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POCKET GUIDE for
Air Conditioning Heating Ventilation Refrigeration (lnch-Pound Edition) American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. 1791 Tullie Circle, NE Atlanta, GA 30329
wl 93 by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
TABLE OF CONTENTS
r-Conditioníng Engineers, !ne. Ali ríghts reserved.
1
ISBN ()..
883413
--0l-X
IAir Handling and Ductwork Page Air Friction Charts ...................................... 1-3 Velocity versus Velocity Pressure ............................. 4 Circular F.quivalcnts of Rectangular Ducts ................... 5-6 \1)esign Vclocitics: Louver Sizing ........................... 7-8 tan Laws ............................................. 9-10 sychromclric Chart ............•..•.••.......•.••...•... 11 Moist Air Data .......................................... 12
of lhis manual may be reproduccd without pennission in writinE,tmperature ~ Altitude Correction · · · · · · · · · · · · ............ 13 . h b . f ·,cnthalpy of Air ....................................... 14-15 f rom ASHRAE , except by a rev1~r w o may ~uote r.1c ages º'steam Thblc ............................................. 16 roduce illustrations in a rcview w1th appropnate credit; nor may anf of this book be reproduced, stored in a r~rieval systc~, or uans~r Con~mlnants and Control ed in any fonn or by any means-electromc, photocopymg, record r Qua?tY ~tandards .................................... 17 ing, or Other-without permission in writing from ASHRAE. !~me Air Cleaners ................................... 18 1 ter Performance ....................................... 19
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. RAE
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has compilcd this publication with carr., but ASHRAE h ·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: . invcstigated, and A~HRAE expressly disclain:is any duty_ to inv~ ood Capture Velocities ....................... . .......... 22 tigatr., any product, scrv1ce, process, proccdure, dcs1gn, or the likc whic xbaust Velocity Contours ................................ 23 be described hcrein . Thc appcarancc of any technical data, editori ontaminant 1l'ansport Velocities .................. ......... 24 erial, or advcrtiscmcnt in this publication does not constitu tflood Ent ry Loss ........................................ 25 • orsement, warranty, or guaranty by ASHRAE of any product, serv¡Gtchen Rangc Hoods .................................. 26-27 1cr., process, procedure, design, orthe like. ASHRAE does not warranf..aboratory H oods · · · · · · · · · · .. · .. · . · ..................... 28
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that the information in this publication is free of errors, and ASHRAfwater a nd Steam s not nccessarily agrec wíth any statement or opinion in this publipump Turms and Formulas ................................ 29 on. The entire risk of the use of any information in this publicatiofump Affinity Laws ................................... 30-31 1s assumed by the . fypical Pump Curves .................................. 32-34 Stearn Pipe Capacitics ................................. 35-37 ~~m Pipe Capacities-Rcturn Mains ....................... 38 t:t:ncral lnformation on Water ............................. 39 ass Flow and Spccific Heat of Water ...................... 40 freezing Points of Glycols ................................. 40 Jizing Formulas for Hcating/Cooling ...................... .41 Vertical Cylindrical Thnk Capacity ......................... .42 Horizontal Cylindrical Thnk Capacity ....................... 43 V'olume of Water in Pipe and Tube .......................... 44 !fot Water Demand per Fixture ............................ 45 ntcd in thc United States of America rlot Water Demand for Buildings ........................... 46 ~riction Chart-Steel Pipe ................................ 47
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l. ·~~~o~n~:~~~¿~;;:~"j. ............................. ::~~~~r~:o;:~·I~~ ~~~~.e~,~~~~ l iction Chart- Plastic Pipe . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stccl Pipe Data ............................ .. ....... .. 50Copper Tube Data .................................. ... 52operties of Plastic Pipe Materials .......... . ........... 54pe, Fitting, and Val ve Applications ............ . .. . .... . 561ermal Expansion of Metal Pipe ................... · · · · . . · H anger Spacing and Rod Sizcs ............................ . lar CoUector Data ...................... · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
. .. . .. . .... ... . ..... . . 117 Heat Gain from Restaurant and Office Equipment .. . ... . . 118-120 Hcat Gain from Hospital Equipment ............ . ... . ...... Ul Hcat Gain from Motors ................. . ......... . .. ... . 122 Ventilation Rate Data (ASHRAE Std. 62-1989) ... . ....... 123-126 Information on Wcather Data ............................. U7 Cooling Load Check Values ........................... 128-129
E ectrical AUowable Ampacitics of lnsulatcd Conductors .......... . 130-131 írigcratloo Charactcristics of AC and OC Motors ................... 132-133 rrcssurc-Enthalpy Chart- R-11 . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · olor Full-Load Amperes .......................... . ..... 134 Pressurc-Enthalpy Chart- R-12 · · .. · · .. · .... · · .. · · .. · · · · · · · Uscful Electrical Formulas ...................... . ..... . .. 135 sure-Enthalpy Chan- R-22 ........................... . ' rigeration Property Thbles- R-22 ......... · · · · · · · · · · · · · 65- cls aod Combustion rcssurc-Enthalpy Chart- R-123 ...................... ... .. Pressurc-Enthalpy Chart- R-134a .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . ngine Sizing Thbles · · .. · · .. · · · · .. · · .. · .. · .. · ............ 136 Refrigeration Propcrty Thbles- R-134a ........... . .. .. . . . . 70- as Pipe Sizing Thble · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .. . ........ 137 ressurc-Enthalpy Chart- R-502 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cating Valucs of Fuels ............................. . .. .. 138 ressure-Enthalpy Chart- R-717 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . uel Oil Pipe Sizing Table · · · · · · · · · .. · · ... . .. . .... . .. . .. .. 139 efrigeration Properly Thbles-R-717 . . ............ . . .. . .. 75Refrigeranl Line Capacities-R-22 ... .. .. . ... ... .. . . ..... 78 wning and Operatlng ction Line Capacities- R-22 ...... . .. .. .. .. ........ ... 82- wning and Operating Cost Data .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. ....... 140-141 ction Riser Capaciúes- R-22 .. . .......... ... . ..... . ... 84-~·re Cycle Cosls and Present Worth Factors .... . .. . .. .. . . . .. 142 frigcrant Line Capacities- Ammonia (R-717) .......... . . 86- uipment Service Life ......... .... . .... . .... . ..... . .... 143 frigerant Line Sizing- R-134a ... . .... .. . ..... .. . ... .. . . . . aintenance Costs .. . ... ................... .. . .. . . ... ... 144
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IVAC Load lníormatlo n E und and Vlbrallon urfacc Conductance and Emittance Valucs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ceptable HVAC Noise Levels ............. . ..... . . .. .. ... 145 'herma! Resistances of Air Spaces ......... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · C Curves . .......... . ............................ . ... . 146 Heat 'Ilansmission for Fencstration ....... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .f!yp¡caJ Fan Sound Power Levels .................... . .. . . . . 147 Thermal Properti~s .ºr Materials ·: · · · · · · .... · .. · · .. · · · · · · 94-fü.P¡caJ Equipmeot Noise Levels ........................... 148 hermal Conducuv1ty ~or. lndustnal lnsul · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 100-l~¡vc Duct Sound Attenuators ........................... 149 J-Factors for ~e~ Bu1ld111~ · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · . 102-lfvibration lsolator Sclcction ....................... . ... 150-151 Underground P1p111g lnsulauon ........................... JI Max. and Min. Earth lemperaturcs ............. . ....... . · . Ir: ! 1 11 Co ntrols · · · · · · · · · · · · · · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152-157 r So'ls erma1 C on d uct 1.V1'ty 1or 1 and Rocks ................. . u orna e of C LTD/CLF Equations ....................... . 11 l urnmary h LTDs for Aat Roofs ................................ 108-lpcoeral Approximate CLTDs for Sunlit Walls ................. . . . 110-1,(\ir-Co o.d itioning Formulas ............................... 158 Solar Cooling Load for Sunlil Glass ................... . . l13-lf:onvcrs100 Factors · · · · · · · · · · · ....................... 159-162 hadiog Cocfficients for Olass .............. . .......... . . . 1 efrigerating Effcct from Display Fixturcs ........ . ...... .. .. tlndex ........................................ . .. . .. 163-164
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PREFACE
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This Pocket Guide was developed to serve as a ready reference fo · engineers whose mobility keeps them from easy access to thc larg~ ASHRAE Handbooks. Much of the information is taken fro the four vol u mes of thc ASHRAE Handbook series and abridged rcduced to fil the smaller page sizc. Other sources includ the Cooling and Heating Load Calcu/ation Manual published bJ ASHRAE in 1991; Industria/ Ventílation: A Manual o/ Recommendel Practice, 21st Edition, published in 1989 by Thc American Conferena of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; and Numbers published il 1985 by W. Holláday and the late C. Otterholm.
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This third edition of the Pocket Guide, which was first published it 1987, was compiled by Frcdcrick W. Kohloss and cditcd by Robcrt A Parsons with thc guidance of thc Society's Special Publications Com mittee. Previous major contributors wcre Carl W. Mahee, Griffitl C. Burr, Jr., and Harry E. Rountree.
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0.01 _--;;-~-·-~-:--<'---~-~~J..L....L..L.U:..U 50 100 200 500 1000 AIA QUANTITY, cfm at 0.075 lb/ft3 Frlclio n Cbart
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2000 5000 10,000 AIR QUANTITY, cfm at 0.0751bflt3 Fricllon Chart
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l.gtll. Adj.• 6
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14.0 IS.3 16.S 14.7 16.1 17.4 15.3 16.8 18.2 IS.9 17.5 18.9 16.S 18.1 19.6
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IS.7 16.7 17.S 19.1 20.S 21.8 22.9 24.0 2S.0 26.0
17.1 18.7 17.6 19.3 18.1 19.8 20.3
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l)'plcal Deslgn Velocitles for HVAC Compo nents
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ISO to 350
Refer to mfg. data Refer to mfg. data
fDEHUMIDIFY INO COILSd
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AI R WASHERSt Spray'JYpe Cell:Jype High-Velocity, Spray:Jype
300 to 600 Refer to mfg. data 1200to 1800
ªBased on assumptions prcsented in text. from Chaptcr IO, 1988 Equipment Volumc. ¡cAbstracted from Chaptcr 9, 1988 Equipmcnt Volumc. d Abstracted from Chaptcr 6, 1988 Equipment Vol u me. eAbstracted from Chaptcr 4, 1988 Eq uipmcnt Volume. b Abstractcd
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FILTERSb Filters: Viscous lmpingement Dry-'JYpe, Extended-Surface: Flat (Jow efficiency) Pleated media (intermediate efficiency) HEPA Renewable Media Filters: Moving-Curtain Viscous lmpingement Moving-Curtain Dry-Media Electronic Air Cleaners: Ionizing 'JYpe
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Fan Laws•,b For Ali Fan Laws: 'hl ; 'hl 1nd (PI. of Rt&.) 1 •(PI. of Rt¡.)1
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Oc ªThc 1ubscrip1 1 denotes that the variable is for thc fa n under consideration. bThe subK ript 2 denotes that the variable is for thc tcstcd fan .
