Digital Fan Regulator Mini Project 186t4m
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1
Abstract Digital (Fan) Regulator is one of the applications of electronics to increase the facilities of life. Fan is one of the unavoidable Electronic equipment in our day to day life. It has become essential element without which people can’t lead a smooth life. The presence of a fan in a house or office is not now considered as a luxury on the other hand it is included in the basic requirement. The uses of new electronic theories have been put down by expertise to increase the facilities given by the existing appliance. Here the facility of ordinary fan is increased by the making its speed digitally displayed. In digital fan regulator we can regulate the speed of the fan by using tactile button. Here the variation in the square wave counts of IC (NE555) is used for regulating the speed. A Tactile button can be used for controlling speed of the fan. Using this circuit, we can change the speed of the fan. This circuit is used for controlling the speed of the fan in 5 levels. This innovation can be a success only if people are made aware about its advantages and how -friendly it is. The circuit can be used to regulate the intensity of light, maintain the change of accuracy. This innovation finds its use mainly to help the industry where accuracy is needed in every moment.
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
2
So this topic was chosen for the necessity of regulation and the concept is based on the basic regulation prototype was thought in mind and the concept of doing this project was undertaken.
Project Image
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
3
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
4
Introduction The circuit presented here is that of a digital fan regulator, variable to provide five speeds levels as catered for in ordinary fan regulators. The circuit makes use of easily available components. An optional 7-segment display with its associated circuitry has been provided to display your choice of fan speed. The heart of the circuit is a module-6 binary counter, built around IC2 and IC3 (IC 74LS76) which is dual JK flip-flops. The counter counts up in a straight binary progression from 000 to 101 (i.e. from 0 to 5) upon each successive clock edge and is reset to 000 upon next clock. The count sequence of the counter has been summarised in Table 1.
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
5
Block diagram
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
6
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
7
BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTIO N Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
8
Transformer
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
9
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors — the transformer's coils or "windings". Transformer is used here to step down the supply voltage to a level suitable for the low voltage components. The transformer used here is a 230/ (9V-0-9V) step down transformer.
Regulator (IC 7805)
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
10
A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. IC 7805 is used here. It is a 5V regulator. It regulates the rectified 9V to 5V. This 5V is supplied to the whole circuit.
Capacitor Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
11
A capacitor (formerly known as condenser) is a device for storing electric charge. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two conductors separated by a non-conductor. Capacitors used as parts of electrical systems, for example, consist of metal foils separated by a layer of insulating film. Here, Capacitors used for noise filter.
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
12
Monostable Multivibrator (NE 555)
A multivibrator is an electronic circuit used to implement a variety of simple two-state systems such as oscillators, timers and
flip-flops.
A
monostable
multivibrator,
as
its
name
indicates, has a stable state and a quasi-stable state. An external trigger must be applied to change from the stable state to the quasi-stable state.
Here, a NE 555 IC is wired as monostable multivibrator. The trigger to the multivibrator is the signal from the switch. This Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
13
multivibrator is used to delay the clock pulse of the decade counter.
Flip flop (IC HD74LS76)
A flip-flop or latch is a circuit that has two stable states and can be used to store state information. The circuit can be made to change state by signals applied to one or more control inputs Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
14
and will have one or two outputs. Flip-flops and latches are a fundamental building block of digital electronics systems used in computers, communications, and many other types of systems. Flip-flops and latches are used as data storage elements. Such data storage can be used for storage of state, and such a circuit is described as sequential logic. It can also be used for counting of pulses, and for synchronizing variably-timed input signals to some reference timing signal.
Decoder (IC 74LS138)
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
15
A decoder is a device which does the reverse of an encoder, undoing the encoding so that the original information can be retrieved. The same method used to encode is usually just reversed in order to decode. In digital electronics, a decoder can take the form of a multipleinput, multiple-output logic circuit that converts coded inputs into coded outputs, where the input and output codes are different. e.g. n-to-2n, binary-coded decimal decoders. Enable inputs must be on for the decoder to function, otherwise its outputs assume a single "disabled" output code word. Decoding is necessary in applications such as data multiplexing, 7 segment display and memory address decoding.
Seven Segment Display (FND)
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
16
A seven-segment display, or seven-segment indicator, is a form of electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals that is an alternative to the more complex dot-matrix displays. Seven-segment displays are widely used in digital clocks, electronic meters, and other electronic devices for displaying numerical information.
