Calculo De Enlace Punto A Punto Microondas 453nd

UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE NUEVO LEÓN FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA Y ELÉCTRICA SISTEMAS DE MICROONDAS CATEDRÁTICO: ALUMNO:

JORGE ALBERTO BECERRA-TURRUBIATES.

OSCAR FRANCISCO PRADO ESPARZA 1559638

LORENZO VITE DE LA CRUZ

1500847

SERGIO CAMPOS JAIME 1410482 EDGAR REYES ZAPATA 1393577 PROYECTO FINAL

TEMA: CALCULO DE ENLACE PUNTO A PUNTO FRECUENCIA: L-M-V N5

A 30/05/16 CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN NICOLÁS DE LOS GARZA N.L

INTRODUCCIÓN

PARA LA REALIZACION DEL ENLACE PUNTO A PUNTO MEDIANTE MICROONDAS ES NECESARIO ESPECIFICAR DE LOS PUNTOS QUE VAYAMOS A INSTALAR LAS ANTENAS. PARA ESTO HAY QUE TRAZAR LA TRAYECTORIA CON LINA DE VISTA MEDIANTE CALQUIER APLICACIÓN DE TRAZADO DE RUTAS (GOGLE MAPS, GOGLE EARTH, GPS, ETC). CON AYUDA DE ESTOS SOFTWARES NOS ARROJARA LAS COORDENADAS DE LATITUD Y LONGUITUD DE CADA UNO DE NUESTROS SITIOS.

CARÁCTERISTICAS LOS ENLACES MICROONDAS VIAJAN POR EL ESPACIO LIRE UTILIZANDO COMO MEDIO DE TX EL AIRE , ESTOS ENLACES DEBEN SER EN LINEA RECTA Y CON UNA LINEA DE VISTA ADECUADA PARA SOSTENER VISIVILIDAD UN PUNTO CON EL OTRO, SIN EMARGO MUHAS VECES NOS ENONTRAMOS CON FACTORES QUE LIMITAN NUESTRO ELACE YA SEA POR:    

DISTANCIA FACTORES CLIMATOLOGICOS CALIDAD DEL ENLACE INFRAESTRUCTURA

LEVANTAMIENTO DE LAS COORDENADAS DE LOS SITIOS 

SITIO “A” TRANSMISOR TORRE DE RECORTIA CD UNIVERSITARIA

LATITUD: 25.433182” N LONGUITUD: 100.183735” O



SITIO “B” TRANSMISIOR TELEVISA MONTERREY

LATITUD: 25.404306” N LONGUITUD: 100.191311” O

CÁLCULO DE ENLÁCE EL DISEÑO DE UN RADIO ENLACE IMPLICA TODO UNA SERIE DE CÁLCULOS QUE PUEDERESULTAR SENCILLOS O TREMENDAMENTE COMPLICADOS, DEPENDIENDO DE LAS CARACTERISTICAS DEL SISTEMA Y DEL TIPO DE PROBLEMA LA QUE NOS ENFRENTAMOS. RESULTA CLARAMENTE INVIABLE REALIZAR LA PLANIFICACION DE UNA RED WIMAX EN UN ENTORNO URBANO SIN AUDA DE UN SIMULADOR DE SOFTWARE, QUE INORPORE MODULOS DE PROPAGACION PRECISOS E INFORMACION DETALLADA SOBRE EL ENTORNO, COMO: EDIFICIOS, VEGETACION,E TC. SIN EMARGO, EL DISEÑO DE UN ENLACE PUNTO A PUNTO DE CORTO ENLACE ENTRE ANTENAS QUE DISPONEN DE VISIÓN DRECTA PUEDEN LLEVARSE ACABO SORE EL PAPEL SIN MAYORES PROBEMAS. PARA ESTOS ULTMIMOS CASOS, LAS CALCULADORAS DE RADIOENLACE RESULTAN DE GRAB UTILIDAD, EXISTIENDO UNA FORMA MUY VARIADA QUE SE ENCUENTRA ACCESIBLE VIA WEB Y QUE NOS FACILITA EL CÁLCULO SISTEMÁTICO DE PARÁMETROS Y VARIABLES MUY TIPICAS COMO:       

FRECUENCIA DE ENLACE PERDIDAS EN EL ESPACIO LIRE ALIMENTACION DEL TX GANANCIA DE LA ANTENA ALCANCE BALANCE DE POTENCIAS MARGEN DE FRENTE DE DESVIAMIENTO