. p rs Used In Establishinl! Fhture . . .. Pertment arame 1e · Unless otherw1se 1denuf1ed, fan performance data are Parameter lntake Louver Exhaust Louv ~ased on dry air at standard conditions 14.696 psi and 70 ----~~~:!,____ _ __!:=:::...:::::.:.~=-'----1~ (0.075 Jbm/ft3 ). In actual applications, the fan may be reMinimum Free Arca (48-in. Squarc ui red to handle air or gas at sorne olher density. The change 45 45 Test Scctíon), 07o • • N A I' bln density may be because of temperature, composition of Water Pcnctration, oz/ (ft2 ·0.25 h) Ncg~gtbbc ) 01 PP ica he gas, or altitude. As indicated by the Fan Laws, the fan ( css 1 an · ~rformance is affected by gas density. With constant size Maximum S1atic Prcssurc Drop, nd spced, the horsepower and pressure varies directly as the .25 0 ~i~ n .~o~r~wa~tc~r:__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _o:::·.:.:15:__----- 41liltio of gas density to the standard air density. 1
1
8
2
9
The application of the Fan Laws for a change in fan speed, N, for a specific sizc fan is shown. The computed P, curve is derived from the base curve. For example, point E(N = 650) is computed from point D(N2 = 600) as 1 follows: Al D, Q2 = 6 and Pl/1 = 450 Using Fan Law la al point E Q1 = 6 X 650/ 600 = 6.5 Using Fan Law lb 2 p tfi "' 450 X (650/600) = 530 The completed P , N = 650 curve thus may be generated 11 by computing addihonal points from data on the base curve, such as point O from point F. If equivalcnt points of rating are ed, as shown by thc dotted lines, thesc points will all lic on parabolas wbich are defined by thc rclationship expressed in Eq l. 600
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VOWME FLOW RATE.
10
10
8
º·clm " 1000
(U. "
IOOOI
Psychrometric Chut 11
Tumperalure and Allilude Correction
MOISTUAE ANO AIR
Temperah1re-Denslty*
RELATIONSHIPS • ASHRAE hes •dopted pounds of molsture per pound of drv a lr as standard nomenclatur•. Relations of other unlu ar• .,1pressed below et v•rious dewpoint temperatures. Par cent Grains I Equiv. Lb H20 I Paru per Molsture %b lb drv a ir• mi Ilion lb drv • Ir F Oew Pt.
1
1 1
I:
1 1 1 1 1
1
1·
- 100 90 80 70 60 50 - 40 30 - 20 10
o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 a
b
0.000001 0 .000002 0 .000005 o 00001 0 .00002 0 .00004 0 .00008 0.00015 0.00026 0 .00046 0.0008 0.0013 0.0022 0.0032 0 .0052 0 .0077 0.011 1 0.01 58 0 .0223 0 .0312 0.0432
1 2 5 10 21 42 79 146 263 461 787 1 315 2 152 3 154 5 213 7 658 11 080 15 820 22 330 31 180 43 190
0.0007 0 .0016 0.0035 0 .073 0.1 48 0.291 0.555 1.02 1.84 3.22 5.51 9.20 15. 1 24.2 36.5 53.6 77.6 110.7 156.3 218.3 302.3
0 .06 0.13 0 .26 0 .5 0 .9 1.7 2.9 5.0 8.3 13.6 21.8 33.0 48.4 70.2 100.0
Temp.
ºF
o 70 100 150 200 2SO 300
3SO 400 450
soo 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1,000
Den sil y factor
Wt. per
1.IS2 1.000 0.946 0.869 0.803 0.747 0.697 0.654 0.616 0.582 O.S52 0.525 0.500 0.477 0.457 0.438 0.421 0.404 0.390 0.376 0.363
0.0864 0.0749 0.0709 0.0651 0.0602
Allltude-Oensily** Ele\'lltlon Air denslty Density (l. lb./cu. {l. faclor
cu. r1.
o
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1,000 1,500 2,000 2,SOO 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 S,000 5,500 6,000 6,SOO 7,000 7,500 8,000 8,500 9,000 9,500 10,000
O.OS60 O.OS22 0.0490 0.0462 0.0436 0.0414 0.0393
0.0315 0.0358 0.0342 0.0328 0.0315 0.0303 0.0292 0.0282 0.0272
•Table bascd on 29.92 in. Hq. •Dry air at 70ºF
7000 gr•lns • 1 lb Compared to 70 F saturatea .
Normallv th• sensible h••t l•ctor determines the Cfm requored 10 accept a load. In sorne Indust rial applications the latent heat factor m•v control th• air circulation rate. Latent hHt. Btu/h Thu!i Cfm • IW1 - W2) " 4840 • NUMBERS. 1985, Altadena, CA. by 8111 HoClad•Y and Cy Otterholm.
12
13
0.o7S 0.0736 0.0723 0.0710 0.0697 0.0684 0.0672 0.0659 0.0647 0.0635 0.0623 0.0612 0.0600 0.0589 0.0578 0.0567 0.0557 0.0546 0.0536 0.0525 0 .051 5
1.0 0.982 0.964 0.947 0.930 0 .913 0.896 0.880 0.864 0.848 0.832 0.817 0.801 0.786 0.772 0.757 0.743 0.729 0.715 0.701 0.688
•
-----
-
Enthalpy of A.ir at Various Wd Bulb Teroperatures Par1 l
Condt nscd Table. 40WB - 90WB
Par11-
lnte,.,,olat~ to TtnthJ of 0qrttS, 40 WB -19.9 WB• Wet Btu Wtt \\et Btu Btu Wt t Bulb Wet Btu Bulb Ptr Btu Wt t Bulb Per Btu Wt t Bulb Pt r Tt mp. Per Bulb Ttmp. Pound Ttmi>- Pound Bulb Ptr Bulb Pt r TtmP. Pound Ttmp. Pound "nmp. Pound Tcmp. Pound 70.0 30.06 65.0 SS .O 23.22 60.0 26.46 .1 . 1 30.14 17.65 so.o 20.30 26.53
Bl• Wt l Bulb Per Pound Temp. Pound Btu
Pcr
34.09 75.0 38.61 . 1 38.71 34. 18 .2 38.80 .2 34.26 .3 38.90 .3 34.35 .4 38.99 .4 34.43 39.09 70.5 34.S2 75.5 .6 39.19 .6 34.61 .7 39.28 .7 34.69 .8 39.38 .8 34.78 .9 39.47 .9 34.86 71 .0 34.95 76.0 39.S7 .1 39.67 . 1 35.04 .2 39.77 .2 35 . 13 .3 39.87 .3 3S.21 .4 39.97 .4 35.30 40.07 71 .5 35.39 76.5 .6 40.17 .6 35.48 .7 40.27 .7 35.57 37 .8 40. .8 3S.65 ......., .9 .9 ,~ _74
45.0 .1 40.0 15.23 . 1 23.28 ,1 20.36 .2 30.21 .2 26 .60 . 1 17.70 . 1 lS.28 .2 23.34 20.41 .2 .3 30.29 17.75 .2 .3 26.67 23.41 .2 lS .32 .3 20.47 .3 .4 30.37 .4 26.74 .3 11.80 .3 lS.37 .4 23.47 20.S2 .4 .4 17.85 .4 15.42 60.5 26.81 65.5 30.4S 23 .S3 ss.s so.s 20.S8 .6 30.S2 .6 26.87 _. 40.S lS.47 4S .5 17.91 .6 23.S9 .6 20.64 .7 30.60 .6 17.96 .7 26.94 ~ 1 .6 lS .51 .7 23.65 20.69 .7 .8 30.68 .7 18.01 .8 27.01 .7 IS. S6 .8 23.72 20.75 .8 .9 30.1S .8 18.06 .9 27.08 .8 IS.61 .9 23.78 20.80 .9 18.11 .9 30.83 66.0 .9 IS .65 27.17 23.84 61.0 . 1 30.91 18.16 SI.O 20.86 56.0 . 1 27 .22 41.0 15.70 46.0 . 1 23.90 20.92 . 1 .2 30.99 . 1 18.21 .2 27.29 . 1 15.7S .2 23.97 .2 20.97 .3 31.07 .2 18.26 27.36 .3 .2 tS.80 24.03 .3 .3 21.03 .4 31.15 .3 18.32 .4 27 .43 .3 IS .84 24.10 .4 .4 21.09 .4 18.37 66.S 31.23 ,4 15.89 27.SO 61.S S6.S 24.16 .6 31.30 46.5 18 .42 St.S 2i.IS .6 27.57 41.S 15.94 .6 24.22 .6 21.20 ,7 31.38 .6 18.47 .7 27.64 24.29 .6 IS.99 .7 .7 21.26 .8 31.46 .7 18.52 .8 27.71 .7 16.04 24.35 .8 .8 21.32 .9 31.S4 .8 18.58 .9 27.78 .8 16.08 . ·.9 24.42 .9 21.38 .9 18.63 .9 16.13 .1 :1 .J> ..Y.l . t 'JL1ó~ . 1 17.92 . 1 24.S4 'Zl ~4'Y •v-•• ' º· " .2 .2 36.01 .2 31.78 .2 27.99 .2 24.61 .2 21.SS .2 18.79 .2 16.27 .3 36.10 .3 .3 31 .86 .3 28.07 . 3 24.67 .3 21 .61 .3 18.84 .3 16.32 .4 .4 36.19 .4 31 .94 .4 28.14 .4 24.74 .4 21 .67 .4 18.89 .4 16.37 72.5 36.29 77.5 67.S 32.02 28.21 62.S 24.80 21 .7) 57.S 52.5 42.S 16.42 47.5 18.95 .6 .6 36.38 .6 32 . 10 .6 28.28 .6 24.86 .6 21.78 .6 19.00 .6 16.46 .7 .7 36.47 .1 32. 18 .7 28.35 .1 24.93 .1 21.84 .1 19.05 .7 16.51 .8 .8 36.56 .8 32.26 .8 28.43 .8 24.99 .8 21.90 .8 19.10 .8 16.56 .9 .9 36.6S .9 32.34 .9 28.50 .9 2S.06 .9 21.96 .9 19.16 .9 16.61 78.0 73.0 36.74 53.0 22.02 SS.O 25.12 63 .0 28.S7 68.0 32.42 48.0 19.21 43.0 16.66 .1 . 1 36.83 .1 32.SO . 1 28 .64 . 1 25 . 19 . 1 22 .08 . 1 19.26 . 1 16.71 .2 .2 36.92 .2 32.59 .2 28.72 .2 2S.25 .2 22.14 .2 19.32 .2 16.76 .3 .3 37.02 .3 32.67 .3 28.79 .3 2S.32 .3 22.20 .3 19.37 .3 16.81 .4 37. 11 .4 .4 32.75 .4 28.87 .4 2S.38 .4 22.26 .4 19.43 .4 16 .86 25.45 63.5 28.94 68.S 32.84 73.S 37.20 78.5 <:n 1 43 .5 16.91 48.5 19.48 53 .5 22.32 58.S .6 .6 37.29 .6 32.92 .6 29.01 .6 25.52 .6 22.38 .6 19.53 .6 16.9S .7 .7 37.39 .7 33.00 .7 29.09 .7 25.S8 .1 22.44 .7 19.59 .7 17.00 .8 37.48 .8 .8 33 .08 29.16 .8 25 .65 22 .SO .8 .8 .8 19.64 .8 17.0S .9 .9 37.57 .9 33. 17 .9 29.24 .9 2S.71 .9 22.56 .9 19.70 .9 17. 10 74.0 37.66 79.0 33.25 29.31 69.0 64.0 25 .78 S9.0 44 .0 17. IS 49.0 19.75 54.0 22.62 .1 . 1 37.76 . 1 33 .33 . 1 29.39 1 25.85 . 1 22.68 .1 19.81 . 1 17.20 .2 .2 37.85 .2 33 42 29.46 .2 25.92 22.74 . 2 19.86 .2 .2 .2 17.25 .3 .3 37 .95 .3 33.SO .3 29.54 .3 2S.98 .3 22.80 .3 19.92 .3 17.30 .4 .4 38.04 .4 33.S9 .4 29.61 .4 26.05 .4 22.86 .4 19.97 .4 17.35 S9.S 26.12 64.5 29.69 69.5 33 .67 74.S 38.14 79.S 44. 5 17.40 49.5 20.03 54.5 22.92 .6 .6. 38.23 .6 33 .7S .6 29.76 .6 26. 19 .6 22 .98 .6 20.08 .6 17.45 .7 .7 38.33 .7 33 .84 .7 29.84 .7 26.26 .7 23 .04 .1 20. 14 .7 17.50 .8 .8 38.42 .8 33.92 .8 29.9 1 .8 26.32 .8 23. 10 .8 20. 19 .8 17.55 .9 .9 38.52 .9 34.0 1 .9 29.99 .9 26.39 .9 23.16 .9 20.25 .9 17.60
