Ashrae Pocket Guide 3b8

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POCKET GUIDE for

Air Conditioning Heating Ventilation Refrigeration (lnch-Pound Edition) American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. 1791 Tullie Circle, NE Atlanta, GA 30329

wl 93 by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and

TABLE OF CONTENTS

r-Conditioníng Engineers, !ne. Ali ríghts reserved.

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ISBN ()..

883413

--0l-X

IAir Handling and Ductwork Page Air Friction Charts ...................................... 1-3 Velocity versus Velocity Pressure ............................. 4 Circular F.quivalcnts of Rectangular Ducts ................... 5-6 \1)esign Vclocitics: Louver Sizing ........................... 7-8 tan Laws ............................................. 9-10 sychromclric Chart ............•..•.••.......•.••...•... 11 Moist Air Data .......................................... 12

of lhis manual may be reproduccd without pennission in writinE,tmperature ~ Altitude Correction · · · · · · · · · · · · ............ 13 . h b . f ·,cnthalpy of Air ....................................... 14-15 f rom ASHRAE , except by a rev1~r w o may ~uote r.1c ages º'steam Thblc ............................................. 16 roduce illustrations in a rcview w1th appropnate credit; nor may anf of this book be reproduced, stored in a r~rieval systc~, or uans~r Con~mlnants and Control ed in any fonn or by any means-electromc, photocopymg, record r Qua?tY ~tandards .................................... 17 ing, or Other-without permission in writing from ASHRAE. !~me Air Cleaners ................................... 18 1 ter Performance ....................................... 19

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has compilcd this publication with carr., but ASHRAE h ·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: . invcstigated, and A~HRAE expressly disclain:is any duty_ to inv~ ood Capture Velocities ....................... . .......... 22 tigatr., any product, scrv1ce, process, proccdure, dcs1gn, or the likc whic xbaust Velocity Contours ................................ 23 be described hcrein . Thc appcarancc of any technical data, editori ontaminant 1l'ansport Velocities .................. ......... 24 erial, or advcrtiscmcnt in this publication does not constitu tflood Ent ry Loss ........................................ 25 • orsement, warranty, or guaranty by ASHRAE of any product, serv¡Gtchen Rangc Hoods .................................. 26-27 1cr., process, procedure, design, orthe like. ASHRAE does not warranf..aboratory H oods · · · · · · · · · · .. · .. · . · ..................... 28

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that the information in this publication is free of errors, and ASHRAfwater a nd Steam s not nccessarily agrec wíth any statement or opinion in this publipump Turms and Formulas ................................ 29 on. The entire risk of the use of any information in this publicatiofump Affinity Laws ................................... 30-31 1s assumed by the . fypical Pump Curves .................................. 32-34 Stearn Pipe Capacitics ................................. 35-37 ~~m Pipe Capacities-Rcturn Mains ....................... 38 t:t:ncral lnformation on Water ............................. 39 ass Flow and Spccific Heat of Water ...................... 40 freezing Points of Glycols ................................. 40 Jizing Formulas for Hcating/Cooling ...................... .41 Vertical Cylindrical Thnk Capacity ......................... .42 Horizontal Cylindrical Thnk Capacity ....................... 43 V'olume of Water in Pipe and Tube .......................... 44 !fot Water Demand per Fixture ............................ 45 ntcd in thc United States of America rlot Water Demand for Buildings ........................... 46 ~riction Chart-Steel Pipe ................................ 47

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l. ·~~~o~n~:~~~¿~;;:~"j. ............................. ::~~~~r~:o;:~·I~~ ~~~~.e~,~~~~ l iction Chart- Plastic Pipe . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stccl Pipe Data ............................ .. ....... .. 50Copper Tube Data .................................. ... 52operties of Plastic Pipe Materials .......... . ........... 54pe, Fitting, and Val ve Applications ............ . .. . .... . 561ermal Expansion of Metal Pipe ................... · · · · . . · H anger Spacing and Rod Sizcs ............................ . lar CoUector Data ...................... · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

. .. . .. . .... ... . ..... . . 117 Heat Gain from Restaurant and Office Equipment .. . ... . . 118-120 Hcat Gain from Hospital Equipment ............ . ... . ...... Ul Hcat Gain from Motors ................. . ......... . .. ... . 122 Ventilation Rate Data (ASHRAE Std. 62-1989) ... . ....... 123-126 Information on Wcather Data ............................. U7 Cooling Load Check Values ........................... 128-129

E ectrical AUowable Ampacitics of lnsulatcd Conductors .......... . 130-131 írigcratloo Charactcristics of AC and OC Motors ................... 132-133 rrcssurc-Enthalpy Chart- R-11 . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · olor Full-Load Amperes .......................... . ..... 134 Pressurc-Enthalpy Chart- R-12 · · .. · · .. · .... · · .. · · .. · · · · · · · Uscful Electrical Formulas ...................... . ..... . .. 135 sure-Enthalpy Chan- R-22 ........................... . ' rigeration Property Thbles- R-22 ......... · · · · · · · · · · · · · 65- cls aod Combustion rcssurc-Enthalpy Chart- R-123 ...................... ... .. Pressurc-Enthalpy Chart- R-134a .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . ngine Sizing Thbles · · .. · · .. · · · · .. · · .. · .. · .. · ............ 136 Refrigeration Propcrty Thbles- R-134a ........... . .. .. . . . . 70- as Pipe Sizing Thble · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .. . ........ 137 ressurc-Enthalpy Chart- R-502 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cating Valucs of Fuels ............................. . .. .. 138 ressure-Enthalpy Chart- R-717 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . uel Oil Pipe Sizing Table · · · · · · · · · .. · · ... . .. . .... . .. . .. .. 139 efrigeration Properly Thbles-R-717 . . ............ . . .. . .. 75Refrigeranl Line Capacities-R-22 ... .. .. . ... ... .. . . ..... 78 wning and Operatlng ction Line Capacities- R-22 ...... . .. .. .. .. ........ ... 82- wning and Operating Cost Data .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. ....... 140-141 ction Riser Capaciúes- R-22 .. . .......... ... . ..... . ... 84-~·re Cycle Cosls and Present Worth Factors .... . .. . .. .. . . . .. 142 frigcrant Line Capacities- Ammonia (R-717) .......... . . 86- uipment Service Life ......... .... . .... . .... . ..... . .... 143 frigerant Line Sizing- R-134a ... . .... .. . ..... .. . ... .. . . . . aintenance Costs .. . ... ................... .. . .. . . ... ... 144

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IVAC Load lníormatlo n E und and Vlbrallon urfacc Conductance and Emittance Valucs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ceptable HVAC Noise Levels ............. . ..... . . .. .. ... 145 'herma! Resistances of Air Spaces ......... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · C Curves . .......... . ............................ . ... . 146 Heat 'Ilansmission for Fencstration ....... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .f!yp¡caJ Fan Sound Power Levels .................... . .. . . . . 147 Thermal Properti~s .ºr Materials ·: · · · · · · .... · .. · · .. · · · · · · 94-fü.P¡caJ Equipmeot Noise Levels ........................... 148 hermal Conducuv1ty ~or. lndustnal lnsul · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 100-l~¡vc Duct Sound Attenuators ........................... 149 J-Factors for ~e~ Bu1ld111~ · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · . 102-lfvibration lsolator Sclcction ....................... . ... 150-151 Underground P1p111g lnsulauon ........................... JI Max. and Min. Earth lemperaturcs ............. . ....... . · . Ir: ! 1 11 Co ntrols · · · · · · · · · · · · · · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152-157 r So'ls erma1 C on d uct 1.V1'ty 1or 1 and Rocks ................. . u orna e of C LTD/CLF Equations ....................... . 11 l urnmary h LTDs for Aat Roofs ................................ 108-lpcoeral Approximate CLTDs for Sunlit Walls ................. . . . 110-1,(\ir-Co o.d itioning Formulas ............................... 158 Solar Cooling Load for Sunlil Glass ................... . . l13-lf:onvcrs100 Factors · · · · · · · · · · · ....................... 159-162 hadiog Cocfficients for Olass .............. . .......... . . . 1 efrigerating Effcct from Display Fixturcs ........ . ...... .. .. tlndex ........................................ . .. . .. 163-164

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PREFACE

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This Pocket Guide was developed to serve as a ready reference fo · engineers whose mobility keeps them from easy access to thc larg~ ASHRAE Handbooks. Much of the information is taken fro the four vol u mes of thc ASHRAE Handbook series and abridged rcduced to fil the smaller page sizc. Other sources includ the Cooling and Heating Load Calcu/ation Manual published bJ ASHRAE in 1991; Industria/ Ventílation: A Manual o/ Recommendel Practice, 21st Edition, published in 1989 by Thc American Conferena of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; and Numbers published il 1985 by W. Holláday and the late C. Otterholm.

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This third edition of the Pocket Guide, which was first published it 1987, was compiled by Frcdcrick W. Kohloss and cditcd by Robcrt A Parsons with thc guidance of thc Society's Special Publications Com mittee. Previous major contributors wcre Carl W. Mahee, Griffitl C. Burr, Jr., and Harry E. Rountree.

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Duct Velocity Up to 750 250 500 200

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Refer to mfg. data Refer to mfg. data

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AI R WASHERSt Spray'JYpe Cell:Jype High-Velocity, Spray:Jype

300 to 600 Refer to mfg. data 1200to 1800

ªBased on assumptions prcsented in text. from Chaptcr IO, 1988 Equipment Volumc. ¡cAbstracted from Chaptcr 9, 1988 Equipmcnt Volumc. d Abstracted from Chaptcr 6, 1988 Equipment Vol u me. eAbstracted from Chaptcr 4, 1988 Eq uipmcnt Volume. b Abstractcd

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FILTERSb Filters: Viscous lmpingement Dry-'JYpe, Extended-Surface: Flat (Jow efficiency) Pleated media (intermediate efficiency) HEPA Renewable Media Filters: Moving-Curtain Viscous lmpingement Moving-Curtain Dry-Media Electronic Air Cleaners: Ionizing 'JYpe

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. p rs Used In Establishinl! Fhture . . .. Pertment arame 1e · Unless otherw1se 1denuf1ed, fan performance data are Parameter lntake Louver Exhaust Louv ~ased on dry air at standard conditions 14.696 psi and 70 ----~~~:!,____ _ __!:=:::...:::::.:.~=-'----1~ (0.075 Jbm/ft3 ). In actual applications, the fan may be reMinimum Free Arca (48-in. Squarc ui red to handle air or gas at sorne olher density. The change 45 45 Test Scctíon), 07o • • N A I' bln density may be because of temperature, composition of Water Pcnctration, oz/ (ft2 ·0.25 h) Ncg~gtbbc ) 01 PP ica he gas, or altitude. As indicated by the Fan Laws, the fan ( css 1 an · ~rformance is affected by gas density. With constant size Maximum S1atic Prcssurc Drop, nd spced, the horsepower and pressure varies directly as the .25 0 ~i~ n .~o~r~wa~tc~r:__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _o:::·.:.:15:__----- 41liltio of gas density to the standard air density. 1

1

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2

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The application of the Fan Laws for a change in fan speed, N, for a specific sizc fan is shown. The computed P, curve is derived from the base curve. For example, point E(N = 650) is computed from point D(N2 = 600) as 1 follows: Al D, Q2 = 6 and Pl/1 = 450 Using Fan Law la al point E Q1 = 6 X 650/ 600 = 6.5 Using Fan Law lb 2 p tfi "' 450 X (650/600) = 530 The completed P , N = 650 curve thus may be generated 11 by computing addihonal points from data on the base curve, such as point O from point F. If equivalcnt points of rating are ed, as shown by thc dotted lines, thesc points will all lic on parabolas wbich are defined by thc rclationship expressed in Eq l. 600

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Psychrometric Chut 11

Tumperalure and Allilude Correction

MOISTUAE ANO AIR

Temperah1re-Denslty*

RELATIONSHIPS • ASHRAE hes •dopted pounds of molsture per pound of drv a lr as standard nomenclatur•. Relations of other unlu ar• .,1pressed below et v•rious dewpoint temperatures. Par cent Grains I Equiv. Lb H20 I Paru per Molsture %b lb drv a ir• mi Ilion lb drv • Ir F Oew Pt.

