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WORKSHEET 2.1A
Cartoon analysis: Views of the League
Use this sheet to help you with the Activity on page 21. Add labels to explain each element of the cartoon. the advice we gave you on Worksheet 1.3A. Start by labelling the features that we have indicated, then move on to other features.
British cartoon from 1919.
1 What is the message of your cartoon? Make sure that you explain what details in the cartoon help to get this message across. 2 Is your cartoon optimistic or pessimistic about the League of Nations? Give reasons. 3 Compare your ideas with your partner’s, then write a paragraph comparing the two cartoons.
24
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
© Hodder Education
02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-c:9780340986677
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WORKSHEET 2.1A (continued) Use this sheet to help you with the Activity on page 21. Add labels to explain each element of the cartoon. the advice we gave you on Worksheet 1.3A. Start by labelling the features that we have indicated, then move on to other features.
Cartoon from the magazine Punch, March 1919.
1 What is the message of your cartoon? Make sure that you explain what details in the cartoon help to get this message across. 2 Is your cartoon optimistic or pessimistic about the League of Nations? Give reasons. 3 Compare your ideas with your partner’s, then write a paragraph comparing the two cartoons.
© Hodder Education
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
25
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WORKSHEET 2.1B
The League: success or failure?
Use this sheet to help you with question 4 of the Activity on page 21.
Key = success
The same question is repeated on later pages. Each time:
= failure 1 Note the date and events affecting the League at that stage. 2 Decide what the mix is between success and failure. 3 Divide your pie chart accordingly. Use different colours for success and failure. Complete the key to show the meaning of your colours. 4 Use the space beside each chart to note reasons for your predictions. If you want to write more explanation, do so on the back of this sheet.
26
p. 21 prediction
p. 23 prediction
p. 27 prediction
p. 29 prediction
p. 31 prediction
p. 33 prediction
p. 35 prediction
p. 37 prediction
p. 39 prediction
p. 42 prediction
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
© Hodder Education
© Hodder Education
Others were worried about the economic cost of ing the League. They thought it would be as if the USA were g a blank cheque. The USA would promise to solve all international problems regardless of the cost. Business leaders in particular argued that the USA had become a powerful country by isolationism – staying out of European affairs. The USA should continue to mind its own business.
The League was inextricably linked to the Treaty of Versailles. Wilson had insisted that all the signatories to the Treaty should the League. The League was also supposed to enforce the Treaty. Yet some Americans hated the Treaty itself. Many Americans were recent immigrants. There were millions of German immigrants who had never approved of the USA ing the war against . They certainly did not want the USA to prop up the League as it squeezed reparation payments out of . They wanted the USA to have no part in it.
Use this sheet to help you with question 1 on page 22.
WORKSHEET 2.2
Should the USA the League?
Other Americans opposed the League because they were anti-British or anti-French. They thought the League would be under the control of Britain and . Why should the USA get dragged into fighting for Britain's Empire? Americans believed in freedom. They opposed the whole idea of colonies and empires. Surely the USA could not agree to safeguard all the colonial possessions of Britain and !
To many Americans the plans for the League of Nations suggested the USA was promising to send its troops to settle every little conflict around the world. Americans had been appalled at the carnage of the First World War. They wanted the USA to stay out of such disputes.
Why did the USA not the League of Nations?
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WORKSHEET 2.3
Were there weaknesses in the League’s organisation?
Use this sheet to help you with the Focus Task on page 27.
THE OPTIMIST Peace at last! The League of Nations will keep large and small nations secure
I’m not sure. It might look impressive but I think there are weaknesses in the League THE PESSIMIST
Choose either the optimist or the pessimist and explain, under the headings provided below, why your diplomat feels the way he does. For example, the optimist feels confident about the League helping security. Why does the League’s hip make him feel that way?
28
hip of the League
What the main bodies within the League can do
How each body will make decisions
How the League will enforce its decisions
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
© Hodder Education
© Hodder Education
Bulgaria, 1925
Reason for score
09:21
Corfu, 1923
Score for League (-5 to +5)
24/6/09
Aaland Islands, 1921
Upper Silesia, 1921
Vilna, 1920
Dispute/incident
The League in action – disputes in the 1920s
Use this sheet to help you with the Focus Task on page 29.
WORKSHEET 2.4
Did weaknesses in the League’s organisation make failure inevitable?