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
17
Circuit Diagram
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
18
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
19
Working Principle Let us begin with the assumption that the counter reads 000 at power ON. The monoshot built around IC1 (NE 555) provides necessary pulses to trigger the counter upon every depression of switch S1. Upon the arrival of first edge, the counter advances to 001. The outputs of the counter go to IC4 (IC 74138), which is a 3-line to 8-line decoder. When IC4 receives the input address 001, its output Q1 goes low, while other outputs Q0 & Q2 through Q7 stay high. The output Q1, after inversion, drives transistor T1, which actuates relay RL1. Now power is delivered to the fan through N/O RL1/1 of relay RL1 and the tapped resistor RT. For the tapped resistor RT, one can use the resistance found in conventional fan regulators with rotary speed regulation. The outputs of the counter also go to IC6 (IC 7447), a BCD to 7segment code converter, which, in turn, drives a 7-segment LED display. When switch S1 is depressed once again, the counter advances to count 010. Now, the output Q2 of IC4 goes low, while Q0, Q1 and Q3 through Q7 go high or remain high. This forces transistor T2 to saturation and actuates relay RL2. The display indicates the counter output in a 7-segment fashion. The counter proceeds through its normal count sequence upon every depression of switch S1 up to the count 101. When switch S1 is depressed once again, normally the counter should read Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
20
110. But the two most significant bits of the counter force the output of NAND gate (IC7) to go low to reset the counter to 000. The counter now begins to count through its normal sequence all over again, upon every key depression. The circuit does not provide the facility to memorise its previous setting once it is powered OFF or when there is mains failure.
Components list 1.
IC 555 Timer
2.
IC 74LS76, IC 7447, IC 74LS00, IC 74LS138, IC 7404
3. Transformer – 230/(9V -0-9V) 4. FND (CA) 5.
Voltage Regulator IC 7805
6. Capacitor 1000/25V,10/50V 7. Capacitor 104 (.1),103 (.01) 8.
Resistors – 100K, 22K, 220 Ω
9. PCB 10. Vero
board (Power Supply) Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
21 11. Led
(5mm)
PCB Fabrication Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) play a vital role here in determining the overall performance of the electronic equipment. A good PCB design ensures that the noise introduced as a result of component placement and track layout is held within limits while still providing components years of assembly maintenance and performance reliability. Printed circuits boards are used to route electric signals through copper track which are firmly bonded to an insulating base.
Advantages of PCB over common wiring • PCB’s are necessary for connecting a large number of electronic components in a very small area with minimum parasitic effects. Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
22
• PCB’s are simulated with mass production with less chance of writing error. • Small components are easily mounted. • Servicing is simplified. The base materials used for PCB’s are glass epoxy, epoxy paper, polyester etc. Copper foil used for copper clad is manufactured by the process of electronic deposition. The properties of copper foil are: Thickness:
35μ meter
Thickness tolerance:
+5 μ meter
Purity of Copper:
99.8%
Resistivity at 20°C:
0.1594
Preparation of Single Sided PCB In a single sided PCB the conductor tracks run only on one side of copper clad board. Thus crossing of conductors is not allowed. Base materials are selected according to application. It is mechanically and chemically cleansed. The photo resist is an organic solution which when exposed to light of proper wavelength, changes their solubility in developer but after exposure to light is not soluble. Laminate coating of photo resist is done by (i)
Spray coating
(ii)
Dip coating Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
23
(iii) Roller coating. The coated copper clad and laminated film negative is kept in intimate with each other. The assembly is exposed to UV light and is rinsed in the developer tank. Proper developer has to be used for a particular photo resist and then the PCB is dyed in a tray. The dye reveals the flux to be used for a particular photo resist. Then the PCB is dyed in a tray.
Fabrication The required circuit is designed and the layout of the circuit is done on the component side as well as the copper clad side. Spaces are provided for holes to insert the respective components. Etch resistant ink coatings are given on the interconnecting marks.
Etching The copper clad PCB is etched with ferrous chloride solution containing a small amount of Hydro Chloric Acid for increasing activeness of Ferric Chloride in etching. Wherever, the varnish coating is there the copper remains. Then it is washed with water and Oxalic Acid.