1

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1 1 1 1 1

1

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- 100 90 80 70 60 50 - 40 30 - 20 10

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b

0.000001 0 .000002 0 .000005 o 00001 0 .00002 0 .00004 0 .00008 0.00015 0.00026 0 .00046 0.0008 0.0013 0.0022 0.0032 0 .0052 0 .0077 0.011 1 0.01 58 0 .0223 0 .0312 0.0432

1 2 5 10 21 42 79 146 263 461 787 1 315 2 152 3 154 5 213 7 658 11 080 15 820 22 330 31 180 43 190

0.0007 0 .0016 0.0035 0 .073 0.1 48 0.291 0.555 1.02 1.84 3.22 5.51 9.20 15. 1 24.2 36.5 53.6 77.6 110.7 156.3 218.3 302.3

0 .06 0.13 0 .26 0 .5 0 .9 1.7 2.9 5.0 8.3 13.6 21.8 33.0 48.4 70.2 100.0

Temp.

ºF

o 70 100 150 200 2SO 300

3SO 400 450

soo 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1,000

Den sil y factor

Wt. per

1.IS2 1.000 0.946 0.869 0.803 0.747 0.697 0.654 0.616 0.582 O.S52 0.525 0.500 0.477 0.457 0.438 0.421 0.404 0.390 0.376 0.363

0.0864 0.0749 0.0709 0.0651 0.0602

Allltude-Oensily** Ele\'lltlon Air denslty Density (l. lb./cu. {l. faclor

cu. r1.

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1,000 1,500 2,000 2,SOO 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 S,000 5,500 6,000 6,SOO 7,000 7,500 8,000 8,500 9,000 9,500 10,000

O.OS60 O.OS22 0.0490 0.0462 0.0436 0.0414 0.0393

0.0315 0.0358 0.0342 0.0328 0.0315 0.0303 0.0292 0.0282 0.0272

•Table bascd on 29.92 in. Hq. •Dry air at 70ºF

7000 gr•lns • 1 lb Compared to 70 F saturatea .

Normallv th• sensible h••t l•ctor determines the Cfm requored 10 accept a load. In sorne Indust rial applications the latent heat factor m•v control th• air circulation rate. Latent hHt. Btu/h Thu!i Cfm • IW1 - W2) " 4840 • NUMBERS. 1985, Altadena, CA. by 8111 HoClad•Y and Cy Otterholm.

12

13

0.o7S 0.0736 0.0723 0.0710 0.0697 0.0684 0.0672 0.0659 0.0647 0.0635 0.0623 0.0612 0.0600 0.0589 0.0578 0.0567 0.0557 0.0546 0.0536 0.0525 0 .051 5

1.0 0.982 0.964 0.947 0.930 0 .913 0.896 0.880 0.864 0.848 0.832 0.817 0.801 0.786 0.772 0.757 0.743 0.729 0.715 0.701 0.688

•

-----

-

Enthalpy of A.ir at Various Wd Bulb Teroperatures Par1 l

Condt nscd Table. 40WB - 90WB

Par11-

lnte,.,,olat~ to TtnthJ of 0qrttS, 40 WB -19.9 WB• Wet Btu Wtt \\et Btu Btu Wt t Bulb Wet Btu Bulb Ptr Btu Wt t Bulb Per Btu Wt t Bulb Pt r Tt mp. Per Bulb Ttmp. Pound Ttmi>- Pound Bulb Ptr Bulb Pt r TtmP. Pound Ttmp. Pound "nmp. Pound Tcmp. Pound 70.0 30.06 65.0 SS .O 23.22 60.0 26.46 .1 . 1 30.14 17.65 so.o 20.30 26.53

Bl• Wt l Bulb Per Pound Temp. Pound Btu

Pcr

34.09 75.0 38.61 . 1 38.71 34. 18 .2 38.80 .2 34.26 .3 38.90 .3 34.35 .4 38.99 .4 34.43 39.09 70.5 34.S2 75.5 .6 39.19 .6 34.61 .7 39.28 .7 34.69 .8 39.38 .8 34.78 .9 39.47 .9 34.86 71 .0 34.95 76.0 39.S7 .1 39.67 . 1 35.04 .2 39.77 .2 35 . 13 .3 39.87 .3 3S.21 .4 39.97 .4 35.30 40.07 71 .5 35.39 76.5 .6 40.17 .6 35.48 .7 40.27 .7 35.57 37 .8 40. .8 3S.65 ......., .9 .9 ,~ _74

45.0 .1 40.0 15.23 . 1 23.28 ,1 20.36 .2 30.21 .2 26 .60 . 1 17.70 . 1 lS.28 .2 23.34 20.41 .2 .3 30.29 17.75 .2 .3 26.67 23.41 .2 lS .32 .3 20.47 .3 .4 30.37 .4 26.74 .3 11.80 .3 lS.37 .4 23.47 20.S2 .4 .4 17.85 .4 15.42 60.5 26.81 65.5 30.4S 23 .S3 ss.s so.s 20.S8 .6 30.S2 .6 26.87 _. 40.S lS.47 4S .5 17.91 .6 23.S9 .6 20.64 .7 30.60 .6 17.96 .7 26.94 ~ 1 .6 lS .51 .7 23.65 20.69 .7 .8 30.68 .7 18.01 .8 27.01 .7 IS. S6 .8 23.72 20.75 .8 .9 30.1S .8 18.06 .9 27.08 .8 IS.61 .9 23.78 20.80 .9 18.11 .9 30.83 66.0 .9 IS .65 27.17 23.84 61.0 . 1 30.91 18.16 SI.O 20.86 56.0 . 1 27 .22 41.0 15.70 46.0 . 1 23.90 20.92 . 1 .2 30.99 . 1 18.21 .2 27.29 . 1 15.7S .2 23.97 .2 20.97 .3 31.07 .2 18.26 27.36 .3 .2 tS.80 24.03 .3 .3 21.03 .4 31.15 .3 18.32 .4 27 .43 .3 IS .84 24.10 .4 .4 21.09 .4 18.37 66.S 31.23 ,4 15.89 27.SO 61.S S6.S 24.16 .6 31.30 46.5 18 .42 St.S 2i.IS .6 27.57 41.S 15.94 .6 24.22 .6 21.20 ,7 31.38 .6 18.47 .7 27.64 24.29 .6 IS.99 .7 .7 21.26 .8 31.46 .7 18.52 .8 27.71 .7 16.04 24.35 .8 .8 21.32 .9 31.S4 .8 18.58 .9 27.78 .8 16.08 . ·.9 24.42 .9 21.38 .9 18.63 .9 16.13 .1 :1 .J> ..Y.l . t 'JL1ó~ . 1 17.92 . 1 24.S4 'Zl ~4'Y •v-•• ' º· " .2 .2 36.01 .2 31.78 .2 27.99 .2 24.61 .2 21.SS .2 18.79 .2 16.27 .3 36.10 .3 .3 31 .86 .3 28.07 . 3 24.67 .3 21 .61 .3 18.84 .3 16.32 .4 .4 36.19 .4 31 .94 .4 28.14 .4 24.74 .4 21 .67 .4 18.89 .4 16.37 72.5 36.29 77.5 67.S 32.02 28.21 62.S 24.80 21 .7) 57.S 52.5 42.S 16.42 47.5 18.95 .6 .6 36.38 .6 32 . 10 .6 28.28 .6 24.86 .6 21.78 .6 19.00 .6 16.46 .7 .7 36.47 .1 32. 18 .7 28.35 .1 24.93 .1 21.84 .1 19.05 .7 16.51 .8 .8 36.56 .8 32.26 .8 28.43 .8 24.99 .8 21.90 .8 19.10 .8 16.56 .9 .9 36.6S .9 32.34 .9 28.50 .9 2S.06 .9 21.96 .9 19.16 .9 16.61 78.0 73.0 36.74 53.0 22.02 SS.O 25.12 63 .0 28.S7 68.0 32.42 48.0 19.21 43.0 16.66 .1 . 1 36.83 .1 32.SO . 1 28 .64 . 1 25 . 19 . 1 22 .08 . 1 19.26 . 1 16.71 .2 .2 36.92 .2 32.59 .2 28.72 .2 2S.25 .2 22.14 .2 19.32 .2 16.76 .3 .3 37.02 .3 32.67 .3 28.79 .3 2S.32 .3 22.20 .3 19.37 .3 16.81 .4 37. 11 .4 .4 32.75 .4 28.87 .4 2S.38 .4 22.26 .4 19.43 .4 16 .86 25.45 63.5 28.94 68.S 32.84 73.S 37.20 78.5 <:n 1 43 .5 16.91 48.5 19.48 53 .5 22.32 58.S .6 .6 37.29 .6 32.92 .6 29.01 .6 25.52 .6 22.38 .6 19.53 .6 16.9S .7 .7 37.39 .7 33.00 .7 29.09 .7 25.S8 .1 22.44 .7 19.59 .7 17.00 .8 37.48 .8 .8 33 .08 29.16 .8 25 .65 22 .SO .8 .8 .8 19.64 .8 17.0S .9 .9 37.57 .9 33. 17 .9 29.24 .9 2S.71 .9 22.56 .9 19.70 .9 17. 10 74.0 37.66 79.0 33.25 29.31 69.0 64.0 25 .78 S9.0 44 .0 17. IS 49.0 19.75 54.0 22.62 .1 . 1 37.76 . 1 33 .33 . 1 29.39 1 25.85 . 1 22.68 .1 19.81 . 1 17.20 .2 .2 37.85 .2 33 42 29.46 .2 25.92 22.74 . 2 19.86 .2 .2 .2 17.25 .3 .3 37 .95 .3 33.SO .3 29.54 .3 2S.98 .3 22.80 .3 19.92 .3 17.30 .4 .4 38.04 .4 33.S9 .4 29.61 .4 26.05 .4 22.86 .4 19.97 .4 17.35 S9.S 26.12 64.5 29.69 69.5 33 .67 74.S 38.14 79.S 44. 5 17.40 49.5 20.03 54.5 22.92 .6 .6. 38.23 .6 33 .7S .6 29.76 .6 26. 19 .6 22 .98 .6 20.08 .6 17.45 .7 .7 38.33 .7 33 .84 .7 29.84 .7 26.26 .7 23 .04 .1 20. 14 .7 17.50 .8 .8 38.42 .8 33.92 .8 29.9 1 .8 26.32 .8 23. 10 .8 20. 19 .8 17.55 .9 .9 38.52 .9 34.0 1 .9 29.99 .9 26.39 .9 23.16 .9 20.25 .9 17.60

