Chapter 8 - Mental Health And Well Being In Middle And Late Adolescence 3t3f4y
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Concepts of Mental Health and Well-Being According to the US National Institute of Health, “mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act as we cope with life. It also helps to determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood.” CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
Concepts of Mental Health and Well-Being The 1999 US Surgeon General’s Report on Mental Health defined mental health as “successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and the ability to change and to cope with adversity.”
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
Concepts of Mental Health and Well-Being The World Health Organization’s (WHO) World Health Report released in 2001 stated that “mental health is defined differently by different experts from different cultures. Concepts of mental health include the following: 1. subjective well-being;
6. self-actualization of one’s
2. perceived self-efficacy;
intellectual and emotional
3. autonomy;
potential, among others
4. competence;
5. intergenerational dependence CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
1. Subjective Well-Being ◦
This may defined as one’s personal (subjective) thoughts and feelings about one’s overall state of being. Mental health denotes positive and healthy interpretations of a person’s self-concept, and how a person feels about himself. ◦ Good mental health is tied to the individual’s self-concept and emotions about him. A persons with a healthy self-concept or selfidentity exudes charm and confidence, is usually sociable, productive and can maintain healthy relationships. A positive warm regard for oneself serves as a foundation of mental health
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
1. Subjective Well-Being ◦
A negative self-concept will have a negative effect on one’s mental health and well-being. For example, if a persons perceives herself as unattractive, she will start feeling inadequate and will compare herself with others. She will feel anxious, and might even end up having paranoid thoughts that people are avoiding her or talking behind her back.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
1. Subjective Well-Being The anxiety and unhappiness this person experiences will then affect her behavior such as having fits of anger, lost of interest in her studies, shunning away from people, and ending up alone and miserable. These type of thinking, feeling and behavior can trigger mental disorders, if not properly addressed, immediately .
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
2. Perceived Self-Efficacy Self-efficacy is one’s perception of one’s value and worth, effectiveness, and ability in performing a task or activity. Mental health and well-being is also anchored on one’s self-worth and value of self-esteem. A person with low self-esteem may exhibit types of behavior that are selfdestructive or self-sabotaging
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
2. Perceived Self-Efficacy A person with low self-esteem may exhibit types of behavior that are self-destructive or self-sabotaging. Low self-esteem produces thought that say one is not worthy of being loved or not adequate enough to be somebody’s friend. This thought then produces emotions such as anger or hopelessness, pushing the person to certain risky behavior like drug or alcohol addiction, sexual promiscuity, social isolation, extreme emotional swings, unhealthy dependency on others, and mental disorder. CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
2. Perceived Self-Efficacy On the other hand, a person with a healthy self-concept will move toward self-fulfillment and self-actualization, have healthy relationships, and live happier and fulfilling lives.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
3. Autonomy Autonomy deals with one’s capacity to separate one’s identity from other significant person like parents, lovers, and special friends. Autonomy is the capacity for self-direction and having a clearly defined role identity. It is crucial to have autonomy since this defines how a person interacts with other people and the environment.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
3. Autonomy Expectations are clarified and adjusted according to the role an individual takes, and this can result in better appreciation of the individual in of relationships either at work, at play, or with the family.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
3. Autonomy Lack of autonomy, on the other hand, can lead to codependence among those who cannot define themselves as separate entities from people they depend on either emotionally, physically, socially, spiritually, or even financially. This can also lead to relational conflicts as some people stay away from overly dependent or “clingy, needy” individuals.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
4. Competence Competence is related to self-esteem and selfidentity. Competence is the perception of one’s capacity to effectively perform a function or activity using specific skills and knowledge, and achieving the desired results at a given time. Responsibility is a major underlying factor for competence.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
4. Competence An individual who is competent will always assume full responsibility for the actions and results of his behavior. Because competence is gained through time, a competent individual produces trust with those he or she deals with.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
