Basic Assignment 331x2i

BASIC ASSIGNMENTS ……

Subtractive Transformation

WALL

3D FORM

ROOM

3D FORM

DOOR PLACEMENT

WINDOW PLACEMENT

PARTS OF A BUILDING Coping Parapet wall

Roof

Ceiling Plane Wall Plane Lintel Reveal

Lintel Door

Window Sill

Ramp

Steps

Floor Plane Foundation Load Down On Soil

PARTS OF A BUILDING

Load Down On Soil

PARTS OF A BUILDING 1.

Foundation:- It Is The Lowest Part Of The Structure Below The Ground Level Which Is In Direct With The Ground And Transmits All The Dead, Live And The Other Loads To The Soil On Which The Structure Rests.

2.

Plinth:- The Portion Of The Building Between The Ground Surrounding The Building And The Top Of The Floor Immediately Above The Ground Is Known As Plinth.

3.

Walls:- Walls Are Provided To Enclose Or Divide The Floor Space In Desired Pattern. Walls Provide Privacy, Security And Give Protection Against Sun, Rain, Cold And Other Adverse Effects Of Weather.

4.

Column:- It May Be Defined As An Isolated Vertical Load Bearing Member The Width Of Which Is Neither Less Than Its Thickness Nor More Than Four Times Its Thickness.

PARTS OF A BUILDING 5.

Floors:- Floors Are Flat ing Elements Of A Building. They Divide A Building Into Different Levels Thereby Creating More Accommodation On A Given Plot Of Land.

6.

Doors, Windows & Ventilators:- A Door May Be Defined As A Barrier Secured In An Opening Left In A Wall To Provide Usual Means Of Access To A Building, Room Or age. A Window May Be Defined As An Opening Left In A Wall For The Purpose Of Providing Daylight, Vision And Ventilation.

7.

Stairs:- A Stair May Be Defined As A Structure Comprising Of A Number Of Steps Connecting One Floor To Another. The Stair Must Be Constructed In Such A Manner That It Is Safe And Comfortable To Use And It Should Be So Located As To Permit Easy Communication.

Types of Roof Roof

Wall

Floor

Pitched Roof

Roof

Roof

Wall

Floor

Lean To Roof

Wall Floor

Roof

Types of Roof Roof

Wall

Wall

Wall

Floor

Butterfly Roof

Roof

Roof

Floor

Butterfly Roof

Floor

Roof

Types of Roof

Types of Roof

PARTS OF A DOOR

FOUNDATION OF A BUILDING

FOUNDATION OF A BUILDING

Shapes And Forms Shape The characteristics outline or surface configuration of a particular form. Shape is the Principal aspect by which we identify and categorize forms.

Shape Size The physical dimension of length, width and depth of a form. While those dimensions determine the Proportion of a form, its scale is determined by its size relative to other forms in its context.

Size Color

Colour

A phenomenon of light and visual perception that may be described in of an individual’s perception of hue, saturation and total value

Shapes And Forms Form The location from relative to its environment or the visual feid within which it is run.

Shape

Orientation The direction of a form relative to the ground. Plan the com points other forms or to the person viewing the form.

Orientation Visual Inertia The degree of the concentration and stability of a form the visual Inertia of a form depends Upon the geometry as well as its orientation to the ground plan and the pull of gravity and our line of signet.

Circles Diameter

Radius

Sector

Chord Segment Quadrant Chord

Circumference

Arc

Base Plane Base Plane A horizontal plane laying as a figure on a contrasting Background defines a Simple field of space. This field can be visually Reinforced in following ways

Example of Top Base Plan

Example of Base Plane

Example of Top Base Plane

Example of Isometric Base Plane

Elevated Base Plane A horizontal plane elevated Above the ground plane establishes vertical surfaces Along its edges that reinforced the visual separation between Its field and surrounding Ground.

Example of Elevated Top Plan

Example of Elevated Base Plane

Example of Elevated Top Plane

Example of Isometric Elevated Plane

Base Plane Depressed Base Plane A Horizontal plane depressed into the ground Plane utilizes the vertical Surface Of the lowered area to Define the volume of a space.

Example of Top Base Plan

Example of Base Plane

Example of Top Depressed Plane

Example of Isometric Depressed Plane

Overhead Plane Example of Overhead Top Plan

Example of Overhead Isometric Plan

A horizontal plane located Overhead defines a volume of space between itself and the ground plane.