~
~-º'
40.77 40.87 40.97 41.08 41.18 41.28 41.38 41.48 41.58 41.68 41.79 4 1.89 42.00 42.10 42.20 42.31 42.41 42.S2 42.62 42.73 42.83 42.94 43.0S 43 . 16 43.26 43.37 43.48 43.S8
Wtt Btu Bulb Pt r Tcmp. Pound 40 41 42 43 44 4S 46 47 48 49 so Sl S2 53 S4 SS 56
51 58 59
IS.23 15.10 16.17 16.66 17. lS 17.6S 18.16 18.68 19.21 19.7S 20.30 20.86 21.44 22.02 22.62 23.22 23.84 24.48 2s.12 25.78
27.8S 28.S7 29.31 30.06 30.83 31 .62 32.42 33 .25 34.09 34.9S 35.83 36.74 37.66 38.61 39.57 40.S7 41.S8 42.62 80 43 .69 44.78 81 45.90 82 47.f>' 83 48.22 84 49.43 as 86 S0.66 87 51 .93 Sl .23 88 89 54.56 90 S5.93
62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1
1
1
1
1
PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM* Temp, Pressure
ºF
p
Spec vol, cu ft/lb Vg
U.S. Ambient Air Quality Standards
Enthatpy, Btu/lb Satwater vaporatlon hf hfg Sulfur oxides
8.28 26.86 47.05 69.10
, 071.1 1060.6 1049.2 1036.6
173.7. 118.7 90.63 73.52 61.98 53.64 47.34 42.40 38.42
93.99 109.37 120.86 130.13 137.94 144.76 150. 79 156.22 161. 17
1022.2 1013.2 1006.4 1001 .0 996.2 992.1 988.5 985.2 982.1
201.96 209.56 212.00 227.96
32.40 28.04 26.80 20.09
169.96 177.61 180.07 196.16
976.6 971.9 970.3 960.1
30 40 50 60
250.33 267.25 281.01 292.71
13.75 10.50 8.515 7.175
218.82 236.03 250.09 262.09
945.3 933.7 924.0 915.5
1164. 1169. 1174.I 1177.
70 80 90 100
302.92 312.03 320.27 327.81
6.206 5.472 4 .896 4.432
272.61 282.02 290.56 298.40
907.9 901.1 894.7 888.8
1180. 1183. 1185. 1187.
120 140 160 180 200
341.25 353.02 363.53 373.06 381 . 79
3.728 3.220 2.834 2.532 2.228
312.44 324.82 335.93 346.03 355.36
877.9 868.2 859.2 850.8 843.0
, 190. 1193. 1195. 1196. 1198.
0.25 in. Hg 0 .50 1.00 2 .00
40.34 56.80 79.03 101 .14
2 psia 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
126.08 141.48 152.97 162.24 170.06 176.85 182.86 188. 28 193.21
12 14 14.696 20
2423.7 1256.4 652.3 339.2
80µg/m 3
Annual (arithmetic mean) 24 h t
(0.03 ppm¡ 36Sµglm
IJOOµg/m 3 (O.S ppm) 10mg/m 3
10mg/m3 (9ppm) 40 mg/m 3t (35 ppm) Annual IOOµg/m 3 (arithmetic mean) (O.OS ppm) 1 ht 240 µg/ml (0.12 ppm) 3h 160 µ/gml (nonmethanc)• (6 to 9 A.M.) (0.24 ppm) l..ead 1.5 µg/ml 3 mos. *A nonhealth·relatcd standards used as a guide for oz.one control fNot to be exceeded more than once ayear fEPA has proposed a reduction of the standard 10 29 mg/m 3
1127.3 1131.1 1134.2 Nitrogen dioxide 1136. 1139. Oione 1141. 1143. Hydrocarbons
..
16
Secondary Standard l.evels 60 µg/m 3 150µg/m 3
Time l..e'l·els Annual (geomctric mean) 75 µg/m 3 24ht 260µg/m 3
(0.14ppm)
Abr;dye
* NUMBERS, 1985, Altadena, CA, by 8111 Holladay and Cy Otterholm.
Primary Standard
Averaglng
tt.t
•
/
tt.Oo
9'.0o
/
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/
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/
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/
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f
./ ./
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V
o
./
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./
'º·ºº
I
/
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10.00
O.O!
160µ/gm3 (0.24 ppm) l.S µg/ml
/
/
/
30.00
o'º
/ /
/
to.oo
....
1 00
(0.12ppm)
V
"·' o
30.00 4000
(9 ppm)
40mg/mJ (3S ppm) IOOµg/m 3 (O.OS ppm) 240µglm 3
º"
Pa1H1C1.'
.
01aM[f(*, M1C•OMtHt[
'º
Particle Si:ie Distribulion of Atmospheric Dust 17
10
Electronlc A ir C leaners
8
Eleclronic air cleaners use electroslatic prccipitalion 10 remove and collecl par· ticulatc conlaminants such as dust, smoke. and pollcn. Wires with a positiw dirccl currenl potcnlial of bclwcen 6 and 25 kV DC are suspended equidistan! belween grounded plalcs, creatin¡¡ an ionizing field for charging patticles. Thc colleclina plate section consists of parallcl platcs with a positivc vollagt of 4 lo 10 kV (de) applicd to altcrnatc platcs. Platcs that are nol charged are at ground po1ential. As parlicles inlo this section, they are forced lo thc platel by lhc clectríc flcld on thc chargcs lhey carry, and thus are removed from the air· strcam and collcctcd by thc pla1cs. Elcctronic air clcancrs typically operatc from a l:ZO.. or 240-V AC singlc-phasc electrical service. Power consump1ion rangcs from 20 lo 40 walls pcr 1000 cfm
"'
of capacity. This type of air filler can removc and collect airbornc contaminants with aves age cfficiencics of up lo 98G7o at low airílow velocitics (ISO to 350 fpm) whe lcstcd per thc ASHRAE Standard 52.1. Efficicncy dccreascs (1) as the collecling pi ates t>ecome loaded wilh particulalcs, (2) wilh highcr vclocities, or (3) wit t
~I
o ..... V
nonuniform vclocity. As with most air filtration dcvices, the duct approaches to and from lhe aiI clcancr housina should be arran¡¡ed so that thc airflow is distributed uniforml ovcr the facc arca. prefillersshould also be uscd to helpdistribute thc air now and lo trap largc particles thal mlght short out or cause cxcessivc arci
o
00
withín thc hl&h -voitage section.
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POSITill(LY
CHARGlD ,..ATICL.E
C ross Secllon or l onlzing EJectronlc Air Cleaner
18
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Soul'(:es, Possible Concentrations, and lndoor-to-Outdoor Concentration Ratios of Some lndoor Pollutants Pollutant Carbon monoxidc Respirable particlcs Organic vapors Nitrogen dioxide 1\)
o
Possible lndoor 1/ 0 Conc~nConcentration• tralion Ratio
Sourcesof lndoor Pollution
Sulfur dioxide Tutal suspended particles without smoking Sulfate Formaldchyde
Combuslion cquipment, engincs, JOOppm fauhy heating systcms Stovcs, fi~laces, ci&arcttcs, coodcn100 to SOO µglm 3 satioo of volatilcs, aerosol sprays, resuspcnsion, cooking. Combustioo, solvents, resin products, NA pcsticides, aerosol sprays Combustion, gas stovcs, water bcaters, 200 to 1000 µglm 3 dricrs, cigarettcs, engincs Hcating systcm 20µglm 3 Combustion, resuspcnsion, hcating 100 µglm 3 systcm Matches, gas stoves Sµg/ m3 lnsu.l atioo, product bindcrs, O.OS to 1.0 ppm particleboard 3 Building materials, groundwaier, soil 0.1 to nCitT Fíreproofing < 10 fibcr/m NA Products, cloth, rugs, wallboard
>>I
Combustion, humans, pcts Hurnans, pcts, rodents, insects, plants, fungi, hurnidificrs, air condilioners Elect.ric arcing UV light sources
Ozone
~g
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s:[~
.... !f a a ~~ a· s· - g - .... 9~
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Homes, schools, offices Homes, hospitals, schools, officcs, public Airplancs Officcs
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Homes, buildings Homes, schools, offices Homes, schools. offices
1
20ppb 200ppb
Q
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3000 p pm NA
¡;
Removal insidc Homes. officcs. transpor· tation, restaurants Removal inside Homes, officcs
o o=..
