Classical Organization Theory School[1].... 4n554i

CLASSICAL ORGANIZATION THEORY SCHOOL PRESENTED BY:ARPITA CHAWDA SHYAM GAJARANI PARTH TRIVEDI TANVI VASAVA SHWETA GODHANI HARDIK PUROHIT KEYUR VARDE SEEMA PRAJAPATI

HENRI FAYOL (1841-1925)

HENRI FAYOL (1841-1925) Henri Fayol’s contributions He is considered the founder of the management process school. He argued that management was an activity common to all human undertakings in business, in government, and even in the home. He stated 14 principles of management fundamental or universal truths – “ most frequently had to apply” Fayol was interested in the total organization and focused on management, which he felt had been the most neglected of business operations.

Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management 1. Division of labor

8.Centralization

2.Authority

9. The hierarchy

3.Discipline

10. Order

4.Unity of Command

11. Equity

5.Unity of Direction 6.Subordination of Individual Interests to the General Interest 7.Remuneration

12. Stability of staff 13. Initiative 14. Esprit de corps

MAX WEBER (1864-1920)

MAX WEBER (1864-1920) • Max Weber’s contributions Weber developed a theory of authority structures and described organizational activity on the basis of authority relations. He described an ideal type of organization that he called a bureaucracy, characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations, and impersonal relationships.

WEBER’S IDEAL BUREAUCRACY • Division of labor • Authority hierarchy • Formal selection • Formal rules and regulations • Impersonality • Career orientation

MARY PARKER FOLLETT (18681933)

MARY PARKER FOLLETT (18681933) • She was an American social worker, consultant, and author of books on democracy, human relations, and management. She worked as a management and political theorist, introducing such phrases as "conflict resolution," "authority and power," and "the task of leadership." • Who built on the basic framework of the classical school. • She introduced many new elements in the area of human relations and organizational structure. • She called management as “ the art of getting things done through people”

CHESTER BARNARD (NOVEMBER 7, 1886 – JUNE 7, 1961)

CHESTER BARNARD • Chester Barnard, who was president of New Jersey Bell Telephone Company, introduced the idea of the informal organization — cliques (exclusive groups of people) that naturally form within a company. He felt that these informal organizations provided necessary and vital communication functions for the overall organization and that they could help the organization accomplish its goals. • Barnard felt that it was particularly important for managers to develop a sense of common purpose where a willingness to cooperate is strongly encouraged. He is credited with developing the acceptance theory of management, which emphasizes the willingness of employees to accept that managers have legitimate authority to act. Barnard felt that four factors affected the willingness of employees to accept authority:

• The employees must understand the communication. • The employees accept the communication as being consistent with the organization's purposes. • The employees feel that their actions will be consistent with the needs and desires of the other employees.