BASIC ASSIGNMENTS ……
Subtractive Transformation
WALL
3D FORM
ROOM
3D FORM
DOOR PLACEMENT
WINDOW PLACEMENT
PARTS OF A BUILDING Coping Parapet wall
Roof
Ceiling Plane Wall Plane Lintel Reveal
Lintel Door
Window Sill
Ramp
Steps
Floor Plane Foundation Load Down On Soil
PARTS OF A BUILDING
Load Down On Soil
PARTS OF A BUILDING 1.
Foundation:- It Is The Lowest Part Of The Structure Below The Ground Level Which Is In Direct With The Ground And Transmits All The Dead, Live And The Other Loads To The Soil On Which The Structure Rests.
2.
Plinth:- The Portion Of The Building Between The Ground Surrounding The Building And The Top Of The Floor Immediately Above The Ground Is Known As Plinth.
3.
Walls:- Walls Are Provided To Enclose Or Divide The Floor Space In Desired Pattern. Walls Provide Privacy, Security And Give Protection Against Sun, Rain, Cold And Other Adverse Effects Of Weather.
4.
Column:- It May Be Defined As An Isolated Vertical Load Bearing Member The Width Of Which Is Neither Less Than Its Thickness Nor More Than Four Times Its Thickness.
PARTS OF A BUILDING 5.
Floors:- Floors Are Flat ing Elements Of A Building. They Divide A Building Into Different Levels Thereby Creating More Accommodation On A Given Plot Of Land.
6.
Doors, Windows & Ventilators:- A Door May Be Defined As A Barrier Secured In An Opening Left In A Wall To Provide Usual Means Of Access To A Building, Room Or age. A Window May Be Defined As An Opening Left In A Wall For The Purpose Of Providing Daylight, Vision And Ventilation.
7.
Stairs:- A Stair May Be Defined As A Structure Comprising Of A Number Of Steps Connecting One Floor To Another. The Stair Must Be Constructed In Such A Manner That It Is Safe And Comfortable To Use And It Should Be So Located As To Permit Easy Communication.
Types of Roof Roof
Wall
Floor
Pitched Roof
Roof
Roof
Wall
Floor
Lean To Roof
Wall Floor
Roof
Types of Roof Roof
Wall
Wall
Wall
Floor
Butterfly Roof
Roof
Roof
Floor
Butterfly Roof
Floor
Roof
Types of Roof
Types of Roof
PARTS OF A DOOR
FOUNDATION OF A BUILDING
FOUNDATION OF A BUILDING
Shapes And Forms Shape The characteristics outline or surface configuration of a particular form. Shape is the Principal aspect by which we identify and categorize forms.
Shape Size The physical dimension of length, width and depth of a form. While those dimensions determine the Proportion of a form, its scale is determined by its size relative to other forms in its context.
Size Color
Colour
A phenomenon of light and visual perception that may be described in of an individual’s perception of hue, saturation and total value
Shapes And Forms Form The location from relative to its environment or the visual feid within which it is run.
Shape
Orientation The direction of a form relative to the ground. Plan the com points other forms or to the person viewing the form.
Orientation Visual Inertia The degree of the concentration and stability of a form the visual Inertia of a form depends Upon the geometry as well as its orientation to the ground plan and the pull of gravity and our line of signet.
Circles Diameter
Radius
Sector
Chord Segment Quadrant Chord
Circumference
Arc
Base Plane Base Plane A horizontal plane laying as a figure on a contrasting Background defines a Simple field of space. This field can be visually Reinforced in following ways
Example of Top Base Plan
Example of Base Plane
Example of Top Base Plane
Example of Isometric Base Plane
Elevated Base Plane A horizontal plane elevated Above the ground plane establishes vertical surfaces Along its edges that reinforced the visual separation between Its field and surrounding Ground.
Example of Elevated Top Plan
Example of Elevated Base Plane
Example of Elevated Top Plane
Example of Isometric Elevated Plane
Base Plane Depressed Base Plane A Horizontal plane depressed into the ground Plane utilizes the vertical Surface Of the lowered area to Define the volume of a space.
Example of Top Base Plan
Example of Base Plane
Example of Top Depressed Plane
Example of Isometric Depressed Plane
Overhead Plane Example of Overhead Top Plan
Example of Overhead Isometric Plan
A horizontal plane located Overhead defines a volume of space between itself and the ground plane.