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Homes, restaurams, public facilities, officcs. hospitals Homes, slcating rinlcs
>l
=.. •. 5..,-· Oi. :e·~ : ~ :r,...09;' -:: ~
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Skaling rinks, officcs, homes, cars, sbops Homes, officcs. can, public facilities, bars. restaurants
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loo
R.adoo and progeoy Asbestos Mineral and synthetic fibers Carbon dioxidc Viable organisms
Location
a.
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t: g~~
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Q = V(IOx2 + A)
H ood Capture Velocitles Tu select an adequate volumetric flow ratc to withdraw air througl!
a hood, designers use the concept of capture velocities, which are air velocities al the point of cont.aminanl generation. The contaminan! enters the moving airstream at the point of gcneration and is conducted along with the air into the hood. The table shows capture vclocilics for severa! industrial operations, based on successful cxperience under ideal conditions.
Q • flow rate, cfm V • capture velocily, fl/min X • distancc from hood face, fl A • hood face arca, ft 2
Range of Capture Velocitles Condltlo n of Contamlnant Dispcrslon
Examplcs
Relcased with essentially Evaporation from tanks, degreasing, plating no velocity into still air Relcased at low velocity Container filling, lowspccd convcyor transfers, into moderately stiU air welding
Capture (Control) Veloclty, fp11 50 to 100
r
IOOto 200
Barre) filling, chute load- 200to 500 ing of convcyors, crushing, cool shakcout 500 to2000 Released at high velocity Grindin¡, abrasive blasting, tumbling, hot into zone of very ra pid shakeout air motion
Active generalion into zone of rapid air motion
In each category above, a range of capture velocities is shown. proper choice of values depends on severa) factors. 1.Jpper End of Rangc Lower E nd of Range 1. Distributing room air curren l. Room air currents are favorable to capture. 2. Conlaminants of low toxicity 2. Contaminants of hi¡h toxici or of nuisance value only. 3. lotermittent, low production. 3. H igh production, heavy us 4. Small hood; local control o 4. Large hood; large air mass in motíon.
o ri llJ
ti
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11.
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8~2~2~i
g
1oor-,,-.--,.--,,...-...---.--.-.....---.-~~--l
§
90 t--+-+--t--l-1-+-1--1--...¡..._l--L_.l
~801-t\--t--+--+--lr--+-+--1---1--l-_.lf.-.i > ~ 70t-+-'d--t--+--l~l--+-+--l--+--ll--I ~ sor-t-~-t--+--+--1'--+--l--1---1---l.--l ~50t-+-+-..ot--+-+~i--+--l-_¡..._¡,._J__,J
ffi 40t--t--t-r...+--+--+--+--+--+-~-l.---I > < 30t--t-+--t--+:...+.....,f--+-+-+--I-~~ t--
~... :~i-r-11rrt-rttti:L o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
OUlWAAD OISTANCE FAOM PIPE MOUTH, PEACENT OF O
Veloclly Conto urs fo r a Plaln Rouod Openlng
22
23
Hood Eotry Loss
Contaminant Tnlnsport Velocities Adaptcd írom Industrial Ventilation- A Manual of Rttommended Practkts (ACGIH 1988)
Min1m1111
Nature
or
Contaminan! Vapors, gases, smoke Fumes
Examples Ali vapors, gases, smokes
Traosport Veloclty, fpm Usually 1000 to
2000 200010 2500 2500to 3000 3000 to
Welding
Very fine Cotton lint, wood flour, litho powder light dust Ory Fine rubber dust, Bakclite molding powder dusts and dusL, jutc lint, cotton dust, shavings (light), 4000 powders soap dust, leather shavings Average Grindiog dust, buffing lint (dry), wool jute dust 3500 to industrial (shaker waste), coffee beans, shoe dust, granite dust dust, silica flour, general material handling, brick 4000 cutting, clay dust, foundry (general), limestonc dust, packaging and weighing asbestos dust in textilc industries Sawdust (heavy and wet), metal tumings, foundry 4000 Hcavy to tumbling barreis and shakeout, sandblast dust, dusts 4500 wood blocks, hog waste, brass turnings, castiron boring dust, lead dust 4SOO Heavy L.ead dust with small chips, moist cement dust, and or moist asbestos chunks from transite pipe cutting up dusts machines, buffing lint (sticky), quicklirnc dust
Whcn air cnters a hood, a loss of total prcssurc occurs; thc hood mtry /oss is: h, = CofJ,
where h, • hood entry loss, in. or water C0 • loss íacior, dimension tcss p, • appropriate velocity pressure, in. oí water
Tutal prcssure is difficult to measure, since it varies across a d uct, depending on local velocity. On thc other hand, static pressure remains constant across a straight duct. Therefore, a single measurement of 1tatic pressure in a straight duct downstream of the hood can monitor thc volumctric flow rate. The valuc of this static pressure, hood suction, is givcn by:
Phs = Pv + h, whcrep.u = hood suction, in. of water
b. FLANGED OUCT ENO
L PlAIN DUCT ENO
c. •0.60
c. •1.0
c.
ORIFICE AT OUCT E.NO
e, -1.1e
(USEP. OFORIFICE)
..•
.J • ..
FACEAREAAT LEASTZTIMES
~
DUCTAREA
...... ~ .... ~
FAC! ...REAAT l.!MT2TIME8
DUCTAREA
. ,.
t; • • < •
~
.
.
ffi
...... ....,. o 10
0
RECT'"NOULAR l SQU• E
~
- -- --
,I'. l.-
V
,
, ROUNO
I040HMNIOltol.ottOIM
.. INClUOEO ANGlE IN OEGREES d. TAPEREOHOOOS FLANGEDOR UNFLANGEO: AOUNO, IOUAAE OA RECTANGULAR flSTI1E MAJOAANOlEON RECTANOUlARHOODS.
1 1
En try Losses for lYp ical H oods
24
25
Duets 6' on c enter moxlmum
Oucts 6º on cente,. (mox.) for lo,.ge hoods
roce or ends can opentd for fllter rtmovot - - - -- 6'º mln.
ovtr'hong on three 1fdu
r1111r mounllng holgh l See note 4 below,
Coo)(1ng equipmenl , HOOO ACAINST WALL O • 80 cfm/11 of hood oreo (80 WI.) Hol tou thon 50 cfm/fl' of foco oreo (50 PH) p • per-lmeter or hood ; 2W + l Ouct v etoclty :: 1000 - .COOO fpm. to 1ult conditfons h , • {ffllor tHlslonce + 0.1") + 0 .50 VP, (alro19hl toko-off) i.. • (flllor rulslonce + 0.1") + 0.25 VP, ( toporod toko -oll)
l - - -- - -" Cookin9 tquipment
Cloaed t nds dtalrobl•
LOW SIOC WALL HOOO 200 clm/lineol 11 of cooklng 1urloc• {200l) Mlnimum duct velocity = 1000 4000 tpm, to 1uit CO!"lditions h : {filler res;stonee + 0.1") • 0 .50 VP, ( alrolghl 1oke-ofl) h: • (filler reslstonce + 0. t") + 0 . 25VP, (lopered loke-off)
Q •
6' moximum
Kitchen Range lloods
E::3:::t::f::1:::t::1::3:::t::3 6" m1n. overhong
H='' mox.
oll 1ldu
tslond cooklng Ot"eo
P = perimeler of hood ISLANO IYPC HOOO 2W + 2l 2 125 clm/11 of hood oreo ( 125 WL) Nol IHs 1hon 50 cfm/11 1 of foco oroo (50 PH) Mlnlmum duc l veloclty 1000 - ~000 fpm, to sull condillons h, • (flllor rt1lslonc1 + 0.1") + 0.50 VP, (alrolghl toke -off) h, • (flllor reolalonce + O. t") + 0.25 VP, (topored toke·off) O •
=
Kitchen Range Hoods R~prin~ w~th pcrmission oflhc American ConfCTCncc of 00\ICTrunental Jndus· lrlal Hwenuts for Industrial Ventilation-A Manual ofRecommended Pmctice, 21st Edítion (1992).
26
t
•
t::3:::t::1::3:::t::t::3:::t::3 H•4' max.
~-
Notes for Kltchen Hood• Fllters 1. Select praetical filler size. 2. Determine number of filters requlred lro manufac:turer's data. (Usually, 2 cfm maximum exhaust for each square inch ol filler area.) 3. lnstall at 45º - 60º to horizontal. Never horizontal. 4. Alter mounling height a. No exposed oooking flame- 18" mlnimum to lowest edge <_>f filler. b. Charcoal and similar fires-4' mlnlmum to lowest edge ol ftlter. 5. Shleld lilters from dlrect radlant heat. 6. Provlde removable g1ease drlp pan. 7. Clean pan and lilters regularly. Fana 1. Use upblasl discharge tan. 2. Select fan lor design Q and SP resistance ol filters and duct. 3. Adjust tan specificatíon lor expected exhaust alr temperatura. Reprinled with pennission oflhcAmerican ConfCTCnceofGovernmental Industrial H)'licnists for Industrial Venlílation-A Manual ofRecommended Pmctlct, 21st Editfon (1992).
Common Pump , Symbols, a nd Formulas (xhousl duct Optlonol room otr
by-pou dou not
Adjustobl• top 1101
apen unlil 1osh IJ cloHd 25""-30"4
So1h clo1u by - pou when rolaed
Term
Sym bol
Unils
Velocity
V
ít/s
Volume
V
ft 3 gpm
Flow rate
Q.
íhced center stot
Pressure
p
psi
Aeor bofffe
1Hdln9 ponefs
Density
p
lb/ft 3
Receued bottom
Acceleralion of gravity
g 32.17 ft/s 2
A1rtoll ¡omb tr.4ov•oble sosh --.µ..,...::;..;
con "'ove horlzontol
A1rto1I sill
Specific gravity
VERTICAL SASH AIR FOIL HOOO
ror 1otety sh1eld, ot leost one sosh 16.. mow. w1dlh
O
= 80-100
t:fm/t 1' fulf open oreo dtpendlng on quollly of 1upply
oir dislrtbution ond uniformlty of foce veloclty
h," 0.5 VPd Ouct · velocity •
1000- 2000 fpm to
sult condltion1 Alrfoil
1111
n
rpm
Head
H
ft
Net positive suction head (NPSH)
H
ft
Utilization Qo e design flow QA "' actual flow H D = design head HA = actual head
Output pawer (pump)
l)'plcal Laboratory Hood
1
'Y/p 1/m r¡, r¡.
