Classification Of (logic) 11a2

C. According to Comprehension may be concrete, abstract, as the concept. Aside from this, 1. Generic. When it expresses the common essential feature. Ø Hammer is a tool. Ø Pedro is a seminarian. 2. Specific. When it expresses the distinctive constituent or the distinctive essential feature of the object. Ø Man is a rational animal. Ø Pedro is an Augustinian seminarian.

D. According to Quality 1. Positive. Term that expresses a conceptual feature, a formal reason, or a thing proper. Ø Life Ø Plants Ø Seminarian 2. Negative. Term that expresses the absence of something, in full or in part. Ø Nothing Ø Poverty Ø Death Ø Ignorance

B. According to Extension 1. Common. Term which may be applied indiscriminately to many persons or objects. For example: Ø Man Ø House Ø Teacher Ø School 2. Singular or Individual. Term which can be applied only to one subject, or to one object. 2.1. Proper Name.

Ø San Agustin Center of Studies Ø Saint Thomas of Villanova Institute Ø Order of Saint Augustine 2.2. Superlatives Ø Best dancer Ø Highest achievement Ø Tallest man

2.3. A common term restricted by a particular circumstance of place, time, incident, or object. Ø Decano of First Year Ø Teacher of Logic at STVI Ø The author of the Confessions 2.4. A common term restricted by a demonstrative pronoun. Ø This seminarian Ø That priest Ø These men The Common term may be Transcendental, Universal, or Particular.

A grammatically singular term may be logically a universal term. For example:Man is a mortal being. (It means all men distributively)A grammatically plural term may be logically particular. For example:Men are inventors. (It means not all, but only some) The true extension of a term should not be taken from its appearance, but from the sense in the sentence. Thus: Man is mortal, means all men; women are fickle, means the generality of women. 3. Particular. A term is particular if it stands for an indeterminately designated portion of its absolute extension. Meaning, a term is particular, first, if it stands for one individual or group without designating it definitely, and it stands for more than one, but not clearly for all of the individuals or groups to which it can be applied. Ø Some man Ø Some horses Ø Three boys Ø Most Americans

In the proposition “A seminarian ate the apple,” the term “a seminarian” is particular; it stands for a definite seminarian, but does not designate that horse definitely.On the other hand, in the proposition “This seminarian ate the apple,” the term “This seminarian” is singular because it only stands for a definite individual seminarian but also designates this seminarian definitely (Bachhuber, 25). 4. Universal. A term is universal if it stands for each of the subjects to which it can be applied. Ø Every man Ø Each man Ø All priests Ø Men without exception Note:A term that is grammatically singular is not necessarily singular from the point of view of logic but might be particular or universal.The definite article “the” is prefixed to both singular and universal .Ø The dog is barking excitedly. (Singular)Ø The dog is an animal. (Universal)The indefinite article “a” and “an” is prefixed to both particular and universal .Ø A dog is running. (Singular)Ø A dog is an animal. (Universal)