Licensed Copy: Ms. Sarah Robbins, Liverpool John Moores University, 17/10/2011 14:59, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
BRITISH STANDARD
Fire resistance tests for service installations Ð Ducts
The European Standard EN 1366-1:1999 has the status of a British Standard
ICS 13.220.50
NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
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BS EN 1366-1:1999
BS EN 1366-1:1999
National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1366-1:1999.
Licensed Copy: Ms. Sarah Robbins, Liverpool John Moores University, 17/10/2011 14:59, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee FSH/22, Fire resistance tests, to Subcommittee FSH/22/9, Test procedures for ducts, which has the responsibility to: Ð aid enquirers to understand the text; Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. The date of withdrawal of conflicting national standards has been extended to September 2001. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. s of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 35 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.
This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 November 1999 BSI 11-1999
ISBN 0 580 32427 3
Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.
Date
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