Dogme 95 5t446

Dogme 95

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Contents Articles Overview Dogme 95

Major figures Lars von Trier

1 1 5 5

Thomas Vinterberg

16

Kristian Levring

18

Søren Kragh-Jacobsen

19

Selected films

20

Dogme #1: The Celebration

20

Dogme #2: The Idiots

25

Dogme #3: Mifune's Last Song

29

Dogme #4: The King Is Alive

31

Dogme #6: Julien Donkey-Boy

33

Dogme #8: Fuckland

36

Dogme #12: Italian for Beginners

39

Dogme #14: Joy Ride

41

Dogme #17: Reunion

44

Dogme #21: Kira's Reason: A Love Story

46

Dogme #23: Resin

47

Dogme #28: Open Hearts

49

References Article Sources and Contributors

51

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

52

Article Licenses License

53

1

Overview Dogme 95 Dogme 95 Years active

1995–2005

Country

International, started in Denmark

Major figures Lars von Trier, Thomas Vinterberg, Kristian Levring, Søren Kragh-Jacobsen, Jean-Marc Barr Influences

Realism, French New Wave

Influenced

Mumblecore, New Puritans

Dogme 95 was an avant-garde filmmaking movement started in 1995 by the Danish directors Lars von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg, who created the "Dogme 95 Manifesto" and the "Vow of Chastity". These were rules to create filmmaking based on the traditional values of story, acting, and theme, and excluding the use of elaborate special effects or technology.[1] They were later ed by fellow Danish directors Kristian Levring and Søren Kragh-Jacobsen, forming the Dogme 95 Collective or the Dogme Brethren. Dogme is the Danish word for dogma. The genre gained international appeal partly because of its accessibility. It sparked an interest in unknown filmmakers by suggesting that one can make a recognised film of a quality to gain recognition, without being dependent on commissions or huge Hollywood budgets. The directors used European government subsidies and television station funding instead.

History The friends Lars von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg wrote and co-signed the manifesto and its companion "vows". Vinterberg said that they wrote the pieces in 45 minutes.[2] The manifesto initially mimics the wording of François Truffaut's 1954 essay "Une certaine tendance du cinéma français" in Cahiers du cinéma. They announced the Dogme movement on March 13, 1995 in Paris, at Le cinéma vers son deuxième siècle conference. The cinema world had gathered to celebrate the first century of motion pictures and contemplate the uncertain future of commercial cinema. Called upon to speak about the future of film, Lars von Trier showered a bemused audience with red pamphlets announcing "Dogme 95". In response to criticism, Von Trier and Vinterberg have both stated that they just wanted to establish a new extreme: "In a business of extremely high budgets, we figured we should balance the dynamic as much as possible." The first of the Dogme films (Dogme #1) was Vinterberg's 1998 film Festen (The Celebration). It was critically acclaimed and won the Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival that year. Lars von Trier's Dogme film, Idioterne (The Idiots), also premiered at Cannes that year but was less successful. Since the two films were released, other directors have made films based on Dogme principles. French-American actor and director Jean-Marc Barr was the first non-Dane to direct a Dogme film: Lovers (1999) (Dogme #5). The American Harmony Korine's movie Julien Donkey-Boy (Dogme #6) also was considered a Dogme film. Het Zuiden (South) (2004), directed by Martin Koolhoven, included thanks to "Dogme 95". Koolhoven originally planned to shoot it as a Dogme film, and it was co-produced by von Trier's Zentropa. The director decided he did not want to be so severely constrained as by Dogme principles.

Dogme 95

Goals and rules The goal of the Dogme collective is to purify filmmaking by refusing expensive and spectacular special effects, post-production modifications and other technical gimmicks. The filmmakers concentrate on the story and the actors' performances. They believe this approach may better engage the audience, as they are not alienated or distracted by overproduction. To this end, Lars von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg produced ten rules to which any Dogme film must conform. These rules, referred to as the "Vow of Chastity," are as follows:[1] 1. Filming must be done on location. Props and sets must not be brought in. If a particular prop is necessary for the story, a location must be chosen where this prop is to be found. 2. The sound must never be produced apart from the images or vice versa. Music must not be used unless it occurs within the scene being filmed, i.e., diegetic. 3. The camera must be a hand-held camera. Any movement or immobility attainable in the hand is permitted. The film must not take place where the camera is standing; filming must take place where the action takes place. 4. The film must be in colour. Special lighting is not acceptable (if there is too little light for exposure the scene must be cut or a single lamp be attached to the camera). 5. Optical work and filters are forbidden. 6. The film must not contain superficial action (murders, weapons, etc. must not occur.) 7. Temporal and geographical alienation are forbidden (that is to say that the film takes place here and now). 8. Genre movies are not acceptable. 9. The film format must be Academy 35 mm. 10. The director must not be credited.

Uses and abuses The above rules have been both circumvented and broken from the first Dogme film to be produced. For instance, Vinterberg "confessed" to having covered a window during the shooting of one scene in The Celebration (Festen). With this, he both brought a prop onto the set and used "special lighting." Von Trier used background music (Le Cygne by Camille Saint-Saëns) in the film The Idiots (Idioterne). Since 2002 and the 31st film, a filmmaker no longer needs to have his work verified by the original board to identify it as a Dogme 95 work. The founding "brothers" have begun working on new experimental projects and have been skeptical about the later common interpretation of the Manifesto as a brand or a genre. The movement broke up in 2005.[3] Today, filmmakers submit a form online and check a box which states they "truly believe that the film ... has obeyed all Dogme95 rules as stated in the VOW OF CHASTITY."[4]

Criticism Remodernist filmmaker Jesse Richards criticizes the movement in his Remodernist Film Manifesto [5], stating in relation to Point 10, "Remodernist film is not Dogme ’95. We do not have a pretentious checklist that must be followed precisely. This manifesto should be viewed only as a collection of ideas and hints whose author may be mocked and insulted at will."[6] American film critic Armond White also criticized the movement, stating that it was "the manifesto that brought filmmaking closer to amateur porn". He believed the movement would be rejected as insignificant by film historians.[7]

2

Dogme 95

Notable Dogme films Complete list is available from the Dogme95 web site [8] (via Internet Archive). • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Dogme #1: The Celebration Dogme #2: The Idiots Dogme #3: Mifune's Last Song Dogme #4: The King Is Alive Dogme #5: Lovers Dogme #6: Julien Donkey-Boy Dogme #7: Interview Dogme #8: Fuckland Dogme #10: Chetzemoka's Curse Dogme #11: Diapason Dogme #12: Italian for Beginners Dogme #13: Amerikana Dogme #14: Joy Ride Dogme #15: Camera Dogme #17: Reunion aka American Reunion

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Dogme #18: Et Rigtigt Menneske Dogme #19: Når Nettene Blir Lange (Norway) Dogme #20: Strass Dogme #21: Kira's Reason: A Love Story Dogme #22: Era Outra Vez Dogme #23: Resin (film) Dogme #24: Security, Colorado Dogme #25: Converging with Angels Dogme #28: Elsker Dig For Evigt (Open Hearts) Dogme #29: The Bread Basket Dogme #30: Dias de Voda Dogme #31: El Desenlace Dogme #32: Se til venstre, der er en Svensker Dogme #33: Residencia Dogme #34: Forbrydelser Dogme #35: Così x Caso Dogme #37: Gypo (film) Dogme #38: Mere Players Dogme #39: Dört Sıvı: Kan [9]

3

Dogme 95

Notable figures • • • • • • • • • • •

Thomas Vinterberg Lars Von Trier Søren Kragh-Jacobsen Kristian Levring Jean-Marc Barr Anthony Dod Mantle Paprika Steen Fran Ilich Harmony Korine Susanne Bier Richard Martini

Notes and references [1] Utterson, Andrew. Technology and Culture, the Film Reader (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=EsVYBL8ytLMC& pg=PA87& dq=Dogme+ 95& lr=& as_brr=3& client=firefox-a& sig=ACfU3U3QPeg05053E9LO6MefbvdGpXAFag#PPA88,M1). Routledge. ISBN 9780415319850. . [2] Krause, Stefanie (2007). The Implementing of the 'Vow of Chastity' in Jan Dunn's "Gypo" (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=phzgbBQcBmAC& pg=PA5& dq=Vinterberg+ 45+ minutes& lr=& as_brr=3& client=firefox-a& sig=ACfU3U26DR6ODq1OT0iLtLSf9DE4gPQw). Verlag. ISBN 9783638768115. . [3] Kristian Levring interview (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ */ http:/ / www. dogme95. dk/ news/ interview/ pressemeddelelse. htm) (via Internet Archive) [4] Dogme 95 - Dogmefilms (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ */ http:/ / www. dogme95. dk/ dogme-films/ certreg. asp) (via Internet Archive) [5] http:/ / jesse-richards. blogspot. com/ 2008/ 08/ remodernist-film-manifesto. html [6] "Remodernist Film Manifesto", When The Trees Were Still Real, August 27, 2008 (http:/ / jesse-richards. blogspot. com/ 2008/ 08/ remodernist-film-manifesto. html) Retrieved September 1, 2008 [7] White, Armond (2004-03-09). "Digital Video Dogpatch: The king of false movement directs his ice queen" (http:/ / www. nypress. com/ article-9025-digital-video-dogpatch. html), New York Press. Retrieved on 2009-05-24. [8] http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080430104505/ http:/ / www. dogme95. dk/ dogme-films/ filmlist. asp [9] http:/ / www. dortsivi. com/ en

External links • "Interview: Mogens Rukov" (http://zakka.dk/euroscreenwriters/articles/mogens_rukov_532.htm), Zakka • Official Nimbus Film Website (http://www.nimbusfilm.dk) • "Lars From 1-10" (http://www.thepervertsguide.com/trailers_lars1-10.html), 10-minute film with reflections by von Trier on Dogme 95, The Perverts Guide • Dogme 95 (http://www.newleftreview.org/?view=2224) by John Roberts, New Left Review I/238, November-December 1999

4

5

Major figures Lars von Trier Lars von Trier

Lars von Trier at Cannes in 2000 Born

Lars Trier 30 April 1956 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

Occupation

Film director and screenwriter

Influenced by

Andrei Tarkovsky, Carl Theodore Dreyer, Ingmar Bergman, Stanley Kubrick, Douglas Sirk, David Lynch, Jørgen Leth, Erich von Stroheim, Josef von Sternberg, Bertolt Brecht

Spouse

Cæcilia Holbek (m. 1987-1995) Bente Frøge (m. 1997-present)

[1]

Lars von Trier (Danish pronunciation: [ˈlɑːs fʌn ˈtʁiːˀɐ]; born Lars Trier; 30 April 1956)[2] is a Danish film director and screenwriter. He is closely associated with the Dogme 95 collective — an avant-garde filmmaking movement — although his own films have taken a variety of approaches. His work has frequently divided the critics.[3] Von Trier began making films at the age of eleven. His first publicly released film was an experimental short called The Orchid Gardener (1977) and his first feature film came seven years later with The Element of Crime (1984). Among many other prizes, awards and nominations, he is the recipient of the Palme d'Or, the Grand Prix, and the Prix du Jury at the Cannes Film Festival.

Lars von Trier

Early life and career Lars Trier was born in Kongens Lyngby, north of Copenhagen, the son of Inger Trier (née Høst, 1915—1989). He had believed that his biological father was Ulf Trier (1907—1978), until his mother revealed to him on her deathbed that he had been conceived as a result of an affair she had with her employer, Fritz Michael Hartmann. His mother considered herself a communist, while his father was social democrat, and both were committed nudists,[4] and the young Lars went on several childhood holidays to nudist camps. They regarded the disciplining of children as reactionary. Trier has noted that he was brought up in an atheist family, and that although Ulf Trier was Jewish, he was not religious. He did not discover the identity of his biological father until 1989. His parents did not allow much room in their household for "feelings, religion, or enjoyment", and also refused to make any rules for their children,[5] with complex results for von Trier's personality and development.[6] He began making his own films at the age of 11 after receiving a Super-8 camera as a gift and continued to be involved in independent moviemaking throughout his high school years.[3] In 1979, he was enrolled in the National Film School of Denmark.[7] His peers at the film school nicknamed him "von Trier". The name is sort of an inside-joke with the von (German "of" or "from" used as a nobiliary particle), suggesting nobility and a certain arrogance, while Lars is a very common and Trier not an unusual name in Denmark.[8] He reportedly kept the "von" name in homage to Erich von Stroheim and Josef von Sternberg, both of whom also added it later in life.[9] During his time as a student at the school he made the films Nocturne (1980) and The Last Detail (Den sidste detalje, 1981),[10] both of which won Best Film awards at the Munich International Festival of Film Schools,[11] and he graduated with Images of a Relief (Befrielsesbilleder, 1982) in 1983.

Europe trilogy After graduation he began work on the very stylized crime drama, The Element of Crime (Forbrydelsens element 1984), which won a technical award at the Cannes Film Festival. His next film was Epidemic (1987), which was also shown at Cannes in the Un Certain Regard section. The film is partly a dark science fiction-tale of a future plague epidemic, and partly chronicles two filmmakers (played by Lars von Trier and screenwriter Niels Vørsel) preparing that film, with the two storylines ultimately colliding. For television von Trier directed Medea (1988), which won the Jean d'Arcy prize in . It was based on a screenplay by Carl Th. Dreyer and starred Udo Kier. He completed the Europe-trilogy in 1991 with Europa (released as Zentropa in the U.S.), which won the Prix du Jury at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival[12] and picked up awards at other major festivals. In 1990 he also directed the music video for the worldwide hit "Bakerman" by Laid Back.[13] This video was reused in 2006 by the English DJ and artist Shaun Baker who did a remake of Bakerman.

Zentropa and The Kingdom In 1992 he and producer Peter Aalbæk Jensen founded the movie production company Zentropa Entertainment, named after a train company in Europa, their most recent film at the time.[7] The reason for doing this was to achieve financial independence and to have total creative control. The production company has produced many movies other than von Trier's own as well as television series. It is also the world's only mainstream film studio to have produced hardcore sex films: Constance (1998), Pink Prison (1999), HotMen CoolBoyz (2000) and All About Anna (2005). In order to make money for his newly founded company,[14] he made The Kingdom (Riget, 1994) and The Kingdom II (Riget II, 1997), a pair of miniseries recorded in the Danish national hospital, the name "Riget" being a colloquial name for the hospital known as Rigshospitalet (lit. The Kingdom's Hospital) in Danish. A projected third installment in the series was derailed by the 1998 death of Ernst-Hugo Järegård, who played Helmer, one of the major characters.