4. Competence The ability to accept changes and being resilient is also part of being competent. A competent person will adapt to the changes that can happen while he is in the thick of things, understand why such changes happen, and will adjust his actions and attitude according to the new demands that those changes bring.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
5. Intergenerational Independence intergenerational Independence refers to the relationships between individuals who belong to the different generations but may be living separately as independent, autonomous persons during a specific period of time. An example of this which is very common among Filipinos is the relationship between parents and their grown-up children. When the children have all grown-up, are pursuing their own dreams, and are forming their own “nests,” their parents, who may already be retired by then, are usually left at home. CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
5. Intergenerational Independence This phenomenon is referred to s the “empty nest.” However, with healthy relationships between family , older parents will often be visited by their children (and grandchildren) during weekends or during special occasions to celebrate and be in touch. Cultural differences will have different variations of how the of society practice intergenerational independence. CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
5. Intergenerational Independence In the USA, sending old parents to retirement homes is still practiced. However, there is also a trend today of children providing care to their ageing parents while maintaining their own independence. Today’s technology has helped intergenerational independence thrive as it closes the gap of time and space so that even physically separated family can still be in touch easily. This is true particularly among Filipino households that have working abroad. CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
6. Self-actualization of One’s Intellectual and Emotional Potential Maslow’s pyramid of human hierarchy of needs places self-actualization at the peak. This means that once a person fulfills his or her physiological needs, security and safety needs, emotional and social needs, and self-esteem needs, the next need to be fulfilled is self-actualization.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
6. Self-actualization of One’s Intellectual and Emotional Potential The fulfillment of these needs does not have to be in sequence or progression. One person’s need for love may be stronger than the need for security. Self-actualization is about fulfilling one’s potentials, becoming the person that one has always aspired for.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
6. Self-actualization of One’s Intellectual and Emotional Potential Maslow identified the key characteristic of selfactualized individuals. They have acceptance of their reality, and have comion to help solve problems of other people and society in general. Their spontaneous with their thoughts and behavior, and are open to change. They have strong need for privacy and solitude as they continue to strive in fulfilling their potentials.
6. Self-actualization of One’s Intellectual and Emotional Potential They are highly appreciative of events and people and maintain their awe wonder of the things around them. They may often experience peak experiences of intense joy and happiness which generate inspiration and strength. Individual who are self-actualizing nurture good mental health and well being.
Another example of mental health and well-being model we can look into is the one developed in 1991 by Witmer Sweeney. The model includes what is referred to as the five life tasks: 1. Essence or spirituality 2. Work and leisure 3. Friendship 4. Love 5. Self-direction
Related to these five tasks are twelve sub-tasks as major components of wellness or well-being that comprise the Wheel of Wellness espoused by Myers, Witmer, and Sweeney in 2000. 1. Sense of worth 2. Sense of control 3. Realistic beliefs 4. Emotional awareness and coping 5. Problem solving and creativity
Related to these five tasks are twelve sub-tasks as major components of wellness or well-being that comprise the Wheel of Wellness espoused by Myers, Witmer, and Sweeney in 2000. 6. Sense of humor 11. gender identity 7. Nutrition 12. cultural identity 8. Physical exercise 9. self-care 10. Stress management
In addition to the five components, maintaining good mental health and well-being requires resiliency and adaptability, two important skills that need to be developed in every person particularly the adolescent. Resiliency – the capacity to establish and maintain one’s balance and well-being in the face of adversity. It is the ability to get back on one’s feet after a disaster or a crisis. Adaptability – is the capacity to adjust to changes necessary for one’s survival and balance.
Healthy Self-Concept at the Core of Mental Health and Well-Being Having a positive regard for oneself means looking at oneself as someone who is worth loving and worth caring for, regardless of physical flaws and defects, regardless of what other people perceive him to be, and in spite of the thoughts, feelings, and behavior on experiences. It is about understanding and accepting one’s personality, uniqueness, and individuality.
