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Concepts of Database Management Eighth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Database Management
Objectives • Introduce TAL Distributors, the company that is used as the basis for many of the examples throughout the text • Introduce basic database terminology • Describe database management systems (DBMSs) • Explain the advantages and disadvantages of database processing
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
2
Objectives (continued) • Introduce Colonial Adventure Tours, the company that is used in a case that appears throughout the text • Introduce Solmaris CondominiumGroup, the company that is used in another case that appears throughout the text
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
3
TAL Distributors Background • TAL Distributors – Wholesaler of wooden toys, games, puzzles – Uses spreadsheet software to maintain important data – Recent growth has made spreadsheet approach problematic
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
4
TAL Distributors Background (continued)
FIGURE 1-1: Sample orders spreadsheet ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
5
TAL Distributors Background (continued) • Problems using spreadsheet – Redundancy • Duplication of data or the storing of the same data in more than one place
– Difficulty accessing related data – Limited security – Size limitations
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
6
TAL Distributors Background (continued) • Information TAL Distributors needs to maintain – Sales Reps • Sales rep number, last name, first name, address, total commission, commission rate
– Customers • Customer number, name, address, current balance, credit limit, number of customer’s sales rep
– Items Inventory • Item number, description, number units on hand, item category, storehouse number, unit price
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
7
TAL Distributors Background (continued)
FIGURE 1-2: Sample order ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
8
TAL Distributors Background (continued) • Items for each customer’s order – Order • Order number, order date, customer number
– Order line • Order number, item number, number of units ordered, quoted price
– Overall order total • Not stored because it can be calculated
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
9
Database Background • Database – Structure that can store information about: • Different categories of information • Relationships between those categories of information
• Entity – Person, place, object, event, or idea – Entities for TAL Distributors: sales reps, customers, orders, and items
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
10
Database Background (continued) • Attribute – Characteristic or property of an entity – Example: Customer has name, street, city, etc. – May also be called a field or column
• Relationship – Association between entities – One-to-many relationship • Each rep is associated with many customers • Each customer is associated with a single rep
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
11
Database Background (continued)
FIGURE 1-3: Entities and attributes ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
12
Database Background (continued)
FIGURE 1-4: One-to-many relationship ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
13
Database Background (continued) • Data file – File used to store data – Computer counterpart to ordinary paper file
• Database – Structure that can store information about: • Multiple types of entities • Attributes of those entities • Relationships between the entities
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
14
Database Background (continued)
FIGURE 1-5: Sample data TAL Distributors ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
15
Database Background (continued)
FIGURE 1-5: Sample data for TAL Distributors (continued) ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Database Background (continued)
FIGURE 1-5: Sample data for TAL Distributors (continued) ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
17
Database Background (continued)
FIGURE 1-6: Alternative Orders table structure ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
18
Database Background (continued) • Entity-relationship (E-R) diagram – Visual way to represent a database – Rectangles represent entities – Lines represent relationships between connected entities
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
19
Database Background (continued)
FIGURE 1-7: E-R diagram for the TAL Distributors database ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Database Management Systems • Database management system (DBMS) – Program, or collection of programs, through which s interact with a database
• Popular DBMSs: Access, Oracle, DB2, MySQL, and SQL Server • TAL Distributors decides to use Access • Database design – Determining the structure of the required database
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
21
Database Management Systems (continued)
FIGURE 1-8: Using a DBMS directly
FIGURE 1-9: Using a DBMS through another program ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
22
Database Management Systems (continued) • Forms – Screen objects used to maintain, view, and print data from a database – DBMS creates forms that TAL Distributors needs
• Reports – DBMS creates reports for TAL Distributors based on ’s answers about the desired content and appearance of each report
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
23
Database Management Systems (continued)
FIGURE 1-10: Item form ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Database Management Systems (continued)
FIGURE 1-11: Orders form ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Database Management Systems (continued)
FIGURE 1-12: Item report ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Advantages of Database Processing 1. Getting more information from the same amount of data 2. Sharing data 3. Balancing conflicting requirements – Database or database istration (DBA): person or group in charge of the database
4. Controlling redundancy 5. Facilitating consistency ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
27
Advantages of Database Processing (continued) 6. Improving integrity •
Integrity constraint: a rule that data must follow in the database
7. Expanding security •
Security: prevention of unauthorized access
8. Increasing productivity 9. Providing data independence – Data independence: can change structure of a database without changing the programs that access the database ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Disadvantages of Database Processing 1. 2. 3. 4.