6

Lars von Trier

7

Dogme 95 In 1995, Lars von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg presented their manifesto for a new cinematic movement which they called Dogme 95. It would however take a while before the first of these films appeared, and at this point many thought of the concept mainly as a radical idea with no future. In 1996, von Trier conducted an unusual theatrical experiment in Copenhagen involving 53 actors, which he titled Psychomobile 1: The World Clock. A documentary chronicling the project was directed by Jesper Jargil, and was released in 2000 with the title De Udstillede (The Exhibited). Von Trier's next film, Breaking the Waves (1996), the first film in von Trier's 'Golden Heart Trilogy', won the Grand Prix at Cannes and featured Emily Watson, who was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Its grainy images and hand-held photography pointed towards Dogme 95. The second was The Idiots (1998), nominated for a Palme d'Or, which he presented in person at the Cannes Film Festival notwithstanding his dislike of travelling. Dancer in the Dark (2000) was the final component of the trilogy. As originator of the Dogme 95 concept, which has led to international interest in Danish film as a whole, he has inspired filmmakers all over the world.[15] Trier and Thomas Vinterberg, who created the Dogme 95 Manifesto and the "Vow of Chastity" together with their fellow Dogme directors Kristian Levring and Søren Kragh-Jacobsen shared in 2008 the European Film Award European Achievement in World Cinema.

Explicit images Von Trier's use of sexually explicit images in The Idiots (1998) started a wave of arthouse mainstream films with unsimulated sex, such as Catherine Breillat's Romance (1999), Baise-Moi (2000), Intimacy (2001), Vincent Gallo's The Brown Bunny (2003) and Michael Winterbottom's 9 Songs (2004). In 1998, Lars von Trier also made history by having his company Zentropa be the world's first mainstream film company to produce hardcore pornographic films. Three of these films, Constance (1998), Pink Prison (1999) and the adult/mainstream crossover-feature All About Anna (2005), were made primarily for a female audience, and were extremely successful in Europe, with the first two being directly responsible for the March 2006 legalizing of pornography in Norway.[16] Women too like to see other people having sex. What they don’t like is the endless close-ups of hammering bodyparts without a story. Lars von Trier is the first to have realised this and produced valuable quality porn films for women. — Stern #40, 27 September 2007[17] Lars von Trier's initiative spearheaded a European wave of female-friendly porn films from directors such as Anna Span, Erika Lust and Petra Joy, while von Trier's company Zentropa was forced to abandon the experiment due to pressure from English business partners.[18] In July 2009, women's magazine Cosmopolitan ranked Pink Prison as #1 in its Top Five of the best women’s porn, calling it the "role model for the new porn-generation".[19] Lars von Trier would return to explicit images in his self-directed Antichrist (2009), exploring darker themes.

Lars von Trier

2000s In 2000, von Trier premiered a musical featuring Icelandic musician Björk, Dancer in the Dark. The film won the Palme d'Or at Cannes.[20] The song "I've Seen It All" (which Trier co-wrote) received an Academy Award nomination for Best Song. The Five Obstructions (2003), made by Lars von Trier and Jørgen Leth, is a documentary, but also incorporates lengthy sections of experimental films. The premise is that Lars von Trier challenges director Jørgen Leth, his friend and mentor, to remake his old experimental film The Perfect Human (1967) five times, each time with a different 'obstruction' (or obstacle) specified by von Trier.[21] He then directed two films in his announced 'U.S. trilogy': Dogville (2003), starring Nicole Kidman and Manderlay (2005), starring Bryce Dallas Howard in the same role - as Grace. Both films are extremely stylized, with the actors playing their parts on a nearly empty soundstage with little but chalk marks on the floor to indicate the sets. Both films had huge casts of major international actors (Harriet Andersson, Lauren Bacall, James Caan, Danny Glover, Willem Dafoe, etc.), and questioned various issues relating to American society, such as intolerance in Dogville and slavery in Manderlay. Controversy erupted on the 2004 set for Manderlay when actor John C. Reilly walked off the Trollhättan, Sweden, set in late March. Reilly walked off the film when he learned that an scene involved the slaughter of a donkey for food. The film's producer says the animal—who was old and not expected to live much longer—was killed off-camera by a certified veterinarian, in accordance with Swedish law. Reilly was replaced by Zeljko Ivanek.[22] The U.S. was also the scene for Dear Wendy (2005), a feature film directed by von Trier's "Dogme-brother" Thomas Vinterberg from a script by von Trier. It starred Jamie Bell and Bill Pullman and dealt with gun worship and violence in American society. In 2006, von Trier released a Danish-language comedy film, The Boss of it All. It was shot using a process that von Trier has called Automavision, which involves the director choosing the best possible fixed camera position and then allowing a computer to randomly choose when to tilt, pan or zoom. It was followed by an autobiographical film, De unge år: Erik Nietzsche sagaen del 1 (2007), scripted by von Trier but directed by Jacob Thuesen, which tells the story of von Trier's years as a student at the National Film School of Denmark. It stars Jonatan Spang as von Trier's alter ego, called "Erik Nietzsche", and is narrated by von Trier himself. All main characters in the film are based on real people from the Danish film industry, with the thinly veiled portrayals including Jens Albinus as director Nils Malmros, Dejan Čukić as screenwriter Mogens Rukov and Søren Pilmark in an especially unflattering portrayal as sex-obsessed school principal Henning Camre. Lars von Trier's next feature film was a horror movie, Antichrist, about "a grieving couple who retreat to their cabin in the woods, hoping a return to Eden will repair their broken hearts and troubled marriage; but nature takes its course and things go from bad to worse". The film, which includes sexually explicit content, stars Willem Dafoe and Charlotte Gainsbourg. It premiered in competition at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival, where the festival's jury honoured the movie by giving the Best Actress award to Gainsbourg.[23] The Cannes Film Festival Ecumenical Jury, which gives prizes for movies that promote spiritual, humanist and universal values, also "honoured" the film with a special "anti-award"; a spokesman for the jury described it as "the most misogynist movie from the self-proclaimed biggest director in the world."[24] In 2010 the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter reported on their website that the film production company Zentropa is reportedly making more revenue from suing movie pirates in that have ed Antichrist illegally than from box office and DVD sales, demanding a payment of around 1,300 euros per to avoid legal action.[25]

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Lars von Trier

2010s Von Trier's latest work is Melancholia, a psychological disaster drama;[26] shot between 22 July and 8 September 2010 at Film i Väst's studios in Trollhättan, Sweden,[27] and with exteriors in the area surrounding the Tjolöholm Castle.[28] Magnolia Pictures has acquired the distribution rights for North America.[29] The film was in competition at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival.[30] Von Trier announced that after finishing Melancholia he hopes to begin production of Nymphomaniac, a film about the sexual awakening of a woman (Charlotte Gainsbourg).[31] The director explained how he got the idea for the project: "my DP on [Melancholia], Manuel Claro, at one point voiced a surprising prejudice. He urged me not to fall into the trap that so many aging directors fall into – that the women get younger and younger and nuder and nuder. That's all I needed to hear. I most definitely intend for the women in my films to get younger and younger and nuder and nuder."[32]

Phobias Von Trier suffers from multiple phobias, including an intense fear of flying.[33] His fear of air travel frequently places severely limiting constraints on him and his crew, necessitating that virtually all of his films be shot in either Denmark or Sweden, even those set in the United States or other foreign countries. Von Trier has had a number of his films featured at the Cannes Film Festival over the course of his career, and each time has insisted on driving from Denmark to for the festival and back. On numerous occasions von Trier has also stated that he suffers from occasional depression which renders him incapable of performing his work and unable to fulfill social obligations.[34]

Filming techniques Lars von Trier has said that "a film should be like a stone in your shoe". In order to create original art he feels that filmmakers must distinguish themselves stylistically from other films, often by placing restrictions on the filmmaking process. The most famous restriction is the cinematic "vow of chastity" of the Dogme95 movement with which he is associated, though only one of his films, The Idiots, is an actual Dogme 95 film. In Dancer in the Dark, jump shots[35] and dramatically-different color palettes and camera techniques were used for the "real world" and musical portions of the film, and in Dogville everything was filmed on a sound stage with no set where the walls of the buildings in the fictional town were marked as a line on the floor. Von Trier often shoots digitally and operates the camera himself, preferring to continuously shoot the actors in-character without stopping between takes. In Dogville he let actors stay in character for hours, in the style of method acting. These techniques often put great strain on actors, most famously with Björk during the filming of Dancer in the Dark. Often he uses the same regular group of actors in many of his films: some of his frequently used actors are Jean-Marc Barr, Udo Kier and Stellan Skarsgård. He is heavily influenced by the work of Carl Theodor Dreyer[36] and the film The Night Porter.[37] He was so inspired by the short film The Perfect Human directed by Jørgen Leth that he challenged Leth to redo the short five times in feature film The Five Obstructions.[38]

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Lars von Trier

Trilogies Von Trier has on occasion referred to his films as falling into thematic and stylistic trilogies. This pattern began with his first feature film, marking the beginning of The Europa Trilogy, though he claims a trilogy was not initially planned, instead being applied to the films in retrospect. The Europe trilogy illuminated the traumas of Europe in the past and future. This trilogy includes The Element of Crime (1984), Epidemic (1987) and Europa (1991). The Golden Heart trilogy was about naive heroines who maintain their 'golden hearts' despite the tragedies they experience. This trilogy consists of Breaking the Waves (1996), The Idiots (1998) and Dancer in the Dark (2000). While all three films are sometimes associated with the Dogme 95 movement, only The Idiots is a certified Dogme 95 film. The USA: Land of Opportunities trilogy follows the character of Grace, and is set in a stylized American past. Von Trier has stated he was inspired to make a trilogy about the United States as a reaction to Americans at the Cannes film festival who said he had no right to make the Dancer in the Dark,[7] which was often viewed as being critical of a country he has never been to (and has no intention of ever visiting, due to his phobia of travel); however, von Trier himself has stated in interviews he did not intend it to be a criticism of America, saying the film takes place in a "fictional America". Lars von Trier proposed the films as ‘a series of sermons on America’s sins and hypocrisy’, inspired by the fact that American movie makers have made many movies about places across the world to which they have not travelled. All three movies will be shot in the same distinctive style, on a bare sound stage with no set and buildings marked by lines on the floor. This style is inspired by 1970s televised theatre. The trilogy will consist of Dogville (2003), Manderlay (2005) and the so far not produced Wasington. The Kingdom (Riget) was planned as a trilogy of three seasons with 13 episodes in total, but the third season was not filmed due to death of star Ernst-Hugo Järegård shortly after completion of the second season.

Biological father In 1989, von Trier's mother revealed on her deathbed that the man whom he thought was his father was not, and that she had had a tryst with her former employer, Fritz Michael Hartmann (1909–2000),[39] who descended from a long line of Roman Catholic classical musicians (his grandfather was Emil Hartmann, his great grandfather J.P.E. Hartmann, his uncles included Niels Gade and Johan Ernst Hartmann and thus Niels Viggo Bentzon was his cousin). She stated that she did this in order to give her son "artistic genes".[40] Until that point I thought I had a Jewish background. But I'm really more of a Nazi. I believe that my biological father's German family went back two further generations. Before she died, my mother told me to be happy that I was the son of this other man. She said my foster father had had no goals and no strength. But he was a loving man. And I was very sad about this revelation. And you then feel manipulated when you really do turn out to be creative. If I'd known that my mother had this plan, I would have become something else. I would have shown her. The slut![41] During the German occupation of Denmark, Fritz Michael Hartmann worked as a civil servant and ed a resistance group (Frit Danmark), actively counteracting any pro-German and pro-Nazi colleagues in his department.[42] Another member of this infiltrative resistance group was Hartmann's colleague Viggo Kampmann, who would later become prime minister of Denmark.[43] After four awkward meetings with his biological father, the man refused further .[44] The revelations led von Trier to attempt to "erase" the connections with his stepfather by converting to Catholicism, and to rework his filmmaking into a style emphasizing "honesty".[3] I don't know if I'm all that Catholic really. I'm probably not. Denmark is a very Protestant country. Perhaps I only turned Catholic to piss off a few of my countrymen.[41] In 2009, he declared, "I'm a very bad Catholic. In fact I'm becoming more and more of an atheist."[45]

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Lars von Trier

11

Controversy at 2011 Cannes Film Festival On 19 May 2011, Cannes Film Festival's board of directors declared von Trier persona non grata for comments he made during a press conference for his film Melancholia the day before, an unprecedented move for the film festival.[46][47] Responding to a question by The Times film critic Kate Muir about his German roots and his comments in a Danish film magazine about the Nazi aesthetic, von Trier claimed to have some sympathy for and understanding of Adolf Hitler,[48] and then jokingly claimed to be a Nazi himself:[49][50] What can I say? I understand Hitler, but I think he did some wrong things, yes, absolutely. ... He's not what you would call a good guy, but I understand much about him, and I sympathize with him a little bit. But come on, I'm not for the Second World War, and I'm not against Jews. ... I am of course very much for Jews, no not too much, because Israel is pain in the ass, but still how can I get out of this sentence. ... — Press Conference for Melancholia, Cannes, 2011[51][52] Referring to the art of Nazi architect Albert Speer, von Trier added: ... he had some talent that was kind of possible for him to use during... Ok, I'm a Nazi. Then, to Toronto Star film critic Peter Howell, who questioned whether Melancholia could be an answer to Hollywood blockbusters and asked von Trier if he could “envison doing a film on a grander scale than this”, von Trier replied: On a grander scale? Yeah. Yeah that's what we Nazis, we have a tendency to do things on a greater scale. Yeah, maybe you could persuade me into the final solution with journalists. ...

Von Trier at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival.