= 1'/p'Y/m/100
r¡, "' 10- • 1/p'Y/m1/v
r¡. 'Y/ 11
1111
= 100 QoHo QAHA
SEi "' 10-• T/¡;'Y/ 11
Po Ps
hp
Q,HSG/3960
Shaft power
hp
100 P 0 1T/p
Input powcr
P¡
kW
74.6P/T/m
~rinte
28
2.31p/SG
r¡,
System Efficiency lndex (decimal)
HORIZONTAL SASH AIRFOIL HOOO
1
Mass of liquid Mass of water at 39ºF
SG
Speed
Efficiency (percent) Pump Electric motor Variable spced drive Equipment (constan! speed pumps) Equipment (variable speed pumps)
Formula
29
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
Application of Affinity Laws
Affinlty Laws for P u m ps Jmpeller DI ameter
Specific Gravity Speed
(SG)
To Correcl for
Constant Variable Constan!
MuJUply by
Flow
( NewSpeed) Old Speed
Head
( New Speed ) 2 Old Speed
Power
( New Speed ) 3 Old Speed
...~ %
Variable
Constant Constant
Flow
( New Diameler ) Old Speed
~ o
Head
( New Diameter ) 2 Old Speed
2
Power
( New Diameter ) Old Speed
Power
( NewSG) OldSG
f
f
3
SVSTEM OUtGN
Fl.OW
Constant Constan! Variable
-·-- ---- --r· IYlt(M r UWr
lf the hydronic system has a system head curve as shown in curve A, thepumpat ll50rpm willoperateat point 1, notatpoint2, aswould be predicted by the affinily laws alo ne. lf the hydronic system has a system head curve like curve B of this figure, the pump at 1150 rpm will run at shutoff head and delivcr no water. This demonstrates that the affinity laws should be used to dcvelop new pump head/capacity curves, but not to predict performance with a particular hydronic system unless its system head curve is known. 30
31
'fypical Pump C urves
'fyplcal Pump C urves
(Curves vary with manufacturer. Courtesy of Aurora Pump Co.)
(Curves vary with manufacturer. Courtesy of Aurora Pump Co.)
32
33
1750 RPM SPLIT ~ASE
Q
ª.,. ~
~
~-
3
~ ~
e 'O
~~
a-
~
~ : Q~
e (")
~ e
'<
~
2, il
~
¡¡
'J
.,,3
Q
,;...
Low Pressure System Pipe Capacities-Pounds Per Hour Coodensate Flowing with tbe Steam Flow Nom. Pipe Size (in.)
~
Pressure Drop per 100 ft ~ psi
Y.. psi 11
3.5
3.5
~
9
1 114 1V, 2
17 36 56 108
11 21 45 70 134
2 \li 3 3 Vt 4 5
174 318 462 726 1,200
215 380 5SO 800 1,430
6 8 10 12
12
3.5
14 26 S3
16 31
84
100 194
162 258
46S 670 950 1,680
~ Yi psi Saturated Pressure (psig) 3.5 12 3.5 12.
~ psi
66
310 550 800 1,160 2,100
36 68 140 218 420
20 37 78 120 234
24 46 96 147 28S
29
35
S4 111 174 336
66
ns
460
540
660
680
660
810 1,218 1,690 3,000
960
1,160 1,700 2,400 4,250
1,190 1,740 2,450 4,380
990 1,410 2,440
1,410 1,980 3,570
138 210 410
1 psi
1 psi
psi
12
3.5
170 260 510
42 81 162 246 480
820 1,430 2,100 3,000 5,250
780 1,380 2,000 2,880 S,100
43
82
12
3.5
so 95 200 304
590 950 1,670 2,420 3,460 6,100
7,200 8,600 8,400 10,000 1,920 2,300 2,820 3,350 3,960 4,850 S,700 7,000 14,500 17,700 16,500 20,SOO 3,900 4,800 S,510 7,000 8,100 10.000 11,400 14,300 32,000 30,000 37,000 7,200 8,800 10,200 12,600 15,000 18,200 21,000 26,000 26,200 49.SOO 48,000 57,500 11,400 13,700 16,500 19,500 23,400 28,400 33,000 40,000 41,000
12 73 137
60 114 232 360 710
280
1,150 1,950 2,950 4,200 7,500
1,370 2,400 3,450 4,900 8,600
11,900 24 ,000 42,700 67,800
14,200 29,500 52,000 81,000
430 850
Thcwcight-ílow ra1esa13.5 psi¡ can besued to cover sat. press. from 1 to &psig, and thcrates at 12 psi¡ can be used tocover sat. prcss. from 8 to 16 psig with an error not cxcccdin¡ 8 pcrcent.
=r-;&.~~ ~ --
--------Wl'j'"w•~~V~l~
-=~~--T..:...
......
~
-- - - - - - - - - - Medium Pmsore System Pipe Capmcttla (30 psll}-Pooads Pu Hour
'°"1
p.._,..°'°' ptr 100 h
PiDe~
1'pJi
(iL)
1
1
\4 psi
1
V, psi
Suopl: · ~ IS 31
22 46
69
100
107 217 358 MI 979 1,38' 2,5'() 4,210 8,750 16;2..so 25.640
1,. 313 516 940 l,414 2,000 3,642 6.030 12,640 23.4.SO 36.930
l4 1
IY< 111 2 211 3 HI 4
5 6 8 10 12
~
14
IU
2JO
31
38
44.s 790
2."000 1,590 17,860 33,200 51.320
1,575 2,MO 4,,a.so 7,zOo 10,200 19,000 ]1,000
l 311 4
s
Siul
Pipe (in.)
2.35'
S,600 10,250 15,250 21,600 40.250 M,.SOO
~ psi
~
V. psi
29
41
51
82
s
130 203 '12 683 l,2J7 1.8'5 2.62S 4,858
185 287 583 959 1,7SO 2,626 3.718
6
7.%0
8 10 12
16,$90 30.820 48.600
U
1
Yi psi
1
1
14 psi
6 ,875
43,430
68.750
'ª
117 262 401 82$
t/.
1,359 l.476 3,715 S,260 9,725 IS.9SO 33,200 61.700 97,2$0
l4
156
232
360
1 114 111 2
)ll
462
6SO 1.070 2,160 3,600 6,SOO 9.600 13,700 2.l,600 42,000
960 l.SllO 3,300 S,3SO 9,600 14,400 20.SOO 38,100
690 l,SOO l,460 4,950
2!/z
4 l
6
.s.o.so 1.400 15.JOO n,7SO n.250 60,000 H.000
62,$00
a,200 IS,000 22.300 31,600
sa.soo 96,000
1 psi
1
1 psi
]
1
S psi
6 psi
130 • 180 pslg - Mas Error 8 '70
82 16' 370 S75 ' 1,167. 1,920 3,SOO -5.2'0 7,430 13,750. 22.SSO 46,9SO n.2so 123.000
116 233 $23
113 l,6SI,2,430 •.Z!o 6,021> 8,400 IS,000
zs.200 S0,000 90,000 ISS,000
184
369 827 1.llO 2,000 3.300 6,000 8.SOO 12,300 21.200 36,SOO 70.200 130,000 200.000
JOO
sso
1,230 1,730 ),410 S,200 9,400 1),100 19,200 33.100 56,500 120,000 210,000 320.000
420 790 1.720 2.600
uzo
7,600
ll.SOO 20.000 28,000 47,SOO 80,000 170.000 300.000 470,000
1 • 20 psis - Mu RtlllrD PrHS•te
Ret•m MaiM aad Risers
3 3Yi
no
z.soo
Pressure Drop ptt 100 fl
l
l4
4
36$
l.SJO
Hi&h Pressure System Pipe Capadtles (150 psig)-Po1tnds Per Hour
1 114 ll'I 211 3 311
z.ru
lOI
Supply Mains and Ri~rs
2
116
4,,000 1,190 12,140 2.l,2SO 46.900 74,000
615 1.215 2.100 4,300 7,100 12,UO 19,1.SO 27,000 55,.SOO 13,000
l.CW
3,900 7,100 10•.s.so 1$,000 27,7$0 4$,500
l,460 2.660 4,000 5,660 10,460 17,llO 35,100 66,l.SO 104,.SOO
O· 4 psla - Mu Rebin1 P.-n
2'5 4911
1,670 l,400
1,033 1,SIO
m
9U-..
1,621 2."7 l,464 6,402< 10,240 21,8'5 40,62.s 64,0.SO
2.IJO .S,22.l
2 psi
63 12.l 211 437
167 .so
~1~
1
4$ 119 199 309
n
172
l,l
170 340 710 1,155
1 psi
MuErTorl"
63
141 219 444
Re1un1 Mal., and RiKn 1 114 111 2 211
1
\4 psi
-- r-.
~
910 l.~
J.160 6.400 10,700 19,SOO 28,700 40,SOO 76,000 125,000
S60 1,120 2.330 3,800 7,700 12,800 23,300 34,SOO 49,200 91,SOO l.S0,000
890 1,780 3,700 6.100 12,300 20.400 37,200
ss.ooo
78.lOO 146.000 231,000
{
Relurn Main and Riser Ca1 - --.-- ---- .. ..... _ ..... lld •sí"' Y, 01 JS. psior jl 02 " psl ort 02
P ipe
Orop per 100 f1
Sit:e
ladln
Wrt
"""'"
" -
1 1!4 11;1
125
l
21-1 l
~
Ory
V.e.
21)
338
206
700
470 160 1,460
)J-1
4
).llO
-" -----' j
6
-
62 1)0
1,180 1,880 2,7l0
j
~·
Ory
-14l
-
241 39J 110 J,lli) 2,1)0 3.JOO 4..180
1.970 2.910
-
-
-
48
-
11)
241 37l 7.50
---
---
-
--
-
--
71
42 JO
-
-
17l
)00
41l 1,000 1,680
48
J4.J
11)
2~
-~
·-
Ory
2~
381 m lll 7l0 1,360 2,180 3.2l0 •.480 7,ll80 12,600
--
W.o
388 l l.l 1.)60 2,180 3.2.lO 4,lOO 7,8$0 12,600
248
-
·~~un:~y~nem s-. rounas
v.c.
2.680 4,000 l.lOO
-------
47$ 1,00 1.680 2,680 4,000 l..SOO 9,680 ll..SOO
--
48
l7l
llJ
)00
248 J7l 7.50
• 7l 1,000 1.680 2,680
--
--
-250 103
)00
4.000 l..SOO 9,680 ll..SOO
42l 67.l 1.400 2,3l0 l,7l0 l.lOO 7,7l0
340 740 1.2)0 2,llO J,2)0
""° --
-
-
-
--
48 llJ 248 l7l 7l0
Ory
2,)80
3.800 l,680 7,810 13,700 22,000 249 426 674
l,420 2,330 3.800 l.680 7,110 13,700 22,000
--
-
142 249 426 674 1,420
217
--
14 psi or4 oz Drop pa 100 ft
v.c.
Ory
100 l7S
80 168 265 '1l tlO 1,7.lO 2,lOO 3,7l0
Per Hour
- - " psl orlo1 Drop 11a toe r 1
Drop per too f1
V.e.