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29
30 Evidence against
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
Write a paragraph to explain your view.
09:21
Looking at the evidence you have compiled, do you think these criticisms of the League were valid? If so, did they make failure inevitable?
Evidence for
24/6/09
That without the USA it would be powerless
That would act in their own interests
That it would be slow to act
Criticism
Use this table to analyse the Bulgarian and Corfu crises of the 1920s for the Focus Task on page 30. Use another table to analyse the Manchurian and Abyssinian crises of the 1930s on pages 36–43.
WORKSHEET 2.4 (continued)
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© Hodder Education
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WORKSHEET 2.5
Use this sheet to help you to answer question 4 of the Focus Task on page 33. Which of the following statements do you most agree with? Circle one of the numbers. Disagree strongly 1 The League of Nations was a great force for peace in the 1920s. 2 Events of the 1920s showed just how weak the League really was. 3 The League’s successes in the 1920s were small-scale, its failures had a higher profile.
Agree strongly
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
Use this writing frame to explain your scores. Paragraph 1: My view of statement 1 is … __________________________________________________________ I accept/reject this statement because …
___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: My view of statement 2 is … __________________________________________________________ I accept/reject this statement because … ____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 3: My view of statement 3 is … __________________________________________________________ I accept/reject this statement because … ____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 4: Overall, I am most in agreement with statement –––– because …
________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ © Hodder Education
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
31
02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-c:9780340986677
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CLOSE How did the Depression make the work of the League harder?
WORKSHEET 2.6 Use this sheet to help you with the Focus Task on page 35.
1 Draw lines to connect the following statements with the country where each one might have been said during the Depression. 2 Alongside each speech bubble explain why you think this statement might worry the League of Nations or make the League’s work more difficult.
We need tough leaders who will not be pushed around by the League of Nations or the USA.
I have not worked since last year.
I will vote for anyone who can get the country back to work.
We should ban all foreign goods. That will protect the jobs of our workers.
32
USA
Italy
Japan
Reparations have caused this mess.
The bank has closed. We’ve lost everything! If we had our own empire we would have the resources we need. Economic depressions would not damage us so much.
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
© Hodder Education
© Hodder Education
Date: __________
Date: __________
Summary _________________________________________________________
Main cause(s) ______________________________________________________
Action by League _____________________________________________________
Effects on League ____________________________________________________
Summary _________________________________________________________
Main cause(s) ______________________________________________________
Action by League _____________________________________________________
Effects on League ____________________________________________________
09:21
ABYSSINIAN CRISIS
Effects on League ____________________________________________________
Effects on League ____________________________________________________
24/6/09
FAILURE OF DISARMAMENT
Action by League _____________________________________________________
Action by League _____________________________________________________
Main cause(s) ______________________________________________________
Date: __________
Main cause(s) ______________________________________________________
MANCHURIAN CRISIS
Summary _________________________________________________________
Date: __________
Summary _________________________________________________________
DEPRESSION
Use this sheet to help you to make revision notes on pages 34–43. that you are aiming for a summary, so be brief.
WORKSHEET 2.7
The failure of the League in the 1930s: revision notes
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WORKSHEET 2.8
Why did the League of Nations fail in the 1930s?
Use this sheet to record your answers to the Focus Task on page 44. In Manchuria they …
In Manchuria, this was a problem because …
In Abyssinia, they …
In Abyssinia, the USA …
French and British self-interest – they looked after their own interests rather than the League’s.
Absent powers – key countries, particularly the USA, were not in the League.
F
A
Failure of the League
In Manchuria, …
In Abyssinia, …
Re Reaching decisions too slowly – the League took ages to act.
I Ineffective sanctions – sanctions either weren’t used or didn’t work.
In Abyssinia, …
In Manchuria, …
U Unfair treaty – the League’s job was to enforce treaties that some thought were unfair.
L Lack of armed forces – the League had no troops of its own.
See Chapter 3.
In Manchuria, the League could not send troops there as it was impossible to reach.
34
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
In Abyssinia, British and French forces could have acted on behalf of the League, but the British and French governments refused.
© Hodder Education
24/6/09
09:21
Page 24
CLOSE
WORKSHEET 2.1A
Cartoon analysis: Views of the League
Use this sheet to help you with the Activity on page 21. Add labels to explain each element of the cartoon. the advice we gave you on Worksheet 1.3A. Start by labelling the features that we have indicated, then move on to other features.