~

~-º'

40.77 40.87 40.97 41.08 41.18 41.28 41.38 41.48 41.58 41.68 41.79 4 1.89 42.00 42.10 42.20 42.31 42.41 42.S2 42.62 42.73 42.83 42.94 43.0S 43 . 16 43.26 43.37 43.48 43.S8

Wtt Btu Bulb Pt r Tcmp. Pound 40 41 42 43 44 4S 46 47 48 49 so Sl S2 53 S4 SS 56

51 58 59

IS.23 15.10 16.17 16.66 17. lS 17.6S 18.16 18.68 19.21 19.7S 20.30 20.86 21.44 22.02 22.62 23.22 23.84 24.48 2s.12 25.78

27.8S 28.S7 29.31 30.06 30.83 31 .62 32.42 33 .25 34.09 34.9S 35.83 36.74 37.66 38.61 39.57 40.S7 41.S8 42.62 80 43 .69 44.78 81 45.90 82 47.f>' 83 48.22 84 49.43 as 86 S0.66 87 51 .93 Sl .23 88 89 54.56 90 S5.93

62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79

1

1 1 1 1 1 1

1

1

1

1

1

PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM* Temp, Pressure

ºF

p

Spec vol, cu ft/lb Vg

U.S. Ambient Air Quality Standards

Enthatpy, Btu/lb Satwater vaporatlon hf hfg Sulfur oxides

8.28 26.86 47.05 69.10

, 071.1 1060.6 1049.2 1036.6

173.7. 118.7 90.63 73.52 61.98 53.64 47.34 42.40 38.42

93.99 109.37 120.86 130.13 137.94 144.76 150. 79 156.22 161. 17

1022.2 1013.2 1006.4 1001 .0 996.2 992.1 988.5 985.2 982.1

201.96 209.56 212.00 227.96

32.40 28.04 26.80 20.09

169.96 177.61 180.07 196.16

976.6 971.9 970.3 960.1

30 40 50 60

250.33 267.25 281.01 292.71

13.75 10.50 8.515 7.175

218.82 236.03 250.09 262.09

945.3 933.7 924.0 915.5

1164. 1169. 1174.I 1177.

70 80 90 100

302.92 312.03 320.27 327.81

6.206 5.472 4 .896 4.432

272.61 282.02 290.56 298.40

907.9 901.1 894.7 888.8

1180. 1183. 1185. 1187.

120 140 160 180 200

341.25 353.02 363.53 373.06 381 . 79

3.728 3.220 2.834 2.532 2.228

312.44 324.82 335.93 346.03 355.36

877.9 868.2 859.2 850.8 843.0

, 190. 1193. 1195. 1196. 1198.

0.25 in. Hg 0 .50 1.00 2 .00

40.34 56.80 79.03 101 .14

2 psia 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

126.08 141.48 152.97 162.24 170.06 176.85 182.86 188. 28 193.21

12 14 14.696 20

2423.7 1256.4 652.3 339.2

80µg/m 3

Annual (arithmetic mean) 24 h t

(0.03 ppm¡ 36Sµglm

IJOOµg/m 3 (O.S ppm) 10mg/m 3

10mg/m3 (9ppm) 40 mg/m 3t (35 ppm) Annual IOOµg/m 3 (arithmetic mean) (O.OS ppm) 1 ht 240 µg/ml (0.12 ppm) 3h 160 µ/gml (nonmethanc)• (6 to 9 A.M.) (0.24 ppm) l..ead 1.5 µg/ml 3 mos. *A nonhealth·relatcd standards used as a guide for oz.one control fNot to be exceeded more than once ayear fEPA has proposed a reduction of the standard 10 29 mg/m 3

1127.3 1131.1 1134.2 Nitrogen dioxide 1136. 1139. Oione 1141. 1143. Hydrocarbons

..

16

Secondary Standard l.evels 60 µg/m 3 150µg/m 3

Time l..e'l·els Annual (geomctric mean) 75 µg/m 3 24ht 260µg/m 3

(0.14ppm)

Abr;dye
* NUMBERS, 1985, Altadena, CA, by 8111 Holladay and Cy Otterholm.

Primary Standard

Averaglng

tt.t

•

/

tt.Oo

9'.0o

/

to.oo

/

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~'\

o-

;..º.j7

/

.~ ./

~

/

./

),00

f

./ ./

/

/

/

/ / º'

./

./

.~#'

V

o

./

•./

./

'º·ºº

I

/

./

10.00

O.O!

160µ/gm3 (0.24 ppm) l.S µg/ml

/

/

/

30.00

o'º

/ /

/

to.oo

....

1 00

(0.12ppm)

V

"·' o

30.00 4000

(9 ppm)

40mg/mJ (3S ppm) IOOµg/m 3 (O.OS ppm) 240µglm 3

º"

Pa1H1C1.'

.

01aM[f(*, M1C•OMtHt[

'º

Particle Si:ie Distribulion of Atmospheric Dust 17

10

Electronlc A ir C leaners

8

Eleclronic air cleaners use electroslatic prccipitalion 10 remove and collecl par· ticulatc conlaminants such as dust, smoke. and pollcn. Wires with a positiw dirccl currenl potcnlial of bclwcen 6 and 25 kV DC are suspended equidistan! belween grounded plalcs, creatin¡¡ an ionizing field for charging patticles. Thc colleclina plate section consists of parallcl platcs with a positivc vollagt of 4 lo 10 kV (de) applicd to altcrnatc platcs. Platcs that are nol charged are at ground po1ential. As parlicles inlo this section, they are forced lo thc platel by lhc clectríc flcld on thc chargcs lhey carry, and thus are removed from the air· strcam and collcctcd by thc pla1cs. Elcctronic air clcancrs typically operatc from a l:ZO.. or 240-V AC singlc-phasc electrical service. Power consump1ion rangcs from 20 lo 40 walls pcr 1000 cfm

"'

of capacity. This type of air filler can removc and collect airbornc contaminants with aves age cfficiencics of up lo 98G7o at low airílow velocitics (ISO to 350 fpm) whe lcstcd per thc ASHRAE Standard 52.1. Efficicncy dccreascs (1) as the collecling pi ates t>ecome loaded wilh particulalcs, (2) wilh highcr vclocities, or (3) wit t

~I

o ..... V

nonuniform vclocity. As with most air filtration dcvices, the duct approaches to and from lhe aiI clcancr housina should be arran¡¡ed so that thc airflow is distributed uniforml ovcr the facc arca. prefillersshould also be uscd to helpdistribute thc air now and lo trap largc particles thal mlght short out or cause cxcessivc arci

o

00

withín thc hl&h -voitage section.

g

o

r-

...

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111/11'l/111///1 ! I !1111 1 ! l

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ALTIANATE

AlflflOW

e::::o

trtl

11,,,, 1 , , 1 1 , 11111111"u1 u

\\

°":¡,O~!ll!li/ WIAUAT

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?-"~ INTERM!DIATE

l

l i i

l! l i l l / / / / / / / / l ! l ! l l /

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+ PAATICLES

11111 11 1111 -

POSITill(LY

CHARGlD ,..ATICL.E

C ross Secllon or l onlzing EJectronlc Air Cleaner

18

5 :i a o ..

~ .[ .§

o00

g

g

~

o00

-

Soul'(:es, Possible Concentrations, and lndoor-to-Outdoor Concentration Ratios of Some lndoor Pollutants Pollutant Carbon monoxidc Respirable particlcs Organic vapors Nitrogen dioxide 1\)

o

Possible lndoor 1/ 0 Conc~nConcentration• tralion Ratio

Sourcesof lndoor Pollution

Sulfur dioxide Tutal suspended particles without smoking Sulfate Formaldchyde

Combuslion cquipment, engincs, JOOppm fauhy heating systcms Stovcs, fi~laces, ci&arcttcs, coodcn100 to SOO µglm 3 satioo of volatilcs, aerosol sprays, resuspcnsion, cooking. Combustioo, solvents, resin products, NA pcsticides, aerosol sprays Combustion, gas stovcs, water bcaters, 200 to 1000 µglm 3 dricrs, cigarettcs, engincs Hcating systcm 20µglm 3 Combustion, resuspcnsion, hcating 100 µglm 3 systcm Matches, gas stoves Sµg/ m3 lnsu.l atioo, product bindcrs, O.OS to 1.0 ppm particleboard 3 Building materials, groundwaier, soil 0.1 to nCitT Fíreproofing < 10 fibcr/m NA Products, cloth, rugs, wallboard

>>I

Combustion, humans, pcts Hurnans, pcts, rodents, insects, plants, fungi, hurnidificrs, air condilioners Elect.ric arcing UV light sources

Ozone

~g

»1

s:[~

.... !f a a ~~ a· s· - g - .... 9~

¡¡ &l

I

gg

~~:

=... =

:;;·~

.,,g~.

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n- ·'O ,,. ~

g. 2.

~Q ()

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+::o

n

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Homes, schools, offices Homes, hospitals, schools, officcs, public Airplancs Officcs

<J >I

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~ c. e: ~: D. S ::rJl.1 CT3 n Q.~

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.:z :z :z ¡; ~Cl.l~ Q. ~ <'?. .9.f '":º ~ • ;.:;:ic;r:r g ~ .,0.9wOg Q.

Homes, buildings Homes, schools, offices Homes, schools. offices

1

20ppb 200ppb

Q

... !:!.

~

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3000 p pm NA

¡;

Removal insidc Homes. officcs. transpor· tation, restaurants Removal inside Homes, officcs


o o=..

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Homes, restaurams, public facilities, officcs. hospitals Homes, slcating rinlcs

>l

=.. •. 5..,-· Oi. :e·~ : ~ :r,...09;' -:: ~

¡;

(') :r ..