Hours later, Von Trier released a brief statement of apology about his comments at the press conference: "If I have hurt someone this morning by the words I said at the press conference, I sincerely apologise. I am not anti-semitic or racially prejudiced in any way, nor am I a Nazi."[53] The next day, the festival directors held an extraordinary meeting, deciding his remarks were "unacceptable, intolerable and contrary to the ideals of humanity and generosity that preside over the very existence of the festival. [...] The board of directors condemns these comments and declares Lars von Trier persona non grata at the Festival de Cannes, with effect immediately."[53] Afterwards, Von Trier held a news conference of his own in Danish. His first remark to the Danish journalists was: "If any of you journalists will beat me, so just do it. I will enjoy it." He went on to say that "The Holocaust is the worst crime that ever happened. I have nothing against Jews. I have a Jewish name, and all my children have Jewish names." He itted that his remarks about the Nazis had been misguided, saying "It was really stupidly done and it was in the wrong forum. At the press conference with Danish journalists, there were no problems, but I do not think the international journalists understand my Danish humor." But he also said he was proud to have been kicked out of the Cannes festival: "I am proud to have been declared 'persona non grata'. It is perhaps the first time in cinematic history, it has happened. ... I think one reason is that French people treated the Jews badly during World War II. Therefore, it is a sensitive topic for them. I respect the Cannes festival very highly, but I also understand that they are very angry at me right now."[54][53] Speaking to other news outlets he said that his comments were "very sarcastic and very rude, but that's very Danish." He also added, "I don't sympathize with Hitler for one second."[55] In the October 2011 issue of GQ, Von Trier is quoted in an interview saying he was not really sorry for the comments he made, only sorry he didn't make it clear that he was joking. He added, "I can't be sorry for what I said—it's against my nature."[56] On October 5, 2011, Von Trier was interviewed by police in Denmark about his

Lars von Trier remarks at Cannes. Afterwards, he announced that he had 'decided from this day forth to refrain from all public statements and interviews'.[57]

Honours Lars von Trier was made a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog on 14 January, 1997.[58] Ten years later Trier decided to hand back the prize, saying that the Danish royal family are just "simple people of bad quality".[59]

References Notes [1] Lumholdt, Jan (2003). Lars von Trier: interviews (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=voTOt3GaRJAC& pg=PR22). Univ. Press of Mississippi. pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-1-57806-532-5. . Retrieved 14 October 2010. [2] Krak, Ove Holger (2004) (in Danish). Kraks blaa bog 2004 (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=xHJmAAAAMAAJ). Krak. p. 1184. ISBN 978-87-7225-797-6. . Retrieved 11 October 2010. [3] "Biography" (http:/ / www. starpulse. com/ Actors/ Von_Trier,_Lars/ Biography/ ). Starpulse.com. 1956-04-30. . Retrieved 2010-07-15. [4] In "Trier on von Trier", by Stig Bjorkman, 2005 [5] Nicodemus, Katja (2005-11-10). "Lars von Trier, Katja Nicodemus: "I am an American woman" (17/11/2005) - signandsight" (http:/ / www. signandsight. com/ features/ 465. html). Die Zeit. . Retrieved 2010-10-14. "I come from a family of communist nudists. I was allowed to do or not do what I liked. My parents were not interested in whether I went to school or got drunk on white wine. After a childhood like that, you search for restrictions in your own life." [6] "Copenhagen: Lars von Trier" (http:/ / visit-copenhagen. com/ about-copenhagen/ lars-von-trier. htm). Visit-copenhagen.com. . Retrieved 2010-07-15. [7] "The Tomb: Lars von Trier Interview" (http:/ / www. timeout. com/ film/ news/ 553. html). Timeout.com. . Retrieved 2010-07-15. [8] "How many have the name - Statistics Denmark" (http:/ / www. dst. dk/ HomeUK/ Statistics/ Names/ HowMany. aspx). . Retrieved 2010-10-11. [9] Roman, Shari (15 September 2001). Digital Babylon: Hollywood, Indiewood & Dogme 95 (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=UJFZAAAAMAAJ). IFILM. ISBN 978-1-58065-036-6. . Retrieved 11 October 2010. [10] Lumholdt, Jan (2003). Lars von Trier: interviews (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=voTOt3GaRJAC& pg=PA72). Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-57806-532-5. . Retrieved 11 October 2010. "Nocture was the more important of the two and it also won a prize at the film festival in Munich" [11] Cowie, Peter (15 June 1995). Variety International Film Guide 1996 (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=m8khh4m7c-4C). Focal. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-240-80253-4. . Retrieved 11 October 2010. "...he won two consecutive awards at the European Film School competition in Munich with Nocturne and The Last Detail" [12] "Festival de Cannes: Europa" (http:/ / www. festival-cannes. com/ en/ archives/ ficheFilm/ id/ 91/ year/ 1991. html). festival-cannes.com. . Retrieved 2009-08-09. [13] Schepelern, Peter (2000) (in Danish). Lars von Triers film: tvang og befrielse (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=oXlZAAAAMAAJ). Rosinante. p. 313. ISBN 978-87-621-0164-7. . Retrieved 11 October 2010. [14] "Lars von Trier fan site biography" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20091027155703/ http:/ / www. geocities. com/ lars_von_trier2000/ biyografi. htm). Web.archive.org. 2009-10-27. . Retrieved 2011-10-06. [15] Chaudhuri, Shohini (2005). Contemporary world cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=qOXoeyesZOIC& pg=PA37). Edinburgh University Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-7486-1799-9. . Retrieved 12 October 2010. "The Dogme concept has, moreover, spilled across national borders and inspired filmmaking outside Denmark." [16] "Norwegian Media Authority none-censorship decision" (http:/ / www. medietilsynet. no/ Documents/ Aktuelt/ Presedenssaker/ Filmklagenemd/ 2006-0698-04_Flirtshop_Klagenemnda. pdf) (PDF). . Retrieved 2010-07-15. [17] Stern #40, 27 September 2007 [18] Thomas Vilhelm: Filmbyen (Ekstra Bladets Forlag, 2003), ISBN 978-87-7731-274-8, page 74 [19] Cosmopolitan (German edition), July 2009, page 30 [20] "Festival de Cannes: Dancer in the Dark" (http:/ / www. festival-cannes. com/ en/ archives/ ficheFilm/ id/ 5140/ year/ 2000. html). festival-cannes.com. . Retrieved 2009-10-11. [21] Scott, A. O. (26 May 2004). "The Five Obstructions (2003) | FILM REVIEW; A Cinematic Duel of Wits For Two Danish Directors" (http:/ / movies. nytimes. com/ movie/ review?res=9C02E4D6143EF935A15756C0A9629C8B63). Movies.nytimes.com. . Retrieved 2010-10-12. [22] Hohenadel, Kristin (2004-04-30). "Departure | Movies" (http:/ / www. ew. com/ ew/ article/ 0,,628792,00. html). EW.com. . Retrieved 2010-07-15. [23] "Cannes jury gives its heart to works of graphic darkness" (http:/ / www. irishtimes. com/ newspaper/ world/ 2009/ 0525/ 1224247325203. html?digest=1). IrishTimes.com. 2009-05-05. . Retrieved 2010-07-15.

12

Lars von Trier [24] "Antichrist gets an anti-award in Cannes" (http:/ / www. nationalpost. com/ arts/ story. html?id=1624286). NationalPost.com. . Retrieved 2010-07-15. [25] DN (2010-12-29). "11.000 kronor för en filmbiljett" (http:/ / www. dn. se/ kultur-noje/ film-tv/ 11000-kronor-for-en-filmbiljett). DN.SE. . Retrieved 2011-10-06. [26] "Lars Von Trier has Melancholia" (http:/ / www. dreadcentral. com/ news/ 33943/ lars-von-trier-has-melancholia). DreadCentral.com. 10/09/2009. . Retrieved 2010-07-15. [27] Pham, Annika (2010-07-28). "Von Trier’s Melancholia kicks in" (http:/ / cineuropa. org/ newsdetail. aspx?lang=en& documentID=148856). Cineuropa. . Retrieved 2010-07-28. [28] Erlandsson, Martin (2010-08-11). "Dunst och Skarsgård filmar i norra Halland" (http:/ / hallandsposten. se/ nojekultur/ film/ 1. 919882-dunst-och-skarsgard-filmar-i-norra-halland) (in Swedish). Hallandsposten. . Retrieved 2011-02-13. [29] Lodderhose, Diana (2011-02-13). "Magnolia takes 'Melancholia'" (http:/ / www. variety. com/ article/ VR1118032139?refCatId=13). Variety. . Retrieved 2011-02-13. [30] "Festival de Cannes: Official Selection" (http:/ / www. festival-cannes. com/ en/ article/ 58041. html). Cannes. . Retrieved 2011-04-14. [31] Pham, Andrias (2011-03-24). "Lars von Trier to Make ‘The Nymphomaniac’ Next?" (http:/ / www. slashfilm. com/ lars-von-trier-the-nymphomaniac/ ). Slashfilm. . Retrieved 2011-03-24. [32] Juul Carlsen, Per (May 2011). Neimann, Susanna. ed. "The Only Redeeming Factor is the World Ending" (http:/ / www. dfi. dk/ Service/ English/ News-and-publications/ FILM-Magazine/ Artikler-fra-tidsskriftet-FILM/ 72/ The-Only-Redeeming-Factor-is-the-World-Ending. aspx). FILM (Danish Film Institute) (72): 5–8. ISSN 1399-2813. . Retrieved 2011-05-12. [33] Lumholdt, Jan (2003). Lars von Trier: interviews (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=voTOt3GaRJAC& pg=PA114). Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-57806-532-5. . Retrieved 11 October 2010. [34] Goss, Brian Michael (January 2009). Global auteurs: politics in the films of Almodóvar, von Trier, and Winterbottom (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=lR6sIjOBE_AC& pg=PA118). Peter Lang. p. 118. ISBN 978-1-4331-0134-2. . Retrieved 11 October 2010. [35] Hurbis-Cherrier, Mick (13 March 2007). Voice & vision: a creative approach to narrative film and DV production (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=X_ZIihJ_WpMC& pg=PA82). Focal Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-240-80773-7. . Retrieved 11 October 2010. "Lars von Trier uses jump cuts as an aesthetic device throughout Dancer in the Dark" [36] Stevenson, Jack (2002). Lars von Trier (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=UHJZAAAAMAAJ). British Film Institute. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-85170-902-4. . Retrieved 11 October 2010. "During work on a TV adaptation of the never-filmed Dreyer script, Medea, in 1988, von Trier claimed to have a telepathic connection with him. He even claimed his golden retriever, Kajsa, was also in spiritual with Dreyer ..." [37] Loughlin, Gerard (2004). Alien sex: the body and desire in cinema and theology (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=b9iP9OWEqncC& pg=PA195). Wiley-Blackwell. p. 195. ISBN 978-0-631-21180-8. . Retrieved 11 October 2010. [38] Livingston, Paisley; Plantinga, Carl R.; Mette Hjort (3 December 2008). "58" (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=hev6YYxFpYgC). The Routledge companion to philosophy and film. Routledge. pp. 631–40. ISBN 978-0-415-77166-5. . Retrieved 11 October 2010. [39] Philipps-Universität Marburg; Universität-Gesamthochschule-Siegen (32 December 2003) (in German). Medien Wissenschaft (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=f9kpAQAAIAAJ). Niemeyer. p. 112. . Retrieved 11 October 2010. [40] Grodal, Torben Kragh; Laursen, Iben Thorving (2005). Visual authorship: creativity and intentionality in media (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=qRpxLdn7C4EC& pg=PA124). Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 124. ISBN 978-87-635-0128-6. . Retrieved 11 October 2010. [41] Nicodemus, Katja (2005-11-10). "Lars von Trier, Katja Nicodemus: "I am an American woman" (17/11/2005) - signandsight" (http:/ / www. signandsight. com/ features/ 465. html). Die Zeit. . Retrieved 2010-10-14. [42] Entry on Fritz Michael Hartmann in the Database of the Danish Resistance Movement (http:/ / modstand. natmus. dk/ Person. aspx?43138)

(Danish) [43] Skov, Jesper (2004). ""Viggo Kampmann under besættelsen" (Danish)[[Category:Articles with Danish language external links (http:/ / 130. 225. 142. 181/ file/ saxo-abstract-s/ viggo_kampmann_under_besaettelsen_2004_4. pdf)]"]. Siden Saxo (4): 39. . Retrieved 21 May 2011. [44] "Stranger and fiction" (http:/ / www. smh. com. au/ articles/ 2003/ 12/ 22/ 1071941658741. html). The Sydney Morning Herald. 2003-12-22. . [45] Fielder, Miles (August 4, 2009). "Lars von Trier" (http:/ / www. bigissuescotland. com/ features/ view/ 104). The Big Issue Scotland. Retrieved September 11, 2011. [46] Barchfield, Jenny; Younis, Zara (May 2011). "Cannes festival bans Danish filmmaker Lars von Trier for Hitler sympathy remarks" (http:/ / www. washingtonpost. com/ entertainment/ cannes-festival-bans-von-trier-condemns-danish-filmmaker-for-hitler-remarks/ 2011/ 05/ 19/ AF1Aa66G_story. html). Washington Post. . Retrieved May 24, 2011. [47] "Von Trier 'persona non grata' at Cannes after Nazi row" (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ news/ entertainment-arts-13452978). BBC News. May 19, 2011. . Retrieved May 24, 2011. [48] Dargis, Manohla (May 19, 2011). "A Provocateur Steals Cannes Spotlight" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2011/ 05/ 20/ movies/ at-cannes-lars-von-triers-melancholia-and-jafar-panahi. html). New York Times. . Retrieved May 24, 2011. [49] Higgins, Charlotte (May 18, 2011). "Lars von Trier provokes Cannes with 'I'm a Nazi' comments" (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ film/ 2011/ may/ 18/ lars-von-trier-cannes-2011-nazi-comments). London: The Guardian. . Retrieved May 24, 2011. [50] Sharp, Rob (May 19, 2011). "Von Trier stirs up controversy with Nazi claim" (http:/ / www. independent. co. uk/ arts-entertainment/ films/ news/ von-trier-stirs-up-controversy-with-nazi-claim-2286069. html). London: The Independent. . Retrieved May 24, 2011.

13

Lars von Trier [51] (SWF) Lars Von Trier Nazi Comments at Cannes 2011 (http:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=CHKojTI-pNM) (Press conference). YouTube. May 18, 2011. . Retrieved May 28, 2011. [52] Bagnetto, Laura Angela (May 22, 2011). "Lars von Trier - Nazi or Nutter?" (http:/ / www. english. rfi. fr/ culture/ 20110521-lars-von-trier-press-conference). Radio Internationale. . Retrieved May 24, 2011. [53] Hoyle, Ben (May 20, 2011). "Von Trier gets kicked out of Cannes after his 'I am a Nazi' joke fails to raise a laugh". The Times (London): p. 9. [54] Kastrup, Kim (May 19, 2011). "Trier: - Jeg er stolt over at være bortvist" (http:/ / ekstrabladet. dk/ flash/ filmogtv/ film/ article1557641. ece) (in Danish). Ekstra Bladet. . Retrieved May 24, 2011. [55] "Lars von Trier Banned From Cannes, Which He's "A Little Proud" Of; Gives Brief Apology For Comments" (http:/ / thefilmstage. com/ 2011/ 05/ 19/ lars-von-trier-banned-from-cannes-which-hes-a-little-proud-of-gives-brief-apology-for-comments/ ). Thefilmstage.com. 2011-05-19. . Retrieved 2011-10-06. [56] Heath, Chris (October 2011). "Lars Attacks!" (http:/ / www. gq. com/ entertainment/ movies-and-tv/ 201110/ lars-von-trier-gq-interview-october-2011). GQ. . [57] October 5, 2011. "Lars von Trier seals his lips after police inquiry" (http:/ / www. artsjournal. com/ slippeddisc/ 2011/ 10/ lars-von-trier-seals-his-lips-after-police-inquiry. html). Artsjournal.com. . Retrieved 2011-10-06. [58] "Entry in the Danish database" (https:/ / www. borger. dk/ foa/ Sider/ default. aspx?fk=26& foaid=10205318& searchKey=Trier). Borger.dk. 1997-01-14. . Retrieved 2011-10-06. [59] 11:36, 09. sep 2007. "Lars von Trier sender ridderkors retur" (http:/ / ekstrabladet. dk/ flash/ dkkendte/ article242983. ece). Ekstrabladet.dk. . Retrieved 2011-10-06.

Further reading • Bainbridge, Caroline (2007). The cinema of Lars von Trier: authenticity and artifice (http://books.google.com/ books?id=T6gqQAAACAAJ). Wallflower Press. ISBN 978-1-905674-44-2. Retrieved 11 October 2010. • Goss, Brian Michael (January 2009). Global auteurs: politics in the films of Almodóvar, von Trier, and Winterbottom (http://books.google.com/books?id=lR6sIjOBE_AC). Peter Lang. ISBN 978-1-4331-0134-2. Retrieved 11 October 2010. • Lasagna, Roberto; Lena, Sandra (1 June 2003) (in French). Lars von Trier (http://books.google.com/ books?id=E9FYAibtRr4C). Gremese Editore. ISBN 978-88-7301-543-7. Retrieved 11 October 2010. • Livingston, Paisley; Plantinga, Carl R.; Mette Hjort (3 December 2008). The Routledge companion to philosophy and film (http://books.google.com/books?id=hev6YYxFpYgC). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-77166-5. Retrieved 11 October 2010. • Lumholdt, Jan (2003). Lars von Trier: interviews (http://books.google.com/books?id=voTOt3GaRJAC). Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-57806-532-5. Retrieved 11 October 2010. • Schepelern, Peter (2000) (in Danish). Lars von Triers film: tvang og befrielse (http://books.google.com/ books?id=oXlZAAAAMAAJ). Rosinante. ISBN 978-87-621-0164-7. Retrieved 11 October 2010. • Simons, Jan (15 September 2007). Playing the waves: Lars Von Trier's game cinema (http://books.google.com/ books?id=GUrJW2G9WkIC). Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 978-90-5356-979-5. Retrieved 11 October 2010. • Stevenson, Jack (2002). Lars von Trier (http://books.google.com/books?id=UHJZAAAAMAAJ). British Film Institute. ISBN 978-0-85170-902-4. Retrieved 11 October 2010. • Stevenson, Jack (2003). Dogme uncut: Lars von Trier, Thomas Vinterburg, and the gang that took on Hollywood (http://books.google.com/books?id=alcbAQAAIAAJ). Santa Monica Press. ISBN 978-1-891661-35-8. Retrieved 11 October 2010. • Trier, Lars von; Addonizio, Antonio (1 January 1999) (in Italian). Il dogma della libertà: conversazioni con Lars von Trier (http://books.google.com/books?id=cK26AAAACAAJ). Edizioni della battaglia. ISBN 978-88-87630-07-7. Retrieved 11 October 2010. • Trier, Lars von; Björkman, Stig (2003). Trier on von Trier (http://books.google.com/ books?id=pD5kQgAACAAJ). Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-20707-7. Retrieved 11 October 2010. • Tiefenbach, Georg: Drama und Regie (Writing and Directing): Lars von Trier's Breaking the Waves, Dancer in the Dark, Dogville. 2010 Königshausen & Neumann. ISBN 978-3-8260-4096-2

14

Lars von Trier

External links • • • • • • •

• • •

Lars von Trier (http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1885/) at the Internet Movie Database Lars von Trier (http://idoc-pub.sitiosdesbloqueados.org/artist/Lars+von+Trier) discography at Discogs Lars from 1–10 (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0194097) Production Company (http://www.zentropa.dk) The Director Interviews: Lars von Trier, The Boss of It All (http://filmmakermagazine.com/directorinterviews/ 2007/05/lars-von-trier-boss-of-it-all.php) at Filmmaker Magazine Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database (http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2002/great-directors/ vontrier) Geoffrey Macnab, "I'm a control freak - but I was not in control" (Geoffrey Macnab talks to Lars Von Trier) (http://film.guardian.co.uk/interview/interviewpages/0,,1878115,00.html), The Guardian (22 September 2006). Slave to cinema (http://film.guardian.co.uk/interview/interviewpages/0,,1926609,00.html) The Age Interview (http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/12/13/1071125713337.html?from=storyrhs& oneclick=true) Timeout Interview (http://www.timeout.com/film/news/553)

15

Thomas Vinterberg

16

Thomas Vinterberg Thomas Vinterberg

Thomas Vinterberg in February 2010 Born

19 May 1969 Copenhagen, Denmark

Occupation Film director, producer, screenwriter and actor Spouse

Maria Walbom (1990–2007)

Thomas Vinterberg (born 19 May 1969) is a Danish film director who, along with Lars von Trier, co-founded the Dogme 95 movement in filmmaking, which established rules for simplifying movie production. In 1993 he graduated from the National Film School of Denmark with Last Round (Sidste Omgang), which won the jury and producers' awards at the Munich International Festival of Film Schools, and First Prize at Tel Aviv. That year Vinterberg made his first TV drama for DR TV and his short fiction film The Boy Who Walked Backwards, produced by Birgitte Hald at Nimbus Film. This film has won awards and accolades all over the world, including Nordic Panorama in Iceland, the International Short Film Festival in Clermont-Ferrand, and the Toronto Film Festival. His first feature film was The Biggest Heroes (De Største Helte), a road movie that received acclaim in his native Denmark. In 1995, Vinterberg formed the Dogme 95 movement with Lars von Trier, Kristian Levring, and Søren Kragh-Jacobsen. Following that dogma in 1998, he conceived, wrote and directed (and also had a small acting role in) the first of the Dogme movies, The Celebration (Festen). As per the rules of the Dogme manifesto, he did not take a directorial credit and IMDb has the film listed with no director. However, he and the film won numerous nominations and awards, including the Jury Prize at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival.[1] In 2003, he directed the apocalyptic science fiction love story It's All About Love, a movie he wrote, directed and produced himself over a period of five years. This movie was entirely in English and featured, among others, Joaquin Phoenix, Claire Danes, and Sean Penn. The movie did not do well, as critics and audiences found it idiosyncratic and somewhat incomprehensible.

Thomas Vinterberg His next film, the English-language Dear Wendy (2005), scripted by Lars von Trier, also flopped, even in his native Denmark where it sold only 14,521 tickets [2]. Vinterberg then tried to retrace his roots with a smaller Danish-language production, En mand kommer hjem (2007), which also flopped, selling only 31,232 tickets [3]. On 1 August 2008 he directed the music video for "The Day That Never Comes", the first single off Metallica's album Death Magnetic. His 2010 film Submarino was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival.[4]

Filmography • • • • • • • •

Sneblind (1990) (short) Last Round / Sidste omgang (1993) (short) The Boy Who Walked Backwards / Drengen der gik baglæns (1994) (short) The Biggest Heroes / De største helte (1996) The Celebration / Festen (1998) The Third Lie (2000) It's All About Love (2003) Dear Wendy (2005)

• A Man Comes Home / En mand kommer hjem (2007) • Submarino (2010)

References [1] "Festival de Cannes: The Celebration" (http:/ / www. festival-cannes. com/ en/ archives/ ficheFilm/ id/ 4907/ year/ 1998. html). festival-cannes.com. . Retrieved 2009-09-29. [2] http:/ / www. dfi. dk/ talogstatistik/ biograftal/ biotal2006/ biotal2006_2. htm [3] http:/ / www. dfi. dk/ talogstatistik/ biograftal/ biotal/ biotal. htm [4] "60th Berlin International Film Festival: Programme" (http:/ / www. berlinale. de/ en/ archiv/ jahresarchive/ 2010/ 02_programm_2010/ 02_Programm_2010. html). berlinale.de. . Retrieved 2010-10-16.

External links • Thomas Vinterberg (http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0899121/) at the Internet Movie Database • CNN interview with Thomas Vinterberg (http://edition.cnn.com/2006/TRAVEL/02/02/copenhagen.qa/)

17

Kristian Levring

Kristian Levring Kristian Levring is a Danish director born in 1957.[1][2] He was the fourth signatory of Dogme95 movement in cinema.

Biography He lived eight years in . He graduated in editing at the National Film School of Denmark and has edited a large number of documentaries and feature films besides directing two feature films, among these, Et skud fra hjertet (1986). He is the recipient of some 23 Danish and international awards for his commercials. The King is Alive (Dogme 4) is his third feature film. The King is Alive tells the story of a mixed group of tourists in Namibia, Africa, whose bus breaks down in a remote, abandoned village (formerly a mining town). Facing starvation, dehydration, cabin fever, and death, one of the group decides to stage a production of Shakespeare's King Lear and casts the others as characters. As the thin veneer of civilized behavior breaks down, the group experiences the absurdity of putting on a play (for no audience except one lone indigenous man) in such dire and fatal circumstances. Filmed in stark digital and adhering to the tenets of Dogme filmmaking, The King is Alive is a fascinating study in the dark heart of people under extreme stress. Herzogian in its theme and mood, the film's location (remote Namibia) is as much a character in the film as the actors, like the space ship in Ridley Scott's Alien. The King is Alive features Jennifer Jason-Leigh and Brion James (Blade Runner's "Leon"; Cabin Boy). Dark, tense, and desperate, it stands as a powerful piece of filmmaking. Levring's next film after The King is Alive is called The Intended and features some of the same actors from the former. Set in the jungle of Borneo in the 1920s, it concerns an isolated English settlement/ivory trading station. Similar in nature to The King is Alive, it focuses on what happens to small isolated groups under both internal psychological pressure and external pressure from the environment around them. As The King is Alive was filmed by Dogme rules and restrictions, The Intended instead has steady camera shots (rather than shaky/handheld) and ambient music throughout. Subtle yet powerful, the film explores Conradian contexts through the lens of a female perspective. Its influence can be seen in the Australian frontier film The Proposition.

References [1] Fakta: Kristian Levring , filminstruktør Navnedatabasen 25.05.2002 [2] Reklamefilmens mester. Portræt: Kristian Levring Kristeligt Dagblad 09.05.2007

External links • Kristian Levring (http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0506290/) at the Internet Movie Database • Scope profile (http://www.scope.dk/person/7574-kristian-levring)

18

Søren Kragh-Jacobsen

19

Søren Kragh-Jacobsen Søren Kragh-Jacobsen Born

2 March 1947 Copenhagen, Denmark

Occupation

Film director

Years active 1978 – 2003

Søren Kragh-Jacobsen (born 2 March 1947 in Copenhagen) is a Danish film director, musician, and song writer. He was one of the founders and practitioners of the Dogme95 project, for creating films without artificial technology or techniques.

Early career Kragh-Jacobsen started out as a popular musician in Denmark, before attending film school in Prague. After returning to Denmark, he directed and co-wrote television productions. He became one of the developers of the avant-garde film-making project Dogme95, based on creating films based only on reality, without artificial lighting and technology.

Marriage and family Kragh-Jacobsen is married. They live in Copenhagen with their two children.

Career His first feature film was Wanna See My Beautiful Navel? (1978). This was followed by the successful Rubber Tarzan (1981), Thunderbirds (1983), Emma's Shadow (1988), Shower of Gold (1988), The Boys from St. Petri (1991), The Island on Bird Street (1997), and his international break-through, dogme #3 Mifune's Last Song (1999), and Skagerrak (2003). Mifune's Last Song won the Silver Bear - Special Jury Prize at the 49th Berlin International Film Festival.[1] He has done some commercials and Danish/Swedish TV series. Acclaimed internationally, he has received several major awards for his work, including the Memorial François Truffaut Award/Giffoni, an Emmy for The Island on Bird Street and a Silver Bear at the Berlinale film festival in Berlin for Mifune's Last Song. The Boys from St. Petri was screened out of competition at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival.[2]

References [1] "Berlinale: 1999 Prize Winners" (http:/ / www. berlinale. de/ en/ archiv/ jahresarchive/ 1999/ 03_preistr_ger_1999/ 03_Preistraeger_1999. html). berlinale.de. . Retrieved 2012-01-31. [2] "Festival de Cannes: The Boys from St. Petri" (http:/ / www. festival-cannes. com/ en/ archives/ ficheFilm/ id/ 33/ year/ 1992. html). festival-cannes.com. . Retrieved 2009-08-16.

20

Selected films Dogme #1: The Celebration The Celebration (Festen) DVD cover Directed by

Thomas Vinterberg

Produced by

Birgitte Hald Morten Kaufmann

Written by

Thomas Vinterberg Mogens Rukov

Starring

Ulrich Thomsen Henning Moritzen Thomas Bo Larsen Paprika Steen Birthe Neumann Trine Dyrholm

Music by

Lars Bo Jensen

Editing by

Valdís Óskarsdóttir

Distributed by Scanbox Danmark Release date(s) May 1998 Running time

105 minutes

Country

Denmark

Language

Danish

Budget

$1.3 million

The Celebration is a 1998 Danish film, produced by Nimbus Film and directed by Thomas Vinterberg. Its original Danish title is Festen (The Banquet or The Celebration), and it was released under this title in the UK. The film tells the story of a family gathering to celebrate their father's 60th birthday. At the dinner, the eldest son publicly accuses his father of sexually abusing both him and his twin sister (who had recently committed suicide). Vinterberg was inspired to write it with Mogens Rukov, based on a hoax broadcast by a Danish radio station.[1] It was the first film created under Dogme 95 rules, a movement of young Danish filmmakers who preferred simple production values and naturalistic performances.

Dogme #1: The Celebration

Plot Respected family patriarch and businessman Helge (Henning Moritzen) is celebrating his 60th birthday at the family-run hotel. Gathered together amongst many family and friends are his wife Else (Birthe Neumann), Christian (Ulrich Thomsen), his sullen eldest son, his well-traveled daughter Helene (Paprika Steen), and Michael (Thomas Bo Larsen), his boorish younger son. Christian's twin sister, Linda, recently committed suicide at the hotel. Before the celebration dinner, Helene finds Linda's suicide note, but hides it after becoming upset by the contents (which are not revealed to the audience). Michael fights with his wife, whom he earlier abandoned on the roadside with their three children, and then makes love to her. Michael later is pulled aside by a waitress whom he had an affair with (and had made pregnant) and then beats her when she disparages Helge. Later, during dinner, Christian makes a speech to the family in which he accuses his father Helge of sexually abusing him and his late sister Linda. Helge's family and friends initially dismiss the accusations as absurd, a joke, or a figment of Christian's imagination. In a private conversation in the pantry, a seemingly baffled Helge asks Christian about his motivations for slandering him, and a Christian appears to recant from his accusation. However, Christian is spurred to further action by hotel chef Kim (Bjarne Henriksen), a childhood friend who knows about the abuse. Christian then stands up and continues his toast by accusing Helge of causing Linda's death. Helge speaks to Christian alone and threateningly offers to announce in a toast Christian's troubled personal history, impotence with women and his perhaps inappropriately close relationship with his late sister, Linda. Christian says nothing in response to the threat. Further exacerbating the tensions of the day, Helene's African-American boyfriend Gbatokai (Gbatokai Dakinah) shows up, enraging the racist Michael who later leads most of the partygoers in a racist children's song to offend him. During a toast, Else makes a series of back-handed compliments towards her children, accusing Christian of having an overactive imagination as a child and asking him to apologize for his earlier accusation. Christian responds by accusing her of interrupting Helge during one of the rapes, yet not interfering with the incident, and calling her a "cunt". Michael and two other guests violently eject Christian from the hotel. When Christian walks back in, they beat Christian and tie him to a tree in the nearby woods. Christian's accusations are confirmed when Helene, apparently finally worn down by guilt, reads Linda's suicide note aloud to the assembled guests. Linda's note states that she decided to kill herself after feeling overwhelmed by dreams in which her father was molesting her again. In a fit of anger, Helge its to the abuse in front of all the guests by saying that it was all Christian was good for. He then leaves the dining room with the guests stunned. Christian, who is drunk, faints after walking out of the dining hall and imagines seeing Linda. When he awakes, he learns from Helene that Michael is missing. We learn that the drunken Michael has called Helge outside and then beat his father severely, promising him that he will never see his grandchildren again. The next morning, Helge speaks to the group, its his wrongdoing and declares his love for his children. Michael coolly dismisses their father from the table, stating that he should now leave so that they can have breakfast. Christian reveals that he is going back to Paris, and asks one of the waitresses, Pia (who has known Michael for years), to accompany him. She accepts, and the film ends with the rest of the family and guests eating breakfast nonchalantly.

21

Dogme #1: The Celebration

Cast • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Ulrich Thomsen as Christian Klingenfeldt-Hansen Henning Moritzen as Helge, the father Thomas Bo Larsen as Michael, the brother Paprika Steen as Helene, the sister Birthe Neumann as Else, the mother Trine Dyrholm as Pia Helle Dolleris as Mette Therese Glahn as Michelle Klaus Bondam as Helmut von Sachs, the toastmaster Bjarne Henriksen as Kim Gbatokai Dakinah as Gbatokai Lasse Lunderskov as The uncle Lars Brygmann as Lars, the receptionist Lene Laub Oksen as Linda, the dead sister Linda Laursen as Birthe John Boas as Grandfather

• Erna Boas as Grandmother

Style The Celebration is best known for being the first Dogme 95 film (its full title in Denmark is Dogme #1 - Festen). Dogme films are governed by a manifesto that insists on specific production and narrative limitations (such as banning any post-production sound editing), in part as a protest against the expensive Hollywood-style film-making. The film was shot on a Sony DCR-PC7E Handycam on standard Mini-DV cassettes.[2]

Inspiration Some years after making the film, Vinterberg told about its inspiration: A young man told the story on a radio show of the host Keld Koplev. Vinterberg was told about it by the friend of a psychiatric nurse who claimed to have treated the young man. He listened to the radio programme and asked the scriptwriter Mogens Rukov to write a screenplay on the events,[1] as if it were the young man's own story. It has later been revealed that the story was completely made up, by the patient receiving mental care. [3]

Reception The Celebration has earned mostly positive reviews. Based on 34 reviews collected by the film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 91% of critics gave the film a positive review.[4] Roger Ebert gave the film three out of four stars, writing that the film mixes farce and tragedy so completely that it challenges us to respond at all. ... Vinterberg handles his material so cannily that we are must always look for clues to the intended tone.[5] Psychologist Richard Gartner,[6] who specializes in counseling men who were sexually abused as children, writes that The Celebration is a praiseworthy film that accurately depicts the consequences of sexual abuse: The extent of the father’s transgressions is revealed bit by bit in successive revelations. We see that the son has been severely damaged by his boyhood abuse, and has been incapable of intimate relatedness throughout his life. His sister, who has committed suicide, was also deeply damaged. The father denies the incest through most of the movie, and this denial is conveyed and reinforced in the reactions of those who hear the accusations. The partygoers are momentarily shocked by each disclosure, but then continue to celebrate the

22

Dogme #1: The Celebration birthday in a nearly surrealistic manner that serves as a dramatic enactment of the chronic denial often seen in incestuous families.

Awards The Celebration won the following awards: • Amanda Awards, Norway (1998): Best Nordic Feature Film - Thomas Vinterberg • Bodil Awards (1999): • Best Actor - Ulrich Thomsen • Best Film - Thomas Vinterberg • Canberra International Film Festival (1999): Audience Award - Thomas Vinterberg • Cannes Film Festival (1998): Jury Prize - Thomas Vinterberg (Tied with La Classe de Neige (1998))[7] • European Film Awards (1998): European Discovery of the Year - Thomas Vinterberg (Tied with Vie rêvée des anges, La (1998)) • Gijón International Film Festival (1998): Best Director - Thomas Vinterberg • Guldbagge Awards (1999): Best Foreign Film - Thomas Vinterberg • Independent Spirit Awards (1999): Best Foreign Film - Thomas Vinterberg • Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards (1998): Best Foreign Film - Thomas Vinterberg • Lübeck Nordic Film Days (1998): • Audience Prize of the "Lübecker Nachrichten" - Thomas Vinterberg • Baltic Film Prize for a Nordic Feature Film - Thomas Vinterberg • Prize of the Ecumenical Jury - Thomas Vinterberg • New York Film Critics Circle Awards (1998): Best Foreign Language Film - Thomas Vinterberg • Norwegian International Film Festival (1999): Best Foreign Film of the Year - Thomas Vinterberg • Robert Awards (1999): • • • • • • •

Best Actor - Ulrich Thomsen Best Cinematography - Anthony Dod Mantle Best Editing - Valdís Óskarsdóttir Best Film - Thomas Vinterberg Best Screenplay - Thomas Vinterberg, Mogens Rukov Best ing Actor - Thomas Bo Larsen Best ing Actress - Birthe Neumann

• Rotterdam International Film Festival (1999): Audience Award - Thomas Vinterberg • São Paulo International Film Festival (1998): Honorable Mention - Thomas Vinterberg

Stage adaptations The Celebration has frequently been adapted for the stage; as of 2008 there have been adaptations in more than 15 languages. The English-language adaptation, which retains the Danish title Festen, was written by David Eldridge. It premiered at the Almeida Theatre in 2004 in a production directed by Rufus Norris, before transferring to a successful West End run at the Lyric Theatre, London until April 2005. It commenced a UK tour in February 2006, before transferring to Broadway. Despite its great success in London, it closed after only 49 performances on Broadway, ending on May 20, 2006. It opened in Melbourne, Australia in July 2006 starring Jason Donovan. An Irish production (under the title of Festen) ran in the Gate Theatre, Dublin, from September 2006 to November 2006.

23

Dogme #1: The Celebration In 2006, a Mexican adaptation opened, starring Mexican actor Diego Luna. In September 2007 a Peruvian production opened starring Paul Vega and Hernan Romero under the direction of Chela de Ferrari. The Company Theatre mounted the Canadian premiere of Festen in November 2008 at the Berkeley Street Theatre in Toronto. This production was directed by Jason Byrne and starred Eric Peterson, Rosemary Dunsmore, Nicholas Campbell, Philip Riccio, Allan Hawco, Tara Rosling, Caroline Cave, Richard Clarkin, Earl Pastko, Milton Barnes, Gray Powell and Alex Paxton-Beesley. The Shadwell Dramatic Society's production of FESTEN opened at the ADC Theatre, Cambridge on the 6th March 2012.

References [1] Christensen, Claus (May 18, 2003). "Der var engang en fest" (http:/ / www. webcitation. org/ 5j8dubs7u). Ekko. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. ekkofilm. dk/ essays. asp?table=essays& id=19) on August 19, 2009. . Retrieved August 19, 2009. [2] "IMDB Technical Specs: The Celebration (1998)" (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0154420/ technical). . [3] http:/ / www. ekkofilm. dk/ essays. asp?table=essays& id=19 [4] "The Celebration (1998)" (http:/ / www. rottentomatoes. com/ m/ 1094723-celebration/ ). Rotten Tomatoes. . Retrieved July 3, 2010. [5] Ebert, Roger (November 13, 1998). "The Celebration Review" (http:/ / www. webcitation. org/ 5j8d26K6j). Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original (http:/ / rogerebert. suntimes. com/ apps/ pbcs. dll/ article?AID=/ 19981113/ REVIEWS/ 811130301/ 1023) on August 19, 2009. . Retrieved August 19, 2009. [6] Gartner, Richard. "Cinematic Depictions of Boyhood Sexual Victimization". Gender and Psychoanalysis (1999) Volume 4, pp. 253-289. [7] "Festival de Cannes: The Celebration" (http:/ / www. festival-cannes. com/ en/ archives/ ficheFilm/ id/ 4907/ year/ 1998. html). festival-cannes.com. . Retrieved 2009-09-29.

External links • Festen (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0154420/) at the Internet Movie Database • An interview with the film director Thomas Vinterberg by Jeremy Lehrer from indiewire.com (http://www. webcitation.org/5j8hM5jX2)

24

Dogme #2: The Idiots

25

Dogme #2: The Idiots The Idiots German movie poster Directed by

Lars von Trier

Produced by

Vibeke Windeløv

Written by

Lars von Trier

Starring

Bodil Jørgensen Jens Albinus

Release date(s) May 20, 1998 (Cannes Film Festival) [1]

Running time

117 minutes

Country

Denmark

Language

Danish

The Idiots (Danish: Idioterne) is a 1998 Danish film directed by Lars von Trier. It is his first film made in compliance with the Dogme '95 Manifesto, and is also known as Dogme #2. It is the second film in von Trier's Golden Heart Trilogy, which includes Breaking the Waves (1996) and Dancer in the Dark (2000)

Plot A seemingly anti-bourgeois group of adults spend their time seeking their "inner idiot" to release their inhibitions. They do so by behaving in public as if they were developmentally disabled. The Idiots is not concerned with actual disability, or with distinguishing between mental retardation and physical impairment. At a restaurant, patrons are disturbed by the group's mischief, but single diner Karen (Bodil Jorgensen) develops an appreciation of their antics. The of the group refer to this behaviour as 'sing', a neologism derived from 'ser', the Danish equivalent of 'spaz', which has the same connotations in Denmark as in English-speaking countries. Karen takes a ride in a taxi cab with the people from the restaurant, and she finds herself at a big house. The apparent leader of the group, Stoffer (Jens Albinus), is supposed to be selling the house (which belongs to his uncle), but instead it becomes the focal point for group activities. The 'sing' is a self-defeating attempt by the group to challenge the establishment through provocation. The self-styled idiots feel that the society-at-large treats their intelligence uncreatively and unchallengingly; thus, they seek the uninhibited self-expression that they imagine a romantic ideal of disability will allow. Stoffer, at his birthday party, wishes for a 'gangbang', and both clothes and inhibitions are soon discarded. But when Stoffer calls for the group to let idiocy invade their personal daily lives, only Karen takes up the challenge. She takes Susanne (Anne Louise Hassing) back to her house, where they are greeted by surprise by Karen's mother. Karen had been missing for two weeks, following the death of her young baby; she offers no explanation of where she has been. Karen attempts to s in front of her family by dribbling the food she is eating, but this results in a violent slap from her husband, Anders. Karen and Susanne leave the house.

Dogme #2: The Idiots

Cast • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Bodil Jørgensen as Karen Jens Albinus as Stoffer Anne Louise Hassing as Susanne Troels Lyby as Henrik Nikolaj Lie Kaas as Jeppe Louise Mieritz as Josephine Henrik Prip as Ped Luis Mesonero as Miguel Knud Romer Jørgensen as Axel Trine Michelsen as Nana Anne-Grethe Bjarup Riis as Katrine Paprika Steen as High Class Lady Erik Wedersøe as Stoffer's Uncle Michael Moritzen as Man From Municipality Anders Hove as Josephine's Father

Production Breaches of Dogme 95 rules The confession of a Dogme 95 film is an idea adapted by Thomas Vinterberg in the first Dogme 95 film: Make a confession if there were things happening on the shoot which are not in accordance with the strict interpretation of the Dogme 95 rules. It is written from the director's point of view. Accordingly, Lars von Trier made the following confession: In relation to the production of Dogme 2 "The Idiots", I confess: • • • •

To have used a stand-in in one case only (the sexual intercourse scene). To have organised payment of cash to the actors for shopping of accessories (food). To have intervened with the location (by moving sources of light – candlelight – to achieve exposure). To have been aware of the fact that the production had entered into an agreement of leasing a car (without the knowledge of the involved actor). All in all, and apart from the above, I feel to have lived up to the intentions and rules of the manifesto: Dogme95.[2]

In addition to these confessed breaches, the film also uses non-diegetic music mixed in during several pivotal scene transitions. Producing sound apart from the images violates Dogme 95 rule 2.

26

Dogme #2: The Idiots

Reception The film provoked a storm of publicity and debates, one of which was about the fictional representation of disability.[3] Film critic Mark Kermode's reaction was to shout "Il est merde! Il est merde!" (He was probably trying to say "It is shit!" in French, although the correct interjection would be "C'est de la merde!") from the back of the auditorium during the official screening of the film at Cannes, a spontaneous review for which he was ejected from the venue.[4] Another controversy arose over the sexual content, which was unusually explicit for a narrative film. The Idiots contains a shower scene in which a member of the group (in character as an "idiot") has an erection and, later, a group sex scene that includes one couple (faces not seen) having unsimulated penetrative (vaginal) sexual intercourse. Both instances of explicit content are in view only for a few seconds. The film was cleared for theatrical release by the British Board of Film Classification, receiving an 18 certificate.[5] When it was shown on Film4 (then FilmFour) in 2000, the erection and the intercourse were obscured by pixelization, following an order from the Independent Television Commission.[6][7] Channel 4 aired the film unedited in 2005 as part of the channel's "Banned" season exploring censorship and cinematic works. Viewer complaints prompted an Ofcom investigation,[8] which came out in favour of Channel 4.[3] In its ruling, Ofcom found the film "not in breach" of the relevant Code under the specific circumstances of the broadcast, that is "the serious contextualisation of the film within a season examining the censorship of film and television, its artistic purpose, the channel which transmitted it, the strong warnings before the film and prior to the scene in question and the scheduling after midnight."[9] Ofcom added the caveat that, "While we do not consider the film was in breach of the Code on this occasion, we must consider carefully the acceptability of any similar content on an individual basis."[9] The Idiots is an adult-only movie in Argentina, Australia (though it has been shown uncut on TV with an MA rating), Chile, New Zealand, Norway, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, the United States, and the UK. In Switzerland and the movie ran uncut with a 16-years rating in theaters, followed by a DVD release with the same rating and several uncut television airings. The Idiots was ranked #76 in Empire magazine's "The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema" in 2010.[10]

Accolades The film was shown in competition at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival. • Bodil Awards (1999) • Won: Best Actress, Bodil Jørgensen • Won: Best ing Actor, Nikolaj Lie Kaas • Won: Best ing Actress, Anne Louise Hassing • Nominated: Best Film • Cannes Film Festival (1998) • Nominated: Palme d'Or[11] • European Film Awards (1998) • Nominated: European Film Award, Best Screenwriter • London Film Festival (1998) • Won: FIPRESCI Prize, Lars von Trier[10] • Robert Festival (1999) • Won: Best Actress, Bodil Jørgensen • Valladolid International Film Festival (1998) • Nominated: Golden Spike, Lars von Trier

27

Dogme #2: The Idiots

References [1] Lasagna, Roberto; Lena, Sandra (32 May 2003). Lars von Trier (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=E9FYAibtRr4C& pg=PA122). Gremese Editore. p. 124. ISBN 9788873015437. . Retrieved 15 October 2010. [2] Trier, Lars von (1998) (in Danish). Idioterne: manuskript og dagbog. (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=6LznAAAAMAAJ). Gyldendal. ISBN 9788700342385. . Retrieved 15 October 2010. [3] Channel 4 avoids action on complaints about Idiots orgy (http:/ / www. brandrepublic. com/ news/ 476762/ channel-4-avoids-action-complaints-idiots-orgy/ ), Brand Republic 24 May 2005 [4] Kermode, Mark (Monday, 13 May 2002). "Why I hate Cannes" (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 1/ hi/ entertainment/ film/ 1985492. stm). BBC News. . Retrieved 2009-05-23. [5] Williams, Rhys (17 February 1999). "Group sex film ed by censor" (http:/ / www. independent. co. uk/ news/ group-sex-film-ed-by-censor-1071335. html). The Independent. . Retrieved 28 August 2010. [6] Explicit Art Film To Run On British Movie Channel (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0154421/ news?year=2000#ni0092723), Studio Briefing 27 April 2000 [7] Itc Orders Cuts To Filmfour's 'idiots' Airing (http:/ / www. allbusiness. com/ services/ motion-pictures/ 4825300-1. html), The Hollywood Reporter 28 April 2000 [8] Channel 4 faces investigation for breaking last sexual taboo on TV (http:/ / findarticles. com/ p/ articles/ mi_qn4159/ is_20050313/ ai_n12943799), Independent on Sunday 13 March 2005 [9] The Idiots; Channel 4, 7 March 2005, 00:05 (http:/ / www. ofcom. org. uk/ tv/ obb/ prog_cb/ pcb60/ bb_35. pdf), Ofcom broadcast bulletin 35 (pages 8-9), 23 May 2005 [10] "The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema: 76. The Idiots" (http:/ / www. empireonline. com/ features/ 100-greatest-world-cinema-films/ default. asp?film=76). Empire. . Retrieved 2011-01-02. [11] "Festival de Cannes: The Idiots" (http:/ / www. festival-cannes. com/ en/ archives/ ficheFilm/ id/ 4911/ year/ 1998. html). festival-cannes.com. . Retrieved 2009-09-30.

External links • • • •

The Idiots (http://www.allrovi.com/movies/movie/v162472) at AllRovi The Idiots (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0154421/) at the Internet Movie Database The Idiots (http://tcmdb.com/title/title.jsp?stid=443307) at the TCM Movie Database The Idiots (http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the-idiots/) at Rotten Tomatoes

28

Dogme #3: Mifune's Last Song

29

Dogme #3: Mifune's Last Song Mifune's Last Song Directed by

Søren Kragh-Jacobsen

Produced by

Birgitte Hald Morten Kaufmann

Written by

Søren Kragh-Jacobsen Anders Thomas Jensen

Music by

Thor Backhausen Karl Bille Christian Sievert

Cinematography Anthony Dod Mantle Editing by

Valdís Óskarsdóttir

Release date(s)

12 March 1999

Running time

98 minutes

Country

Denmark Sweden

Language

Danish

Mifune's Last Song (Danish: Mifunes sidste sang; in North America and Swedish: Mifune), 1999, is the third film to be made according to the "Dogme 95" group rules. It was directed by Søren Kragh-Jacobsen. The film was a great success in Denmark and an international blockbuster, ranked among the ten best-selling Danish films worldwide. It was produced by Nimbus Film. At the 49th Berlin International Film Festival, the film won the Silver Bear - Special Jury Prize and Iben Hjejle won an Honourable Mention.[1]

Plot Kresten has moved from his parents' farm on a small Danish island to Copenhagen to pursue his working career. When his father dies, he has to move back to the farm, where nothing much has happened since he left. He places an ad in the local newspaper to get help running the farm and taking care of his retarded brother. The prostitute Liva, who is running away from harassing telephone calls, takes the job. But running away from one's past isn't easy.

Cast • • • • • • • • • • •

Iben Hjejle Anders W. Berthelsen Jesper Asholt Anders Hove Sofie Gråbøl Paprika Steen Susanne Storm Ellen Hillingsø Sidse Babett Knudsen Søren Fauli Søren Malling

Dogme #3: Mifune's Last Song • • • • •

Kjeld Nørgaard Kirsten Vaupel Torben Jensen Klaus Bondam Sofie Stougaard

Confession The "confession" is an idea adapted by Thomas Vinterberg in the first Dogme 95 film: Make a confession if elements of the film do not comply with the strict interpretation of the Dogme-rules. It is written from the director's point of view. "As one of the DOGME 95 brethren and co-signatory of the Vow of Chastity I feel moved to confess to the following transgressions of the aforesaid Vow during the production of Dogme 3 - Mifune. Please note that the film has been approved as a Dogme work, as only one genuine breach of the rules has actually taken place. The rest may be regarded as moral breaches." • I confess to having made one take with a black drape covering a window. This is not only the addition of a property, but must also be regarded as a kind of lighting arrangement. • I confess to moving furniture and fittings around the house. • I confess to having taken with me a number of albums of my favourite comic book series as a youth, Linda & Valentin (Valérian and Laureline). • I confess to helping to chase the neighbour's free-range hens across our location and including them in the film. • I confess that I brought a photographic image from an old lady from the area and hung it in a prominent position in one scene: not as part of the plot, but more as a selfish, spontaneous, pleasureable whim. • I confess to borrowing a hydraulic platform from a painter, which we used for the only two bird's-eye overview shots in the film. • I do solemnly declare that in my presence the remainder of Dogme 3 - Mifune was produced in accordance with the vow of chastity. • I also point out that the film has been approved by DOGME 95 as a Dogme film, as in real no more than a single breach of the rules has been committed. The rest may be regarded as moral transgressions.

References [1] "Berlinale: 1999 Prize Winners" (http:/ / www. berlinale. de/ en/ archiv/ jahresarchive/ 1999/ 03_preistr_ger_1999/ 03_Preistraeger_1999. html). berlinale.de. . Retrieved 2012-01-31.

External links • Mifunes sidste sang (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0164756/) at the Internet Movie Database • Nimbus Film Official site (http://www.nimbusfilm.dk/)

30

Dogme #4: The King Is Alive

31

Dogme #4: The King Is Alive The King Is Alive Directed by

Kristian Levring

Produced by

Vibeke Windeløv

Written by

Kristian Levring Anders Thomas Jensen

Starring

Miles Anderson, Romane Bohringer, David Bradley, David Calder

Music by

Jan Juhler

Cinematography Jens Schlosser Editing by

Nicholas Wayman Harris

Distributed by

Nordisk Film Distribution A/S

Release date(s)

5 January, 2001

Running time

109 minutes

Country

Denmark

Language

English

The King Is Alive (2000) is the fourth film to be done according to the Dogme 95 rules. It is directed by Kristian Levring. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival.[1]

Synopsis A group of tourists are stranded in the Namibian desert when their bus loses its way and runs out of fuel. Canned food and dew keep the tourists alive, but they are helplessly entrapped, completely cut off from the rest of the world. As courage and moral fibre weaken and relationships grow shaky, Henry, a theatrical manager, persuades the group to put on Shakespeare's tragedy King Lear. As the tourists work their way through Henry's hand-written scripts, real life increasingly begins to resemble the play.

Cast • • • • • • • • • • • •

Miles Anderson - Jack Romane Bohringer - Catherine David Bradley - Henry David Calder - Charles Bruce Davison - Ray Brion James - Ashley Peter Khubeke - Kanana (as Peter Kubheka) Vusi Kunene - Moses Jennifer Jason Leigh - Gina Janet McTeer - Liz Chris Walker - Paul Lia Williams - Amanda

Dogme #4: The King Is Alive

References [1] "Festival de Cannes: The King Is Alive" (http:/ / www. festival-cannes. com/ en/ archives/ ficheFilm/ id/ 5134/ year/ 2000. html). festival-cannes.com. . Retrieved 2009-10-16.

External links • The King is Alive (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0208911/) at the Internet Movie Database

32

Dogme #6: Julien Donkey-Boy

33

Dogme #6: Julien Donkey-Boy Julien Donkey-Boy Theatrical release poster Directed by

Harmony Korine (Uncredited)

Produced by

Cary Woods Scott Macaulay Robin O'Hara

Written by

Harmony Korine (Uncredited)

Starring

Ewen Bremner Chloe Sevigny Werner Herzog Evan Neumann

Cinematography Anthony Dod Mantle Editing by

Valdís Óskarsdóttir

Studio

391 Productions Forensic Films Independent Pictures

Distributed by

Fine Line Features (US) Palisades Tartan (UK)

Release date(s)

September 7, 1999 Venice October 15, 1999

Running time

94 minutes

Country

United States

Language

English

Box office

$80,226

[1]

Julien Donkey-Boy is a 1999 independent drama film written and directed by Harmony Korine. The screenplay concentrates on the schizophrenic Julien, played by Scottish actor Ewen Bremner, and his dysfunctional family. The film also stars Chloe Sevigny as Julien's sister, Pearl, and Werner Herzog as his father. Julien Donkey-Boy is the sixth film to be made under the self-imposed rules of the "Dogme 95" manifesto, and the first non-European film to be made under the Dogme 95 "vow of chastity". The film premiered at the Venice Film Festival in September 1999, and received a limited release in Los Angeles at a single cinema on October 15, 1999; the film showed for a month's time at the Los Angeles theater, and grossed a total of $80,226 by that November.[2] It was, however, given a wide theatrical release in European countries the following year, particularly in and the Netherlands. Julien Donkey-Boy utilizes unusual cinematographic styles, including stop-motion photography, parallel cuts, and still photographs in order to tell its story. Additionally, it was filmed on MiniDV tape, transferred onto 16mm film, and finally blown-up on 35mm film, giving it an extremely grainy aesthetic. The film is often considered an example of contemporary avant garde cinema.[3]

Dogme #6: Julien Donkey-Boy

Plot The film is about a dysfunctional family consisting of Julien (Ewen Bremner), a young man with untreated schizophrenia, his sister (Chloë Sevigny) who is possibly carrying his child, his athletic brother (Evan Neuman), and his domineering, German father (Werner Herzog). While his father dances in his room to Dock Boggs records while wearing a gas mask, his brother continually works-out in the hopes of becoming a wrestler, Julien is often walking the streets, or talking to himself as "King Julien".

Cast • • • • • • • •

Ewen Bremner as Julien Chloë Sevigny as Pearl Werner Herzog as Father Evan Neumann as Chris Joyce Korine as Grandma Chrissy Kobylak as Chrissy Victor Varnado as Rapper Brian Fisk as Pond boy

• • • • •

Virginia Reath as Gynecologist Alvin Law as Card-playing neighbor Tom Mullica as Magician Ricky Ashley as Hassidic boy Carmela García as Nurse

Production It was the first American film made in accordance with the Danish filmmaking manifesto Dogme 95. Shot on MiniDV tape, the film was transferred to 16mm film before being blown up to 35mm film for the master print. Korine used this method to give the film a low-definition degraded look.

Dogme 95 Korine broke a few of the Dogme 95 rules in making the film. For example, Dogme 95 stipulates that all props must be found at the location of filming. Julien's dead baby is a prop found in the maternity unit of the hospital where the scene was shot; it was used by the nurses there to practice pre-natal R. Also, all the camerawork is supposed to be handheld, but this film uses hidden cameras, technically not handheld. There is also non-diegetic music (Oval's "Mediaton" from Systemisch in the ice-skating scene, same group's "Shop In Store" from 94 Diskont), although it sounds like it alternates between diegetic and non-diegetic use. And finally, the director must not be credited; Korine is credited (however, the film only gives his name — it does not say "directed by Harmony Korine", just "Harmony Korine"). Despite these transgressions, the original Dogme 95 committee endorsed Julien Donkey-Boy. In an interview on the Epidemic DVD, Lars Von Trier, Dogme 95 co-creator, lauded Korine's ability to interpret the rules creatively.

34

Dogme #6: Julien Donkey-Boy

Release and reception Following the film's release in Venice, it hit Los Angeles, playing at a single cinema from mid-October to early November 1999, grossing a total of $80,226 on a single screen. Critical reaction to the film was mixed, with much of it being negative. Empire Magazine said that "Despite some creditable performances, Korine's bizarre, shambling direction renders the result less ground-breakingly experimental than rectum-numbingly dull."[4] Edward Guthmann of the San Francisco Chronicle called the film "A self-indulgent mess."[5] Despite a sense of negative reaction to the film, it was praised by some critics. Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times gave the film a positive review, saying the film attained a "depth of comion and understanding ... [it] acquires a spiritual dimension that allows it ultimately to become an act of redemption".[6] Additional praise for the film came from Chicago Sun Times film critic Roger Ebert, who gave the film 3/4 stars, saying that "[The film] adds up to something, unlike a lot of movies where individual shots are sensational, but they add up to nothing"; Ebert did, however, note that the film had a very limited audience: "The odds are good that most people will dislike this film and be offended by it. For others, it will provoke sympathy rather than scorn. You know who you are".[7]

References [1] Julien Donkey-Boy (1999) - Box office / business (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0192194/ business) [2] "Box office/Business for Julien Donkey-Boy" (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0192194/ ). Internet Movie Database. . Retrieved 9 October 2009. [3] Grealy, Fergus. "Harmony Korine" (http:/ / archive. sensesofcinema. com/ contents/ directors/ 03/ korine. html). Senses of Cinema. . Retrieved 22 July 2010. [4] "Review: Julien Donkey-Boy" (http:/ / www. empireonline. com/ reviews/ ReviewComplete. asp?FID=6259). Empire Magazine. . Retrieved 10 October 2009. [5] Guthmann, Edward (29 October 1999). "Low-Tech 'Julien' is an Ugly Mess- Korine throws aesthetics out the window" (http:/ / www. sfgate. com/ cgi-bin/ article. cgi?f=/ c/ a/ 1999/ 10/ 29/ DD58690. DTL). San Francisco Chronicle. . Retrieved 9 October 2009. [6] Thomas, Kevin (15 October 1999). "L.A. Times Review: Julien Donkey-Boy" (http:/ / www. calendarlive. com/ movies/ reviews/ cl-movie991014-10,0,831085. story). Los Angeles Times. . Retrieved 10 October 2009. [7] Ebert, Roger (5 November 1999). "Julien Donkey-Boy Review" (http:/ / rogerebert. suntimes. com/ apps/ pbcs. dll/ article?AID=/ 19991105/ REVIEWS/ 911050303/ 1023). Chicago Sun-Times. . Retrieved 9 October 2009.

External links • • • • • •

Julien Donkey-Boy (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0192194/) at the Internet Movie Database Julien Donkey-Boy (http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/julien_donkeyboy/) at Rotten Tomatoes Julien Donkey-Boy @ Harmony-Korine.com (http://www.harmony-korine.com/paper/index/i_julien.html) Julien Donkey-Boy trailer (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yXGhyRZnVQ) The Name of this Film is Dogme 95 (http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=3142341747164689673) The Making of Julien Donkey-Boy (http://www.vimeo.com/7380924)

35

Dogme #8: Fuckland

36

Dogme #8: Fuckland Fuckland Screenshot of Fabián Stratas Directed by

José Luis Márques

Produced by

Executive Producer: Diego Dubcovsky Producers: Edi Flehner Mariano Suez

Written by

José Luis Márques

Starring

Fabián Stratas Camilla Heaney

Music by

Sergio Figueroa

Cinematography Alejandro Hartman José Luis Marquès Guillermo Naistat Fabián Stratas Editing by

Pipo Bonamino

Release date(s)

September 21, 2000

Running time

87 minutes

Country

Argentina

Language

Spanish English

Fuckland (2000) is an Argentine comedy-drama film. It was written and directed by José Luis Márques. The picture was executive produced by Diego Dubcovsky, and produced by Edi Flehner and Mariano Suez.[1] The film was shot on digital video and is the first Latin American film to follow the avant garde Dogme 95 movement minimalist guidelines.

Plot The film takes place decades after the Falklands War between Argentina and the United Kingdom for the control of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic Ocean. The film tells of Fabián Stratas, a magician and stand-up comedian from Buenos Aires, who saves his money from weddings, birthdays, and bar mitzvahs, and uses a hidden camera to document a week-long trip to the Falkland Islands, (or "Fuckland", as he calls them), where he has an ingenious Argentine patriotic plan: to impregnate a Falklander woman. Stratas has a theory: if only 500 Argentines did the same each year, the islands would soon be overrun with half-Argentines, and he would be the head of a "sexual invasion." Brilliant idea, he thinks. He spends his first couple of days on the island doing reconnaissance, and soon sets his eyes on Camila Heaney, whom he first saw in church. He chats her up at an Internet café and then they go out for drinks, which is followed by dinner. They also take a field trip to see the King penguins and the 1982 battlefield.

Dogme #8: Fuckland Fabian has initial success, getting to have sex with Camila twice, first in his hotel room and then on the beach. He succeeds and manages to impregnate her before leaving for Buenos Aires, cocky and happy for having achieved his goal and duped his lover. However, Heaney gets the last word, making a videotape on Fabian's camera where she denounces him as the shallow, condescending and self-centered Argentine he is. After this, the camera shows Stratas, unfazed by Camila's anger, taking a shower while singing the Charly García cover of the Argentine National Anthem.

Background The picture was recorded illegally in the Falkland Islands in 1999, and was made without the permission of the local government. The film features only seven professional actors. They improvised their scenes with local residents, who were not made aware that they were taking part in the production of a feature film. Actress Camilla Heaney was not told of Stratas' motivations for their romance before their scenes were shot.[2] The picture did break a few of the Dogme 95 guidelines: the use of digital video format, as opposed to Academy 35mm format, the use of music and the directorial credit given to José Luis Marques. Filming locations The film was filmed on location in Stanley, Falkland Islands.

Cast • Fabián Stratas • Camilla Heaney

Distribution The producers used the following taglines to market the film:[3] A clandestine movie. Una película clandestina (Spanish). The film opened wide in Argentina on September 21, 2000. The film was presented at various film festivals, including: the London Film Festival, London, England; the Jeonju Film Festival, South Korea; the Melbourne International Film Festival, Australia; the Flanders International Film Festival, Belgium; and the Sundance Film Festival, Utah in 2001.

Critical reception The film was hit hard by critics. While some called it subversive and libelous, others like critic Christopher Null thought it boring. He wrote, "While a few of our hero's 'smooth moves' are mildly entertaining, most of the film is filled with the monotony of his daily rituals. He does a few magic tricks, gets a haircut, brushes his teeth, takes a piss. Some of this is in focus. Fuckland indeed."[4] The Village Voice's Amy Taubin thought the film was not noteworthy on any level, writing, "Fuckland is less interesting for its adherence to the Dogme rules than as a failed attempt at director José Luis Márques's project of 'Real Fiction Filmmaking'...Unfortunately, the fictional premise of Fuckland is so absurd, it doomed the enterprise from the start."[5]

37

Dogme #8: Fuckland

References [1] [2] [3] [4]

Fuckland (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0270957/ ) at the Internet Movie Database Deming, Mark (http:/ / movies2. nytimes. com/ gst/ movies/ movie. html?v_id=232894). Allmovie, via the New York Times. Fuckland (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0270957/ ) at the Internet Movie Database Null, Christopher (http:/ / filmcritic. com/ misc/ emporium. nsf/ 2a460f93626cd4678625624c007f2b46/ 84d9531efd2dc76188256b5a001e5cff?OpenDocument). FilmCritic, 2002. [5] Taubin, Amy (http:/ / www. villagevoice. com/ film/ 0117,taubin,24122,20. html). The Village Voice, "Argentina’s Criminal Lovers," April 23, 2001.

External links • Fuckland (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0270957/) at the Internet Movie Database • Fuckland (http://www.cinenacional.com/peliculas/index.php?pelicula=2273) at cinenacional.com (Spanish) • Fuckland (http://www.cineismo.com/criticas/fuckland.htm) review at Cineismo by Guillermo Ravaschino (Spanish)

• Fuckland (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C497V1R0ml8) film clip at You Tube

38

Dogme #12: Italian for Beginners

39

Dogme #12: Italian for Beginners Italian for Beginners DVD cover Directed by

Lone Scherfig

Produced by

Karen Bentzon Gert Duve Skovlund Peter Aalbæk Jensen

Written by

Lone Scherfig Maeve Binchy

Starring

Anders W. Berthelsen Anette Støvelbæk Ann Eleonora Jørgensen

Music by

Niels W. Gade (Non-original)

Cinematography Jørgen Johansson Editing by

Gerd Tjur

Release date(s)

8 December 2000

Running time

118 minutes

Country

Denmark Sweden

Language

Danish Italian English

Italian for Beginners (Danish: Italiensk for begyndere) is a 2000 Danish romantic comedy film written and directed by Lone Scherfig. The film stars Anders W. Berthelsen, Lars Kaalund and Peter Gantzler. The film was made by the austere principles of the Dogme 95 movement, including the use of hand held video cameras and natural lighting, and is known as Dogme XII. However, in contrast to most Dogme films which are harsh and serious in tone, Italian for Beginners is a light-hearted comedy. Made on a low budget of $600,000, the film ranks as the most profitable Scandinavian film in history.[1] In May 2010, it was officially revealed that writer-director Scherfig "borrowed" her plot from the Irish novel Evening Class by Maeve Binchy. Zentropa has agreed to pay a non-disclosed compensation to Binchy.[2]

Plot summary Three women and three men, all singles, with stressful or unhappy lives, for an Italian course in a Danish village. The class serves as a way of bringing these various residents of the town, each of whom is dealing with loss or pain, out of their loneliness and into interactions with other people. When the teacher suffers a heart attack during class and ends up dying, the six classmates hold the class anyway and eventually take a vacation to Italy.

Cast • Anders W. Berthelsen as Andreas • Anette Støvelbæk as Olympia • Ann Eleonora Jørgensen as Karen

Dogme #12: Italian for Beginners • • • • • • • • • •

Peter Gantzler as Jørgen Mortensen Lars Kaalund as Hal-Finn Sara Indrio Jensen as Giulia Karen-Lise Mynster as Kirsten, the real estate dealer Rikke Wölck as Lise, the nurse Elsebeth Steentoft as Kirketjener Bent Mejding as Reverend Wredmann Lene Tiemroth as Karen's Mother Claus Gerving as Klaus Graversen Jesper Christensen as Olympia's Father

Accolades The film won the Jury Grand Prix Silver Bear at the Berlin Film Festival, the Golden Spike Award for the best film of the year at the Seminci film festival in Valladolid, Spain, and the Audience Award at the Warsaw International Film Festival in Poland. Peter Gantzler won the award for Best Actor at the Seminci festival. The film also won the Gold Dolphin (Best Film) at the Festroia International Film Festival in 2001. It currently holds an 88% certified "Fresh" rating at Rotten Tomatoes.

References [1] Wise, Damon, No Dane, No Gain (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ film/ 2003/ oct/ 12/ features. magazine), The Observer, October 12, 2003 [2] http:/ / politiken. dk/ kultur/ film/ article973436. ece Politiken May 17, 2010: Dansk succesfilm var kopi af irsk bog

Literature • Mette Hjort, Lone Scherfig's Italian for Beginners, Museum Tusculanum Press, 2010. ISBN 978-87-635-3483-3.

External links • FILM FESTIVAL REVIEW; "Finding the Right Spark for a Guy With a Problem" (http://movies2.nytimes. com/mem/movies/review.html?res=9C06E4DD123DF931A35753C1A9679C8B63) New York Times October 2, 2001 • Italian for Beginners (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0243862/) at the Internet Movie Database

40

Dogme #14: Joy Ride

41

Dogme #14: Joy Ride Joy Ride Directed by

Martin Rengell

Produced by

Claudia Wick

Written by

Martin Rengell

Starring

Andri Zehnder Sebastian Hölz Edward Piccin Stephan Krauer Claudia Knabenhans

Cinematography Marco Barberi Editing by

Bernhard Lehner

Studio

Abrakadabra Films Schweizer Fernsehen Teleclub AG Annazarah Films

Distributed by

Frenetic Films

Release date(s)

16 November 2000

Running time

90 minutes

Country

Switzerland

Language

Swiss German

Joy Ride (in Swiss German: Usfahrt[1]) is a 2001 Swiss drama film written and directed by Martin Rengel that followed Lars von Trier's Dogme 95 manifesto. It is classified as the 14th dogme movie.[2] Joy Ride employs a very realistic, near-documentary style, with a story based on the homicide of a 19-year-old girl in Zürich, Switzerland in 1992.[3][4][5] The incident attracted a great deal of media coverage in Switzerland.

Background The magazine Beobachter reported on the incident which gave rise to the "Joy Ride" story. According to the report, the clique no longer tolerated the murdered girl and they had assaulted her by singeing her hair and bending her fingers back. On March 14, 1992, the male of the clique, who had spent the afternoon smoking marijuana, decided "heute Abend iert es. Andrea muss weg." ('Tonight it happens/has to happen. Andrea must leave.') Patrick and Thomas were allegedly the dominant force in the discussion; Roman, who drove the car for the commission of the crime, claims to have been unconvinced that her transgression warranted murder. Roman, a compulsive gambler and alcoholic at odds with his parents, was an old friend of Thomas but their association had recently terminated. Three weeks before the murder, Roman met Thomas again and the pressure to regain his approval clearly contributed to his decision to assist in the murder. As the clique drove back from an evening at a local pub, Patrick took his belt off and tied it around Andrea's neck. She managed to shake him off, but Thomas ordered Roman to turn off the main road and they assaulted her again. Roman stopped the car and urged the other men to stop; they hesitated, but as another car full of potential witnesses ed them Thomas decided that they could not leave her alive. Roman stopped the car at the parking lot of restaurant Girenbad.

Dogme #14: Joy Ride The police report stated that Roman now placed his hand on Andrea's belly and shouted "Die ist ja tot!" ('She really is dead!'). Roman wanted to drive the car over a slope to kill himself and the others, but Thomas succeeded in calming him a bit, and the three drove on to dispose of the corpse by a nearby creek. They removed some of her clothing in attempt to imply rape as the motive for the crime. They then drove to Thomas' home, spent the night together and bragged about the incident to a friend. On Sunday they decided that the corpse should be moved to somewhere more secure. They returned to the creek to pick up Andrea's body and drove aimlessly towards Kyburg with the corpse in the car's trunk. Eventually they tossed her body into a hidden gully. However, on Monday, workers on the road stumbled across her body and the perpetrators of the murder were arrested. All eventually confessed to their part in the crime. The 20-year-old Roman was sentenced to 30 months in an Arbeitserziehungsanstalt (work education institute). Thomas (21), received a sentence of 14 years of jail, Patrick (23) 16 years. The parents and brother of the victim were awarded 300,000 Swiss francs in compensation to be paid by the three perpetrators.

Style Amateur actors play nearly all of the principal roles and a good majority of the filming locations are original sites, as the Dogme style demands. Joy Ride violates some of the rules of Dogme, but it is not unusual for productions employing its principles to fail to adhere strictly to one or two of the stringent rules. One clear transgression is the importing of a soundtrack onto the final cut, violating the rule whereby all sound must be naturally recorded.[3][5]

Storyline A clique of young people spend their time driving around the city, drinking in trendy nightspots and smoking ts. An outsider, Sandra (Claudia Knabenhans), who takes up with the clique, falls in love with one of its , Daniel (Andri Zehnder). Their relationship remains diffuse and directionless, provoking tension and threatening to cause a schism within the group.[4]

Partial cast • • • • • • • • •

Andri Zehnder as Daniel Sebastian Hölz as Andi Claudia Knabenhans as Sandra Stephan Krauer as Max Edward Piccin as Bruno Charlotte Schwab as Sandra's mother Jaap Achterberg as Sandra's father Elisabeth Niederer as Daniel's mother André Jung as Daniel's stepfather

42

Dogme #14: Joy Ride

References [1] "Joy Ride (2000)" (http:/ / www. crew-united. com/ index. asp?show=projectdata& ID=47052) (in German). crew united: Das Netzwerk der Film- und Fernsehbranche. Munich: crew united. . Retrieved 2009-12-17. "Arbeitstitel: Usfahrt Fremdsprachiger Titel: Joy Ride" [2] "Dogme 95" (http:/ / www. filmbug. com/ dictionary/ dogme95. php). Filmbug. . Retrieved 15 December 2009. [3] Gubser, Stefan. "Die Tat ist ohn' warum" (http:/ / www. cineman. ch/ movie/ 2000/ JoyRideDogma14/ review. html) (in German). . Retrieved 15 December 2009. [4] "Joy Ride – Dogma #14" (http:/ / www. swissfilms. ch/ detail_f. asp?PNr=-877537582). Swiss Films. . Retrieved 15 December 2009. [5] Bayon (4 October 2002). "Une virée en enfer" (http:/ / www. liberation. fr/ cinema/ 0101409188-une-viree-en-enfer) (in French). Liberation. . Retrieved 15 December 2009.

External links • Joy Ride (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0275812/) at the Internet Movie Database

43

Dogme #17: Reunion

44

Dogme #17: Reunion Reunion Directed by

Leif Tilden Mark Poppi

Produced by

Kimberly Shane O'Hara Eric M. Klein

Written by

Kimberly Shane O'Hara Eric M. Klein

Starring

Billy Wirth Jennifer Rubin Corey Glover

Distributed by FilmMates Entertainment Release date(s) 2001 Running time

94 minutes

Country

United States

Language

English

Reunion (2001), also known as American Reunion, is an American feature film directed by Leif Tilden and Mark Poppi using the filmmaking techniques of Dogme 95 style. It stars Billy Wirth and Jennifer Rubin in a bittersweet tale about 6 former classmates gathering 24 hours before their 20th high school reunion. Reunion is listed as the 17th film to conform to the minimalist tenets of the Danish avant-garde school of Dogme.

Selected Cast • • • • • • • • • • • •

Billy Wirth ... Brad Jennifer Rubin ... Jeanie Corey Glover ... Ty Marlene Forte ... Margaret Rainer Judd ... Mindy Dwier Brown ... Patrick Andres Faucher ... J.C. Steven Gilborn ... George Georgia Simon ... Georgina Rod Britt ... Mr. Andretti Dan Gunther ... Kile Michael James Johnson ... Michael

Dogme #17: Reunion

External links • IMDb [1] • Dogme 95 website list [2]

References [1] http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0220005/ [2] http:/ / www. dogme95. dk/ dogme-films/ filmlist. asp

45

Dogme #21: Kira's Reason: A Love Story

46

Dogme #21: Kira's Reason: A Love Story Kira's reason - a love story Front cover of the DVD Directed by

Ole Christian Madsen

Produced by

Bo Ehrhardt Morten Kaufmann

Written by

Ole Christian Madsen Mogens Rukov

Starring

Stine Stengade Lars Mikkelsen Camilla Bendix

Music by

Øyvind Ougard Cesar Berti

Cinematography Jørgen Johanssen Editing by

Søren B. Ebbe

Distributed by

Nimbus Film

Release date(s)

October 26, 2001

Running time

93 min.

Country

Denmark

Language

Danish

Kira's Reason - A Love Story (Danish: En Kærlighedshistorie) is a 2001 Danish drama directed by Ole Christian Madsen and written by Madsen and Mogens Rukov. The film stars Stine Stengade in a character study of a young mother who, released after two years a psychiatric ward, struggles to hold her marriage, family and life intact. Filmed using the minimalist techniques of the Dogme 95 movement, Kira's Reason is also known as Dogme #21. Kira's Reason won both the Bodil and Robert Awards as the Best Danish Film of 2001. For her leading performance, Stengade received the Bodil and Robert awards for Best Actress.

Cast Actor

Role

Stine Stengade

Kira

Lars Mikkelsen

Mads

Sven Wollter

Kira's Father

Peaches Latrice Petersen Kay Camilla Bendix

Charlotte

Lotte Bergstrøm

Michelle

Thomas W. Gabrielsson Gustav Ronnie Lorenzen

Mikkel (as Ronnie Hiort Lorenzen)

Oliver Appelt Nielsen

Julius

Klaus Pagh

Mads' Boss

Dogme #21: Kira's Reason: A Love Story

47

Claus Strandberg

1st Supplier

Henrik Birch

2nd Supplier

Michael Hasselflug

3rd Supplier

Helle Merete Sørensen

Wife of 1st Supplier

Nicolas Bro

John

External links • En Kærlighedshistorie [1] at IMDb • En Kærlighedshistorie [2] at Den Danske Film Database • En Kærlighedshistorie [3] at Det Danske Filminstitut (in Danish) • Kira's reason - a love story [4] at AllRovi

References [1] [2] [3] [4]

http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0285280/ http:/ / www. danskefilm. dk/ film/ 703. html http:/ / dnfx. dfi. dk/ pls/ dnf/ pwt. page_setup?p_pagename=dnffuldvis& p_parmlist=filmid=32248 http:/ / www. allrovi. com/ movies/ movie/ v274881

Dogme #23: Resin Resin is a 2001 film and the 23rd film produced under the and conditions of the Danish film collaborative, Dogme 95. Directed by American film director, Steven Sobel, under the alias Vladamir Gyorski, Resin won the Audience Award at its World Premiere at the Chicago Underground Film Festival on August 21, 2001. The film went on to win several best in festival awards, as well as the Digital Vanguard Award in Park City and the Special Prize at the Seoul Net festival in Korea. The film has been difficult to find, however, due to a number of rights issues related to the soundtrack, which often featured well known artists in the background of scenes due to Dogme rule #2 stating that all sound must be recorded at the location where the action takes place.

Synopsis The film is a scathing indictment of California's infamous Three-strikes law. It follows a vagabond named Zeke, who is a low-level marijuana dealer in Isla Vista, the college town bordering the University of California at Santa Barbara. Zeke takes a bad felony plea deal at the opening of the film, in part due to a poor public defender's advice. This comes back to haunt him later in the movie when he is wrongfully accused of assaulting some frat kids, when they jump him and he is forced to defend himself. When he is arrested soon after as part of an undercover ongoing narcotics sting, he comes face-to-face with a mandatory 25 to life sentence.

Dogme #23: Resin

External links • • • • • •

http://uffilmanalysisfour.pbworks.com/List-of-Dogme-Films http://www.answers.com/topic/resin-film http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0304628/ http://www.film.com/movies/resin/14704630 http://www.sfweekly.com/2001-12-12/film/reel-world/ http://www.dailynexus.com/article.php?a=1918

48

Dogme #28: Open Hearts

49

Dogme #28: Open Hearts Open Hearts Danish MoviePoster Directed by

Susanne Bier

Produced by

Vibeke Windelov Peter Aalbæk Jensen

Written by

Anders Thomas Jensen

Starring

Mads Mikkelsen Nikolaj Lie Kaas

Music by

Jesper Winge Leisner

Cinematography Morten Søborg Editing by

Pernille Bech Christensen

Distributed by

Nordisk Film

Release date(s)

2002

Running time

113 minutes

Country

Denmark

Language

Danish

Open Hearts (Danish: Elsker dig for evigt), is a 2002 Danish drama film directed by Susanne Bier using the minimalist filmmaking techniques of the Dogme 95 manifest. It stars Mads Mikkelsen, Nikolaj Lie Kaas, Sonja Richter and Paprika Steen. Also referred to as Dogme #28, Open Hearts relates the story of two couples whose lives are traumatized by a tragic car accident and adultery. Joachim, a young man, is disabled and hospitalized indefinitely by a car accident after being hit by Marie. Marie's husband Niels is a doctor at the hospital, and he falls for Joachim's fiancee Cecilie, and they have an affair. Niels then leaves his wife, teenage daughter and two young boys for Cecilie, who abandons Joachim.[1] Open Hearts received a 96% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes movie review website with a 93% approval rating from the top critics.[2] Susanne Bier received the International Critics Award at the 2002 Toronto International Film Festival "for the fact that it proves that dogma has come of age and matured into a potent cinematic language that skillfully captures the freeing of real emotions that extreme trauma creates within the lives of the characters in her film."[3] The film won both the Bodil and Robert awards for Best Danish Film in 2003.

Cast • • • • • • • • • •

Sonja Richter as Cecilie Nikolaj Lie Kaas as Joachim Mads Mikkelsen as Niels Paprika Steen as Marie Stine Bjerregaard as Stine Birthe Neumann as Hanne Niels Olsen as Finn Ulf Pilgaard as Thomsen Ronnie Hiort Lorenzen as Gustav Pelle Bang Sørensen as Emil

Dogme #28: Open Hearts • • • • • • • • • •

Anders Nyborg as Robert Ida Dwinger as Sanne Philip Zandén as Tommy Michel Castenholt as Salesperson in Ilva Birgitte Prins as Doctor Susanne Juhasz as Cashier Hans Henrik Clemensen as Cook Jens Basse Dam as Waiter Hanne Windfeld as Nurse 1 Tina Gylling Mortensen as Nurse 2

Soundtrack The soundtrack songs were recorded by Anggun and released by Sony Music in 2002. The soundtrack album contained nine songs with hit single "Open Your Heart".

Remake Open Hearts is an film written, directed by and starring Zach Braff. It will be the second film Braff will direct, after his successful 2004 film Garden State. It was first revealed that Zach Braff was planning to remake Open Hearts in 2006[4], at the same time Braff's film The Last Kiss was being released. The film will be produced by Paramount Pictures. On his blog, Zach Braff announced that directing the film had been delayed due to his show Scrubs being renewed.[5]. The production of the film has been put in limbo several times due to Braff returning to film the seventh and eighth seasons of Scrubs, and in 2006 it was revealed that Braff had put the project on hold for a year after difficulties surrounding casting. The picture was to be filmed in New Jersey, Braff's home state and location of Garden State, in the summer of 2006[4]. This date has been changed but the location is to remain the same.

References [1] "Elsker dig for evigt" (http:/ / dnfx. dfi. dk/ pls/ dnf/ pwt. page_setup?p_pagename=dnffuldvis& p_parmlist=filmid=33508). Det Danske Filminstitut. . Retrieved 2008-05-25. [2] "Open Hearts" (http:/ / www. rottentomatoes. com/ m/ open_hearts/ ). Rotten Tomatoes.com. . Retrieved 2008-05-25. [3] "Awards for Elsker dig for evigt (2002)" (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0315543/ awards). IMDb. . Retrieved 2008-05-25. [4] http:/ / movies. about. com/ od/ moviesinproduction/ a/ openheart031406. htm [5] http:/ / www. zachbraff. com/

External links • Open Hearts at the Internet Movie Database (http://imdb.com/title/tt0315543/) • Det Danske Filminstitut (http://dnfx.dfi.dk/pls/dnf/pwt.page_setup?p_pagename=dnffuldvis& p_parmlist=filmid=33508) • Den Danske Fim Database (http://www.danskefilm.dk/film/1060.html) • Open Hearts, a brief encounter (http://filmsofsusannebier.wordpress.com/page-9/)

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Article Sources and Contributors

Article Sources and Contributors Dogme 95  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=481027615  Contributors: A provocateur, Adam Conover, Ajshm, Ajstern, Alan Liefting, AndrewHowse, Andunemir, Arclightfire, Arturobandini, Beyond good and evil, Bitoffish, Boleslaw, BrendonJS, Briséis, Browserbutton, BullRangifer, C3o, CactusWriter, Capitalg, Chachilongbow, Charles Matthews, Closedmouth, Conversion script, Coolville, Cordless Larry, CowboyBear, Croncho, DeLarge, Der Golem, Dr.alf, Drewcifer3000, DriveMySol, Drming23, Duncancumming, Dustimagic, Dwoodwoo, Econrad, Edratzer, Egern, Eitch, ElTchanggo, ElizaBarrington, Ellsworth, EmilJ, Emuzesto, Everyme, Fallout boy, FellinisEgo, Filmaker, Fuhghettaboutit, Fuzzy510, Geniac, Gogo Dodo, Goingtoalaska, Grafen, Graham87, Granddukesfinances, Grstain, Harac, Hashar, Havelock, Headbomb, Hephaestos, Ifeellikeimtakingcrazypills, Ignorance is strength, J04n, JCraw, JPX7, JRSiebz, Jahsonic, Jamie C, Jgm, JonasRH, JorgeGG, João Neves, Jun-Dai, Justin Foote, Justinblott, Kelapstick, Kinu, Kneague, Kwi, Le Fou, Leviathan09, LiDaobing, Loui Da Boss, Lugnuts, Maccoinnich, Mackensen, Mad Donkey Boy!, Magnuskoch, Maitch, Manuel Anastácio, Marcika, Martyn Smith, Melursus ursinus, Miguel, Minutae, Mistersargent, Misterwindupbird, Mkill, Mr. Stradivarius, MrDarcy, Newkai, Nimbusfilm, NuclearWarfare, Nukles1, PC78, Panzer V Panther, Parkwells, Paul Drye, Pepve, Pit, Psychonaut, Quercus basaseachicensis, Quiensabe, R Lowry, R'n'B, Ramblersen, RegGoodwin, RepublicanJacobite, Rich Farmbrough, Richmartini, RobertG, RockMFR, SMasters, Saddhiyama, Salasks, Saltzman1959, Seidenstud, ShadowyCaballero, Shaka, Sluzzelin, Steeev, Stevenem, Str1977, SupaCoopa, Syp, Szopen, Tarquin, Tchoutoye, Termer, Thanatopoeia, Timwi, Tone, TraxPlayer, Twthmoses, Tyrenius, Underwaterbuffalo, Veledan, Velho, Vnomad, WOSlinker, Wafry, Warrior4321, Wickethewok, Wwwmmm, Wwwwolf, Xadai, Yuiul, Yurik, ZimZalaBim, 235 anonymous edits Lars von Trier  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=482229704  Contributors: 16@r, 6afraidof7, A520, Aaron Brenneman, Abacathoo, AdRock, Aeusoes1, Alis9, All Hallow's Wraith, Alphonse Doinel Miñaur, Amoammo, Andreas S., Andres, Angrypilot, Anniecatz, Arbero, Artsite, Ashmoo, Asparagus, Attilios, B3t, BCST2001, Ben-Zin, Bender235, Bovineboy2008, Bped1985, Brian Tjoe-Nij, Brz7, Byrial, C mon, CactusWriter, Calamitybrook, Cambalachero, CameronCollie, CasperEACClemence, Cassan, Chasethesky, Chowbok, Cinegeek, Circeus, Ckatz, Cockneyscum, Contributor777, Conversion script, Cop 663, D6, DBrane, DWLaCosse, DaL33T, DaeX, Daniel.finnan, DavidBrooks, Davideve, Demiurge, Depor23, Deror avi, Diupwijk, Dmlandfair, Docu, Doradus, Dp67, Dppowell, Drmies, ERJANIK, EivindF, Elmondo21st, Emuka, Epiceditor, EqualRights, Erik, Etaon, Fadookie, Fallout boy, Favonian, Fayenatic london, Feudonym, Ff22, Finduilas 09, Fixentries, Fnordware, Frecklefoot, Fred Bradstadt, Fuzzysun, Gabbe, Gaius Cornelius, GarethMc, Georg Tiefenbach, Ghostwords, Gika, Good Olfactory, Grashazk, Grosscha, Grunge6910, Gwythoff, Hamaryns, Hans Adler, Hans Dunkelberg, Happyxmas, Haroldpenn, Hektor, Hemmingsen, Homagetocatalonia, Hu Totya, Hypermagic, