Cell Structure And Function Matching Key 2g1yw

Name: _______________________

Date: ____________

BIOLOGY 12 THE CELL Read through pages 49 to 61 and answer the following questions: Part A: Mix and Match! Each definition has only one correct matching answer MATCH G K L I J A D T

N E F S R

O M B P U Q C H

DEFINITION 1. internal framework that anchors organelles, gives shape 2. cellular "ropes" made of repeating units of the protein actin 3. hollow tubes for transport, movement, made of actin & tubulin proteins 4. vesicles pinch off these structures; proteins modified and packaged here 5. cellular "stomach" 6. selectively permeable "doorman" 7. the most important plastid, turns CO2, H2O, sunlight into glucose 8. membrane-bound spheres that store water & dissolved materials. Membrane surrounding it is called a tonoplast. Plants have a large, central one. 9. site of rRNA production in nucleus 10. rod-like structures that package the DNA into neat, discrete units; play role in cell division 11. used for movement, and to move material past cell. Beat back and forth like little oars 12. site of lipid synthesis 13. appearance due to being peppered with ribosomes; this membranous network receives the just-synthesized protein and may modify it 14. the "brain" of the cell 15. this organelle has a double membrane and converts glucose and O2 to produce energy in the form of ATP 16. enclose plant cells. Strong cellulose fibers give rigidity 17. small organelles in plants that contain pigments or store starch 18. small membranous spheres that transport materials around cell, out of cell via exocytosis, and into cell via endocytosis 19. made of rRNA and protein, these small, numerous organelles are the site of protein synthesis 20. twin barrel like structures in animal cells that play a role in cell division; have 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubules 21. whip-like structures used for movement in unicellular organisms; have 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules

TERM A) cell membrane B) cell wall C) centriole D) chloroplast E) chromosome F) cilia G) cytoskeleton H) flagella

I) Golgi body J) lysosomes K) microfilament L) microtubule M) mitochondria

N) nucleolus O) nucleus P) plastids Q) ribosome R) rough endoplasmic reticulum S) smooth endoplasmic reticulum T) vacuoles U) vesicle

Part B: Make a table, something along the lines of the one below, except BIGGER, and fill in the necessary information about each one of the organelles listed. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m.

ORGANELLE Vesicles & vacuoles Centrioles Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Nucleus Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Mitochondria Lysosomes Golgi bodies Chromosomes Cell membrane

LABELED SKETCH

DESCRIBE STRUCTURE

DESCRIBE FUNCTION

Include phospholipid bilayer, channel proteins, receptor proteins, cholesterol, carbohydrates

Part C- Please answer the following questions in full sentences and on a separate paper. For the following organelles, relate the structure to the function. a) chloroplast b) mitochondrion c) smooth endoplasmic reticulum d) Golgi bodies a) CHLOROPLAST: double membrane organelle with a fluid filled space – the interconnected stacks of thylakoids increase the surface area = more area for photosynthesis to occur b) MITOCHONDRION: double membrane organelle-the inner membrane invaginates to form the cristae giving more surface area for cellular respiration c) SMOOTH ER: a series of membranous channels and saccuoles –increase surface area for receiving and shipping vesicles of phospholipids d) GOLGI BODIES: stacks of slightly curved saccuoles-increase in surface area for receiving and shipping vesicles of proteins or phospholipids 2. Explain how the following organelles work together: a) nucleus and rough endoplasmic reticulum b) vesicle and lysosome c) smooth endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles d) ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum e) centrioles and flagellum f) mitochondria and chloroplast To explain how the organelles work together read the following: a) rRNA is produced in the nucleolus in the NUCLEUS where it combines with proteins to make ribosomes-ribosomes attach to ER to make ROUGH ER –the instructions for proteins are in the nucleus and a copy is sent to the ribosomes on the ER to synthesize proteins b) VESICLES may contain large molecules that need to be broken down – if a LYSOSOME fuses with a vesicle then the contents will be digested/broken down into smaller pieces c) VESICLES transport phospholipids that the SMOOTH ER makes and takes them to the Golgi apparatus d) proteins are synthesized at the RIBOSOMES found on the ROUGH ER e) CENTRIOLES provide the basal bodies that direct the making of FLAGELLA f) carbohydrates made in the CHLOROPLASTS are broken down in the MITOCHONDRIA 1.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

If a tiny hole is made in a plasma membrane, it usually "heals" immediately, and no harm results. What property of the plasma membrane allows this? THE FLUID PROPERTY OF THE CELL’S LIPID BILAYER ALLOW THE PLASMA MEMBRANE TO HEAL IF THERE IS A HOLE IN IT. Lipids, small molecules, and uncharged particles into and out of the cell with relative ease. What characteristics of the cell membrane can be inferred from these observations? FROM THESE OBSERVATIONS, THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE ARE THAT IT IS COMPOSED LARGELY OF NON-POLAR LIPIDS AND CONTAINS PORES FOR SMALL MOLECULES Describe the Fluid Mosaic Model of membrane structure. THE FLUID MOSAIC MODEL OF MEMBRANE STRUCTURE IS A BILAYER OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN WHICH PROEIN MOLECULES ARE PARTIALLY OR WHOLEY INSERTED. LIPID PROTEINS ARE THE “MOSAIC”. A continuous system of membranous channels is believed to connect the nucleus with the cell membrane. Describe the structure and function of the organelles prominent in this system. THE ORGANELLES THAT ARE PROMINENT IN THE CONTINUOUS SYSTEM OF MEMBRANOS CHANNELS OR ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM INCLUDE THE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, GOLGI APPARATUS, VESICLES, AND CELL MEMBRANE. LOOK AT NOTES FOR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION. Why is the nucleus centrally positioned in most eukaryotic cells? THE NUCLEUS IS CENTRALLY POSITIONED IN MOST EUKARYOTIC CELLS BECAUSE ITS MESSAGES (RNA) NEED TO DIFFUSE TO ALL AREAS OF THE CELL, SO A CENTRAL LOCATION IS MOST LOGICAL. 8. What challenges face a cell that undergoes a great increase in size? How can the cell overcome these challenges? THE CHALLENGE THAT A CELL FACES WHEN IT INCREASES IN SIZE IS THAT THERE IS A DECREASE IN SA:V RATIO. THIS DECREASE MAKES IT HARDER FOR THE CELL TO EXCHANGE ENOUGH NUTRIENTS, WASTES AND GASES WITH THE ENVIRONMENT. TO OVERCOME THIS CHALLENGE CELLS CAN DIVIDE, SLOW DOWN THEIR METABOLISM, OR CHANGE SHAPE (TO MAXIMIZE SA:V RATIO).