Skaling rinks, officcs, homes, cars, sbops Homes, officcs. can, public facilities, bars. restaurants

>>l

loo

R.adoo and progeoy Asbestos Mineral and synthetic fibers Carbon dioxidc Viable organisms

Location

a.

~~ ~

.. .. = o ¡;

t: g~~

Q.

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a.~

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Q = V(IOx2 + A)

H ood Capture Velocitles Tu select an adequate volumetric flow ratc to withdraw air througl!

a hood, designers use the concept of capture velocities, which are air velocities al the point of cont.aminanl generation. The contaminan! enters the moving airstream at the point of gcneration and is conducted along with the air into the hood. The table shows capture vclocilics for severa! industrial operations, based on successful cxperience under ideal conditions.

Q • flow rate, cfm V • capture velocily, fl/min X • distancc from hood face, fl A • hood face arca, ft 2

Range of Capture Velocitles Condltlo n of Contamlnant Dispcrslon

Examplcs

Relcased with essentially Evaporation from tanks, degreasing, plating no velocity into still air Relcased at low velocity Container filling, lowspccd convcyor transfers, into moderately stiU air welding

Capture (Control) Veloclty, fp11 50 to 100

r

IOOto 200

Barre) filling, chute load- 200to 500 ing of convcyors, crushing, cool shakcout 500 to2000 Released at high velocity Grindin¡, abrasive blasting, tumbling, hot into zone of very ra pid shakeout air motion

Active generalion into zone of rapid air motion

In each category above, a range of capture velocities is shown. proper choice of values depends on severa) factors. 1.Jpper End of Rangc Lower E nd of Range 1. Distributing room air curren l. Room air currents are favorable to capture. 2. Conlaminants of low toxicity 2. Contaminants of hi¡h toxici or of nuisance value only. 3. lotermittent, low production. 3. H igh production, heavy us 4. Small hood; local control o 4. Large hood; large air mass in motíon.

o ri llJ

ti

:l

~llJ

11.

¡¡:

~ ~~~~~~ ~

8~2~2~i

g

1oor-,,-.--,.--,,...-...---.--.-.....---.-~~--l

§

90 t--+-+--t--l-1-+-1--1--...¡..._l--L_.l

~801-t\--t--+--+--lr--+-+--1---1--l-_.lf.-.i > ~ 70t-+-'d--t--+--l~l--+-+--l--+--ll--I ~ sor-t-~-t--+--+--1'--+--l--1---1---l.--l ~50t-+-+-..ot--+-+~i--+--l-_¡..._¡,._J__,J

ffi 40t--t--t-r...+--+--+--+--+--+-~-l.---I > < 30t--t-+--t--+:...+.....,f--+-+-+--I-~~ t--

~... :~i-r-11rrt-rttti:L o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

OUlWAAD OISTANCE FAOM PIPE MOUTH, PEACENT OF O

Veloclly Conto urs fo r a Plaln Rouod Openlng

22

23

Hood Eotry Loss

Contaminant Tnlnsport Velocities Adaptcd írom Industrial Ventilation- A Manual of Rttommended Practkts (ACGIH 1988)

Min1m1111

Nature

or

Contaminan! Vapors, gases, smoke Fumes

Examples Ali vapors, gases, smokes

Traosport Veloclty, fpm Usually 1000 to

2000 200010 2500 2500to 3000 3000 to

Welding

Very fine Cotton lint, wood flour, litho powder light dust Ory Fine rubber dust, Bakclite molding powder dusts and dusL, jutc lint, cotton dust, shavings (light), 4000 powders soap dust, leather shavings Average Grindiog dust, buffing lint (dry), wool jute dust 3500 to industrial (shaker waste), coffee beans, shoe dust, granite dust dust, silica flour, general material handling, brick 4000 cutting, clay dust, foundry (general), limestonc dust, packaging and weighing asbestos dust in textilc industries Sawdust (heavy and wet), metal tumings, foundry 4000 Hcavy to tumbling barreis and shakeout, sandblast dust, dusts 4500 wood blocks, hog waste, brass turnings, castiron boring dust, lead dust 4SOO Heavy L.ead dust with small chips, moist cement dust, and or moist asbestos chunks from transite pipe cutting up dusts machines, buffing lint (sticky), quicklirnc dust

Whcn air cnters a hood, a loss of total prcssurc occurs; thc hood mtry /oss is: h, = CofJ,

where h, • hood entry loss, in. or water C0 • loss íacior, dimension tcss p, • appropriate velocity pressure, in. oí water

Tutal prcssure is difficult to measure, since it varies across a d uct, depending on local velocity. On thc other hand, static pressure remains constant across a straight duct. Therefore, a single measurement of 1tatic pressure in a straight duct downstream of the hood can monitor thc volumctric flow rate. The valuc of this static pressure, hood suction, is givcn by:

Phs = Pv + h, whcrep.u = hood suction, in. of water

b. FLANGED OUCT ENO

L PlAIN DUCT ENO

c. •0.60

c. •1.0

c.

ORIFICE AT OUCT E.NO

e, -1.1e

(USEP. OFORIFICE)

..•

.J • ..

FACEAREAAT LEASTZTIMES

~

DUCTAREA

...... ~ .... ~

FAC! ...REAAT l.!MT2TIME8

DUCTAREA

. ,.

t; • • < •

~

.

.

ffi

...... ....,. o 10

0

RECT'"NOULAR l SQU• E

~

- -- --

,I'. l.-

V

,

, ROUNO

I040HMNIOltol.ottOIM

.. INClUOEO ANGlE IN OEGREES d. TAPEREOHOOOS FLANGEDOR UNFLANGEO: AOUNO, IOUAAE OA RECTANGULAR flSTI1E MAJOAANOlEON RECTANOUlARHOODS.

1 1

En try Losses for lYp ical H oods

24

25

Duets 6' on c enter moxlmum

Oucts 6º on cente,. (mox.) for lo,.ge hoods

roce or ends can opentd for fllter rtmovot - - - -- 6'º mln.

ovtr'hong on three 1fdu

r1111r mounllng holgh l See note 4 below,

Coo)(1ng equipmenl , HOOO ACAINST WALL O • 80 cfm/11 of hood oreo (80 WI.) Hol tou thon 50 cfm/fl' of foco oreo (50 PH) p • per-lmeter or hood ; 2W + l Ouct v etoclty :: 1000 - .COOO fpm. to 1ult conditfons h , • {ffllor tHlslonce + 0.1") + 0 .50 VP, (alro19hl toko-off) i.. • (flllor rulslonce + 0.1") + 0.25 VP, ( toporod toko -oll)

l - - -- - -" Cookin9 tquipment

Cloaed t nds dtalrobl•

LOW SIOC WALL HOOO 200 clm/lineol 11 of cooklng 1urloc• {200l) Mlnimum duct velocity = 1000 4000 tpm, to 1uit CO!"lditions h : {filler res;stonee + 0.1") • 0 .50 VP, ( alrolghl 1oke-ofl) h: • (filler reslstonce + 0. t") + 0 . 25VP, (lopered loke-off)

Q •

6' moximum

Kitchen Range lloods

E::3:::t::f::1:::t::1::3:::t::3 6" m1n. overhong

H='' mox.

oll 1ldu

tslond cooklng Ot"eo

P = perimeler of hood ISLANO IYPC HOOO 2W + 2l 2 125 clm/11 of hood oreo ( 125 WL) Nol IHs 1hon 50 cfm/11 1 of foco oroo (50 PH) Mlnlmum duc l veloclty 1000 - ~000 fpm, to sull condillons h, • (flllor rt1lslonc1 + 0.1") + 0.50 VP, (alrolghl toke -off) h, • (flllor reolalonce + O. t") + 0.25 VP, (topored toke·off) O •

=

Kitchen Range Hoods R~prin~ w~th pcrmission oflhc American ConfCTCncc of 00\ICTrunental Jndus· lrlal Hwenuts for Industrial Ventilation-A Manual ofRecommended Pmctice, 21st Edítion (1992).

26

t

•

t::3:::t::1::3:::t::t::3:::t::3 H•4' max.

~-

Notes for Kltchen Hood• Fllters 1. Select praetical filler size. 2. Determine number of filters requlred lro manufac:turer's data. (Usually, 2 cfm maximum exhaust for each square inch ol filler area.) 3. lnstall at 45º - 60º to horizontal. Never horizontal. 4. Alter mounling height a. No exposed oooking flame- 18" mlnimum to lowest edge <_>f filler. b. Charcoal and similar fires-4' mlnlmum to lowest edge ol ftlter. 5. Shleld lilters from dlrect radlant heat. 6. Provlde removable g1ease drlp pan. 7. Clean pan and lilters regularly. Fana 1. Use upblasl discharge tan. 2. Select fan lor design Q and SP resistance ol filters and duct. 3. Adjust tan specificatíon lor expected exhaust alr temperatura. Reprinled with pennission oflhcAmerican ConfCTCnceofGovernmental Industrial H)'licnists for Industrial Venlílation-A Manual ofRecommended Pmctlct, 21st Editfon (1992).

Common Pump , Symbols, a nd Formulas (xhousl duct Optlonol room otr

by-pou dou not

Adjustobl• top 1101

apen unlil 1osh IJ cloHd 25""-30"4

So1h clo1u by - pou when rolaed

Term

Sym bol

Unils

Velocity

V

ít/s

Volume

V

ft 3 gpm

Flow rate

Q.

íhced center stot

Pressure

p

psi

Aeor bofffe

1Hdln9 ponefs

Density

p

lb/ft 3

Receued bottom

Acceleralion of gravity

g 32.17 ft/s 2

A1rtoll ¡omb tr.4ov•oble sosh --.µ..,...::;..;

con "'ove horlzontol

A1rto1I sill

Specific gravity

VERTICAL SASH AIR FOIL HOOO

ror 1otety sh1eld, ot leost one sosh 16.. mow. w1dlh

O

= 80-100

t:fm/t 1' fulf open oreo dtpendlng on quollly of 1upply

oir dislrtbution ond uniformlty of foce veloclty

h," 0.5 VPd Ouct · velocity •

1000- 2000 fpm to

sult condltion1 Alrfoil

1111

n

rpm

Head

H

ft

Net positive suction head (NPSH)

H

ft

Utilization Qo e design flow QA "' actual flow H D = design head HA = actual head

Output pawer (pump)

l)'plcal Laboratory Hood

1

'Y/p 1/m r¡, r¡.

= 1'/p'Y/m/100

r¡, "' 10- • 1/p'Y/m1/v

r¡. 'Y/ 11

1111

= 100 QoHo QAHA

SEi "' 10-• T/¡;'Y/ 11

Po Ps

hp

Q,HSG/3960

Shaft power

hp

100 P 0 1T/p

Input powcr

P¡

kW

74.6P/T/m

~rinte
28

2.31p/SG

r¡,

System Efficiency lndex (decimal)

HORIZONTAL SASH AIRFOIL HOOO

1

Mass of liquid Mass of water at 39ºF

SG

Speed

Efficiency (percent) Pump Electric motor Variable spced drive Equipment (constan! speed pumps) Equipment (variable speed pumps)

Formula

29

1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1

Application of Affinity Laws

Affinlty Laws for P u m ps Jmpeller DI ameter

Specific Gravity Speed

(SG)

To Correcl for

Constant Variable Constan!

