Ch 1-1 Introduction To Basic Telephone 5e6w27
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INTRODUCTION TO TELEPHONE NETWORK
Understand basic principle of telephone system. Define telephony and telephony system. Define subscriber loop. Explain the subscriber loop by drawing a simplified subscriber loop showing telephone set connected to a local exchange. Identify ‘tip’ and ‘ring’.
Explain the basic functions of a standard telephone set. Draw a block diagram of a telephone set components : ringer circuit, on/off hook circuit, equalizer circuit, speaker, microphone, hybrid network and dialing circuit. Explain the function of each block. Explain the bandwidth of a voice channel in a telephone system.
Communication
Telecommunication
Tele/communications -
The process of transmitting a message between two remote locations. Message - could be Voice, Music, Textual, Pictorial (graph, diagram, image, etc.) or moving image (video).
The telephone network, until the last decade, was almost entirely analog The telecommunication system is divided into four possible elements.
Telecommunication
End systems or instruments
Transmission
Switching
Signaling
There are 3 main parts as shown in above figure Transmitting transducer Receiving transducer One pair wire system
Defination Telephony is the field of technology involving the development, application, and deployment of telecommunication services for the purpose of electronic transmission of voice, fax, or data, between distant parties.
Telephony system - A system of telecommunications in which telephonic equipment is employed in the transmission of speech or other sound between points, with or without the use of wires.
The telephone network is made of 5 major components : End Instrument (Telephone)
Local Loop Exchange Trunk Transmission Media
Figure : Major components in telephone network
TELEPHONE SYSTEM The telephone is a familiar end instrument in telecommunication switching system. The development of telephone and circuits started around 1850. The table below shows the development of telephone.
Main Distribution Frame (MDF) The Main Distribution Frame is situated at the telephone exchange. It is used to connect the customer (phone ) with the main switching system after ing through the cabinet. It comprises of all the customers and data which are situated in one area or district.
The duties of MDF : To test the phone line. To execute the jumper process. To check the problem phone line. To cut the phone line manually. To connect the phone line manually
Cabinet The cabinet is a place to distribute lines to the DP Box before reaching a customer’s house. Connection from the cabinet to the main distributor normally uses the ‘lead’ cable of different sizes where each of it has 200 pairs and to be distributed to about 20 DP Box. From the cabinet to the DP Box, it uses the plastic cable. In the cabinet, there are 1800 pairs of terminals. The Cabinet’s functions are as follows : To save the usage of cable and replacing cable would be easier. To avoid the t to be opened and this would save cost and time. To act as a place to perform maintenance checking. To upgrade the arrangement of lines.
Distribution Point Box (DP) The DP Box’s function is to make maintenance work and underground cabling easier. Usually, the DP Box has 10 pairs but only 8 pairs are used and the others kept for testing work from DP Box to the main distributor .
Upper Cable The upper cable is used to make connection with the customers using the DP Box. The two wire cable normally is used. Underground Cable The underground cable is connected to the cabinet from the DP through man-holes. The underground cable will end at the telephone exchange
TIP
RING
TIP is the ground side (positive)
RING is the battery (negative) side of phone circuit
TIP is The GREEN wire which is connected to the wall jack
RING is The RED wire which is connected to the wall jack
it used to provides the ground return.
it function is to carry the voice and ringing signal
Usually measures ground when on-hook
Usually measures -48Volts when on-hook
It requests the use of the telephone system when the handset is lifted. It indicates that the system is ready for use by receiving a tone, called dialing tone. It sends the number of the telephone to be called to the system. This number is initiated by the caller when the number is pressed or the dial is rotated. It indicates the state of the call in progress by receiving tones indicating the status (ringing, busy, etc).
It indicates an incoming call to the called telephone by ringing bells or other audible tones. It changes speech of the calling party to electrical signals for transmission to a distant party through the system. It change electrical signals received from a distant party to speech for the called party. It automatically adjust for changes in the power supplied it. It signals the system that a call is finished when a caller ‘hang-up’ the handset.
A telephone set is an apparatus that creates an exact likeness of sound waves with an electric current. The essential components of a telephone set are the ringer circuit, on/off hook circuit, equalizer circuit, hybrid circuit, speaker, microphone, and a dialling circuit.
Human
speech covers the frequency range of 100 to 7000 Hz (hertz) but research has shown that the intelligence part of human speech is carried in the 300 - 3400 Hz range. This range is called the Voice Band.
The
Voice Channel has a range of 0 to 4 kHz (4000 Hz). The area from 3400 to 4000 Hz is used for system control and is called Out of Band Signalling.
Voice Channel 0-4,000 Hz
Voltage
Voice Bandwidth 300-3,300 Hz
Guard Band
0
300
Guard Band
Frequency (Hertz)
3,300
4,000
35
Two Minute paper
Discuss with your partner, sketch the block diagram of a telephone set.