Example of Overhead Top Plane
Example of Overhead Isometric Plane
Approaches
Example Of Frontal Top View
Example Of Frontal Isometric View
Frontal Approach: A Frontal Approach Leads Directly To The Entrance Of A Building Along A Straight , Axial Path. The Visual Goal That Terminates The Approach Is Clear, It May Be The Entire Front Façade Of A Building Or An Entrance Within The Plane .
Approaches
Example of Oblique Top View
Example of Oblique Isometric View
Oblique Approach : An Oblique Approach Enhances The Effect Of Perspective On The Front Facade And Form Of A Building. The Path Can Be Redirected One Or More Time To Delay And Prolong The Sequence Of The Approach. If A Building Is Approached At An Extreme Angle , Its Entrance Can Project Beyond Its Facade To Be More Clearly Visible.
Approaches
Example of Spiral Isometric View
Example of Spiral Isometric View
Spiral Approach : A Spiral Approach Enhances The Effect Of Perspective On The Front Façade And Form Of A Building. The Path Can Be Redirected One Or More Times To Delay And Prolong The Sequence Of The Approach. If A Building Is Approached At The Extreme Angle, Its Entrance Project Beyond Its Façade To Be More Clearly Visible.
Types of Doors Location Of Doors (i) From Consideration Of Adequate Air Circulation Within The Room, The Doors Should Be Provided In Opposite Walls Facing Each Other. (ii) From Consideration Of Proper Space Utilization And Privacy, Doors Should As For As Possible Be Located Near The Corner Of A Room (Say About 20 Cm Away From The Corner). (iii) The Location Of The Door Should Meet The Functional Requirements Of The Room. (iv) The Numbers Of Doors In A Room Should Be Kept In Minimum To Achieve Optimum Utilization Of Space.
Types Of Door:Door Frame Door Frame Is Made Up Of Two Typical Known As Jambs Or Posts And Flat Member Connecting The Jambs At Top Called Head. The Cross-sectional Dimensions Of The Jamb And The Head Are Normally Kept Same. The Size Of Door Frame Is Worked Out After Allowing A Clearance Of 5 Mm. All-round For Convenience Of Fixing The Frame In The Opening. Frames Made From Timber Steel Are Described Below
1.Battened Ledged Door 2 Battened Ledged And Braced Door 3.Battened Ledged Braced And Framed Door 4. Framed And Door 5.Glazed Or Sash Door 6 .Flush door 11. Collapsible Steel Doors 7. Fly proof doors 12.Rolling Steel Shutter Doors 8.Revolving doors 13.Rolling Grill Doors 9. Sliding Door 14.M.S. Sheet Doors 10.Swing doors 15. Fire Check Door
Battened and Ledged Door Plan
x
FRAME 60x100
x Hinge
30mmTHICK BATTEN
HORIZONTAL SECTION
Hold fast
60x100 FRAME
Size MIDDLE LEDGE 200x30
OUT
200x30 LEDGES IN
OUT SCOTCH TE HINGE 30mm TH BATTENS BRICK WALL PLASTER
IN
Definition:BOTTOM LEDGE 200x30
ELEVATION
VERTICALSECTION
This Is The Simplest Form Of Door Commonly Used For Narrow Openings. The Door Consists Of Vertical Battens Or Boards Usually Tongued And Grooved And Fixed Together With Horizontal Battens Known As Ledges. There Are Three Fixed In The Middle Of The Shutter. The Middle Ledges Is Also Known As Lock Ledges.
Battened, ledged, braced,& framed Door Detail Plan Hold fast
Frame
Frame(125X75)
Brick Wall
Top Rail
Bracing
Hinge
HORIZONTAL SECTION
Definition:Lock Rail
Bracing
Bottom Rail
Elevation
Vertical Section
This Type Of Door Is Considered To The Superior In Strength, Durability And Appearance. The Frame Work Of This Type Of Door Consists Of Two Vertical Called Stiles, Three Horizontal Known As Ledges Or Rails, Vertical Battens And Two Inclined Braces. The Rails Positioned Near The Top, Middle And The Bottom Of The Shutter Are Mortised And Tinned Into The Stiles. The Battens Are Generally Tongued And Grooved And V-ted. At Their Upper End, The Battens Are Let Into The Top Rail While At Mid Rail While At Mid Height And Lower Ends They Go Right Over The Middle And Bottom Rails.
led Door Vertical And Horizontal Section A
Frame 60x100
Top rail 100x35
B
EQ
EQ 900
X
Plan
15mm
led Door:Freeze rail 100x35
This Type Of Door Is Commonly Provided In All Types Of Buildings . This Door Consists Of Timber Frame Work Of Stiles And Rails Which Are Grooved On The Inside To Receive One Or More s . The Door May Be Single, Double, Three, Four Or Six ed Also . The s Can Be Timber, Plywood, Block Board Or Hard Board.