MuJUply by

Flow

( NewSpeed) Old Speed

Head

( New Speed ) 2 Old Speed

Power

( New Speed ) 3 Old Speed

...~ %

Variable

Constant Constant

Flow

( New Diameler ) Old Speed

~ o

Head

( New Diameter ) 2 Old Speed

2

Power

( New Diameter ) Old Speed

Power

( NewSG) OldSG

f

f

3

SVSTEM OUtGN

Fl.OW

Constant Constan! Variable

-·-- ---- --r· IYlt(M r UWr

lf the hydronic system has a system head curve as shown in curve A, thepumpat ll50rpm willoperateat point 1, notatpoint2, aswould be predicted by the affinily laws alo ne. lf the hydronic system has a system head curve like curve B of this figure, the pump at 1150 rpm will run at shutoff head and delivcr no water. This demonstrates that the affinity laws should be used to dcvelop new pump head/capacity curves, but not to predict performance with a particular hydronic system unless its system head curve is known. 30

31

'fypical Pump C urves

'fyplcal Pump C urves

(Curves vary with manufacturer. Courtesy of Aurora Pump Co.)

(Curves vary with manufacturer. Courtesy of Aurora Pump Co.)

32

33

1750 RPM SPLIT ~ASE

Q

ª.,. ~

~

~-

3

~ ~

e 'O

~~

a-

~

~ : Q~

e (")

~ e

'<

~

2, il

~

¡¡

'J

.,,3

Q

,;...

Low Pressure System Pipe Capacities-Pounds Per Hour Coodensate Flowing with tbe Steam Flow Nom. Pipe Size (in.)

~

Pressure Drop per 100 ft ~ psi

Y.. psi 11

3.5

3.5

~

9

1 114 1V, 2

17 36 56 108

11 21 45 70 134

2 \li 3 3 Vt 4 5

174 318 462 726 1,200

215 380 5SO 800 1,430

6 8 10 12

12

3.5

14 26 S3

16 31

84

100 194

162 258

46S 670 950 1,680

~ Yi psi Saturated Pressure (psig) 3.5 12 3.5 12.

~ psi

66

310 550 800 1,160 2,100

36 68 140 218 420

20 37 78 120 234

24 46 96 147 28S

29

35

S4 111 174 336

66

ns

460

540

660

680

660

810 1,218 1,690 3,000

960

1,160 1,700 2,400 4,250

1,190 1,740 2,450 4,380

990 1,410 2,440

1,410 1,980 3,570

138 210 410

1 psi

1 psi

psi

12

3.5

170 260 510

42 81 162 246 480

820 1,430 2,100 3,000 5,250

780 1,380 2,000 2,880 S,100

43

82

12

3.5

so 95 200 304

590 950 1,670 2,420 3,460 6,100

7,200 8,600 8,400 10,000 1,920 2,300 2,820 3,350 3,960 4,850 S,700 7,000 14,500 17,700 16,500 20,SOO 3,900 4,800 S,510 7,000 8,100 10.000 11,400 14,300 32,000 30,000 37,000 7,200 8,800 10,200 12,600 15,000 18,200 21,000 26,000 26,200 49.SOO 48,000 57,500 11,400 13,700 16,500 19,500 23,400 28,400 33,000 40,000 41,000

12 73 137

60 114 232 360 710

280

1,150 1,950 2,950 4,200 7,500

1,370 2,400 3,450 4,900 8,600

11,900 24 ,000 42,700 67,800

14,200 29,500 52,000 81,000

430 850

Thcwcight-ílow ra1esa13.5 psi¡ can besued to cover sat. press. from 1 to &psig, and thcrates at 12 psi¡ can be used tocover sat. prcss. from 8 to 16 psig with an error not cxcccdin¡ 8 pcrcent.

=r-;&.~~ ~ --

--------Wl'j'"w•~~V~l~

-=~~--T..:...

......

~

-- - - - - - - - - - Medium Pmsore System Pipe Capmcttla (30 psll}-Pooads Pu Hour

'°"1

p.._,..°'°' ptr 100 h

PiDe~

1'pJi

(iL)

1

1

\4 psi

1

V, psi

Suopl: · ~ IS 31

22 46

69

100

107 217 358 MI 979 1,38' 2,5'() 4,210 8,750 16;2..so 25.640

1,. 313 516 940 l,414 2,000 3,642 6.030 12,640 23.4.SO 36.930

l4 1

IY< 111 2 211 3 HI 4

5 6 8 10 12

~

14

IU

2JO

31

38

44.s 790

2."000 1,590 17,860 33,200 51.320

1,575 2,MO 4,,a.so 7,zOo 10,200 19,000 ]1,000

l 311 4

s

Siul

Pipe (in.)

2.35'

S,600 10,250 15,250 21,600 40.250 M,.SOO

~ psi

~

V. psi

29

41

51

82

s

130 203 '12 683 l,2J7 1.8'5 2.62S 4,858

185 287 583 959 1,7SO 2,626 3.718

6

7.%0

8 10 12

16,$90 30.820 48.600

U
1

Yi psi

1

1

14 psi

6 ,875

43,430

68.750

'ª

117 262 401 82$

t/.

1,359 l.476 3,715 S,260 9,725 IS.9SO 33,200 61.700 97,2$0

l4

156

232

360

1 114 111 2

)ll

462

6SO 1.070 2,160 3,600 6,SOO 9.600 13,700 2.l,600 42,000

960 l.SllO 3,300 S,3SO 9,600 14,400 20.SOO 38,100

690 l,SOO l,460 4,950

2!/z

4 l

6

.s.o.so 1.400 15.JOO n,7SO n.250 60,000 H.000

62,$00

a,200 IS,000 22.300 31,600

sa.soo 96,000

1 psi

1

1 psi

]

1

S psi

6 psi

130 • 180 pslg - Mas Error 8 '70

82 16' 370 S75 ' 1,167. 1,920 3,SOO -5.2'0 7,430 13,750. 22.SSO 46,9SO n.2so 123.000

116 233 $23

113 l,6SI,2,430 •.Z!o 6,021> 8,400 IS,000

zs.200 S0,000 90,000 ISS,000

184

369 827 1.llO 2,000 3.300 6,000 8.SOO 12,300 21.200 36,SOO 70.200 130,000 200.000

JOO

sso

1,230 1,730 ),410 S,200 9,400 1),100 19,200 33.100 56,500 120,000 210,000 320.000

420 790 1.720 2.600

uzo

7,600

ll.SOO 20.000 28,000 47,SOO 80,000 170.000 300.000 470,000

1 • 20 psis - Mu RtlllrD PrHS•te

Ret•m MaiM aad Risers

3 3Yi

no

z.soo

Pressure Drop ptt 100 fl

l

l4

4

36$

l.SJO

Hi&h Pressure System Pipe Capadtles (150 psig)-Po1tnds Per Hour

1 114 ll'I 211 3 311

z.ru

lOI

Supply Mains and Ri~rs

2

116

4,,000 1,190 12,140 2.l,2SO 46.900 74,000

615 1.215 2.100 4,300 7,100 12,UO 19,1.SO 27,000 55,.SOO 13,000

l.CW

3,900 7,100 10•.s.so 1$,000 27,7$0 4$,500

l,460 2.660 4,000 5,660 10,460 17,llO 35,100 66,l.SO 104,.SOO

O· 4 psla - Mu Rebin1 P.-n

2'5 4911

1,670 l,400

1,033 1,SIO

m

9U-..

1,621 2."7 l,464 6,402< 10,240 21,8'5 40,62.s 64,0.SO

2.IJO .S,22.l

2 psi

63 12.l 211 437

167 .so

~1~

1

4$ 119 199 309

n

172

l,l

170 340 710 1,155

1 psi

MuErTorl"

63

141 219 444

Re1un1 Mal., and RiKn 1 114 111 2 211

1

\4 psi

-- r-.

~

910 l.~

J.160 6.400 10,700 19,SOO 28,700 40,SOO 76,000 125,000

S60 1,120 2.330 3,800 7,700 12,800 23,300 34,SOO 49,200 91,SOO l.S0,000

890 1,780 3,700 6.100 12,300 20.400 37,200

ss.ooo

78.lOO 146.000 231,000

{

Relurn Main and Riser Ca1 - --.-- ---- .. ..... _ ..... lld •sí"' Y, 01 JS. psior jl 02 " psl ort 02

P ipe

Orop per 100 f1

Sit:e

ladln

Wrt

"""'"

" -

1 1!4 11;1

125

l

21-1 l

~

Ory

V.e.

21)

338

206

700

470 160 1,460

)J-1

4

).llO

-" -----' j

6

-

62 1)0

1,180 1,880 2,7l0

j

~·

Ory

-14l

-

241 39J 110 J,lli) 2,1)0 3.JOO 4..180

1.970 2.910

-

-

-

48

-

11)

241 37l 7.50

---

---

-

--

-

--

71

42 JO

-

-

17l

)00

41l 1,000 1,680

48

J4.J

11)

2~

-~

·-

Ory

2~

381 m lll 7l0 1,360 2,180 3.2l0 •.480 7,ll80 12,600

--

W.o

388 l l.l 1.)60 2,180 3.2.lO 4,lOO 7,8$0 12,600

248

-

·~~un:~y~nem s-. rounas

v.c.

2.680 4,000 l.lOO

-------

47$ 1,00 1.680 2,680 4,000 l..SOO 9,680 ll..SOO

--

48

l7l

llJ

)00

248 J7l 7.50

• 7l 1,000 1.680 2,680

--

--

-250 103

)00

4.000 l..SOO 9,680 ll..SOO

42l 67.l 1.400 2,3l0 l,7l0 l.lOO 7,7l0

340 740 1.2)0 2,llO J,2)0

""° --

-

-

-

--

48 llJ 248 l7l 7l0

Ory

2,)80

3.800 l,680 7,810 13,700 22,000 249 426 674

l,420 2,330 3.800 l.680 7,110 13,700 22,000

--

-

142 249 426 674 1,420

217

--

14 psi or4 oz Drop pa 100 ft

v.c.

Ory

100 l7S

80 168 265 '1l tlO 1,7.lO 2,lOO 3,7l0

Per Hour

- - " psl orlo1 Drop 11a toe r 1

Drop per too f1

V.e.

149 236 1ll lt6I 1,l60 2,200 3Jl0

--- - -

Ris~rs

1 114 JI;\ .2 21-1 J Ji.\

Drop per 100 r1

-m

3l0 600 tlO

241 )71

w

2.00

)J.50 l.)lO 1.000 11.000

l.J60

Vi psi or 101 Drop per 100 fl

v.c.