Good Physical Health is Good for Mental Health The World Health Organization clearly noted that the poor mental health plays a significant role in diminished immune functioning and the development of certain illness, and eventually premature death.
Good Physical Health is Good for Mental Health One’s physical Health is also an important factor to good mental health. Sleep and nutrition, for example, should be given importance and property observed by an adolescence whose tendency is to take these things for granted.
Good Physical Health is Good for Mental Health An individual who is deprived of sleep, for example will be cranky, will have a short temper, will sometimes become emotionally sensitive, and will also have a bad memory. Physically the individual deprived of sleep may develop skin rashes or acne, have dark circles around the eyes and may even develop bad posture because of feeling weak and having low energy.
Good Physical Health is Good for Mental Health
People around this person will take notice and might even get affected by certain behavior a sleep deprived person exhibit.
Healthy Concept + Healthy Mind and Body= Good Mental Health and Well-Being A healthy self-concept plus a healthy mind and body are once guarantee to good mental health. When all of these elements are balanced are in balanced, the general well being is experienced.
Well being is the state of wellness where every aspect of a person is in balance.
Healthy Concept + Healthy Mind and Body= Good Mental Health and Well-Being Developing one’s good mental health and wellbeing is very important to the adolescent because this serves as a strong foundation toward a happy and healthy adulthood.
Challenges to Mental Health and Well-Being A mental health is a short term and temporary change in a person’s thoughts, feelings, or behavior that upsets one’s well-being, interpersonal relationships, and productivity.
Mental health illness, on the other hand, refers to diagnosable mental disorders characterized by changes in one’s thinking, feeling, and behavior, as well as in one’s relationships and productivity. There is usually distress or impaired functioning during mental illness (Knopf, Park, and Muyle 2008).
Challenges to Mental Health and Well-Being Many adolescents are more susceptible to mental health concerns than adults. This is primarily due to their undeveloped brains and continuing changes in their bodies.
In addition to this, the adolescent is also going through tough times in resolving their identity crisis and role confusion.
Challenges to Mental Health and Well-Being Roughly 20% of a country’s total population falls under the 10 to 19 years of age category or the adolescence category. The WHO estimates that there are around one billion adolescents around the world today. This is the reason why World Health Organization has mandated every member-nation to provide special health services to the adolescent segment of their population.
Challenges to Mental Health and Well-Being The WHO enumerated possible mental health challenges faced by adolescents worldwide. These include “conduct or behavior disorders, anxiety, depression and eating disorders, as well as risk behaviors including those that relate to sexual behavior, substance abuse, and violent behavior”.
Challenges to Mental Health and Well-Being The WHO enumerated possible mental health challenges faced by adolescents worldwide. These include “conduct or behavior disorders, anxiety, depression and eating disorders, as well as risk behaviors including those that relate to sexual behavior, substance abuse, and violent behavior”.
FIVE POPULAR STEPS TO IMPROVE MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL BEING FROM : NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE OF UNITED KINGDOM
CONNECT Connect with the people around you: Your family, friends, classmates, schoolmates, and neighbors. Spend time developing these relationships.
BE ACTIVE Physical activity generates a positive sense of wellness. Engage in some sports or physical activity like playing basketball, bton, bowling, biking, or swimming. Take a walk if you do not have enough time for some sports.
KEEP LEARNING Learning new skills or obtaining new knowledge can give you a sense of achievement and new confidence. Some recommended doing something new everyday. It can be a short program in cooking or baking, ing an acting or writing workshop, learning to play a musical instrument, or fixing a car problem.
GIVE TO OTHERS Giving
to others is not limited to money or other material things. A smile or a warm and sincere greeting or thank you can brighten up the day for both the giver and receiver. Social involvement such as volunteering during disasters or helping out in your communities is also good for developing mental health.
TAKE NOTICE Be in the here and now, be in the present moment, be aware of what is happening around you, your own thoughts and feelings, and the physical sensations that you experience . This awareness is also referred to as “mindfulness”, and being mindful can positively change the way you feel about life and how you feel about life and how you approach challenges.