CÁLCULO DE PERDIDAS EN EL ESPACIO LIBRE Y RSL. ANALIZAMOS QUE LA POTENCIA DE LA SEÑAL SE REDUCE POR ENSANCHAMIENTO DEL FRENTE DE ONDA EN LO QUE SE CONOCE COMO PERDIDA EN EL ESPACIO LIBRE. LA POTENCIA DE LA SEÑALSE DISTRUBUYE SOBRE UN FRENTE DE ONDA DE ÁREA CADA VEZMAYOR A MEDIDA QUE NOS ALEJAMOS DEL TRANSISOR, POR LO QUE LA DENSIDAD DE POTENCIA DISMINUYE. LdB= 92.45 + 20Log (Dkm) + 20Log (FGhz). NOTA: LA DISTANCIA Y LA FRECUENCIA SIEMPRE DEBEN DE SER EN KM Y GHZ.

LdB: 92.45 + 20 Log (5.47 Km)+ 20 Log (13 Ghz)=

dB.

129.488613573

PARA EL CALCULO DE NIVEL DE SEÑAL DE RECEPCION SE UTILIZA LA SIGUIENTE FÓRMULA:

LINK BUDGET: RECIBE NIVEL DE SEÑAL ( RSL ) :

RSL = P.O. - L + G .CTX .ATX - L + G .CRX .ATX – FSL ENLACE FÓRMULA VIABILIDAD RSL > O = RX (UMBRAL DE SENSIBILIDAD DEL RECEPTOR ). PO = POTENCIA DE SALIDA DEL TRANSMISOR ( DBM). LCTX , LCRX = PÉRDIDA (CABLE , CONECTORES , UNIDAD DE DERIVACIÓN ) ENTRE EL TRANSMISOR / RECEPTOR Y LA ANTENA ( DB ). GATX = GANANCIA DE LA ANTENA DEL TRANSMISOR / RECEPTOR ( DB ) FSL = PÉRDIDA EN EL ESPACIO LIBRE ( DB ) EL MARGEN DE DESVANECIMIENTO SE CALCULA CON RESPECTO AL NIVEL DEL UMBRAL DEL RECEPTOR PARA UNA TASA DE BITS DE ERROR DADO ( BER ) .LA RADIO PUEDE MANEJAR CUALQUIER COSA QUE AFECTA A LA SEÑAL DE RADIO DENTRO DEL MARGEN DE DESVANECIMIENTO PERO SI SE EXCEDE, A CONTINUACIÓN, EL ENLACE PODRÍA BAJAR Y POR LO TANTO, DE ESTAR DISPONIBLES. EL NIVEL DE UMBRAL PARA BER = 10 -6 DE ENERGÍA PARA EQUIPOS DE MICROONDAS QUE SOLÍA SER ALREDEDOR DE 3 DB MAYOR QUE PARA BER = 10 -3 POTENCIA. EN CONSECUENCIA, EL MARGEN DE DESVANECIMIENTO FUE DE 3 DB MAYOR PARA BER = 10-6 DE BER = 10-3. EN LA GENERACIÓN DE NUEVAS RADIOS DE MICROONDAS CON ESQUEMAS DE CORRECCIÓN DE ERROR DE POTENCIA HACIA ADELANTE ESTA DIFERENCIA ES DE 0,5 A 1,5 DB.

NIVEL DE SEÑAL DE RECEPCION RSL= 10 dBm - 2 dB + 44.4 dBi – 129. 488613573 dB + 44.4 dBi – 2 dB =

-40.6486 dBm

HP6-13 1.8 m | 6 ft High Performance Parabolic Reflector Antenna, Single-polarized, 12.713.25GHz

General Specifications Antenna Type

High Performance Parabolic Reflector Antenna

Size, nominal

6 ft | 1.8 m

Polarization

Single

Electrical Specifications Operating Frequency Band

12.7 - 13.25 GHz

Half Power Beamwidth, Horizontal

0.9 degrees

Half Power Beamwidth, Vertical

0.9 degrees

Cross-Polarization Discrimination

30 dB

Front to Back Ratio (F/B)