Lock rail 150x35
Bottom rail 200x35
Elevation
Section
Six led Door
Glazed or Sash Door Top Rail 35×100 Hold Fast Glass
Brick Wall Frame(60×100)
Glass
Wooden Bead
Wooden Beading 10×20
Lock Rail 35X150
HORIZONTAL SECTION
Wooden
Bottom rail 35×200
ELEVATION
VERTICAL SECTION
Definition:This Type Of Door Is Used In Residential As Well As Public Buildings Like Hospitals, Schools Or Colleges Etc. Glazed Or Sash Doors Are Made In Several Designs. They Can Be Glazed Fully Or Partly. In Case Of Partly Glazed Doors Normally The Bottom 1/3rd Height Of The Door Is led And Remaining 2/3rd Height Is Glazed. In Case Of Partly Glazed Doors, The Stiles Are Sometimes Diminished At The Lock Rail To Improve The Elevation And To Permit More Area Of Glazing In The Process.
Solid Core Type Flush Door Top Rail Frame Stile
A
Solid core of Particle Board
Face Veneer or Plywood Stile
Edge of hard wood Solid core of Particle Board or lipping
Solid core type Flush Door :Cross Band Face Veneer or Plywood
Bottom Rail
ELEVATION
Flush doors have pleasing appearance , simple construction ,high strength and durability and cost less as compared with led doors. Flush door shutter consists of a solid or semisolid framed skeleton covered on both faces with either plywood or a combination of cross bands and face veneers giving perfectly flush and t less surface . In solid core type flush doors the wooden frame used for holding the core consists of stiles, top rails and bottom rails , width of each member being not less than 5 cm.
Solid Core Type Flush Door Top Rail
Stile
Soft wood strips or laminated core pieces
A
Fra me Stile
Face veneer or Ply Wood
Soft wood strips or laminated core pieces Frame
Stile
Face veneer or Ply Wood
Cross Band
Definitions:
Face Veneer or Plywood
Bottom Rail
ELEVATION
Flush Doors Have Pleasing Appearance , Simple Construction ,High Strength And Durability And Cost Less As Compared With led Doors. Flush Door Shutter Consists Of A Solid Or Semisolid Framed Skeleton Covered On Both Faces With Either Plywood Or A Combination Of Cross Bands And Face Veneers Giving Perfectly Flush And t Less Surface . In Solid Core Type Flush Doors The Wooden Frame Used For Holding The Core Consists Of Stiles, Top Rails And Bottom Rails , Width Of Each Member Being Not Less Than 5 Cm.
Hollow Core type Flush door TOP RAIL
FRAME
BATTENS
FACE VENEER OR PLYWOOD
STYLE STILE VOIDS
EDGE OF HARD WOOD OR LIPPING BATTENS
INTERMEDIATE RAIL
A
HORIZONTAL SECTION
Frame Style
FACE VENEER OR PLYWOOD
VOIDS
EDGE OF HARD WOOD OR LIPPING LOCK RAIL
CROSS BAND FACE VENEER OR PLYWOOD BOTTOM RAIL
ELEVATION
ENLARGE VIEW OF HORIZONTAL SECTION
HOLLOW CORE TYPE FLUSH DOOR :-In This Type ,The Frame Consists Of Stiles ,Top Rail ,Bottom Rails And Minimum Two Intermediate Rails-each Not Less Than 75mm. In Width. The Space Between The Stiles And The Rails Is Divided By Fixing Wooden Battens Not Less Than 25 Mm. In Width In Such A Manner That The Voids Are Equally Distributed And Area Of Any Void Remains Less Than 50 Cm Sq . Instead Of Battens ,Rolls Or Strips Of Veneers Can Also Be Used For Forming Core. Plywood Sheets Or Combination Of Crossbands And Face Veneers Are Then Glued Under Pressure On Both Faces Of The Core .The Thickness Of Plywood Used Should Not Be Less Than 6 Mm. In This Type Of Shutter.