Concepts of Mental Health and Well-Being The 1999 US Surgeon General’s Report on Mental Health defined mental health as “successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and the ability to change and to cope with adversity.”
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
Concepts of Mental Health and Well-Being The World Health Organization’s (WHO) World Health Report released in 2001 stated that “mental health is defined differently by different experts from different cultures. Concepts of mental health include the following: 1. subjective well-being;
6. self-actualization of one’s
2. perceived self-efficacy;
intellectual and emotional
3. autonomy;
potential, among others
4. competence;
5. intergenerational dependence CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
1. Subjective Well-Being ◦
This may defined as one’s personal (subjective) thoughts and feelings about one’s overall state of being. Mental health denotes positive and healthy interpretations of a person’s self-concept, and how a person feels about himself. ◦ Good mental health is tied to the individual’s self-concept and emotions about him. A persons with a healthy self-concept or selfidentity exudes charm and confidence, is usually sociable, productive and can maintain healthy relationships. A positive warm regard for oneself serves as a foundation of mental health
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
1. Subjective Well-Being ◦
A negative self-concept will have a negative effect on one’s mental health and well-being. For example, if a persons perceives herself as unattractive, she will start feeling inadequate and will compare herself with others. She will feel anxious, and might even end up having paranoid thoughts that people are avoiding her or talking behind her back.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
1. Subjective Well-Being The anxiety and unhappiness this person experiences will then affect her behavior such as having fits of anger, lost of interest in her studies, shunning away from people, and ending up alone and miserable. These type of thinking, feeling and behavior can trigger mental disorders, if not properly addressed, immediately .
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
2. Perceived Self-Efficacy Self-efficacy is one’s perception of one’s value and worth, effectiveness, and ability in performing a task or activity. Mental health and well-being is also anchored on one’s self-worth and value of self-esteem. A person with low self-esteem may exhibit types of behavior that are selfdestructive or self-sabotaging
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
2. Perceived Self-Efficacy A person with low self-esteem may exhibit types of behavior that are self-destructive or self-sabotaging. Low self-esteem produces thought that say one is not worthy of being loved or not adequate enough to be somebody’s friend. This thought then produces emotions such as anger or hopelessness, pushing the person to certain risky behavior like drug or alcohol addiction, sexual promiscuity, social isolation, extreme emotional swings, unhealthy dependency on others, and mental disorder. CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
2. Perceived Self-Efficacy On the other hand, a person with a healthy self-concept will move toward self-fulfillment and self-actualization, have healthy relationships, and live happier and fulfilling lives.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
3. Autonomy Autonomy deals with one’s capacity to separate one’s identity from other significant person like parents, lovers, and special friends. Autonomy is the capacity for self-direction and having a clearly defined role identity. It is crucial to have autonomy since this defines how a person interacts with other people and the environment.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
3. Autonomy Expectations are clarified and adjusted according to the role an individual takes, and this can result in better appreciation of the individual in of relationships either at work, at play, or with the family.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
3. Autonomy Lack of autonomy, on the other hand, can lead to codependence among those who cannot define themselves as separate entities from people they depend on either emotionally, physically, socially, spiritually, or even financially. This can also lead to relational conflicts as some people stay away from overly dependent or “clingy, needy” individuals.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
4. Competence Competence is related to self-esteem and selfidentity. Competence is the perception of one’s capacity to effectively perform a function or activity using specific skills and knowledge, and achieving the desired results at a given time. Responsibility is a major underlying factor for competence.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
4. Competence An individual who is competent will always assume full responsibility for the actions and results of his behavior. Because competence is gained through time, a competent individual produces trust with those he or she deals with.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
4. Competence The ability to accept changes and being resilient is also part of being competent. A competent person will adapt to the changes that can happen while he is in the thick of things, understand why such changes happen, and will adjust his actions and attitude according to the new demands that those changes bring.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