70 dB

Gain, Low Frequency

44.3 dBi

Gain, Mid Frequency

44.4 dBi

Gain, High Frequency

44.6 dBi

VSWR

1.37:1

Return Loss

-16.1 dB

Mechanical Specifications

Fine Elevation Adjustment

+/- 10 degrees

Mounting Pipe Diameter, Min

4.5 inch | 11.4 cm

Mounting Pipe Diameter, Max

4.5 inch | 11.4 cm

Net Weight

251 lbs | 113 kg

Wind Velocity Operational

90 mph | 145 km/h

Wind Velocity Survival Rating

125 mph | 201 km/h

Mechanical Configuration

HP6

Axial Force (FA)

1680 lbs | 7473 N

Side Force (FS)

832 lbs | 3700 N

Twisting Moment (MT)

2100 ft-lbs | 2847 Nm

Operating temperature range

-40 to +60 C

Max pressure, psig, (if waveguide interface)

5

Fine Azimuth Adjustment

+/- 10 degrees

Regulatory Compliance

FCC

Part 101 Cat. A

ETSI

302217 R1 C3

RoHS-complaint

Yes

Shipping Information

Package Type

Wood Crate

Gross Weight

401 lbs | 181.8 kg

Dimensions, L x W x H

77 x 35 x 80in | 195 x 89 x 203 cm

Shipping Volume

124.77 cu ft | 3.53 cu m

Additional Comments

Choose Radiowaves products for best performance and reliability

Technical Drawings

Radiowaves Glossary Axial Force:

Force applied to the face of the antenna due to wind at specified wind speed

Beamwidth

The total width of the main beam measured in degrees between the 3-dB (half-power) points on either side of the peak of the main beam

Cross Polarization Discrimination (XPD)

The dB difference between maximum received co-polarized signal at electrical boresight and maximum received cross-polarized signal

Front to Back Ratio (F/B)

Gain

The dB difference between maximum received signal at electrical boresight to maximum received signal behind the antenna (180 +/- 40 degrees)

A measure of how well the antenna focuses available energy into a single beam. Larger antennas typically have higher gains and smaller beamwidths.

Gross Weight

Shipping weight, includes weight of antenna plus packaging materials

Net Weight

Weight of antenna only as mounted on tower.

Operating Frequency Band

The frequency limits between which the antenna meets declared specifications. Antennas may operate outside the frequency band with mild performance degradation.

Return Loss

A measure of how much rf energy incident upon the antenna is reflected back from whence it came, expressed as a negative dB value.

Side Force (FS)

Force applied to the side of the antenna due to wind at specified wind speed

Twisting Moment (MT)

The torsional (twisting) moment (force x distance) applied to the mounting pipe due to wind at the specified wind speed.

A measure of how much rf energy incident upon the antenna is reflected back from whence it

VSWR came, expressed as a ratio

Wind Velocity Operational

Wind speed where the antenna deflection is less than or equal to 0.1 degrees

Wind Velocity Survival Rating

Wind speed where the antenna will not suffer permanent damage, but may require repointing.

3

13.3

IDU Specifications

13.3.1

Physical

Dimensions Weight

13.3.2

44.5 mm (1RU) x 430 mm x 305 mm - 1.75” (1RU) x 19 “ x 12 “ 4.6 kg - 10 lbs.

Environmental

Temperature Range

-33º C to + 55º C

Humidity

100% condensing

Altitude

5,000 metres above sea level

13.3.3

“N” Type Connector - Frequencies and Levels

Tx IF

400 MHz @ -35 dBm ±3 dB (@ ODU Input)

Rx IF

140 MHz @ -10dBm ± 3 dB (@ODU output)

Information Bandwidth (-3db)

54 MHz

Up-link Telemetry – Half Duplex

13.5 MHz, AM, -15 dBm ±3 dBm

Down-link Telemetry – Half Duplex

10 MHz, AM, -15 dBm ±3 dBm

DC Voltage

Supply Voltage and Polarity

Power Consumption- Standard Power

22 Watts

Power Consumption - High Power

27 Watts

13.3.4

Telemetry

Initialisation Control Protocol

Telemetry Commands

Telemetry Status Displays Configuration

ODU initiated by IDU during start-up / reset Full control of ODU from IDU LCD/Keypad or via MINet (NMS applications) Proprietary including check sum. 19200 baud, 8 bits, 1 stop bit, no parity (RS232 on AM modulated carrier) 1. TX Power Mute 2. TX Power level 3. TX-IF Attenuation 4. TX-IF frequency 5. TX-IF LO Frequency 6. RX-IF Attenuation 7. RX-IF frequency 8. RX-IF LO Frequency 9. RX-IF LO Frequency 10. Mode of operation: Normal/Loop-Back 1. TX Power level 2. RX Power level 3. Synthesisers Freq. Lock Indications 4. BITE Indications IDU is Master, ODU is slave