Example of Overhead Top Plane

Example of Overhead Isometric Plane

Approaches

Example Of Frontal Top View

Example Of Frontal Isometric View

Frontal Approach: A Frontal Approach Leads Directly To The Entrance Of A Building Along A Straight , Axial Path. The Visual Goal That Terminates The Approach Is Clear, It May Be The Entire Front Façade Of A Building Or An Entrance Within The Plane .

Approaches

Example of Oblique Top View

Example of Oblique Isometric View

Oblique Approach : An Oblique Approach Enhances The Effect Of Perspective On The Front Facade And Form Of A Building. The Path Can Be Redirected One Or More Time To Delay And Prolong The Sequence Of The Approach. If A Building Is Approached At An Extreme Angle , Its Entrance Can Project Beyond Its Facade To Be More Clearly Visible.

Approaches

Example of Spiral Isometric View

Example of Spiral Isometric View

Spiral Approach : A Spiral Approach Enhances The Effect Of Perspective On The Front Façade And Form Of A Building. The Path Can Be Redirected One Or More Times To Delay And Prolong The Sequence Of The Approach. If A Building Is Approached At The Extreme Angle, Its Entrance Project Beyond Its Façade To Be More Clearly Visible.

Types of Doors Location Of Doors (i) From Consideration Of Adequate Air Circulation Within The Room, The Doors Should Be Provided In Opposite Walls Facing Each Other. (ii) From Consideration Of Proper Space Utilization And Privacy, Doors Should As For As Possible Be Located Near The Corner Of A Room (Say About 20 Cm Away From The Corner). (iii) The Location Of The Door Should Meet The Functional Requirements Of The Room. (iv) The Numbers Of Doors In A Room Should Be Kept In Minimum To Achieve Optimum Utilization Of Space.

Types Of Door:Door Frame Door Frame Is Made Up Of Two Typical Known As Jambs Or Posts And Flat Member Connecting The Jambs At Top Called Head. The Cross-sectional Dimensions Of The Jamb And The Head Are Normally Kept Same. The Size Of Door Frame Is Worked Out After Allowing A Clearance Of 5 Mm. All-round For Convenience Of Fixing The Frame In The Opening. Frames Made From Timber Steel Are Described Below

1.Battened Ledged Door 2 Battened Ledged And Braced Door 3.Battened Ledged Braced And Framed Door 4. Framed And Door 5.Glazed Or Sash Door 6 .Flush door 11. Collapsible Steel Doors 7. Fly proof doors 12.Rolling Steel Shutter Doors 8.Revolving doors 13.Rolling Grill Doors 9. Sliding Door 14.M.S. Sheet Doors 10.Swing doors 15. Fire Check Door

Battened and Ledged Door Plan

x

FRAME 60x100

x Hinge

30mmTHICK BATTEN

HORIZONTAL SECTION

Hold fast

60x100 FRAME

Size MIDDLE LEDGE 200x30

OUT

200x30 LEDGES IN

OUT SCOTCH TE HINGE 30mm TH BATTENS BRICK WALL PLASTER

IN

Definition:BOTTOM LEDGE 200x30

ELEVATION

VERTICALSECTION

This Is The Simplest Form Of Door Commonly Used For Narrow Openings. The Door Consists Of Vertical Battens Or Boards Usually Tongued And Grooved And Fixed Together With Horizontal Battens Known As Ledges. There Are Three Fixed In The Middle Of The Shutter. The Middle Ledges Is Also Known As Lock Ledges.

Battened, ledged, braced,& framed Door Detail Plan Hold fast

Frame

Frame(125X75)

Brick Wall

Top Rail

Bracing

Hinge

HORIZONTAL SECTION

Definition:Lock Rail

Bracing

Bottom Rail

Elevation

Vertical Section

This Type Of Door Is Considered To The Superior In Strength, Durability And Appearance. The Frame Work Of This Type Of Door Consists Of Two Vertical Called Stiles, Three Horizontal Known As Ledges Or Rails, Vertical Battens And Two Inclined Braces. The Rails Positioned Near The Top, Middle And The Bottom Of The Shutter Are Mortised And Tinned Into The Stiles. The Battens Are Generally Tongued And Grooved And V-ted. At Their Upper End, The Battens Are Let Into The Top Rail While At Mid Rail While At Mid Height And Lower Ends They Go Right Over The Middle And Bottom Rails.

led Door Vertical And Horizontal Section A

Frame 60x100

Top rail 100x35

B

EQ

EQ 900

X

Plan

15mm

led Door:Freeze rail 100x35

This Type Of Door Is Commonly Provided In All Types Of Buildings . This Door Consists Of Timber Frame Work Of Stiles And Rails Which Are Grooved On The Inside To Receive One Or More s . The Door May Be Single, Double, Three, Four Or Six ed Also . The s Can Be Timber, Plywood, Block Board Or Hard Board.