5. Intergenerational Independence intergenerational Independence refers to the relationships between individuals who belong to the different generations but may be living separately as independent, autonomous persons during a specific period of time. An example of this which is very common among Filipinos is the relationship between parents and their grown-up children. When the children have all grown-up, are pursuing their own dreams, and are forming their own “nests,” their parents, who may already be retired by then, are usually left at home. CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
5. Intergenerational Independence This phenomenon is referred to s the “empty nest.” However, with healthy relationships between family , older parents will often be visited by their children (and grandchildren) during weekends or during special occasions to celebrate and be in touch. Cultural differences will have different variations of how the of society practice intergenerational independence. CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
5. Intergenerational Independence In the USA, sending old parents to retirement homes is still practiced. However, there is also a trend today of children providing care to their ageing parents while maintaining their own independence. Today’s technology has helped intergenerational independence thrive as it closes the gap of time and space so that even physically separated family can still be in touch easily. This is true particularly among Filipino households that have working abroad. CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
6. Self-actualization of One’s Intellectual and Emotional Potential Maslow’s pyramid of human hierarchy of needs places self-actualization at the peak. This means that once a person fulfills his or her physiological needs, security and safety needs, emotional and social needs, and self-esteem needs, the next need to be fulfilled is self-actualization.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
6. Self-actualization of One’s Intellectual and Emotional Potential The fulfillment of these needs does not have to be in sequence or progression. One person’s need for love may be stronger than the need for security. Self-actualization is about fulfilling one’s potentials, becoming the person that one has always aspired for.
CHAPTER 8: CONCEPTS OF MENTAL HEALTH and WELL-BEING
6. Self-actualization of One’s Intellectual and Emotional Potential Maslow identified the key characteristic of selfactualized individuals. They have acceptance of their reality, and have comion to help solve problems of other people and society in general. Their spontaneous with their thoughts and behavior, and are open to change. They have strong need for privacy and solitude as they continue to strive in fulfilling their potentials.
6. Self-actualization of One’s Intellectual and Emotional Potential They are highly appreciative of events and people and maintain their awe wonder of the things around them. They may often experience peak experiences of intense joy and happiness which generate inspiration and strength. Individual who are self-actualizing nurture good mental health and well being.
Another example of mental health and well-being model we can look into is the one developed in 1991 by Witmer Sweeney. The model includes what is referred to as the five life tasks: 1. Essence or spirituality 2. Work and leisure 3. Friendship 4. Love 5. Self-direction
Related to these five tasks are twelve sub-tasks as major components of wellness or well-being that comprise the Wheel of Wellness espoused by Myers, Witmer, and Sweeney in 2000. 1. Sense of worth 2. Sense of control 3. Realistic beliefs 4. Emotional awareness and coping 5. Problem solving and creativity
Related to these five tasks are twelve sub-tasks as major components of wellness or well-being that comprise the Wheel of Wellness espoused by Myers, Witmer, and Sweeney in 2000. 6. Sense of humor 11. gender identity 7. Nutrition 12. cultural identity 8. Physical exercise 9. self-care 10. Stress management
In addition to the five components, maintaining good mental health and well-being requires resiliency and adaptability, two important skills that need to be developed in every person particularly the adolescent. Resiliency – the capacity to establish and maintain one’s balance and well-being in the face of adversity. It is the ability to get back on one’s feet after a disaster or a crisis. Adaptability – is the capacity to adjust to changes necessary for one’s survival and balance.
Healthy Self-Concept at the Core of Mental Health and Well-Being Having a positive regard for oneself means looking at oneself as someone who is worth loving and worth caring for, regardless of physical flaws and defects, regardless of what other people perceive him to be, and in spite of the thoughts, feelings, and behavior on experiences. It is about understanding and accepting one’s personality, uniqueness, and individuality.
Good Physical Health is Good for Mental Health The World Health Organization clearly noted that the poor mental health plays a significant role in diminished immune functioning and the development of certain illness, and eventually premature death.