149 236 1ll lt6I 1,l60 2,200 3Jl0
--- - -
Ris~rs
1 114 JI;\ .2 21-1 J Ji.\
Drop per 100 r1
-m
3l0 600 tlO
241 )71
w
2.00
)J.50 l.)lO 1.000 11.000
l.J60
Vi psi or 101 Drop per 100 fl
v.c.
- --- -- --- ---- ---- ---
200 3l0 600 tlO
2.000
--
48 113 248
m
7l0
----
3l0 600 tlO 2,000 3Jl0
lJlO 8,000 11.000 19,400 31.000
.,. 2B)
-
-
lJ.50 uoo lJlO 3,llO 8,000 l.)80 11,000 19,400 31.000
--------
v...
Ory
-
'41 1.340 UlO 4,730 7..S60 11.JOO 1$..SOO 27.JOO 43.800 494
848
1.)40 2,8)0 4,7)0 7.l60 11.J(IQ ll.lOO 27.J(IQ O,IOO
-
-
Genual lnformatlon on Water ity of W11ter Is usuallJ giftn as 1.0 at 60°1: H~. for some pOIJ'lH)SeS lt Is gi•en as 1.0 at 39.l º F, tlle poinl or •axl•u111 dcnsi11. ~ oa Wllltt a139.lºFas1 .0, "111tt a1 ISO °I' loas a sp
l?ºf
SOº F
60º F
7t ºF
IOº F
IOO º F
l :ZOºF
140º F
HOºF
llOº F
212°F
Absolu1• viscosi1y. centipoise.
1.70
1.31
1.12
.98
.86
.68
..56
.47
.40
.35
.28
Kincmatic viscosi1y, cnuistokcs
1.79
1.31
1.U
.98
.86
.69
.57
.45
.41
.36
.29
WriJ-1 aad l'oi . - Eq•loaltnts Coewrl 1o
Coa>Trt from
us Gallo•
ú)
"'
.8327
U.S. Gallo•
l.
Imperial CaUo a
1.201 .004329
C•bic ladl
CabkFool
7.4805
Poand•
.1198
C..1 (U.S.) '
11.98
Ton (U.S.)".
239.6
Litro
.2642
Cubic llt•trt
Imperial Gallo•
264.2
l.
.003607 6.229
.0998 9.98 199.6 .22
220.
Cable hldt
Cubk FOOI
*
.13368
231. 12.741
.000579
l.
1n8. 27.68
-
.08l45
.00418
'J.7U
.00)78
.1002
.oom
4.546
.00455
8.l45
62.42.S l.
.01602
.03121
.01
.ooos
l.
)2.04
2000.
20.0
35.31 4
2.205
2204.5
-
-
100.
.0353
Toa (US.)
.6243
1.602
61.023
-
Cabk Mttrt
.036124
l.
2765.
Ulrt
Cwt (U.S.)
10.02
.1605
*
*
Poud
.022
22.045
.05
l. .0011 1.102
-
.0164 28.317
.0283
-
.454
45.)6 906.9 l.
1000.
.045 .907 .001 l.
• Volume-wbah1 relation.ship takcn for walcr 1u ¡na.test density(39.2•F).
_,.. ,._ _.... --... · - r - 1 -- r·--~ ~_.....
•· ·
..--.i-• •~.••'••·~---~..,-¡:¡¡.~.....;o¡-y;o,o¡-, """"''"'..,..""'""'~ ..-......... ....._. wu..1.Utuu..~ ~ .....,.,_.,. vr
--~• - - ••••m .,,.,....,, M
larflc boiler plant.
{
52o
1.090
SIZING FORMULAS:
CONVERllON fACTORS: •e• (F - 32)/U ti• ot 1 IJ• • lb/h ot 1 - X O.OOI kJ/kt• ' C • llU/lb•FX4.19
o
1.0 10
00o
for htat1n1 or coolina water.
1.070
81...
lllu Added or Removed
o
1.oeo
MASI'LC~
~
1Pm •
300 X (water tcmp. rtSC or drop. 'fl
Waler In
1
1
Steamor Water In
1
For ht'a.dna v.·ater wilh stu m:
lb stetm/h • OJi l,PID (wam ccrnp. rtsc. •F)
sntlflCHUT
1
440
1.010
4:!10
1.000
Waler In
Oullt l
Rw ttadna 1h •1th s;1.ea1n coiJt.:
Slumor 4 20
ºº
100
200 Tl!Ml't:RATURE, F
100
llOO
Wa18f In
0 .990
lbstton>/ll.
(~)(aíttmip.nw.'f
400
I~.
For hcttlna air whh wa1er coab:
Mass Flow and Specific Heat of Water
gpm •
( CFM) ( air t<mp.rbc, 'F1 ) 116 • 115ilQ wattrtcmp. drop. F
Freeziog Points for Solutions of Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol Glycol, bl mass
fr/a
Ethylene Gllcol
Prol!ylene Glycol
ºF
ºF
°C
10 15 20 25 30
26 22 18 13
40
50
- 8 - 29
60
- 55
7
-3 -6 -8 -11 - 14 -22 -34 - 48 40
For ndi.11lon:
ºC
26 22 18 12 6
-9 -34 <- 60
- 3 -6 -8 -11 - 14 - 23
lb 11cam/h • 0.25 (Ml
Radlallon
- 37
< - 51 41
n EOR)
l _
1 1
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Volume or Cylindrical Tanks in Gallons per Foot of Depth Dlamctcrin u.s. Diametcr in u.s. Dlamttcrln u.s. In Callo ns Ft In Gallo ns f1 In Callo ns f1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
o
S.81S
1 2 3 4
6.895 7.997 9.180 10.44 11.79 13.22 14.73 16.32 17.99 19.?S 21.58 23.50
s
6
7
8 9 10 11
o 1 2 3 4
s
6 7 8
9 10 11
o 1 2 3 4
s
25.50 27.58 29.74 31.99 34.31 36.'72 39.21 41.78 44.43 47.16 49.98 52.88
55.86 58.92 62.06 65.28 68.58
3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
s
5 5
5 5 5 5 5
5 5 5
5
6 7 8 9 10 11
o 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11
o 1 2 3 4
s
6 7 8 9 10 11
42
71.97 7S.44 78.99 82.62 86.33 90. 13 94.00 97.96 102.0 106.1 110.3 114.6 119.0 123.4 127.9 132.6 137.3 142.0 146.9 151.8 156.8 161.9 167.1 172.4 177.7 183.2 188.7 194.2 199.9 205.7
6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7
o 3 6 9
o 3 6
9
8
o
8 8 8 9
3 6 9
9 9 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12
211.S 229.S 248.2 267.7 287.9 308.8
330.5 352.9
3 6
376.0 399.9 424.S 449.8 475.9 502.7 530.2 558.5 587.5 6 17.3 647.7 679.0 710.9 743.6 777.0 811.1 846.0 881.6 918.0
9
955.1
o 3 6
9
o 3 6 9
o 3 6
9
o
Quantities ror Various Depths of Cylindrical Tanks in Horizontal Posilion
º'º
l>epth
' '
•·med 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
OJo
OJo
O/o Deplh 071 of Oepth 'lo of Depth or or Capacity Filled Capacily Capacil)' Filled CapacUy •' llltd 81.50 76 51.27 51 20.73 26 . . 20 82.60 77 52.S5 52 21.86 27 .50 83.68 78 53.81 53 23.00 28 .90 84.74 79 5S.08 S4 24.07 29 1.34 85.77 80 56.34 SS 2S.31 30 1.87 86.77 81 57.60 56 26.48 31 2.45 87.76 82 58.86 57 27.66 32 3.07 88.73 83 60.11 58 28.84 33 3.74 89.68 84 61.36 59 30.03 34 4.45 90.60 85 62.61 60 31.19 35 5.20 91.50 86 63.86 61 32.44 36 5.98 92.36 87 65.10 62 33 .66 37 6.80 93.20 88 66.34 63 34.90 38 7.64 94.02 89 67.56 64 36.14 39 8.50 94.80 90 68.81 6S 37.36 40 9.40 95.SO 91 69.97 66 38.64 41 10.32 96.26 92 71.16 67 39.89 42 11.27 96.93 93 72.34 68 41.14 43 12.24 91.55 94 73.S2 69 42.40 44 13.23 98.13 95 74.69 70 43.66 45 14.23 98.66 96 7S.93 71 44.92 46 15.26 99.10 97 77.00 72 46.19 47 16.32 99.50 98 78.14 73 47.45 48 17.40 99.80 99 79.27 74 48.73 49 18.50 100.0 100 80.39 15 50.00 19.61
°'º
°'º
so
43
"' Volume of Water lo Stan4anl Pipe an~ Tulle Nominal Pi!!! Slu (mm)
in. 3/8 112 S/ 8 3/ 4
t
1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4
Schedule No.
(10) (IS) (16) (20) (2S) (32) (40) (SO) (6S) (80) (90) (JOO) (12S) (ISO) (200) (2SO) (300)
1/ 4 112 112 1/2
s
6 8 10 . 12
40 -
Standard Slee! Pi(!! lnside Diameter Volume in. (mm) gal/fl (Llm)
0.622 -
40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 30 30 30
0.824 1.049 1.380 1.6}0 2.067 2.469 3.068 3.S48 4.026
5.041 6.065 8.071 10.136 12.090
-
(l.S8) (2.09) (2.66) (3.50) (4.09) (S.25) (6.27) (7.79) (9.01) (J0.23) (12.82) (15.41) (20.SO) (25.75) (30.71)
-
-
0.0157
(0.19)
0.0277 0.0449 0.0779 0.106 0.174 0.249 0.384 0.514 0.661 1.04
1.50 2 .66 4.19
S.96
-
(0.34) (0.S6) (0.97) (1.32) (2.16) (3.09) (4.77) (6.38) (8.21) (12.92) (18.63) (33.03) (S2.04) (74.02)
T2:1!! L Col!!!!' Tulle Joside Dla meltr Volume in .
(mm)
ca1m
0.430
(1.09) (1.38) (1.69) (1.99) (2.60) (3.21) (3.82) (S.04) (6.26) (7.48) (8. 70) (9.92) (12.38) (14.85) (19.62) (24.45) (29.38)
0.001S
0.S4S 0.666 0.78S l.02S l.26S
l.SOS l.98S 2.46S 2.94S 3.425 3.90S 4. 875
S.845 7.72S 9.62S l 1.56S
(L/m)
(0.09) 0.0121 (O.IS) 0.0181 (0.22) (0.31) 0 .02Sl 0.0429 (0.S3) 0.06S3 (0.81) 0.0924 (1.1 S) 0.161 (2.00) 0.248 (3.08) 0.3S4 (4.40) 0.479 (S.95) 0.622 (7.73) 0.970 ' (12.0S) 1.39 (17.26) 2.43 (30. 18) (46.9S) 3.78 S.46 (67.81)
Hot Water Demaod per Fixtore for Various Types of Buildiogs (Galloos of water per hour per fixture, calcula1ed ata final temperature of 140 °F] Apartmenl H OUllf Oub t. 2. 3. ~ 4.