Drilling The required holes of suitable size are drilled using twist drill. Now the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is complete and ready for soldering. Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
24
Soldering Soldering is the process of ing of two metals using an alloy solder consisting of Tin and Lead (Sn-Pb). Tin determines the melting whereas the Lead is used to reduce the cost. After the PCB fabrication is done, the various components are arranged at proper locations on the PCB and then the soldering is done. All liquids consist of particles which attract each other. The surface is always trying to shrink and this is because of surface tension. The principle behind soldering is that when liquid particles are brought in with the walls of the solid surface, it may happen that the solid attracts the liquid surface. This property is called adhesive property. Care must be taken that the melting point of solder is below that of the metal so that its surface is melted without melting without the metal.
Flux During the soldering process the flux acts as a medium for improving the degree of melting. The basic functions of flux are mentioned below: • Removes oxide from the surface. • Assists the transfer of heat from the source to the ing and provides a liquid cover including air gap. • Removal of residue after the completion of the soldering operation.
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
25
PCB Layout The layout can be done either by hand or by using PCB deg software like ORCAD or Circuit Maker
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
26
Application •
Digital Fan regulator based project board is used for regulator purpose. Such as Fans, Motors etc.
•
It can be used to control the intensity of various types of lights i.e. ‘Dimmer’
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
27
Advantage • This circuit is simple to use and efficient. • It can be assembled with ease. • It is cheap and hence very economic. • It is small in size. •
Thus by this project, any sort of regulation can be achieved.
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
28
Future development This digital fan regulator can be improved by the following ways: • In future aspect, adding an IR system will improve the system so the speed change technique will be précised & accurate. [TSOP 1738]
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
29
• Adding temperature sensor will improve the system therefore the speed will gradually increase each time when the heat increases. [PT100 / RTD] • The project can be further incorporated with lights to increase / decrease the intensity/illumination. [dimmer] • Besides, this concept can be moved to industry sectors such as in induction motor which can be operated remotely by this project. • High amount of current can also be operated by this project.
Conclusion Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
30
With the knowledge of new techniques in ‘Electronics’ we are able to make our life more comfortable. One such application of electronics is used in “Digital Fan Regulator”. The same circuit finds its use in many more applications. By this concept we can create various regulator systems that mainly used in industries. I feel that our product serves something good to this world and we like to present it before this prosperous world.
Reference Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
31 •
www.wikipedia.org
•
www.google.co.in
•
Electronics for you magazines
-------------
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
Abstract Digital (Fan) Regulator is one of the applications of electronics to increase the facilities of life. Fan is one of the unavoidable Electronic equipment in our day to day life. It has become essential element without which people can’t lead a smooth life. The presence of a fan in a house or office is not now considered as a luxury on the other hand it is included in the basic requirement. The uses of new electronic theories have been put down by expertise to increase the facilities given by the existing appliance. Here the facility of ordinary fan is increased by the making its speed digitally displayed. In digital fan regulator we can regulate the speed of the fan by using tactile button. Here the variation in the square wave counts of IC (NE555) is used for regulating the speed. A Tactile button can be used for controlling speed of the fan. Using this circuit, we can change the speed of the fan. This circuit is used for controlling the speed of the fan in 5 levels. This innovation can be a success only if people are made aware about its advantages and how -friendly it is. The circuit can be used to regulate the intensity of light, maintain the change of accuracy. This innovation finds its use mainly to help the industry where accuracy is needed in every moment.
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
2
So this topic was chosen for the necessity of regulation and the concept is based on the basic regulation prototype was thought in mind and the concept of doing this project was undertaken.
Project Image
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
3
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
4
Introduction The circuit presented here is that of a digital fan regulator, variable to provide five speeds levels as catered for in ordinary fan regulators. The circuit makes use of easily available components. An optional 7-segment display with its associated circuitry has been provided to display your choice of fan speed. The heart of the circuit is a module-6 binary counter, built around IC2 and IC3 (IC 74LS76) which is dual JK flip-flops. The counter counts up in a straight binary progression from 000 to 101 (i.e. from 0 to 5) upon each successive clock edge and is reset to 000 upon next clock. The count sequence of the counter has been summarised in Table 1.
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
5
Block diagram
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
6
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
7
BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTIO N Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
8
Transformer
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
9
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors — the transformer's coils or "windings". Transformer is used here to step down the supply voltage to a level suitable for the low voltage components. The transformer used here is a 230/ (9V-0-9V) step down transformer.
Regulator (IC 7805)
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
10
A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. IC 7805 is used here. It is a 5V regulator. It regulates the rectified 9V to 5V. This 5V is supplied to the whole circuit.