Good Physical Health is Good for Mental Health One’s physical Health is also an important factor to good mental health. Sleep and nutrition, for example, should be given importance and property observed by an adolescence whose tendency is to take these things for granted.
Good Physical Health is Good for Mental Health An individual who is deprived of sleep, for example will be cranky, will have a short temper, will sometimes become emotionally sensitive, and will also have a bad memory. Physically the individual deprived of sleep may develop skin rashes or acne, have dark circles around the eyes and may even develop bad posture because of feeling weak and having low energy.
Good Physical Health is Good for Mental Health
People around this person will take notice and might even get affected by certain behavior a sleep deprived person exhibit.
Healthy Concept + Healthy Mind and Body= Good Mental Health and Well-Being A healthy self-concept plus a healthy mind and body are once guarantee to good mental health. When all of these elements are balanced are in balanced, the general well being is experienced.
Well being is the state of wellness where every aspect of a person is in balance.
Healthy Concept + Healthy Mind and Body= Good Mental Health and Well-Being Developing one’s good mental health and wellbeing is very important to the adolescent because this serves as a strong foundation toward a happy and healthy adulthood.
Challenges to Mental Health and Well-Being A mental health is a short term and temporary change in a person’s thoughts, feelings, or behavior that upsets one’s well-being, interpersonal relationships, and productivity.
Mental health illness, on the other hand, refers to diagnosable mental disorders characterized by changes in one’s thinking, feeling, and behavior, as well as in one’s relationships and productivity. There is usually distress or impaired functioning during mental illness (Knopf, Park, and Muyle 2008).
Challenges to Mental Health and Well-Being Many adolescents are more susceptible to mental health concerns than adults. This is primarily due to their undeveloped brains and continuing changes in their bodies.
In addition to this, the adolescent is also going through tough times in resolving their identity crisis and role confusion.
Challenges to Mental Health and Well-Being Roughly 20% of a country’s total population falls under the 10 to 19 years of age category or the adolescence category. The WHO estimates that there are around one billion adolescents around the world today. This is the reason why World Health Organization has mandated every member-nation to provide special health services to the adolescent segment of their population.
Challenges to Mental Health and Well-Being The WHO enumerated possible mental health challenges faced by adolescents worldwide. These include “conduct or behavior disorders, anxiety, depression and eating disorders, as well as risk behaviors including those that relate to sexual behavior, substance abuse, and violent behavior”.
Challenges to Mental Health and Well-Being The WHO enumerated possible mental health challenges faced by adolescents worldwide. These include “conduct or behavior disorders, anxiety, depression and eating disorders, as well as risk behaviors including those that relate to sexual behavior, substance abuse, and violent behavior”.
FIVE POPULAR STEPS TO IMPROVE MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL BEING FROM : NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE OF UNITED KINGDOM
CONNECT Connect with the people around you: Your family, friends, classmates, schoolmates, and neighbors. Spend time developing these relationships.
BE ACTIVE Physical activity generates a positive sense of wellness. Engage in some sports or physical activity like playing basketball, bton, bowling, biking, or swimming. Take a walk if you do not have enough time for some sports.
KEEP LEARNING Learning new skills or obtaining new knowledge can give you a sense of achievement and new confidence. Some recommended doing something new everyday. It can be a short program in cooking or baking, ing an acting or writing workshop, learning to play a musical instrument, or fixing a car problem.
GIVE TO OTHERS Giving
to others is not limited to money or other material things. A smile or a warm and sincere greeting or thank you can brighten up the day for both the giver and receiver. Social involvement such as volunteering during disasters or helping out in your communities is also good for developing mental health.
TAKE NOTICE Be in the here and now, be in the present moment, be aware of what is happening around you, your own thoughts and feelings, and the physical sensations that you experience . This awareness is also referred to as “mindfulness”, and being mindful can positively change the way you feel about life and how you feel about life and how you approach challenges.
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