Ba.sios, prívate lavatory Ba.sins, public lavatory Bathtubs Disbwashers'
( s. roo. Basins
~
01
2
"
2Ó. 15-
2 6 20 SO.ISO
3• 3~ • 6. Kitcbcn sin k JO . 20 7. lauodry, stalionary 1ubs 20 38 8. Pantry sink s 10 9. Showcrs· 30· ISO . 10. Service sink 20 20 11. H)'drotberapeutic showers 12. Hubbard baths 13. Leg balhs 14. Arm baths IS. Sitz baths 16. Continuous-now ba1hs Ir. Circular wash sinks 18. SemiciICufar wash sinks ~ 19. DEMANO FACTOR 0.30 O.JO • 20. STORAGE CAPACITY FACTORij · f.2.S ' '0.90
GflflIndustrial om~ PriYale nasium Hospital H otd Plant Buíldlng Raldence School YMCA 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 8 I~ 6 IS 8 30 20 20 30 so. S0..200 20-100 IS 20-tOO 20-100 3 : u 3 12 3 3 12 20 30_, 20 20 10 20 20 28 28 20 28 to 10 s 10 10 225 15 30 30. 22S 22S -20 20 30 20 IS 20 20 400
-
~8
d)>
-
fil)
-
-
-
-
600 100 3S 30 165 20
20
to
to
30 IS 0.40
20 to
30 IS 0.30 o.~. 0.40 0.40 0.60 J.00 2.00 0.70 1.00 1.00 ªDishwashcr requiremcnts should be raken from rhis table or from manufacturers'. data for the model to be u$td, it this is known. bRatio of storage 1ank capacity 10 probable maximum dcmand/b. Storagecapacity may be rcduccd whcre an unlimiled supply of stcam is availablc from a central strecr s1eam sysrem or large boiler plant.
- - - - -r-
0.40 J.00
o.is
0.25
o:so
'__J'
H ot Water Demands and Use for Various 'fypes of Buildings Type of Buildin& Men's dormitories Women's dormitoríes Motels: Number of unitsª 20 or less 60 IOOormore Nursing homes Office buildings ~
O>
Food servíce establishments: Type A-full meal restaurants and cafeterías 'JYpe B-drivc-íns, grilles, luncheonettes, sandwich and snack shops
Maxlmum Hour 3.8 gal/student S.O gal/student
MaximumDay 22.0 gal/student 26.5 gal/student
Aven1eDay 13.1 gal/student 12.3 ¡al/student
6.0 gal/unit S.0 gal/unit 4.0 gal/unit 4.S gal/bed 0.4 gal/person
35.0/unit 25.0 gal/unit IS.O gal/unit 30.0/bed 2.0 gal/person
20.0 gal/unit 14.0 gal/unit 10.0 gal/ unit 18.4 ¡al/bed 1.0 ¡al/person
1.5 gal/max meals/h 0.7gal/max meals/h
11.0 gal/mait meals/h 6.0gal{max meals/h
Apartment houses: Number of apartmcnts 20 or less 50 75 100 200 or more Elementary schools Junior and senior high schools ªTnterpolate íor intermediate va.lucs.
12.0 gal/apartment 10.0 gal/apartment 8.5 gal/apartment 7.0 gal/apartment 5.0gal 0.6 gal/student 1.0 gal/student bPcr day of operation.
2.4 gal/a\fttage meals/dayb 0.7 gal/average meals/dayb
80.0 gal/apartmcnt 73.0 gal/apartmcnt 66.0 gal/apartmcnt 60.0 gal/apartmcnt 50.0 gal/apartmcnt l.S gal/student 3.6 gal/student
42.0 gal/apartmcnt 40.0 gal/apartment 38.0 gal/apartment 37.0 gal/apartment 35.0 gal/apartment 0.6 gal/studentb 1.8 gal/student6
l .,., [
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200 JOO 400 IOO IXI lXll
GPM, U.S. GALLONS PER -MINUTE
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Steel Pipe O.ta No• . Sdltdule Si• and Namber Pipe O.O., D., la. Wtlcbt'
º'
U1
o
1/4 D•O.S40 318 D•0.67S 112 D • 0.840 314 Oa 1.0SO 1 D• 1.315 1 1/ 4 o- 1.6(,() 1 112 D• 1.900 2 0 • 2.375 2 1/2 D • 2.87S
40 80 40 80 40 80 40 80 40 80 40 80 40 80 40 80 40 80
ST XS ST
xs ST
xs ST XS ST
xs ST
xs ST XS ST
xs ST
xs
Wall nkk·
lnskk Dlamettt
ness, h1.
In.
t
d
o.ou
0.364 0.302 0.493 0.423 0.622 O.S46 0.824 0.742 1.049 0.951 1.380 1.278 1.610 l.SOO 2.067 1.939 2.469 2.323
0.119 0.091 0.126 0.109 0.1<47 0.113 0.IS4 0.133 0.179 0.140 0.191 0.14S 0.200 0.154 0.218 0.203 0.276
Surface Arca Ouislcle lmkle 1 rtl!ft r1 /ft 0. 141 0.141 0.177 0.177 0.220 0.220 0.27S 0.27S 0.344 0.344
o.os
0.435 0.497 0.497 0.622 0.622 0.153 0.7$3
O.Cl9S 0.079 0.129 0.111 0.163 0.143 0.216 0.194 0.27$ 0.251 0.361 0.335 0.421 0.393 0.541 0.508 0.646 0.608
Cro...&áloul flow Art11 Artll
Metal
"'l
iDJ
0.12S O.IS7 0.167 0.217 0.2SO 0.320 0.333 0.433 0.494 0.639 0.669 0.831 0.799 1.068 1.07 1.48 1.70 2.25
0.104 0.072 0.191 0.141 0.304 0.234 O.S33 0.432 0.864 0.119 1.SO 1.28 2.04 1.77 3.36 2.9S 4.79 4.24
Wtlght of Pipe Water lb/fl lb/ft 0.<424 O.SlS 0.561 0.738.
o.aso 1.087 1.13 1.47 1.68 2.17 2.27 2.99 2.72 3.63 3.65 5.02 S.79 7.66
. 3 0 • 3.SOO 4 0 • 4.SOO 6 0 • 6.62S 8 D•8.62S
10 D • 10.7S
40 ST
80
xs
40 80 40 80 30 40 80 30 40
ST
xs
ST
xs
ST XS ST
xs
80 30
~
12 D • 12.7S
ST 40 XS
80
0.216 0.300 0.237 0.337 0.280 O..f32 0.277 0.322
o.soo 0.307 0.365
o.soo
0.593 0.330 0.375 0.406
o.soo 0.687
3.068 2.900 4.026 3.826 6.06.S 5.761 8.071 7.981 7.62S 10.136 10.020 9.750 9.S64 12.090 12.000
11.938 11.150 11.376
0.916 0.916 1.178 1.178 1.734 1.734 2.258 2.2S8 2.258 2.814 2.814 2.814 2.814 3.338 3.338 3.338 3.338 3.338
0.803 0.159 1.054 1.002 1.SSI 1.508 2.113 2.089 1.996 2.654 2.623 2.5'2 2.504 3.165 3.141 3.12S 3.076 2.978
• Numb«> are Khcdul< aumbers pcr ASTM 83'. IO; ST =Standazd w.;sht; XS • Elltra Strona. b
Workinreuureshavebeencalcula1ed per ASME/ANSI 831.9u11nafumM:>c
bu1t wcld (concinuO\lJ weld. CW) ptpe through 4 in. and eltccric rdistance weld
(ERW) 1hereaf1er. The allowance, A, has been lalccn u: (a) 12.5.,. of / for miU toleraoc:c 00 pipe wall llúcknas, plus
'--..
2.23 3.02 3.17 4.41 S.58 8.40 7.26 8.40 12.76 10.07 11.91 16.10 18.92 12.88 14.58 IS.74 19.24 26.03
7.39 6.60 12.73 IUO 28.89 26.07 Sl.l6 50.03 45 .66 80.69 78.SS 74.66 71.84 114.8 113.1 111.9 108.4 101.6
0.04S 0.031 0.083 0.061 0.131 0.101 0.131 0.187 0.374 0.311 0.647 O.SS5 0.881 0.76S l .4S 1.28 2.07 1.83
Wortli.g Prossare' ASTM ASJ B to .tOO ºF Mfr. ProJolnt
cea
~ pe
¡Mil
cw cw
Tbrd Thrd Thrd Thrd Thrd Thrd Thrd Thrd
183 871 203 820 214 7S3 117 681 226 642 229 S94 231
cw cw cw CW
cw
CW
cw cw cw cw CW
cw cw cw
CW CW
Thrd Tbrd Tbrd Tbrd Thrd Thrd Thrd Thrd Wcld Weld
576 230 SSI
.533 83S
___ ____ _
7.S7 10.2S 10.78 l.f.97 18.96 28.S5 24.68 28.53 43.3S 34.21 40.4S 54.69 64.28 43.74 49...12 S3.48 65.31 88.44
...
3.20 2.86 S.SI • .98 12.SO 11.28 22.14 21.65 19.76 34.92 34.12 32.31 31.09 49.68 48.94 48.44 46.92 43.98
CW
cw cw CW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW ERW
Weld Weld Wcld Weid Wdd Weld Weld Weld Weld Weld Weld Wcld Wcld Weld Wdd Weld Weld . Weld
482 767 430 69S 696 1209 526 643 1106 485 606 887 1081 449
528 583 743 1076
(b) An arbiuary conooion anowa- or 0.025 i11. ror pipe siz.a thtoup NPS 2 and o.oo iD. rrom NPS 2~ tM>ush 20. p1us (e) A 1hread cuuina allowance ror s1ut throush NPS 2. Beeause 1he pipe wall 1hlckness ofthrodtd siandard we1Jh1 pipe is'º small artcr deductinc 1he allowancc, A. tbe mechanical suength or 1he pipe is impaired. 11 is eood practice10 lint11 standard wti¡h1 thteod
j
,\
( Copper Tu~ Data W.11 Nominal DiamtlU
Type
0 .30S 0 .31S
0.098 0.098
0.080 0.082
0.037 0.033
0 .073 0.078
0. 14S 0.126
0 .402 0 .430 0 .450
0.131 0.131 0 . 131
O.IOS 0.113 0.008
0.069 O.OSI 0.037
0.127 0.14S 0.IS9
0.269 0.198 0.14S
0.089 0.074 O.OS3
0.218 0.233 0.254
0.344 0.28S 0.203
0.063 0 .069 0.094 0 . 101 0 . 110
K L
O.OlS 0 .030
3/ 8
K L
0 .049 0 .03S 0 .02S
112
en 1\)
K L M
S/ 8
K
L 3/ 4
1 1/4
K L M K L M K L M
0 .37S
o.ns o.soo o.soo o.soo
Tu be lb/ rt
wattt
Wo rklna Pl'HSutt...,. ASTM 1138 10 l50ºF Aan ..ltd lhwwn
lb/ fl
P5ia
psi&
0.032 0 .034
8SI 730
o.oss
894 638 4$6
1596 1368 1676
71S S84
1197 8SS 1341 1094 766
0 .049 0 .040 0 .028
0 .62S 0 .62S 0.62S
O.S27 O.S4S O.S69
0 . 164 0.164 0.164
0.138 0.143 0.149
0 .049 0 .042
0.150 0.150
0 .652 0 .666
0.196 0 . 196
0.171 0.174
0.108 0.093
0.334 0.348
0.418 0.362
0. 144 O. IS!