Lock rail 150x35



Bottom rail 200x35

Elevation

Section

Six led Door

Glazed or Sash Door Top Rail 35×100 Hold Fast Glass

Brick Wall Frame(60×100)

Glass

Wooden Bead

Wooden Beading 10×20

Lock Rail 35X150

HORIZONTAL SECTION

Wooden

Bottom rail 35×200

ELEVATION

VERTICAL SECTION

Definition:This Type Of Door Is Used In Residential As Well As Public Buildings Like Hospitals, Schools Or Colleges Etc. Glazed Or Sash Doors Are Made In Several Designs. They Can Be Glazed Fully Or Partly. In Case Of Partly Glazed Doors Normally The Bottom 1/3rd Height Of The Door Is led And Remaining 2/3rd Height Is Glazed. In Case Of Partly Glazed Doors, The Stiles Are Sometimes Diminished At The Lock Rail To Improve The Elevation And To Permit More Area Of Glazing In The Process.

Solid Core Type Flush Door Top Rail Frame Stile

A

Solid core of Particle Board

Face Veneer or Plywood Stile

Edge of hard wood Solid core of Particle Board or lipping

Solid core type Flush Door :Cross Band Face Veneer or Plywood

Bottom Rail

ELEVATION

Flush doors have pleasing appearance , simple construction ,high strength and durability and cost less as compared with led doors. Flush door shutter consists of a solid or semisolid framed skeleton covered on both faces with either plywood or a combination of cross bands and face veneers giving perfectly flush and t less surface . In solid core type flush doors the wooden frame used for holding the core consists of stiles, top rails and bottom rails , width of each member being not less than 5 cm.

Solid Core Type Flush Door Top Rail

Stile

Soft wood strips or laminated core pieces

A

Fra me Stile

Face veneer or Ply Wood

Soft wood strips or laminated core pieces Frame

Stile

Face veneer or Ply Wood

Cross Band

Definitions:

Face Veneer or Plywood

Bottom Rail

ELEVATION

Flush Doors Have Pleasing Appearance , Simple Construction ,High Strength And Durability And Cost Less As Compared With led Doors. Flush Door Shutter Consists Of A Solid Or Semisolid Framed Skeleton Covered On Both Faces With Either Plywood Or A Combination Of Cross Bands And Face Veneers Giving Perfectly Flush And t Less Surface . In Solid Core Type Flush Doors The Wooden Frame Used For Holding The Core Consists Of Stiles, Top Rails And Bottom Rails , Width Of Each Member Being Not Less Than 5 Cm.

Hollow Core type Flush door TOP RAIL

FRAME

BATTENS

FACE VENEER OR PLYWOOD

STYLE STILE VOIDS

EDGE OF HARD WOOD OR LIPPING BATTENS

INTERMEDIATE RAIL

A

HORIZONTAL SECTION

Frame Style

FACE VENEER OR PLYWOOD

VOIDS

EDGE OF HARD WOOD OR LIPPING LOCK RAIL

CROSS BAND FACE VENEER OR PLYWOOD BOTTOM RAIL

ELEVATION

ENLARGE VIEW OF HORIZONTAL SECTION

HOLLOW CORE TYPE FLUSH DOOR :-In This Type ,The Frame Consists Of Stiles ,Top Rail ,Bottom Rails And Minimum Two Intermediate Rails-each Not Less Than 75mm. In Width. The Space Between The Stiles And The Rails Is Divided By Fixing Wooden Battens Not Less Than 25 Mm. In Width In Such A Manner That The Voids Are Equally Distributed And Area Of Any Void Remains Less Than 50 Cm Sq . Instead Of Battens ,Rolls Or Strips Of Veneers Can Also Be Used For Forming Core. Plywood Sheets Or Combination Of Crossbands And Face Veneers Are Then Glued Under Pressure On Both Faces Of The Core .The Thickness Of Plywood Used Should Not Be Less Than 6 Mm. In This Type Of Shutter.

