield et.al. Transfusion Science, Scion Chapter 5, Introduction to the blood groups: the ABO system . • Daniels G. Human Blood Groups, Blackwell Science, Oxford. • Eva D Quinly Immunohematology Principles and Practice, Lippincott-Raven, Pennsylvania
Complete the following Punnet charts for ABO inheritance. Parents group AB and O
Parents group AB and AB
Parents group A and O
Parents group A and AB
Overview.
• Genetics • Inheritance. • ABO,Hh,Sese locus.
• Antigens. • Antibodies.
• Clinical Significance. • Subgroups A1 and A2. • Geographic distribution.
ABO Blood Groups. • 1900 Austria Karl Landsteiner • Mendelian inheritance of A, B or O gene. • One from each parent. • A and B genes co-dominant. • O gene amorphic. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1930/landsteiner-bio.html
Phenotype
Genotype
O
OO
A
AA, AO
B
BB, BO
AB
AB
ABO Inheritance. Parents group A and B A A B AB AB B AB BB
A O B AB BO O AO OO
Parents group A and A A A A AA AA A AA AA
A O A AA AO A AA AO
A B AB B AB
O BO BO
A O A AA AO O AO OO
Gene Action Three Loci: FUT1, FUT2, ABO
Genes code for production of specific glycosyltransferases Enzymes transfer immunodominant sugars from donor molecules to preformed oligosaccharide chain thus changing the antigen specificity.
ABO locus • ISBT No: 001. • Symbol: ABO. • Gene name: ABO. • Chromosome: 9 • Gene products: • n-acetyl galactosaminyltransferase. • D-galactosyltransferase • Converts H to A, B antigen. • Sugar donor: UDP.
FUT1 (Hh) locus • ISBT No: 018. • Symbol: H. • Gene name: FUT1. • Chromosome: 19 • H dominant, h amorph. • Gene product: fucosyltransferase. • Converts basic precurso substance to H antigen. • Sugar donor: GDP.
FUT2 (Sese) locus Chromosome 19
•"Secretors" (SeSe or Sese) secrete type 1 precursor substance. •Se dominant, se amorphic. •Encodes a fucosyltransferase expressed in epithelia of secretory tissues. •Production of H antigen in secretions.
Type II Red Cell Surface D-galactose N-acetylglucosamine N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
L-fucose
β-1,4
Type I
β-1,3
Precursor substance
H Antigen L-fucosyltransferase Type I
Type II Red Cell Surface D-galactose N-acetylglucosamine N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
L-fucose
A Antigen N-acetyl galactosaminyltransferase
Red Cell Surface D-galactose N-acetylglucosamine N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
L-fucose
B Antigen
D-galactosyltransferase
Red Cell Surface D-galactose N-acetylglucosamine N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
L-fucose
ABH null phenotype Oh H H h
H H H
H h H
H H h
H h H
Phenotype Genotype
h h h
Genotype Phenotype
No H – no ABO antigens Anti-H, anti-A, anti-B and anti-A,B in serum Transfuse only with blood from Oh donor. 1952, Bhende YM et al
Antibodies Produced 4-6 months after birth.
IgM -“naturally IgG -
occurring” Activate complement and cause severe HTR.
Immune anti-A,B in group O
Can cross placenta and cause mild to moderate Haemolytic Disease of the Foetus and Newborn.
Group O serum anti-A,B. • Higher IgG component. • High titre group O donors.
• antibody reacts clearly at a 1:10 dilution. • not used for plasma products.
• Not simple mixture of anti-A and anti-B.
Group O serum Absorption and elution studies
u
u
Eluate + group A cells
Elution Anti-A,B + group B cells.
Inhibition studies.
Eluate.
Eluate + group B cells
Saliva from group A or B secretors inhibits reaction of anti-A,B with A or B cells.
Transfusion practice
ABO group A
Antibodies in plasma Anti-B
Compatible donor ABO blood group A, O and Oh
B
Anti-A
B, O and Oh
AB
None
AB, B, O and Oh
O
Anti-A, anti-B, O and Oh (anti-A,B) Oh Anti-A, anti-B, Oh only (anti-A,B), anti-H Donor blood must be crossmatched before transfusion.
Subgroups A1 and A2 80% of group A individuals are A1, 20% A2 Anti-A1 Anti-A Anti-H
A1 cells 4 4 1
A2 cells 0 2-3 3
Quantitative difference A1
8-12 X 105 A antigens
A2
1-4 X 10
5
,,
A1 and A2 Qualitative difference • 2% of A2 have anti-A1 as well as anti-B; • 25% of A2B have anti-A1
• NB. Anti-A2 does not exist!
Amount of H antigen in ABO blood groups O>A2>B>A2B>A1>A1B
Geographical distribution
Frequencies-(A and A ) 1
2
Summary.
• Mendelian Inheritance.
• A & B co-dominant, O amorph. • Three loci involved ABO,Hh,Sese. • Carbohydrate antigens • Glycosyltransferases • Antibodies mostly complement activating IgM + low level IgG. Group O serum. • Acute HTRs and mild HDFN. • Subgroups A1 and A2 differences. • Geographic distribution.
Further reading • R Qureshi,(2015) Introduction to Transfusion Science Practice, BBTS. Chapter 6, ABO blood group system, p122 - 140. • Overfield et.al. Transfusion Science, Scion Chapter 5, Introduction to the blood groups: the ABO system . • Daniels G. Human Blood Groups, Blackwell Science, Oxford. • Eva D Quinly Immunohematology Principles and Practice, Lippincott-Raven, Pennsylvania
Complete the following Punnet charts for ABO inheritance. Parents group AB and O
Parents group AB and AB
Parents group A and O
Parents group A and AB
Related Documents 3h463d
Abo Blood Group System g251m
October 2021 0
Abo Blood Groups 3425b
August 2021 0
Abo Blood Type Worksheet o2s4b
October 2019 304
Rh Blood Group System 2r 4g3w6d
July 2021 0
Abo-rh Blood Typing Manual d4va
November 2019 51
Chapter 7 Rh Blood Group System 6z351z
August 2021 0More Documents from "Fahim" 2o3865
Abo Blood Group System g251m
October 2021 0
Les Eurocodes 6j5j5m
August 2021 0
El Khabar Du 08.07.2015 g5561
March 2023 0
13_14 Quiz.pdf 5v4l1q
April 2020 22
The Business Strategy Game 305t17
October 2019 51