Hardware

U, 128k RAM (code/data), 500 K Flash (Boot, Bank A/B code for downland, nonvolatile memory for parameters)

Telemetry Hand-shaking

Acknowledge every IDU request after maximum 30 msec

130

13.4

Transmitters Frequency Range (GHz) Tx/Rx Spacing (MHz) Tx Output Power – Std Power (dBm) (-0 / + 2Power dB over Tx Output – High Power (dBm) (-0 / + 2 dB Tx Output Power Control Range

7 GHz

8 GHz

10.5 GHz

13 GHz

15 GHz

18 GHz

7.1 – 7.9 154 161 245

10.5 – 10.7

12.7 – 13.3

14.5 – 15.4 315 420 490 644

17.7 – 19.7

+24

7.7 – 8.5 116 126 311.3 2 +24

+27

+22

+28

+28

1 dB

Tx Output Mute Level

<-45 dBm

Tx Output Mute Activation Time

<1 msec

Flatness: Entire band

 2 dB

Flatness: Over 65 MHz

 0.5 dB

Flatness: Over 20 MHz Frequency Stability Spectral Purity (spurii): 1 GHz Spectral Purity (spurii): + 1 GHz SSB Phase Noise @ F=10 kHz SSB Phase Noise @ F=100 kHz SSB Phase Noise @ F=1 MHz

 0.2 dB  5 parts per million including aging < -50 dBm < -30 dBm -70 dBc/Hz -85 dBc/Hz -100 dBc/Hz

266

+25

+27

N/A

-10 dBm to Maximum Power

Tx Output Power Step Size

65 91

1010 1560

RECIVER Frequency Range (GHz)

Tx/Rx Spacing (MHz) -3

Receiver Threshold @ BER 10 – 7 MHz Channel ( 2 dB over temperature) -3 Receiver Threshold @ BER 10 – 14 MHz Channel ( 2 dB over temperature) -3 Receiver Threshold @ BER 10 – 28 MHz Channel ( 2 dB over temperature) -6 Receiver Threshold @ BER 10 – 7 MHz Channel ( 2 dB over -6 temperature) Receiver Threshold @ BER 10 – 14 MHz Channel ( 2 dB over -6 temperature) Receiver Threshold @ BER 10 – 28 MHz Channel ( 2 dB over temperature) Noise Figure (Maximum Over Temp.)

7 GHz 7.1 – 7.9

8 GHz 7.7 – 8.5

1 5 4 1 -87 dBm

116 126 311.3 2

13 GHz 12.7 – 13.3

15 GHz 14.5 – 15.4

-86 dBm

101 0 156 0 -85 dBm

-87 dBm

-85.5 dBm

-83 dBm

-83 dBm

-82 dBm

-82.5 dBm

-82.5 dBm

-80 dBm

-80 dBm

-80 dBm

-79 dBm

-79.5 dBm

-79.5 dBm

-83 dBm -80 dBm -77 dBm

-83 dBm -80 dBm -77 dBm

-83 dBm -80 dBm -77 dBm

-82 dBm -79 dBm -77 dBm

-82.5 dBm -79.5 dBm -76.5 dBm

-82.5 dBm -79.5 dBm -76.5 dBm

38 G 37 .5 – 40 70 0 12 60 82 dB 80 dB 77 dB 80 77 74

<4.8 dB

<5.0 dB

<5.7 dB

<6 .2

266

315 420 490 644

-86 dBm

6 5 9 1 -86 dBm

-86 dBm

-84 dBm

-83 dBm

-83 dBm

-81 dBm

-80 dBm

-84 dBm -81 dBm -78 dBm

-83 dBm -80 dBm -77 dBm

<4.2 dB

<4.2 dB

Input Power Range Information Bandwidth (-3dB)

<4.5 <4.5 dB dB -90 dBm to 0 dBm 54 MHz

IF Centre Frequency

140 MHz

IF Bandwidth (-1 dB)

