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TEST CODE

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JANUARY 20I8

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE@ EXAMINATION HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY Paper 02 - General Proficiency 2 hours

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

l.

This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections.

2

Answer

3

Do NOT write in the margins.

4

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

5

If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the

ALL questions.

original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this booklet. to draw a line through your original answer. 6.

If you use the extra page(s) you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant, include the question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Copyright @ 2017 Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved.

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-4SECTION A

AnswerALL questions in this section.

1.

(a)

A balanced diet assists in reducing the incidence of diseases

(i)

Define the term 'balanced diet'.

(2 marks)

(iD

State TWO nutrients, other than water, that must be included in the diet for it to be balanced.

(2 marks)

(b)

Water can be used as a solvent. State ONE other function of water.

(1 mark) (c)

Constipation often occurs as a result of an insufficient intake of water in one's diet. Name ONE other important component of the diet that is necessary to prevent constipation.

(1 mark)

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-5(d)

Table

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shows the body mass (in kg) and height (in m) of four males.

TABLE 1: BODY MASS AI\D HEIGHT OF FOUR MALES Percon

Body Mass (kg)

Height (m)

Body Mass Index (BMD

Category

Roger

65

1.55

27.1

Overweight

John

80

1.80

Peter

200

1.90

45

1.62

Stephen

(i)

Calculate the body mass index (BMI) of EACH male and state the category to which EACH individual belongs. The first row has been done for you. Write your response in Table I and show your working in the space below.

(3 marks)

(ii)

Which of the four males would be MOST at risk for developing cardiovascular diseases?

(1 mark)

(iii)

Which male, though not obese, would be considered unhealthy?

(1 mark) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

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-6(e)

The following graphs show data from a nationalhealth and nutrition examination survey. Figure I shows the weight data for boys and girls, while Figure 2 shows data for the same boys and girls, as men and women, ten years later. 33.OYo

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30.4o/o

36Y. 36Yc

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16.g%c

15.OYo

8Yo

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Girlc

Boys Both sexes [[ Normel welght fl ouatty

Obestty Men

Figure l. Weight data for boys and girls

(i)

Extreme obesity

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Figure 2. Weight data ten yearc later

Suggest TWO reasons why more boys than girls were obese.

(2 marks)

(ii)

Suggest TWO reasons why as the boys and girls aged, a greater percentage women than men showed extreme obesity.

of

(2 marks)

Total 15 marks

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-7 (a)

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Breathing is necessary for life as it brings oxygen into the body and takes carbon dioxide out ofthe body.

(i)

Define the term 'vital capacity'

(2 marks)

(ii)

Name the instrument used to measure vital capacity

(1 mark)

(b)

List THREE factors which increase the rate and depth of breathing.

(3 marks)

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-8(c)

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Drug abuse is a serious problem among young people in the Caribbean. Drugs are chemicals which change the manner in which the body functions. Some drugs can be classified as depressants while others are referred to as stimulants.

(i)

Explain the difference between

a depressant and a

stimulant, and give ONE example

of EACH.

(4 marks)

(ii)

At school, Suresh is tempted to try marijuana because his friends tell him that it can help him to get better grades. He is fearful because his teacher told his class that people can become dependent on drugs. Explain to Suresh the difference between physical and psychological dependence on drugs.

(2 marks)

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-9-

(iii)

Suggest THREE reasons why young people may start taking drugs.

(3 marks)

Total 15 marks

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-10Figure 3 shows the cross-section of a human eye.

A

G

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Figurc 3. Cross-section of a human eye

(a)

Identiff EACH of the structures labelled

(i)

A

(ii) c (iii)

G

....................

(3 marks) (b)

Which letter represents the structure that

(i) (ii) (iii)

converts light energy to nerve impulses refracts light and helps the eyeball keep its shape s the lens?

(3 marks)

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Nigel was previously able to read the newspaper by holding it about 20 cm away from his eyes. Now that he is 55 years old, he must hold the paper 60 cm away from his eyes in order to read it.

(i)

Name the condition Nigel has developed and state the cause of the condition.

(3 marks)

(ii)

What type of lens should be used to correct the problem?

(l (d)

mark)

Nigel's wife is also having vision problems. She was diagnosed with hypertension five years ago. Suggest a possible eye disease that she may have developed and how it may be treated.

(2 marks) (e)

Lee's best friend told her that "our eyes really see things upside down". Lee is confused by this statement because she sees everything right side up. Is Lee's friend telling the truth? Explain your response.

(3 marks)

Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

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(i)

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List THREE aspects of antenatal care that the doctor should monitor during

a

woman's pregnancy.

(3 marks)

(ii)

state THREE reasons why mothers should breastfeed their babies.

(3 marks)

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-13(b)

(i)

Three women attend a family planning clinic. Mandy is newly married and does not want to have children right away. Susan has four children and does not want any more. Helen's religious views prohibit her from using artificial contraception. Advise EACH woman on her BEST option for contraception, giving an explanation for EACH option.

Mandy

Susan

Helen

(6 marks)

(ii)

Vernon and Phyllis have a casual sexual relationship. Phyllis insists that Vemon use a condom during sexual intercourse. Suggest TWO benefits and ONE limitation

of using condoms. Benefits .........

Limitation

(3 marks)

Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

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-14SECTION B

AnswerALL questions in this section.

s.

(a)

Obesity is linked to many diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, in the Caribbean.

List THREE other diseases that are associated take to treat obesity.

with obesity, and THREE steps one can

Diseases associated with obesity

Steps to treat obesity

(6 marks)

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-15(b)

(i)

Cindy was diagnosed with Type II diabetes mellitus. Explain TWO differences between Type I and Type II diabetes.

(4 marks)

(ii)

Outline FIVE effects of uncontrolled diabetes.

(5 marks)

Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

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-16-

After severe flooding, the residents of a village are advised not to drink the water until the water authority says that it is safe to do so. This action is necessary because while some bacteria are not harmful to humans, others can cause serious harm. (a)

Describe how a sample of water is tested for bacteria in a school laboratory, and state TWO ways in which the floodwater could be purified at home' Test for Bacteria:

Ways of purifying water at home: .......

(6 marks)

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-17 (b)

For a Human and Social Biology project, your class decides to investigate what happens to the garbage generated from the school fair. You and your classmates track the movement of the garbage from your school to the landfill.

Discuss the disposal of garbage from collection at your school to its arrival at the landfill In your discussion, include an explanation of the operations at the landfill.

(9 marks)

Total 15 marks END OF TEST

IFYOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CIIECK YOUR WORK ON TIIIS TEST.

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- l8 EXTRA SPACE

If you

use this extra page, you MUST

write the question number clearly in the box provided.

Question No.

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