British cartoon from 1919.
1 What is the message of your cartoon? Make sure that you explain what details in the cartoon help to get this message across. 2 Is your cartoon optimistic or pessimistic about the League of Nations? Give reasons. 3 Compare your ideas with your partner’s, then write a paragraph comparing the two cartoons.
24
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
© Hodder Education
02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-c:9780340986677
24/6/09
09:21
Page 25
CLOSE
WORKSHEET 2.1A (continued) Use this sheet to help you with the Activity on page 21. Add labels to explain each element of the cartoon. the advice we gave you on Worksheet 1.3A. Start by labelling the features that we have indicated, then move on to other features.
Cartoon from the magazine Punch, March 1919.
1 What is the message of your cartoon? Make sure that you explain what details in the cartoon help to get this message across. 2 Is your cartoon optimistic or pessimistic about the League of Nations? Give reasons. 3 Compare your ideas with your partner’s, then write a paragraph comparing the two cartoons.
© Hodder Education
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
25
02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-c:9780340986677
24/6/09
09:21
Page 26
CLOSE
WORKSHEET 2.1B
The League: success or failure?
Use this sheet to help you with question 4 of the Activity on page 21.
Key = success
The same question is repeated on later pages. Each time:
= failure 1 Note the date and events affecting the League at that stage. 2 Decide what the mix is between success and failure. 3 Divide your pie chart accordingly. Use different colours for success and failure. Complete the key to show the meaning of your colours. 4 Use the space beside each chart to note reasons for your predictions. If you want to write more explanation, do so on the back of this sheet.
26
p. 21 prediction
p. 23 prediction
p. 27 prediction
p. 29 prediction
p. 31 prediction
p. 33 prediction
p. 35 prediction
p. 37 prediction
p. 39 prediction
p. 42 prediction
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
© Hodder Education
© Hodder Education
Others were worried about the economic cost of ing the League. They thought it would be as if the USA were g a blank cheque. The USA would promise to solve all international problems regardless of the cost. Business leaders in particular argued that the USA had become a powerful country by isolationism – staying out of European affairs. The USA should continue to mind its own business.
The League was inextricably linked to the Treaty of Versailles. Wilson had insisted that all the signatories to the Treaty should the League. The League was also supposed to enforce the Treaty. Yet some Americans hated the Treaty itself. Many Americans were recent immigrants. There were millions of German immigrants who had never approved of the USA ing the war against . They certainly did not want the USA to prop up the League as it squeezed reparation payments out of . They wanted the USA to have no part in it.
Use this sheet to help you with question 1 on page 22.
WORKSHEET 2.2
Should the USA the League?
Other Americans opposed the League because they were anti-British or anti-French. They thought the League would be under the control of Britain and . Why should the USA get dragged into fighting for Britain's Empire? Americans believed in freedom. They opposed the whole idea of colonies and empires. Surely the USA could not agree to safeguard all the colonial possessions of Britain and !
To many Americans the plans for the League of Nations suggested the USA was promising to send its troops to settle every little conflict around the world. Americans had been appalled at the carnage of the First World War. They wanted the USA to stay out of such disputes.
Why did the USA not the League of Nations?
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OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
27
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Page 28
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WORKSHEET 2.3
Were there weaknesses in the League’s organisation?
Use this sheet to help you with the Focus Task on page 27.
THE OPTIMIST Peace at last! The League of Nations will keep large and small nations secure
I’m not sure. It might look impressive but I think there are weaknesses in the League THE PESSIMIST
Choose either the optimist or the pessimist and explain, under the headings provided below, why your diplomat feels the way he does. For example, the optimist feels confident about the League helping security. Why does the League’s hip make him feel that way?
28
hip of the League
What the main bodies within the League can do
How each body will make decisions
How the League will enforce its decisions
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
© Hodder Education
© Hodder Education
Bulgaria, 1925
Reason for score
09:21
Corfu, 1923
Score for League (-5 to +5)
24/6/09
Aaland Islands, 1921
Upper Silesia, 1921
Vilna, 1920
Dispute/incident
The League in action – disputes in the 1920s
Use this sheet to help you with the Focus Task on page 29.
WORKSHEET 2.4
Did weaknesses in the League’s organisation make failure inevitable?
02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-c:9780340986677 Page 29
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OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
29
30 Evidence against
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
Write a paragraph to explain your view.