100 MHz

IF Output Power

0 dBm ± 3 dB  1 dB

Power Flatness over IF band Receive Power Resolution

1dB  2 dB

Receive Power Accuracy Spectral Purity: Harmonics Of The Input Freq. Spectral purity: Spurious, F<0.5 MHz Spectral purity: Spurious, F>0.5 MHz SSB Phase Noise @ F=10 kHz SSB Phase Noise @ F=100 kHz

10.5 GHz 10.5 – 10.7

< -15 dB < -40 dBc < -60 dBc -70 dBc/Hz -85 dBc/Hz

18 GHz 17.7 – 19.7

23 GHz 21.2 – 23.6 100 8 120 0

<5.3 dB

26 GHz 24.5 – 26.5

1008

Product Specifications CNT-400 CNT400, CNT® 50 Ohm Braided Coaxial Cable, variable, black PE jacket

Construction Materials Jacket Color

Black

Jacket Material

Nonhalogenated PE

Braid Material

Tinned copper

Shield Tape Material

Aluminum

Dielectric Material

Foam PE

Inner Conductor Material

Copperclad aluminum wire

Dimensions Cable Weight

0.10 kg/m

Diameter Over Dielectric

7.240 mm

Diameter Over Jacket

10.290 mm

Diameter Over Tape

7.391 mm

Inner Conductor OD

2.7400 mm

Nominal Size

0.400 in

Outer Conductor OD

8.080 mm

Electrical Specifications

| 0.285 in | 0.405 in | 0.291 in | 0.1079 in

| 0.318 in

Cable Impedance

50 ohm

Capacitance

78.0 pF/m | 24.0 pF/ft

dc Resistance, Inner Conductor

4.690 ohms/km

| 1.430 ohms/kft

dc Resistance, Outer Conductor

5.610 ohms/km

| 1.710 ohms/kft

dc Test Voltage

2500 V

Jacket Spark Test Voltage (rms)

4000 V

Maximum Frequency

16.20 GHz

Operating Frequency Band

30 – 6000 MHz

Peak Power

16.0 kW

Shielding Effectiveness

>90 dB

Velocity

85%

Environmental Specifications Installation Temperature

40 °C to +85 °C (40 °F to +185 °F)

Operating Temperature

40 °C to +85 °C (40 °F to +185 °F)

Storage Temperature

70 °C to +85 °C (94 °F to +185 °F)

©2016 CommScope, Inc. All rights reserved. All trademarks identified by® or ™ are ed trademarks, respectively, of CommScope.

All specifications are subject to change without notice. See www.commscope.com for the most current information. Revised: January 16, 2016

page 1 of 2

May 20, 2016

Product Specifications CNT-400

General Specifications Cable Type

CNT400

Braid Coverage

90% braid

Brand

CNT®

Mechanical Specifications Bending Moment

0.7 Nm |

0.5 ft lb

Flat Plate Crush Strength

0.7 kg/mm

|

Minimum Bend Radius, Single Bend 25.40 mm Tensile Strength

40.0 lb/in

| 1.00 in

73 kg | 160 lb

Electrical Performance Frequency

Attenuation (dB/100 m)

Attenuation (dB/100 ft)

30 MHz

2.49

0.76

50 MHz

3.18

0.97

150 MHz

4.92

1.50

220 MHz

6.23

1.90

450 MHz

8.86

2.70

900 MHz

12.80

3.90

1500 MHz

16.70

5.10

1800 MHz

18.40

5.60

2000 MHz

19.40

5.90

2400 MHz

21.65

6.60

2500 MHz

22.00

6.70

3000 MHz

24.60

7.50

4000 MHz

28.87

8.80

4500 MHz

30.84

9.40

5000 MHz

32.81

10.00

Regulatory Compliance/Certifications Agency

Classification

RoHS 2011/65/EU

Compliant

China RoHS SJ/T 113642006

Below Maximum Concentration Value (MCV)

ISO 9001:2008

Designed, manufactured and/or distributed under this quality management system

BIBLIOGRAFIA: www.eslared.org.ve/walc2012/.../07-Presupuesto_de_potencia-es-v1.14-Notes.pdf www.analfatecnicos.net/archivos/24.CalculoDeRadioenlace.pdf https://www.google.com.mx/intl/es/earth/ www.radioworks.com/ www.radiowaves.com/en/product/hp6-13 foro.syscom.mx/index.php?p=/discussion/3630/software-airlink-ubiquiti... www.commscope.com/catalog/brand...cnt/.../product_details.aspx... teleport-pskov.ru/files/docs/harris/D-MKT138A-E.pdf