Capacitor Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
11
A capacitor (formerly known as condenser) is a device for storing electric charge. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two conductors separated by a non-conductor. Capacitors used as parts of electrical systems, for example, consist of metal foils separated by a layer of insulating film. Here, Capacitors used for noise filter.
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
12
Monostable Multivibrator (NE 555)
A multivibrator is an electronic circuit used to implement a variety of simple two-state systems such as oscillators, timers and
flip-flops.
A
monostable
multivibrator,
as
its
name
indicates, has a stable state and a quasi-stable state. An external trigger must be applied to change from the stable state to the quasi-stable state.
Here, a NE 555 IC is wired as monostable multivibrator. The trigger to the multivibrator is the signal from the switch. This Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
13
multivibrator is used to delay the clock pulse of the decade counter.
Flip flop (IC HD74LS76)
A flip-flop or latch is a circuit that has two stable states and can be used to store state information. The circuit can be made to change state by signals applied to one or more control inputs Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
14
and will have one or two outputs. Flip-flops and latches are a fundamental building block of digital electronics systems used in computers, communications, and many other types of systems. Flip-flops and latches are used as data storage elements. Such data storage can be used for storage of state, and such a circuit is described as sequential logic. It can also be used for counting of pulses, and for synchronizing variably-timed input signals to some reference timing signal.
Decoder (IC 74LS138)
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
15
A decoder is a device which does the reverse of an encoder, undoing the encoding so that the original information can be retrieved. The same method used to encode is usually just reversed in order to decode. In digital electronics, a decoder can take the form of a multipleinput, multiple-output logic circuit that converts coded inputs into coded outputs, where the input and output codes are different. e.g. n-to-2n, binary-coded decimal decoders. Enable inputs must be on for the decoder to function, otherwise its outputs assume a single "disabled" output code word. Decoding is necessary in applications such as data multiplexing, 7 segment display and memory address decoding.
Seven Segment Display (FND)
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
16
A seven-segment display, or seven-segment indicator, is a form of electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals that is an alternative to the more complex dot-matrix displays. Seven-segment displays are widely used in digital clocks, electronic meters, and other electronic devices for displaying numerical information.
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
17
Circuit Diagram
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
18
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
19
Working Principle Let us begin with the assumption that the counter reads 000 at power ON. The monoshot built around IC1 (NE 555) provides necessary pulses to trigger the counter upon every depression of switch S1. Upon the arrival of first edge, the counter advances to 001. The outputs of the counter go to IC4 (IC 74138), which is a 3-line to 8-line decoder. When IC4 receives the input address 001, its output Q1 goes low, while other outputs Q0 & Q2 through Q7 stay high. The output Q1, after inversion, drives transistor T1, which actuates relay RL1. Now power is delivered to the fan through N/O RL1/1 of relay RL1 and the tapped resistor RT. For the tapped resistor RT, one can use the resistance found in conventional fan regulators with rotary speed regulation. The outputs of the counter also go to IC6 (IC 7447), a BCD to 7segment code converter, which, in turn, drives a 7-segment LED display. When switch S1 is depressed once again, the counter advances to count 010. Now, the output Q2 of IC4 goes low, while Q0, Q1 and Q3 through Q7 go high or remain high. This forces transistor T2 to saturation and actuates relay RL2. The display indicates the counter output in a 7-segment fashion. The counter proceeds through its normal count sequence upon every depression of switch S1 up to the count 101. When switch S1 is depressed once again, normally the counter should read Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
20
110. But the two most significant bits of the counter force the output of NAND gate (IC7) to go low to reset the counter to 000. The counter now begins to count through its normal sequence all over again, upon every key depression. The circuit does not provide the facility to memorise its previous setting once it is powered OFF or when there is mains failure.
Components list 1.
IC 555 Timer
2.
IC 74LS76, IC 7447, IC 74LS00, IC 74LS138, IC 7404
3. Transformer – 230/(9V -0-9V) 4. FND (CA) 5.
Voltage Regulator IC 7805
6. Capacitor 1000/25V,10/50V 7. Capacitor 104 (.1),103 (.01) 8.
Resistors – 100K, 22K, 220 Ω
9. PCB 10. Vero
board (Power Supply) Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
21 11. Led
(5mm)
PCB Fabrication Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) play a vital role here in determining the overall performance of the electronic equipment. A good PCB design ensures that the noise introduced as a result of component placement and track layout is held within limits while still providing components years of assembly maintenance and performance reliability. Printed circuits boards are used to route electric signals through copper track which are firmly bonded to an insulating base.