09:21
Looking at the evidence you have compiled, do you think these criticisms of the League were valid? If so, did they make failure inevitable?
Evidence for
24/6/09
That without the USA it would be powerless
That would act in their own interests
That it would be slow to act
Criticism
Use this table to analyse the Bulgarian and Corfu crises of the 1920s for the Focus Task on page 30. Use another table to analyse the Manchurian and Abyssinian crises of the 1930s on pages 36–43.
WORKSHEET 2.4 (continued)
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CLOSE
© Hodder Education
02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-c:9780340986677
24/6/09
09:21
Page 31
CLOSE How successful was the League in the 1920s?
WORKSHEET 2.5
Use this sheet to help you to answer question 4 of the Focus Task on page 33. Which of the following statements do you most agree with? Circle one of the numbers. Disagree strongly 1 The League of Nations was a great force for peace in the 1920s. 2 Events of the 1920s showed just how weak the League really was. 3 The League’s successes in the 1920s were small-scale, its failures had a higher profile.
Agree strongly
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
Use this writing frame to explain your scores. Paragraph 1: My view of statement 1 is … __________________________________________________________ I accept/reject this statement because …
___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: My view of statement 2 is … __________________________________________________________ I accept/reject this statement because … ____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 3: My view of statement 3 is … __________________________________________________________ I accept/reject this statement because … ____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 4: Overall, I am most in agreement with statement –––– because …
________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ © Hodder Education
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
31
02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-c:9780340986677
24/6/09
09:21
Page 32
CLOSE How did the Depression make the work of the League harder?
WORKSHEET 2.6 Use this sheet to help you with the Focus Task on page 35.
1 Draw lines to connect the following statements with the country where each one might have been said during the Depression. 2 Alongside each speech bubble explain why you think this statement might worry the League of Nations or make the League’s work more difficult.
We need tough leaders who will not be pushed around by the League of Nations or the USA.
I have not worked since last year.
I will vote for anyone who can get the country back to work.
We should ban all foreign goods. That will protect the jobs of our workers.
32
USA
Italy
Japan
Reparations have caused this mess.
The bank has closed. We’ve lost everything! If we had our own empire we would have the resources we need. Economic depressions would not damage us so much.
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
© Hodder Education
© Hodder Education
Date: __________
Date: __________
Summary _________________________________________________________
Main cause(s) ______________________________________________________
Action by League _____________________________________________________
Effects on League ____________________________________________________
Summary _________________________________________________________
Main cause(s) ______________________________________________________
Action by League _____________________________________________________
Effects on League ____________________________________________________
09:21
ABYSSINIAN CRISIS
Effects on League ____________________________________________________
Effects on League ____________________________________________________
24/6/09
FAILURE OF DISARMAMENT
Action by League _____________________________________________________
Action by League _____________________________________________________
Main cause(s) ______________________________________________________
Date: __________
Main cause(s) ______________________________________________________
MANCHURIAN CRISIS
Summary _________________________________________________________
Date: __________
Summary _________________________________________________________
DEPRESSION
Use this sheet to help you to make revision notes on pages 34–43. that you are aiming for a summary, so be brief.
WORKSHEET 2.7
The failure of the League in the 1930s: revision notes
02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-c:9780340986677 Page 33
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OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
33
02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-c:9780340986677
24/6/09
09:21
Page 34
CLOSE
WORKSHEET 2.8
Why did the League of Nations fail in the 1930s?
Use this sheet to record your answers to the Focus Task on page 44. In Manchuria they …
In Manchuria, this was a problem because …
In Abyssinia, they …
In Abyssinia, the USA …
French and British self-interest – they looked after their own interests rather than the League’s.
Absent powers – key countries, particularly the USA, were not in the League.
F
A
Failure of the League
In Manchuria, …
In Abyssinia, …
Re Reaching decisions too slowly – the League took ages to act.
I Ineffective sanctions – sanctions either weren’t used or didn’t work.
In Abyssinia, …
In Manchuria, …
U Unfair treaty – the League’s job was to enforce treaties that some thought were unfair.
L Lack of armed forces – the League had no troops of its own.
See Chapter 3.
In Manchuria, the League could not send troops there as it was impossible to reach.
34
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
In Abyssinia, British and French forces could have acted on behalf of the League, but the British and French governments refused.
© Hodder Education
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