- --- -- --- ---- ---- ---

200 3l0 600 tlO

2.000

--

48 113 248

m

7l0

----

3l0 600 tlO 2,000 3Jl0

lJlO 8,000 11.000 19,400 31.000

.,. 2B)

-

-

lJ.50 uoo lJlO 3,llO 8,000 l.)80 11,000 19,400 31.000

--------

v...

Ory

-

'41 1.340 UlO 4,730 7..S60 11.JOO 1$..SOO 27.JOO 43.800 494

848

1.)40 2,8)0 4,7)0 7.l60 11.J(IQ ll.lOO 27.J(IQ O,IOO

-

-

Genual lnformatlon on Water ity of W11ter Is usuallJ giftn as 1.0 at 60°1: H~. for some pOIJ'lH)SeS lt Is gi•en as 1.0 at 39.l º F, tlle poinl or •axl•u111 dcnsi11. ~ oa Wllltt a139.lºFas1 .0, "111tt a1 ISO °I' loas a sp
l?ºf

SOº F

60º F

7t ºF

IOº F

IOO º F

l :ZOºF

140º F

HOºF

llOº F

212°F

Absolu1• viscosi1y. centipoise.

1.70

1.31

1.12

.98

.86

.68

..56

.47

.40

.35

.28

Kincmatic viscosi1y, cnuistokcs

1.79

1.31

1.U

.98

.86

.69

.57

.45

.41

.36

.29

WriJ-1 aad l'oi . - Eq•loaltnts Coewrl 1o

Coa>Trt from

us Gallo•

ú)

"'

.8327

U.S. Gallo•

l.

Imperial CaUo a

1.201 .004329

C•bic ladl

CabkFool

7.4805

Poand•

.1198

C..1 (U.S.) '

11.98

Ton (U.S.)".

239.6

Litro

.2642

Cubic llt•trt

Imperial Gallo•

264.2

l.

.003607 6.229

.0998 9.98 199.6 .22

220.

Cable hldt

Cubk FOOI

*

.13368

231. 12.741

.000579

l.

1n8. 27.68

-

.08l45

.00418

'J.7U

.00)78

.1002

.oom

4.546

.00455

8.l45

62.42.S l.

.01602

.03121

.01

.ooos

l.

)2.04

2000.

20.0

35.31 4

2.205

2204.5

-

-

100.

.0353

Toa (US.)

.6243

1.602

61.023

-

Cabk Mttrt

.036124

l.

2765.

Ulrt

Cwt (U.S.)

10.02

.1605

*

*

Poud

.022

22.045

.05

l. .0011 1.102

-

.0164 28.317

.0283

-

.454

45.)6 906.9 l.

1000.

.045 .907 .001 l.

• Volume-wbah1 relation.ship takcn for walcr 1u ¡na.test density(39.2•F).

_,.. ,._ _.... --... · - r - 1 -- r·--~ ~_.....

•· ·

..--.i-• •~.••'••·~---~..,-¡:¡¡.~.....;o¡-y;o,o¡-, """"''"'..,..""'""'~ ..-......... ....._. wu..1.Utuu..~ ~ .....,.,_.,. vr

--~• - - ••••m .,,.,....,, M

larflc boiler plant.

{

52o

1.090

SIZING FORMULAS:

CONVERllON fACTORS: •e• (F - 32)/U ti• ot 1 IJ• • lb/h ot 1 - X O.OOI kJ/kt• ' C • llU/lb•FX4.19

o

1.0 10

00o

for htat1n1 or coolina water.

1.070

81...

lllu Added or Removed

o

1.oeo

MASI'LC~

~

1Pm •

300 X (water tcmp. rtSC or drop. 'fl

Waler In

1

1

Steamor Water In

1

For ht'a.dna v.·ater wilh stu m:

lb stetm/h • OJi l,PID (wam ccrnp. rtsc. •F)

sntlflCHUT

1

440

1.010

4:!10

1.000

Waler In

Oullt l

Rw ttadna 1h •1th s;1.ea1n coiJt.:

Slumor 4 20

ºº

100

200 Tl!Ml't:RATURE, F

100

llOO

Wa18f In

0 .990

lbstton>/ll.

(~)(aíttmip.nw.'f

400

I~.

For hcttlna air whh wa1er coab:

Mass Flow and Specific Heat of Water

gpm •

( CFM) ( air t<mp.rbc, 'F1 ) 116 • 115ilQ wattrtcmp. drop. F

Freeziog Points for Solutions of Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol Glycol, bl mass

fr/a

Ethylene Gllcol

Prol!ylene Glycol

ºF

ºF

°C

10 15 20 25 30

26 22 18 13

40

50

- 8 - 29

60

- 55

7

-3 -6 -8 -11 - 14 -22 -34 - 48 40

For ndi.11lon:

ºC

26 22 18 12 6

-9 -34 <- 60

- 3 -6 -8 -11 - 14 - 23

lb 11cam/h • 0.25 (Ml

Radlallon

- 37

< - 51 41

n EOR)

l _

1 1

1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Volume or Cylindrical Tanks in Gallons per Foot of Depth Dlamctcrin u.s. Diametcr in u.s. Dlamttcrln u.s. In Callo ns Ft In Gallo ns f1 In Callo ns f1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3

o

S.81S

1 2 3 4

6.895 7.997 9.180 10.44 11.79 13.22 14.73 16.32 17.99 19.?S 21.58 23.50

s

6

7

8 9 10 11

o 1 2 3 4

s

6 7 8

9 10 11

o 1 2 3 4

s

25.50 27.58 29.74 31.99 34.31 36.'72 39.21 41.78 44.43 47.16 49.98 52.88

55.86 58.92 62.06 65.28 68.58

3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

s

5 5

5 5 5 5 5

5 5 5

5

6 7 8 9 10 11

o 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11

o 1 2 3 4

s

6 7 8 9 10 11

42

71.97 7S.44 78.99 82.62 86.33 90. 13 94.00 97.96 102.0 106.1 110.3 114.6 119.0 123.4 127.9 132.6 137.3 142.0 146.9 151.8 156.8 161.9 167.1 172.4 177.7 183.2 188.7 194.2 199.9 205.7

6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7

o 3 6 9

o 3 6

9

8

o

8 8 8 9

3 6 9

9 9 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12

211.S 229.S 248.2 267.7 287.9 308.8

330.5 352.9

3 6

376.0 399.9 424.S 449.8 475.9 502.7 530.2 558.5 587.5 6 17.3 647.7 679.0 710.9 743.6 777.0 811.1 846.0 881.6 918.0

9

955.1

o 3 6

9

o 3 6 9

o 3 6

9

o

Quantities ror Various Depths of Cylindrical Tanks in Horizontal Posilion

º'º

l>epth

' '

•·med 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

OJo

OJo

O/o Deplh 071 of Oepth 'lo of Depth or or Capacity Filled Capacily Capacil)' Filled CapacUy •' llltd 81.50 76 51.27 51 20.73 26 . . 20 82.60 77 52.S5 52 21.86 27 .50 83.68 78 53.81 53 23.00 28 .90 84.74 79 5S.08 S4 24.07 29 1.34 85.77 80 56.34 SS 2S.31 30 1.87 86.77 81 57.60 56 26.48 31 2.45 87.76 82 58.86 57 27.66 32 3.07 88.73 83 60.11 58 28.84 33 3.74 89.68 84 61.36 59 30.03 34 4.45 90.60 85 62.61 60 31.19 35 5.20 91.50 86 63.86 61 32.44 36 5.98 92.36 87 65.10 62 33 .66 37 6.80 93.20 88 66.34 63 34.90 38 7.64 94.02 89 67.56 64 36.14 39 8.50 94.80 90 68.81 6S 37.36 40 9.40 95.SO 91 69.97 66 38.64 41 10.32 96.26 92 71.16 67 39.89 42 11.27 96.93 93 72.34 68 41.14 43 12.24 91.55 94 73.S2 69 42.40 44 13.23 98.13 95 74.69 70 43.66 45 14.23 98.66 96 7S.93 71 44.92 46 15.26 99.10 97 77.00 72 46.19 47 16.32 99.50 98 78.14 73 47.45 48 17.40 99.80 99 79.27 74 48.73 49 18.50 100.0 100 80.39 15 50.00 19.61

°'º

°'º

so

43

"' Volume of Water lo Stan4anl Pipe an~ Tulle Nominal Pi!!! Slu (mm)

in. 3/8 112 S/ 8 3/ 4

t

1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4

Schedule No.

(10) (IS) (16) (20) (2S) (32) (40) (SO) (6S) (80) (90) (JOO) (12S) (ISO) (200) (2SO) (300)

1/ 4 112 112 1/2

s

6 8 10 . 12

40 -

Standard Slee! Pi(!! lnside Diameter Volume in. (mm) gal/fl (Llm)

0.622 -

40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 30 30 30

0.824 1.049 1.380 1.6}0 2.067 2.469 3.068 3.S48 4.026

5.041 6.065 8.071 10.136 12.090

-

(l.S8) (2.09) (2.66) (3.50) (4.09) (S.25) (6.27) (7.79) (9.01) (J0.23) (12.82) (15.41) (20.SO) (25.75) (30.71)

-

-

0.0157

(0.19)

0.0277 0.0449 0.0779 0.106 0.174 0.249 0.384 0.514 0.661 1.04

1.50 2 .66 4.19

S.96

-

(0.34) (0.S6) (0.97) (1.32) (2.16) (3.09) (4.77) (6.38) (8.21) (12.92) (18.63) (33.03) (S2.04) (74.02)

T2:1!! L Col!!!!' Tulle Joside Dla meltr Volume in .

(mm)

ca1m

0.430

(1.09) (1.38) (1.69) (1.99) (2.60) (3.21) (3.82) (S.04) (6.26) (7.48) (8. 70) (9.92) (12.38) (14.85) (19.62) (24.45) (29.38)

0.001S

0.S4S 0.666 0.78S l.02S l.26S

l.SOS l.98S 2.46S 2.94S 3.425 3.90S 4. 875

S.845 7.72S 9.62S l 1.56S

(L/m)

(0.09) 0.0121 (O.IS) 0.0181 (0.22) (0.31) 0 .02Sl 0.0429 (0.S3) 0.06S3 (0.81) 0.0924 (1.1 S) 0.161 (2.00) 0.248 (3.08) 0.3S4 (4.40) 0.479 (S.95) 0.622 (7.73) 0.970 ' (12.0S) 1.39 (17.26) 2.43 (30. 18) (46.9S) 3.78 S.46 (67.81)

Hot Water Demaod per Fixtore for Various Types of Buildiogs (Galloos of water per hour per fixture, calcula1ed ata final temperature of 140 °F] Apartmenl H OUllf Oub t. 2. 3. ~ 4.