Advantages of PCB over common wiring • PCB’s are necessary for connecting a large number of electronic components in a very small area with minimum parasitic effects. Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
22
• PCB’s are simulated with mass production with less chance of writing error. • Small components are easily mounted. • Servicing is simplified. The base materials used for PCB’s are glass epoxy, epoxy paper, polyester etc. Copper foil used for copper clad is manufactured by the process of electronic deposition. The properties of copper foil are: Thickness:
35μ meter
Thickness tolerance:
+5 μ meter
Purity of Copper:
99.8%
Resistivity at 20°C:
0.1594
Preparation of Single Sided PCB In a single sided PCB the conductor tracks run only on one side of copper clad board. Thus crossing of conductors is not allowed. Base materials are selected according to application. It is mechanically and chemically cleansed. The photo resist is an organic solution which when exposed to light of proper wavelength, changes their solubility in developer but after exposure to light is not soluble. Laminate coating of photo resist is done by (i)
Spray coating
(ii)
Dip coating Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
23
(iii) Roller coating. The coated copper clad and laminated film negative is kept in intimate with each other. The assembly is exposed to UV light and is rinsed in the developer tank. Proper developer has to be used for a particular photo resist and then the PCB is dyed in a tray. The dye reveals the flux to be used for a particular photo resist. Then the PCB is dyed in a tray.
Fabrication The required circuit is designed and the layout of the circuit is done on the component side as well as the copper clad side. Spaces are provided for holes to insert the respective components. Etch resistant ink coatings are given on the interconnecting marks.
Etching The copper clad PCB is etched with ferrous chloride solution containing a small amount of Hydro Chloric Acid for increasing activeness of Ferric Chloride in etching. Wherever, the varnish coating is there the copper remains. Then it is washed with water and Oxalic Acid.
Drilling The required holes of suitable size are drilled using twist drill. Now the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is complete and ready for soldering. Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
24
Soldering Soldering is the process of ing of two metals using an alloy solder consisting of Tin and Lead (Sn-Pb). Tin determines the melting whereas the Lead is used to reduce the cost. After the PCB fabrication is done, the various components are arranged at proper locations on the PCB and then the soldering is done. All liquids consist of particles which attract each other. The surface is always trying to shrink and this is because of surface tension. The principle behind soldering is that when liquid particles are brought in with the walls of the solid surface, it may happen that the solid attracts the liquid surface. This property is called adhesive property. Care must be taken that the melting point of solder is below that of the metal so that its surface is melted without melting without the metal.
Flux During the soldering process the flux acts as a medium for improving the degree of melting. The basic functions of flux are mentioned below: • Removes oxide from the surface. • Assists the transfer of heat from the source to the ing and provides a liquid cover including air gap. • Removal of residue after the completion of the soldering operation.
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
25
PCB Layout The layout can be done either by hand or by using PCB deg software like ORCAD or Circuit Maker
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
26
Application •
Digital Fan regulator based project board is used for regulator purpose. Such as Fans, Motors etc.
•
It can be used to control the intensity of various types of lights i.e. ‘Dimmer’
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
27
Advantage • This circuit is simple to use and efficient. • It can be assembled with ease. • It is cheap and hence very economic. • It is small in size. •
Thus by this project, any sort of regulation can be achieved.
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
28
Future development This digital fan regulator can be improved by the following ways: • In future aspect, adding an IR system will improve the system so the speed change technique will be précised & accurate. [TSOP 1738]
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
29
• Adding temperature sensor will improve the system therefore the speed will gradually increase each time when the heat increases. [PT100 / RTD] • The project can be further incorporated with lights to increase / decrease the intensity/illumination. [dimmer] • Besides, this concept can be moved to industry sectors such as in induction motor which can be operated remotely by this project. • High amount of current can also be operated by this project.
Conclusion Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
30
With the knowledge of new techniques in ‘Electronics’ we are able to make our life more comfortable. One such application of electronics is used in “Digital Fan Regulator”. The same circuit finds its use in many more applications. By this concept we can create various regulator systems that mainly used in industries. I feel that our product serves something good to this world and we like to present it before this prosperous world.
Reference Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
31 •
www.wikipedia.org
•
www.google.co.in
•
Electronics for you magazines
-------------
Somnath Dey | C/ETCE/D/0027 [2010-11]
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