Fly-proof Door Frame 75×125mm Hold Fast ed Door

Wooden Frame(75×125) 10 mm

Stile

HORIZONTAL SECTION

Lock Rail 35X150

Fly-proof Door:-

ELEVATION

VERTICAL SECTION

This Type Of Door Is Used To Check The Entry Of Flies, Mosquitoes , Insects Etc. Into The Room And To Allow Free Circulation Of Air At The Same Time. The Door Consists Of Timber Framework Of Vertical Stiles And Horizontal Rails And The Opening Of The s Are Fitted With Fine-mesh Galvanized Wire Gauge. The G.I Wire Is Fixed By Use Of Nails And Timber Beading. Generally The Door Opening In Such A Case Is Provided With Double Shutters. The Shutter Opening Inside The Room Is ed Whereas The Fly Proof Or Wire Gauge Shutter Open Outside The Room Or Wise Versa.

Revolving Door Styles

Inside

Rubber Piece

Glazing Glazing Outside

ELEVATION

Definition: Revolving Door Provides Entrance On One Side And Exit On The Other Side Simultaneously Keeping The Opening Automatically Classed When Not In Use. The Door Essentially Consists Of Four Leaves Radially Attached Central Member Is Provided With Ball-bearing At The Bottom And Bush Bearing At The Top So As To Enable The Door To Revolve Smoothly Without Producing Jerk.

Sliding Door Elevation WALL DOOR OPENING

BRACKETS

TRACK

FRAME

FRAME

SHUTTER FLOOR FINISH

CHANNEL TRACK

Sliding Door Vertical Section

BRACKET LINTEL

TROLLEY OPENING SHUTTER

BALL-BEARING CHANNEL TRACK

Sliding Door Detail Plan Definition:- This Type Of Door Is Suitable Opening

Opening

Opening

For Shops, Sheds, Go-downs, Garage Etc. And In Places Where The Use Of Hinges For Fixing The Shutter Is To Be Avoided. Depending Upon The Size Of The Opening , And The Space Available On Either Side, The Door Can Have Single, Double Or More Number Of Leaves Or Shutters. The Door Is Provided With Top And Bottom Guide Rails Or Runners Within Which The Shutters Slide. The Guide Rails Run Past The Opening For A Distance Equal To The Width Of The Shutter So That When The Door Is Required To Be Opened, The Door Shutter Occupies A New Position Parallel To The Wall Face And Clear Off The Opening. The Shutters Are Also Provided With Locking Arrangements, Handles, Stopper Etc.

Swing Door Frame 100×75mm

35 Mm Thick Flush Shutter

Definitions: -

ELEVATION

VERTICAL SECTION

The Type Of Door Is Generally Provided In ages Of Buildings Like Offices, Banks Etc. The Door May Have Single Shutter Or Two Shutters. The Shutters Are Fixed With Special Hinges Known As Double Action Hinges Which Hold The Shutter In The Closed Position When Not In Use.

Contrast

Single complementary color scheme Split complementary color scheme

Single complementary color scheme

Contrast–contrast Is A Point Of Focus Or Interruption . It Marks The Location In A Composition Which Strongly Draw The Viewers Attention. In Any Composition There Is A Primary(a Main Focus) And A Secondary Focus. Contrast, Dominance And Emphasis Are All One In A Composition. Another Word For Contrast Is SURPRISE

Single complementary color scheme

Composition Project

Front View

Isometric View

Top View

Composition Project

Front View

Isometric View

Top View

Stairs Dog Legged Stairs:It consist of two straight flights of step with abrupt turn between them. A level landing is placed across the two flights at the change of direction.

Stairs

Durian Plan 2D

Outer Dimensions

Ground Floor Plan

Movement: Movement is the process of relocation of objects in space over time

Movement Through Colour

Movement Through Shape (Shape Contour)

Movement Through Line Thickness

Movement of eye from Bright(Green) to Light(White). Contrast creates movement

Movement: Movement is the process of relocation of objects in space over time

Movement Through Lines

Movement Through Gradation

Movement Through Texture

Movement Through Repetition

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