Ba.sios, prívate lavatory Ba.sins, public lavatory Bathtubs Disbwashers'

( s. roo. Basins

~

01

2

"

2Ó. 15-

2 6 20 SO.ISO

3• 3~ • 6. Kitcbcn sin k JO . 20 7. lauodry, stalionary 1ubs 20 38 8. Pantry sink s 10 9. Showcrs· 30· ISO . 10. Service sink 20 20 11. H)'drotberapeutic showers 12. Hubbard baths 13. Leg balhs 14. Arm baths IS. Sitz baths 16. Continuous-now ba1hs Ir. Circular wash sinks 18. SemiciICufar wash sinks ~ 19. DEMANO FACTOR 0.30 O.JO • 20. STORAGE CAPACITY FACTORij · f.2.S ' '0.90

GflflIndustrial om~ PriYale nasium Hospital H otd Plant Buíldlng Raldence School YMCA 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 8 I~ 6 IS 8 30 20 20 30 so. S0..200 20-100 IS 20-tOO 20-100 3 : u 3 12 3 3 12 20 30_, 20 20 10 20 20 28 28 20 28 to 10 s 10 10 225 15 30 30. 22S 22S -20 20 30 20 IS 20 20 400

-

~8

d)>

-

fil)

-

-

-

-

600 100 3S 30 165 20

20

to

to

30 IS 0.40

20 to

30 IS 0.30 o.~. 0.40 0.40 0.60 J.00 2.00 0.70 1.00 1.00 ªDishwashcr requiremcnts should be raken from rhis table or from manufacturers'. data for the model to be u$td, it this is known. bRatio of storage 1ank capacity 10 probable maximum dcmand/b. Storagecapacity may be rcduccd whcre an unlimiled supply of stcam is availablc from a central strecr s1eam sysrem or large boiler plant.

- - - - -r-

0.40 J.00

o.is

0.25

o:so

'__J'

H ot Water Demands and Use for Various 'fypes of Buildings Type of Buildin& Men's dormitories Women's dormitoríes Motels: Number of unitsª 20 or less 60 IOOormore Nursing homes Office buildings ~

O>

Food servíce establishments: Type A-full meal restaurants and cafeterías 'JYpe B-drivc-íns, grilles, luncheonettes, sandwich and snack shops

Maxlmum Hour 3.8 gal/student S.O gal/student

MaximumDay 22.0 gal/student 26.5 gal/student

Aven1eDay 13.1 gal/student 12.3 ¡al/student

6.0 gal/unit S.0 gal/unit 4.0 gal/unit 4.S gal/bed 0.4 gal/person

35.0/unit 25.0 gal/unit IS.O gal/unit 30.0/bed 2.0 gal/person

20.0 gal/unit 14.0 gal/unit 10.0 gal/ unit 18.4 ¡al/bed 1.0 ¡al/person

1.5 gal/max meals/h 0.7gal/max meals/h

11.0 gal/mait meals/h 6.0gal{max meals/h

Apartment houses: Number of apartmcnts 20 or less 50 75 100 200 or more Elementary schools Junior and senior high schools ªTnterpolate íor intermediate va.lucs.

12.0 gal/apartment 10.0 gal/apartment 8.5 gal/apartment 7.0 gal/apartment 5.0gal 0.6 gal/student 1.0 gal/student bPcr day of operation.

2.4 gal/a\fttage meals/dayb 0.7 gal/average meals/dayb

80.0 gal/apartmcnt 73.0 gal/apartmcnt 66.0 gal/apartmcnt 60.0 gal/apartmcnt 50.0 gal/apartmcnt l.S gal/student 3.6 gal/student

42.0 gal/apartmcnt 40.0 gal/apartment 38.0 gal/apartment 37.0 gal/apartment 35.0 gal/apartment 0.6 gal/studentb 1.8 gal/student6

l .,., [

o

,.,, I

20

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34

6810

20 30 40 W 80 llO

200 JOO 400 IOO IXI lXll

GPM, U.S. GALLONS PER -MINUTE

2000 lOOO

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40000 100000

3!

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GPM, U.S. GALLONS PER MINUTE.

101111. m SJl[S

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~\

Steel Pipe O.ta No• . Sdltdule Si• and Namber Pipe O.O., D., la. Wtlcbt'

º'

U1

o

1/4 D•O.S40 318 D•0.67S 112 D • 0.840 314 Oa 1.0SO 1 D• 1.315 1 1/ 4 o- 1.6(,() 1 112 D• 1.900 2 0 • 2.375 2 1/2 D • 2.87S

40 80 40 80 40 80 40 80 40 80 40 80 40 80 40 80 40 80

ST XS ST

xs ST

xs ST XS ST

xs ST

xs ST XS ST

xs ST

xs

Wall nkk·

lnskk Dlamettt

ness, h1.

In.

t

d

o.ou

0.364 0.302 0.493 0.423 0.622 O.S46 0.824 0.742 1.049 0.951 1.380 1.278 1.610 l.SOO 2.067 1.939 2.469 2.323

0.119 0.091 0.126 0.109 0.1<47 0.113 0.IS4 0.133 0.179 0.140 0.191 0.14S 0.200 0.154 0.218 0.203 0.276

Surface Arca Ouislcle lmkle 1 rtl!ft r1 /ft 0. 141 0.141 0.177 0.177 0.220 0.220 0.27S 0.27S 0.344 0.344

o.os

0.435 0.497 0.497 0.622 0.622 0.153 0.7$3

O.Cl9S 0.079 0.129 0.111 0.163 0.143 0.216 0.194 0.27$ 0.251 0.361 0.335 0.421 0.393 0.541 0.508 0.646 0.608

Cro...&áloul flow Art11 Artll

Metal

"'l

iDJ

0.12S O.IS7 0.167 0.217 0.2SO 0.320 0.333 0.433 0.494 0.639 0.669 0.831 0.799 1.068 1.07 1.48 1.70 2.25

0.104 0.072 0.191 0.141 0.304 0.234 O.S33 0.432 0.864 0.119 1.SO 1.28 2.04 1.77 3.36 2.9S 4.79 4.24

Wtlght of Pipe Water lb/fl lb/ft 0.<424 O.SlS 0.561 0.738.

o.aso 1.087 1.13 1.47 1.68 2.17 2.27 2.99 2.72 3.63 3.65 5.02 S.79 7.66

. 3 0 • 3.SOO 4 0 • 4.SOO 6 0 • 6.62S 8 D•8.62S

10 D • 10.7S

40 ST

80

xs

40 80 40 80 30 40 80 30 40

ST

xs

ST

xs

ST XS ST

xs

80 30

~

12 D • 12.7S

ST 40 XS

80

0.216 0.300 0.237 0.337 0.280 O..f32 0.277 0.322

o.soo 0.307 0.365

o.soo

0.593 0.330 0.375 0.406

o.soo 0.687

3.068 2.900 4.026 3.826 6.06.S 5.761 8.071 7.981 7.62S 10.136 10.020 9.750 9.S64 12.090 12.000

11.938 11.150 11.376

0.916 0.916 1.178 1.178 1.734 1.734 2.258 2.2S8 2.258 2.814 2.814 2.814 2.814 3.338 3.338 3.338 3.338 3.338

0.803 0.159 1.054 1.002 1.SSI 1.508 2.113 2.089 1.996 2.654 2.623 2.5'2 2.504 3.165 3.141 3.12S 3.076 2.978

• Numb«> are Khcdul< aumbers pcr ASTM 83'. IO; ST =Standazd w.;sht; XS • Elltra Strona. b

Workinreuureshavebeencalcula1ed per ASME/ANSI 831.9u11nafumM:>c

bu1t wcld (concinuO\lJ weld. CW) ptpe through 4 in. and eltccric rdistance weld

(ERW) 1hereaf1er. The allowance, A, has been lalccn u: (a) 12.5.,. of / for miU toleraoc:c 00 pipe wall llúcknas, plus

'--..

2.23 3.02 3.17 4.41 S.58 8.40 7.26 8.40 12.76 10.07 11.91 16.10 18.92 12.88 14.58 IS.74 19.24 26.03

7.39 6.60 12.73 IUO 28.89 26.07 Sl.l6 50.03 45 .66 80.69 78.SS 74.66 71.84 114.8 113.1 111.9 108.4 101.6

0.04S 0.031 0.083 0.061 0.131 0.101 0.131 0.187 0.374 0.311 0.647 O.SS5 0.881 0.76S l .4S 1.28 2.07 1.83

Wortli.g Prossare' ASTM ASJ B to .tOO ºF Mfr. ProJolnt

cea

~ pe

¡Mil

cw cw

Tbrd Thrd Thrd Thrd Thrd Thrd Thrd Thrd

183 871 203 820 214 7S3 117 681 226 642 229 S94 231

cw cw cw CW

cw

CW

cw cw cw cw CW

cw cw cw

CW CW

Thrd Tbrd Tbrd Tbrd Thrd Thrd Thrd Thrd Wcld Weld

576 230 SSI

.533 83S

___ ____ _

7.S7 10.2S 10.78 l.f.97 18.96 28.S5 24.68 28.53 43.3S 34.21 40.4S 54.69 64.28 43.74 49...12 S3.48 65.31 88.44

...

3.20 2.86 S.SI • .98 12.SO 11.28 22.14 21.65 19.76 34.92 34.12 32.31 31.09 49.68 48.94 48.44 46.92 43.98

CW

cw cw CW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW

Weld Weld Wcld Weid Wdd Weld Weld Weld Weld Weld Weld Wcld Wcld Weld Wdd Weld Weld . Weld

482 767 430 69S 696 1209 526 643 1106 485 606 887 1081 449

528 583 743 1076

(b) An arbiuary conooion anowa- or 0.025 i11. ror pipe siz.a thtoup NPS 2 and o.oo iD. rrom NPS 2~ tM>ush 20. p1us (e) A 1hread cuuina allowance ror s1ut throush NPS 2. Beeause 1he pipe wall 1hlckness ofthrodtd siandard we1Jh1 pipe is'º small artcr deductinc 1he allowancc, A. tbe mechanical suength or 1he pipe is impaired. 11 is eood practice10 lint11 standard wti¡h1 thteod
j

,\

( Copper Tu~ Data W.11 Nominal DiamtlU

Type

0 .30S 0 .31S

0.098 0.098

0.080 0.082

0.037 0.033

0 .073 0.078

0. 14S 0.126

0 .402 0 .430 0 .450

0.131 0.131 0 . 131

O.IOS 0.113 0.008

0.069 O.OSI 0.037

0.127 0.14S 0.IS9

0.269 0.198 0.14S

0.089 0.074 O.OS3

0.218 0.233 0.254

0.344 0.28S 0.203

0.063 0 .069 0.094 0 . 101 0 . 110

K L

O.OlS 0 .030

3/ 8

K L

0 .049 0 .03S 0 .02S

112

en 1\)

K L M

S/ 8

K

L 3/ 4

1 1/4

K L M K L M K L M

0 .37S

o.ns o.soo o.soo o.soo

Tu be lb/ rt

wattt

Wo rklna Pl'HSutt...,. ASTM 1138 10 l50ºF Aan ..ltd lhwwn

lb/ fl

P5ia

psi&

0.032 0 .034

8SI 730

o.oss

894 638 4$6

1596 1368 1676

71S S84

1197 8SS 1341 1094 766

0 .049 0 .040 0 .028

0 .62S 0 .62S 0.62S

O.S27 O.S4S O.S69

0 . 164 0.164 0.164

0.138 0.143 0.149

0 .049 0 .042

0.150 0.150

0 .652 0 .666

0.196 0 . 196

0.171 0.174

0.108 0.093

0.334 0.348

0.418 0.362

0. 144 O. IS!

Sil

1117 9S8

0.06S 0 .04S 0 .032

0 .87S 0 .87S 0 .87S

0.74S 0.78S 0 .811

0.229 0.229 0.229

0.19S 0.206 0.212

0.16S 0.117

o.oss

0.436 0.484 O.S l 7

0.641 0 .4SS 0 .323

0 . 189 0 .209 0.224

6TI 469 334

1270 879 62S

0.06S

1.12S l.12S 1.12S

0.99S l .02S t.OSS

0.29S · 0 .29S 0.29S

0.260 0.268 0.276

0.216 0.169 0.120

0 .778 0.82S 0.874

0.336 0 .3S7 0 .378

S27 40S 284

988 760 S32

l .37S 1.37S 1.37S

. l.24S l.26S 1.291 1.295

0.360 0.360 0.360 0.360

0.326 0.33 1 0.338 0.339

0 .268 0.228 0 . 176 0 .1 68

J.217 t.2S7 1.309 1.317

0 .839 0.6S4 0 .464 1.037 0.884 0.682 0.650

O.S27 O.S44 O.S66 0.570

431 36S 279 265

808 684 S22 497

o.oso 0 .03S 0.06S

o.oss

DWV

Wtlaln o r

Oia meu r lnsld t, Oa1sld t, d, In. O, la.

1/ 4

M

Cro.,..Stt!Jonal Metal Flow Atta Ara 1nl it11

SurfaaAtta IJl.sldt OulSldt n11r1 r111ri

Tlllck· • W. 1,ln.

0 .042 0.040

1.315

409 S96

- - -112

K L M

DWV K L

M

DWV 2 112

K

L M K L M

DWV

U>

c.>

3 1/2

K

L M

4

K

L M

OWV 6

K

L M

DWV

356 300

668 S13

1.065

1.304 1.339 1.372 1.416

249 180

467 338

4.6$7 4.TI2 4 .889

2.926 2.479 2.026

2.0IS 2.06S 2. 116

330 278 226

619 521 423

1.033 0.858 0.691 0.43S

6 .637 6.812 6.979 7.234

4.002 3.32S 2 .676 1.687

2.rn 2 .947 l .020 3. l30

318 263 210 131

492 394 246

1.321 1.107 0.924

8.999 9.213 9.397

S. 120 4.291 l .S79

3.894 3 .987 4.066

302 252

1.680 J.387 1.203 0.741

11.684 11.m 12.161 12.623 25.886 26.832 27.164 27.889

6 .510 S.377 4.661 2.872

S.OS6

209 296

S.182 S.262 S.462

243 210 123

13.867 10.200 8 .916 6 . IOS

11.201 11.610 11.754 12.068

1.723 1.779 1.831 1.865

1.361 l.143 0.940 0.809

0.74S 0 .770 0 .792 0.807

O.S56

O.SS6

O.SIJ O.S20

O.SS6

O.S26 0.534

3.014 3.09S 3.170 3.272

2.063 1.7SI 1.459

O.SS6

O.S32 0.4S2 0.377 0.27S

0.637 0.645 0.6S3

0.75S 0.640 0.523

0.761

1.481 l.SOS l.S27 1.S41

0 .083 0 .070 O.OS8 0 .042

2 . 125 2. m 2 . 12S 2. 125

1.959 1.98.S 2.009 2.041

0.09S 0 .06S

2.62S 2.625 2 .62.S

2.43S 2.46.S 2 .49.S

0.687 0.687 0 .687

0 . 109 0 .090 0.072 0.04S

J . 125 3. 12$ 3. 125 3. 125

2.907 2.94S 2.981 3.03S

0.818 0.818 0.818 0.818

0 . 120 0 . 100 0.083

3 .62S 3.625 3.625

3.38S 3.42$ 3.4S9

0.949 0.949 0.949

0.891

0 . 134 0 . 110 0 .09S O.OS8 0 . 192 0.140 0.122 0 .083

4. 125 4. 12$ 4 . 125 4 . 12S 6 . 12S 6 . 12S 6.12S 6. 12S

3.8S7 3.90S 3.935 4 .009 5.741 S.84S S.881 S.9S9

J.080 J.080 1.080 1.080 1.603 1.603 1.603 1.603

1.010 1.022 1.030 !.OSO 1.503 J.S30 1.540 1.560

1

63 1 Sl6 442

0.3Sl 0.295 0.243 0.209

t.62S 1.625 l .62S 1.62$

ª Wl)c.n using soklertd or brazcd nwnas. the joln1 determines the limmna prC$$Ure.

b

158

0.388 0.394 0.400 0 .403

0 .072 0 .060 0 .049 0.042

o.oso

404 337 27S 236

0.42S 0.42S 0.42S 0.425

""'',..·A

Workina pr<Ssur<S cakulat
o.ni 0.780 0.79S 0.886 0.906

3.S79 2.632 2.301

l.S1S

286

208 182 124

S96

566 472 392 555 456 394 240 S36 391 341 232

e lf sotdcrcd vr braz.cd fiuin¡.s are used on hard drawn tub1na. uac the annealcd ra1ings. Full·tube aHowable prcssurc.s can be used wilh suhabl)' rated ílare or compression-type tittin¡s.

-·

··-~

\

Properties of Plastic Pipe Materials Material

1YPe Designatioa Tbermoplastlcs PVC 1120 PVCl200 PVC2120 VC4120 PB 2110 PE2306 ~ PE3306 PE3406 HDPE3408 pp ABS ABS 1210 ABS 1316 ABS 2112 PVDF T hermo#lting Epoxy-Glass Pol~estcr-Gl3S$

Far Comparlson Steel AS3 Cop~r

and Grade

Cdl

Tl,Gl Tl,02 Tll,GI TIV,GI Tll,GI Gr. P23 Gr. P34 Gr. P33 Gr. P34

124S-B 12454-C 14333-D 23447-B

3SS434-C

Duraplus TJ,02 Tl,03 . Tll,GI

6-3-3 S-2-2 3-S-5 4-4-S

No.

RTRP-llAF RTRP- 12EF Grade B TypeL

ERW Drawn

Tensile Streagtll, psi al 73°F

liydrostatk Desl&a Slttss, psi at 73"F

Upper Tempera ture Umll, º F

ASME Mfr.

831

psi

140

ISO

ASME Mir.

831

2,000

2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 630 630 630 800

1,SOO 8,000 4,800

2,000 1,000

S,000 5,000 5,500

1,600 70S

440

ISO ISO 210 180 140 160 180 180 210

210 180

140 212 176

1,000 1,600 1,250

7,000

1,275

280

44,000 44,000

8,000 9,000

210 200

60,000 36,000

nos• Upptt Umit

180 180 180 275

320

soo

800

640 1,000 800 306 7,000 5.000

12,800 9,000

800

400

9,200 8,200

---

8:

De$ignatloa Thmnoplastlcs PVC 1120 PVCl200 PVC2120 VC4120 PB 2110 PE2306 PE3306 PE3406 HDPE3408 pp ABS ABS 1210 ABS 1316 ABS2112 PVDF Thermosdting Epoxy-Glass Polycster-Glass For Comparlson Steel Copper

Propertles of Plastic Pipe Materials (Concluded) lmpact Strengtll, Modalusof Hu.enCodfk:lent of Therm1I Condudlvity, Rdative Spectr~ fl •lb/in Elastidcy, W'illillJDS ~OD Btu·in/ Cravity Pipe at 73º F psi at 73ºF C-Factor per ºFilo' b. ft1 ·"F Cost' 1.40

0.8

l.SS 0.93

l.S

0.96 0.91 1.06

12 1.3 8.5

1.78

3.8

7.80 8.90

30.0

420,000 410,000

ISO

423,000 38,000 90.000 130,000 150,000 110,000 120,000 240,000 250,000 340,000

15-0 150

ISO ISO

125,000

150

1,000,000 1,000,000

150 150

JO.O 3S.O 30.0 3S.O 72.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 120.0 60.0 S6.0 SS.O 40.0 40.0 79.0 910 13 910 ll

1.1

1.0

0.9S 0.13

2.9 2.9

2.7 1.3 1.7

1.1 2.9 3.4

0.8

28.0

2.9 1.3

27,500,000 100 6.31 26.2 l.3 17,000,000 140 9.S 3.S The propcnies listod are for the specilic material.$ lisred as each plas- :-ne h)'drostatic design str= (HDS) is cquivalcnt to thc allowable design stress. tic has other formulations. Consuh the manufacrurer chosen. These valuq are for comparative pupases. of thc system Bascd on the cost of pipe only, without factorina in fiuinas, íoints, hanaers. and labor.

,.,-- -

---- --=-""O,.O. ::.-.--:..-

~ -""'

-

~

Application of Pipe, Fillíngs, and Valvcs for Ht1lting aod Air-Conditloníng

Pipe Mattrial

O)

2.S 10 12 1n. (6S 10 300 mm)

psJs 125

Class

125

casi lron

"F 2SO

S1andanl Typc L

Thread

-

Wroughl Copptr

2SO

ISO

95-S Soldcr

pvc

Sch 80

lSO

Solvent

1S

Sch80

PVC

Sol~nl

Sch80

VC

ISO

VC

Sch80

PB

160

ISO llS

Metal

160

115

Wrought S1ccl

250

400 250

S1ccl(CW) CopP'f. Hard

SDR-11

Heat fusion

-

lnscrt Crimp

ASl B ERW Stccl

Std

Wcld

Std

Flange

ISO

Wroughl S1ccl

250

125

2SO

175

flange

Cast lron

2SO

Cast lron M 1 or Ductilc lron

400

Flange

2SO 230

300

PB

160

llS

Groovc

Pll St<2m •nd C:undcnsal• 2 in. (SO mm) and smallcr

Maidrnum Prusart at Tt111ptrt1ll1tt•

Typt

PB

Cll

Material

S1ste111 Temptntutt

Wtllht

Applktltion Re <.1lau111 wattr in. mm and smallcr>
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