Sil
1117 9S8
0.06S 0 .04S 0 .032
0 .87S 0 .87S 0 .87S
0.74S 0.78S 0 .811
0.229 0.229 0.229
0.19S 0.206 0.212
0.16S 0.117
o.oss
0.436 0.484 O.S l 7
0.641 0 .4SS 0 .323
0 . 189 0 .209 0.224
6TI 469 334
1270 879 62S
0.06S
1.12S l.12S 1.12S
0.99S l .02S t.OSS
0.29S · 0 .29S 0.29S
0.260 0.268 0.276
0.216 0.169 0.120
0 .778 0.82S 0.874
0.336 0 .3S7 0 .378
S27 40S 284
988 760 S32
l .37S 1.37S 1.37S
. l.24S l.26S 1.291 1.295
0.360 0.360 0.360 0.360
0.326 0.33 1 0.338 0.339
0 .268 0.228 0 . 176 0 .1 68
J.217 t.2S7 1.309 1.317
0 .839 0.6S4 0 .464 1.037 0.884 0.682 0.650
O.S27 O.S44 O.S66 0.570
431 36S 279 265
808 684 S22 497
o.oso 0 .03S 0.06S
o.oss
DWV
Wtlaln o r
Oia meu r lnsld t, Oa1sld t, d, In. O, la.
1/ 4
M
Cro.,..Stt!Jonal Metal Flow Atta Ara 1nl it11
SurfaaAtta IJl.sldt OulSldt n11r1 r111ri
Tlllck· • W. 1,ln.
0 .042 0.040
1.315
409 S96
- - -112
K L M
DWV K L
M
DWV 2 112
K
L M K L M
DWV
U>
c.>
3 1/2
K
L M
4
K
L M
OWV 6
K
L M
DWV
356 300
668 S13
1.065
1.304 1.339 1.372 1.416
249 180
467 338
4.6$7 4.TI2 4 .889
2.926 2.479 2.026
2.0IS 2.06S 2. 116
330 278 226
619 521 423
1.033 0.858 0.691 0.43S
6 .637 6.812 6.979 7.234
4.002 3.32S 2 .676 1.687
2.rn 2 .947 l .020 3. l30
318 263 210 131
492 394 246
1.321 1.107 0.924
8.999 9.213 9.397
S. 120 4.291 l .S79
3.894 3 .987 4.066
302 252
1.680 J.387 1.203 0.741
11.684 11.m 12.161 12.623 25.886 26.832 27.164 27.889
6 .510 S.377 4.661 2.872
S.OS6
209 296
S.182 S.262 S.462
243 210 123
13.867 10.200 8 .916 6 . IOS
11.201 11.610 11.754 12.068
1.723 1.779 1.831 1.865
1.361 l.143 0.940 0.809
0.74S 0 .770 0 .792 0.807
O.S56
O.SS6
O.SIJ O.S20
O.SS6
O.S26 0.534
3.014 3.09S 3.170 3.272
2.063 1.7SI 1.459
O.SS6
O.S32 0.4S2 0.377 0.27S
0.637 0.645 0.6S3
0.75S 0.640 0.523
0.761
1.481 l.SOS l.S27 1.S41
0 .083 0 .070 O.OS8 0 .042
2 . 125 2. m 2 . 12S 2. 125
1.959 1.98.S 2.009 2.041
0.09S 0 .06S
2.62S 2.625 2 .62.S
2.43S 2.46.S 2 .49.S
0.687 0.687 0 .687
0 . 109 0 .090 0.072 0.04S
J . 125 3. 12$ 3. 125 3. 125
2.907 2.94S 2.981 3.03S
0.818 0.818 0.818 0.818
0 . 120 0 . 100 0.083
3 .62S 3.625 3.625
3.38S 3.42$ 3.4S9
0.949 0.949 0.949
0.891
0 . 134 0 . 110 0 .09S O.OS8 0 . 192 0.140 0.122 0 .083
4. 125 4. 12$ 4 . 125 4 . 12S 6 . 12S 6 . 12S 6.12S 6. 12S
3.8S7 3.90S 3.935 4 .009 5.741 S.84S S.881 S.9S9
J.080 J.080 1.080 1.080 1.603 1.603 1.603 1.603
1.010 1.022 1.030 !.OSO 1.503 J.S30 1.540 1.560
1
63 1 Sl6 442
0.3Sl 0.295 0.243 0.209
t.62S 1.625 l .62S 1.62$
ª Wl)c.n using soklertd or brazcd nwnas. the joln1 determines the limmna prC$$Ure.
b
158
0.388 0.394 0.400 0 .403
0 .072 0 .060 0 .049 0.042
o.oso
404 337 27S 236
0.42S 0.42S 0.42S 0.425
""'',..·A
Workina pr<Ssur<S cakulat
o.ni 0.780 0.79S 0.886 0.906
3.S79 2.632 2.301
l.S1S
286
208 182 124
S96
566 472 392 555 456 394 240 S36 391 341 232
e lf sotdcrcd vr braz.cd fiuin¡.s are used on hard drawn tub1na. uac the annealcd ra1ings. Full·tube aHowable prcssurc.s can be used wilh suhabl)' rated ílare or compression-type tittin¡s.
-·
··-~
\
Properties of Plastic Pipe Materials Material
1YPe Designatioa Tbermoplastlcs PVC 1120 PVCl200 PVC2120 VC4120 PB 2110 PE2306 ~ PE3306 PE3406 HDPE3408 pp ABS ABS 1210 ABS 1316 ABS 2112 PVDF T hermo#lting Epoxy-Glass Pol~estcr-Gl3S$
Far Comparlson Steel AS3 Cop~r
and Grade
Cdl
Tl,Gl Tl,02 Tll,GI TIV,GI Tll,GI Gr. P23 Gr. P34 Gr. P33 Gr. P34
124S-B 12454-C 14333-D 23447-B
3SS434-C
Duraplus TJ,02 Tl,03 . Tll,GI
6-3-3 S-2-2 3-S-5 4-4-S
No.
RTRP-llAF RTRP- 12EF Grade B TypeL
ERW Drawn
Tensile Streagtll, psi al 73°F
liydrostatk Desl&a Slttss, psi at 73"F
Upper Tempera ture Umll, º F
ASME Mfr.
831
psi
140
ISO
ASME Mir.
831
2,000
2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 630 630 630 800
1,SOO 8,000 4,800
2,000 1,000
S,000 5,000 5,500
1,600 70S
440
ISO ISO 210 180 140 160 180 180 210
210 180
140 212 176
1,000 1,600 1,250
7,000
1,275
280
44,000 44,000
8,000 9,000
210 200
60,000 36,000
nos• Upptt Umit
180 180 180 275
320
soo
800
640 1,000 800 306 7,000 5.000
12,800 9,000
800
400
9,200 8,200
---
8:
De$ignatloa Thmnoplastlcs PVC 1120 PVCl200 PVC2120 VC4120 PB 2110 PE2306 PE3306 PE3406 HDPE3408 pp ABS ABS 1210 ABS 1316 ABS2112 PVDF Thermosdting Epoxy-Glass Polycster-Glass For Comparlson Steel Copper
Propertles of Plastic Pipe Materials (Concluded) lmpact Strengtll, Modalusof Hu.enCodfk:lent of Therm1I Condudlvity, Rdative Spectr~ fl •lb/in Elastidcy, W'illillJDS ~OD Btu·in/ Cravity Pipe at 73º F psi at 73ºF C-Factor per ºFilo' b. ft1 ·"F Cost' 1.40
0.8
l.SS 0.93
l.S
0.96 0.91 1.06
12 1.3 8.5
1.78
3.8
7.80 8.90
30.0
420,000 410,000
ISO
423,000 38,000 90.000 130,000 150,000 110,000 120,000 240,000 250,000 340,000
15-0 150
ISO ISO
125,000
150
1,000,000 1,000,000
150 150
JO.O 3S.O 30.0 3S.O 72.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 120.0 60.0 S6.0 SS.O 40.0 40.0 79.0 910 13 910 ll
1.1
1.0
0.9S 0.13
2.9 2.9
2.7 1.3 1.7
1.1 2.9 3.4
0.8
28.0
2.9 1.3
27,500,000 100 6.31 26.2 l.3 17,000,000 140 9.S 3.S The propcnies listod are for the specilic material.$ lisred as each plas- :-ne h)'drostatic design str= (HDS) is cquivalcnt to thc allowable design stress. tic has other formulations. Consuh the manufacrurer chosen. These valuq are for comparative pupases. of thc system Bascd on the cost of pipe only, without factorina in fiuinas, íoints, hanaers. and labor.
,.,-- -
---- --=-""O,.O. ::.-.--:..-
~ -""'
-
~
Application of Pipe, Fillíngs, and Valvcs for Ht1lting aod Air-Conditloníng
Pipe Mattrial
O)
2.S 10 12 1n. (6S 10 300 mm)
psJs 125
Class
125
casi lron
"F 2SO
S1andanl Typc L
Thread
-
Wroughl Copptr
2SO
ISO
95-S Soldcr
pvc
Sch 80
lSO
Solvent
1S
Sch80
PVC
Sol~nl
Sch80
VC
ISO
VC
Sch80
PB
160
ISO llS
Metal
160
115
Wrought S1ccl
250
400 250
S1ccl(CW) CopP'f. Hard
SDR-11
Heat fusion
-
lnscrt Crimp
ASl B ERW Stccl
Std
Wcld
Std
Flange
ISO
Wroughl S1ccl
250
125
2SO
175
flange
Cast lron
2SO
Cast lron M 1 or Ductilc lron
400
Flange
2SO 230
300
PB
160
llS
Groovc
Pll St<2m •nd C:undcnsal• 2 in. (SO mm) and smallcr
Maidrnum Prusart at Tt111ptrt1ll1tt•
Typt
PB
Cll
Material
S1ste111 Temptntutt
Wtllht
Applktltion Re
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