Larger file size Increased complexity Greater impact of failure More difficult recovery
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
29
Introduction to Colonial Adventure Tours Database Case • Colonial Adventure Tours – Small business – Organizes day-long guided trips of New England
• Management decided to use database to gather and store information on: – – – –
Guides Trips Customers Reservations
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
30
Introduction to Colonial Adventure Tours Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-15: Sample guide data for Colonial Adventure Tours ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Introduction to Colonial Adventure Tours Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-16: Sample trip data for Colonial Adventure Tours ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Introduction to Colonial Adventure Tours Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-17: Sample customer data for Colonial Adventure Tours ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Introduction to Colonial Adventure Tours Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-18: Sample reservation data for Colonial Adventure Tours ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Introduction to Colonial Adventure Tours Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-19: Table used to relate trips and guides ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
35
Introduction to Colonial Adventure Tours Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-20: E-R diagram for the Colonial Adventure Tours database ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Introduction to the Solmaris Condominium Group Database Case • Solmaris Condominium Group manages condominium complexes – Located in Florida – Two locations: Solmaris Ocean and Solmaris Bayside – Maintains common areas and provides maintenance services
• Database used to store data
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
37
Introduction to the Solmaris Condominium Group Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-21: Sample location data for Solmaris Condominium Group
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
38
Introduction to the Solmaris Condominium Group Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-22: Sample owner data for Solmaris Condominium Group ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
39
Introduction to the Solmaris Condominium Group Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-23: Sample data about condo units for Solmaris Condominium Group ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
40
Introduction to the Solmaris Condominium Group Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-24: Sample data about service categories for Solmaris Condominium Group ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
41
Introduction to the Solmaris Condominium Group Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-25: Sample data about service requests for Solmaris Condominium Group ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
42
Introduction to the Solmaris Condominium Group Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-26: E-R diagram for the Solmaris Condominium Group database ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
43
Summary • Problems with nondatabase approaches to data management: redundancy, difficulties accessing related data, limited security features, limited data sharing features, and potential size limitations • Entity: person, place, object, event, or idea for which you want to store and process data • Attribute, field, or column: characteristic or property of an entity • Relationship: an association between entities ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
44
Summary (continued) • One-to-many relationship: each occurrence of first entity is related to many occurrences of the second entity and each occurrence of the second entity is related to only one occurrence of the first entity • Database: structure that can store information about multiple types of entities, attributes of entities, and relationships among entities • TAL Distributors requires information about reps, customers, items, orders, and order lines • Entity-relationship (E-R) diagram: represents a database visually by using various symbols ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
45
Summary (continued) • Database management system (DBMS): program through which s interact with a database; lets you create forms and reports quickly and easily and obtain answers to questions about the data • Advantages of database processing: getting more information from the same amount of data, sharing data, balancing conflicting requirements, controlling redundancy, facilitating consistency, improving integrity, expanding security, increasing productivity, and providing data independence ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
46
Summary (continued) • Disadvantages of database processing: larger file size, increased complexity, greater impact of failure, and more difficult recovery • Colonial Adventure Tours needs to store information about: guides, trips, customers, and reservations • Solmaris Condominium Group needs to store information about: condo locations, owners, condo units, service categories, and service requests
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
47
Objectives • Introduce TAL Distributors, the company that is used as the basis for many of the examples throughout the text • Introduce basic database terminology • Describe database management systems (DBMSs) • Explain the advantages and disadvantages of database processing
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
2
Objectives (continued) • Introduce Colonial Adventure Tours, the company that is used in a case that appears throughout the text • Introduce Solmaris CondominiumGroup, the company that is used in another case that appears throughout the text
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
3
TAL Distributors Background • TAL Distributors – Wholesaler of wooden toys, games, puzzles – Uses spreadsheet software to maintain important data – Recent growth has made spreadsheet approach problematic
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
4
TAL Distributors Background (continued)
FIGURE 1-1: Sample orders spreadsheet ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
5
TAL Distributors Background (continued) • Problems using spreadsheet – Redundancy • Duplication of data or the storing of the same data in more than one place
– Difficulty accessing related data – Limited security – Size limitations
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
6
TAL Distributors Background (continued) • Information TAL Distributors needs to maintain – Sales Reps • Sales rep number, last name, first name, address, total commission, commission rate
– Customers • Customer number, name, address, current balance, credit limit, number of customer’s sales rep
– Items Inventory • Item number, description, number units on hand, item category, storehouse number, unit price
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
7
TAL Distributors Background (continued)
FIGURE 1-2: Sample order ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
8
TAL Distributors Background (continued) • Items for each customer’s order – Order • Order number, order date, customer number
– Order line • Order number, item number, number of units ordered, quoted price
– Overall order total • Not stored because it can be calculated
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
9
Database Background • Database – Structure that can store information about: • Different categories of information • Relationships between those categories of information
• Entity – Person, place, object, event, or idea – Entities for TAL Distributors: sales reps, customers, orders, and items
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
10
Database Background (continued) • Attribute – Characteristic or property of an entity – Example: Customer has name, street, city, etc. – May also be called a field or column
• Relationship – Association between entities – One-to-many relationship • Each rep is associated with many customers • Each customer is associated with a single rep
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
11
Database Background (continued)
FIGURE 1-3: Entities and attributes ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
12
Database Background (continued)
FIGURE 1-4: One-to-many relationship ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
13
Database Background (continued) • Data file – File used to store data – Computer counterpart to ordinary paper file
