Cells 6b414p

OBJECTIVES 1. To identify the structures and functions of an animal cell and plant cell. 2. To calculate and indicate the magnification of the drawing. MATERIAL AND METHODS To begin with, a prepared slide of an animal liver was examined under LPO to HPO. Under high magnification all structure of the cell was seen. A drawing of the cell under HPO with principal parts labeled was made and the magnification of the drawing was calculated. Same procedure has done with an epithelial cell, were a small lining of your cheek was scraped to be viewed and observed under LPO and HPO. The parts of the cell were being identified and drawn with the magnification of the drawing being indicated. Another observation was done with a chicken egg (with the shell removed), with a drawing of the actual object was made, labeled with all the parts and the calculation the magnification of the drawing being indicated. Done with the animal cells, next are the plant cells. An epidermis of an onion was mounted and examined under LPO to HPO with a drop of iodine. After observing the possible effects, a drawing was made with the magnification being indicated. Next being examined was a potato cell, where a very, very thin slice of potato was mounted and examined under LPO to HPO where later a drop of iodine solution to the specimen was made. The specimen then again was examined under LPO then under LPO. A sketch of the potato cell was made with together with the labels of the visible parts, before and after the iodine solution being added. The magnification of the drawing ,of both drawing were indicated. Lastly, a leaf from a spring of Hydrilla was mounted then examined LPO to HPO. A sketch of the drawing under HPO was made with the labeled parts and the magnification of the drawing was indicated. RESULTS AND OBESERVATION Cells of both animal and plant were being observed under the microscope to identify the parts that are visible. As seen through the microscope, under high magnification the liver cell of an animal only three visible parts were seen which are the cell membrane, cytoplasm and the nucleus while the other two are not visible and a computed magnification of drawing of 12307.69x . Same on the epithelial cell, only two parts were visible the cell membrane and the nucleus, as always. Unlike the liver cell and the epithelial cell, the chicken egg showed no nonvisible parts, all parts were visible, where

at the upper right the yolk can be seen surrounded with the Albumin and the other parts like Vitelline membrane were you can visualize the delicate membrane surrounding the entire ovum and the same goes as the Blastodisc and the Chalaza and given a magnification of drawing of 6.4x. As to the plant cells they have few similar parts with the animals parts namely, the nucleus and the cell membrane while the others are not found on both opposite cells. On the onion cells all four parts specifically the cell walls, cell membrane, vacuole and the nucleus are all visible under high magnification. The iodine solution gave a clear view of the cell wall and the nucleus and the color haven’t change it stayed the same, pale brown and given the magnification of drawing of 2800x. As with the potato cell, without the iodine solution only the cell membrane, starch and the vacuole are visible with the magnification of drawing of 1800x but with the iodine solution added; the parts were visible to see, namely the cell wall, cell membrane, starch and the vacuole with a 864x as the magnification of drawing. Lastly the Hydrilla Leaf cell have the cell wall, cell membrane and the chloroplast visible. DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS The cell is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Our Bodies are also made up of trillions of cells. Cells are so miniscule that it can’t be seen by the naked eye. The microscope which is made up to magnify microscopic specimens aided to view and examine the different cells; Animal Cells and Plant Cells. In examining the liver cell, not all of the structures are visible because there was no staining method use for the parts to be seen well. The epithelial cells are unstained that will appear transparent, with a little light as possible is used for better view. In general Cheek cells are almost irregular acquiring an almost round shape. The cheek cells are made of an epithelial layer on which the cells attach themselves. Usually, these cells are tightly packed due to a very high rate of cell division. During the observation a drop of methylene blue was added to the edge of the cover slip which made the nuclei more visible. Methylene blue stains negatively charged molecules in the cell, including DNA and RNA. This dye is toxic when ingested and it causes irritation when in with the skin and eyes. A chicken egg is also a cell but this cell no longer need a microscope to be magnified. The parts of the chicken egg are seen entirely visible. Having a

large size given an egg shell; The larger egg cell, the more energy available to be used for developing embryo prior to the availability of an external energy source. The egg cells are larger than most cells because a chicken egg cell needs to be larger. In that one cell are all the substances the growing chick needs. Its made up for when the cell starts diving mitotically. The larger a cell gets the more nutrients it requires to through the cell membrane. This is what keeps most cells small. The foremost function of an egg cell is to reproduce an offspring. It also supplies the energy required for cell replication and division.

Plant cells are eukaryotic cell that differ in numerous key aspects from the cells of other eukaryotic organisms. An onion cell, generally are rectangular in shape. The onion cell may appear as a rounded rectangle, or even almost oblong occasionally. Cells shapes varies depending on the type of cell because they have dissimilar formations, sizes and particular jobs to do in the body. Droping a

REFERENCE http://www.ask.com/question/what-is-the-general-shape-of-a-cheek-cell

http://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/microscopes4schools/humancheek.php http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_advantage_of_a_large_size_egg_cell?#slide2 http://www.ask.com/question/what-is-the-function-of-an-egg-cell http://www.ask.com/question/what-is-the-shape-of-an-onion-cell