Fly-proof Door Frame 75×125mm Hold Fast ed Door
Wooden Frame(75×125) 10 mm
Stile
HORIZONTAL SECTION
Lock Rail 35X150
Fly-proof Door:-
ELEVATION
VERTICAL SECTION
This Type Of Door Is Used To Check The Entry Of Flies, Mosquitoes , Insects Etc. Into The Room And To Allow Free Circulation Of Air At The Same Time. The Door Consists Of Timber Framework Of Vertical Stiles And Horizontal Rails And The Opening Of The s Are Fitted With Fine-mesh Galvanized Wire Gauge. The G.I Wire Is Fixed By Use Of Nails And Timber Beading. Generally The Door Opening In Such A Case Is Provided With Double Shutters. The Shutter Opening Inside The Room Is ed Whereas The Fly Proof Or Wire Gauge Shutter Open Outside The Room Or Wise Versa.
Revolving Door Styles
Inside
Rubber Piece
Glazing Glazing Outside
ELEVATION
Definition: Revolving Door Provides Entrance On One Side And Exit On The Other Side Simultaneously Keeping The Opening Automatically Classed When Not In Use. The Door Essentially Consists Of Four Leaves Radially Attached Central Member Is Provided With Ball-bearing At The Bottom And Bush Bearing At The Top So As To Enable The Door To Revolve Smoothly Without Producing Jerk.
Sliding Door Elevation WALL DOOR OPENING
BRACKETS
TRACK
FRAME
FRAME
SHUTTER FLOOR FINISH
CHANNEL TRACK
Sliding Door Vertical Section
BRACKET LINTEL
TROLLEY OPENING SHUTTER
BALL-BEARING CHANNEL TRACK
Sliding Door Detail Plan Definition:- This Type Of Door Is Suitable Opening
Opening
Opening
For Shops, Sheds, Go-downs, Garage Etc. And In Places Where The Use Of Hinges For Fixing The Shutter Is To Be Avoided. Depending Upon The Size Of The Opening , And The Space Available On Either Side, The Door Can Have Single, Double Or More Number Of Leaves Or Shutters. The Door Is Provided With Top And Bottom Guide Rails Or Runners Within Which The Shutters Slide. The Guide Rails Run Past The Opening For A Distance Equal To The Width Of The Shutter So That When The Door Is Required To Be Opened, The Door Shutter Occupies A New Position Parallel To The Wall Face And Clear Off The Opening. The Shutters Are Also Provided With Locking Arrangements, Handles, Stopper Etc.
Swing Door Frame 100×75mm
35 Mm Thick Flush Shutter
Definitions: -
ELEVATION
VERTICAL SECTION
The Type Of Door Is Generally Provided In ages Of Buildings Like Offices, Banks Etc. The Door May Have Single Shutter Or Two Shutters. The Shutters Are Fixed With Special Hinges Known As Double Action Hinges Which Hold The Shutter In The Closed Position When Not In Use.
Contrast
Single complementary color scheme Split complementary color scheme
Single complementary color scheme
Contrast–contrast Is A Point Of Focus Or Interruption . It Marks The Location In A Composition Which Strongly Draw The Viewers Attention. In Any Composition There Is A Primary(a Main Focus) And A Secondary Focus. Contrast, Dominance And Emphasis Are All One In A Composition. Another Word For Contrast Is SURPRISE
Single complementary color scheme
Composition Project
Front View
Isometric View
Top View
Composition Project
Front View
Isometric View
Top View
Stairs Dog Legged Stairs:It consist of two straight flights of step with abrupt turn between them. A level landing is placed across the two flights at the change of direction.
Stairs
Durian Plan 2D
Outer Dimensions
Ground Floor Plan
Movement: Movement is the process of relocation of objects in space over time
Movement Through Colour
Movement Through Shape (Shape Contour)
Movement Through Line Thickness
Movement of eye from Bright(Green) to Light(White). Contrast creates movement
Movement: Movement is the process of relocation of objects in space over time
Movement Through Lines
Movement Through Gradation
Movement Through Texture
Movement Through Repetition
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