• Database – Structure that can store information about: • Multiple types of entities • Attributes of those entities • Relationships between the entities
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
14
Database Background (continued)
FIGURE 1-5: Sample data TAL Distributors ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
15
Database Background (continued)
FIGURE 1-5: Sample data for TAL Distributors (continued) ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
16
Database Background (continued)
FIGURE 1-5: Sample data for TAL Distributors (continued) ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
17
Database Background (continued)
FIGURE 1-6: Alternative Orders table structure ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
18
Database Background (continued) • Entity-relationship (E-R) diagram – Visual way to represent a database – Rectangles represent entities – Lines represent relationships between connected entities
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
19
Database Background (continued)
FIGURE 1-7: E-R diagram for the TAL Distributors database ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Database Management Systems • Database management system (DBMS) – Program, or collection of programs, through which s interact with a database
• Popular DBMSs: Access, Oracle, DB2, MySQL, and SQL Server • TAL Distributors decides to use Access • Database design – Determining the structure of the required database
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
21
Database Management Systems (continued)
FIGURE 1-8: Using a DBMS directly
FIGURE 1-9: Using a DBMS through another program ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
22
Database Management Systems (continued) • Forms – Screen objects used to maintain, view, and print data from a database – DBMS creates forms that TAL Distributors needs
• Reports – DBMS creates reports for TAL Distributors based on ’s answers about the desired content and appearance of each report
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
23
Database Management Systems (continued)
FIGURE 1-10: Item form ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
24
Database Management Systems (continued)
FIGURE 1-11: Orders form ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
25
Database Management Systems (continued)
FIGURE 1-12: Item report ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
26
Advantages of Database Processing 1. Getting more information from the same amount of data 2. Sharing data 3. Balancing conflicting requirements – Database or database istration (DBA): person or group in charge of the database
4. Controlling redundancy 5. Facilitating consistency ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
27
Advantages of Database Processing (continued) 6. Improving integrity •
Integrity constraint: a rule that data must follow in the database
7. Expanding security •
Security: prevention of unauthorized access
8. Increasing productivity 9. Providing data independence – Data independence: can change structure of a database without changing the programs that access the database ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
28
Disadvantages of Database Processing 1. 2. 3. 4.
Larger file size Increased complexity Greater impact of failure More difficult recovery
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
29
Introduction to Colonial Adventure Tours Database Case • Colonial Adventure Tours – Small business – Organizes day-long guided trips of New England
• Management decided to use database to gather and store information on: – – – –
Guides Trips Customers Reservations
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
30
Introduction to Colonial Adventure Tours Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-15: Sample guide data for Colonial Adventure Tours ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Introduction to Colonial Adventure Tours Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-16: Sample trip data for Colonial Adventure Tours ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
32
Introduction to Colonial Adventure Tours Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-17: Sample customer data for Colonial Adventure Tours ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
33
Introduction to Colonial Adventure Tours Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-18: Sample reservation data for Colonial Adventure Tours ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
34
Introduction to Colonial Adventure Tours Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-19: Table used to relate trips and guides ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
35
Introduction to Colonial Adventure Tours Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-20: E-R diagram for the Colonial Adventure Tours database ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
36
Introduction to the Solmaris Condominium Group Database Case • Solmaris Condominium Group manages condominium complexes – Located in Florida – Two locations: Solmaris Ocean and Solmaris Bayside – Maintains common areas and provides maintenance services
• Database used to store data
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
37
Introduction to the Solmaris Condominium Group Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-21: Sample location data for Solmaris Condominium Group
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Introduction to the Solmaris Condominium Group Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-22: Sample owner data for Solmaris Condominium Group ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Introduction to the Solmaris Condominium Group Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-23: Sample data about condo units for Solmaris Condominium Group ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Introduction to the Solmaris Condominium Group Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-24: Sample data about service categories for Solmaris Condominium Group ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Introduction to the Solmaris Condominium Group Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-25: Sample data about service requests for Solmaris Condominium Group ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Introduction to the Solmaris Condominium Group Database Case (continued)
FIGURE 1-26: E-R diagram for the Solmaris Condominium Group database ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Summary • Problems with nondatabase approaches to data management: redundancy, difficulties accessing related data, limited security features, limited data sharing features, and potential size limitations • Entity: person, place, object, event, or idea for which you want to store and process data • Attribute, field, or column: characteristic or property of an entity • Relationship: an association between entities ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Summary (continued) • One-to-many relationship: each occurrence of first entity is related to many occurrences of the second entity and each occurrence of the second entity is related to only one occurrence of the first entity • Database: structure that can store information about multiple types of entities, attributes of entities, and relationships among entities • TAL Distributors requires information about reps, customers, items, orders, and order lines • Entity-relationship (E-R) diagram: represents a database visually by using various symbols ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Summary (continued) • Database management system (DBMS): program through which s interact with a database; lets you create forms and reports quickly and easily and obtain answers to questions about the data • Advantages of database processing: getting more information from the same amount of data, sharing data, balancing conflicting requirements, controlling redundancy, facilitating consistency, improving integrity, expanding security, increasing productivity, and providing data independence ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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Summary (continued) • Disadvantages of database processing: larger file size, increased complexity, greater impact of failure, and more difficult recovery • Colonial Adventure Tours needs to store information about: guides, trips, customers, and reservations • Solmaris Condominium Group needs to store information about: condo locations, owners, condo units, service categories, and service requests
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a -protected website for classroom .
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