Understand basic principle of telephone system. Define telephony and telephony system. Define subscriber loop. Explain the subscriber loop by drawing a simplified subscriber loop showing telephone set connected to a local exchange. Identify ‘tip’ and ‘ring’.
Explain the basic functions of a standard telephone set. Draw a block diagram of a telephone set components : ringer circuit, on/off hook circuit, equalizer circuit, speaker, microphone, hybrid network and dialing circuit. Explain the function of each block. Explain the bandwidth of a voice channel in a telephone system.
Communication
Telecommunication
Tele/communications -
The process of transmitting a message between two remote locations. Message - could be Voice, Music, Textual, Pictorial (graph, diagram, image, etc.) or moving image (video).
The telephone network, until the last decade, was almost entirely analog The telecommunication system is divided into four possible elements.
Telecommunication
End systems or instruments
Transmission
Switching
Signaling
There are 3 main parts as shown in above figure Transmitting transducer Receiving transducer One pair wire system
Defination Telephony is the field of technology involving the development, application, and deployment of telecommunication services for the purpose of electronic transmission of voice, fax, or data, between distant parties.
Telephony system - A system of telecommunications in which telephonic equipment is employed in the transmission of speech or other sound between points, with or without the use of wires.
The telephone network is made of 5 major components : End Instrument (Telephone)
Local Loop Exchange Trunk Transmission Media
Figure : Major components in telephone network
TELEPHONE SYSTEM The telephone is a familiar end instrument in telecommunication switching system. The development of telephone and circuits started around 1850. The table below shows the development of telephone.
Main Distribution Frame (MDF) The Main Distribution Frame is situated at the telephone exchange. It is used to connect the customer (phone ) with the main switching system after ing through the cabinet. It comprises of all the customers and data which are situated in one area or district.
The duties of MDF : To test the phone line. To execute the jumper process. To check the problem phone line. To cut the phone line manually. To connect the phone line manually
Cabinet The cabinet is a place to distribute lines to the DP Box before reaching a customer’s house. Connection from the cabinet to the main distributor normally uses the ‘lead’ cable of different sizes where each of it has 200 pairs and to be distributed to about 20 DP Box. From the cabinet to the DP Box, it uses the plastic cable. In the cabinet, there are 1800 pairs of terminals. The Cabinet’s functions are as follows : To save the usage of cable and replacing cable would be easier. To avoid the t to be opened and this would save cost and time. To act as a place to perform maintenance checking. To upgrade the arrangement of lines.
Distribution Point Box (DP) The DP Box’s function is to make maintenance work and underground cabling easier. Usually, the DP Box has 10 pairs but only 8 pairs are used and the others kept for testing work from DP Box to the main distributor .
Upper Cable The upper cable is used to make connection with the customers using the DP Box. The two wire cable normally is used. Underground Cable The underground cable is connected to the cabinet from the DP through man-holes. The underground cable will end at the telephone exchange
TIP
RING
TIP is the ground side (positive)
RING is the battery (negative) side of phone circuit
TIP is The GREEN wire which is connected to the wall jack
RING is The RED wire which is connected to the wall jack
it used to provides the ground return.
it function is to carry the voice and ringing signal
Usually measures ground when on-hook
Usually measures -48Volts when on-hook
It requests the use of the telephone system when the handset is lifted. It indicates that the system is ready for use by receiving a tone, called dialing tone. It sends the number of the telephone to be called to the system. This number is initiated by the caller when the number is pressed or the dial is rotated. It indicates the state of the call in progress by receiving tones indicating the status (ringing, busy, etc).
It indicates an incoming call to the called telephone by ringing bells or other audible tones. It changes speech of the calling party to electrical signals for transmission to a distant party through the system. It change electrical signals received from a distant party to speech for the called party. It automatically adjust for changes in the power supplied it. It signals the system that a call is finished when a caller ‘hang-up’ the handset.
A telephone set is an apparatus that creates an exact likeness of sound waves with an electric current. The essential components of a telephone set are the ringer circuit, on/off hook circuit, equalizer circuit, hybrid circuit, speaker, microphone, and a dialling circuit.
Human
speech covers the frequency range of 100 to 7000 Hz (hertz) but research has shown that the intelligence part of human speech is carried in the 300 - 3400 Hz range. This range is called the Voice Band.
The
Voice Channel has a range of 0 to 4 kHz (4000 Hz). The area from 3400 to 4000 Hz is used for system control and is called Out of Band Signalling.
Voice Channel 0-4,000 Hz
Voltage
Voice Bandwidth 300-3,300 Hz
Guard Band
0
300
Guard Band
Frequency (Hertz)
3,300
4,000
35
Two Minute paper
Discuss with your partner, sketch the block diagram of a telephone set.
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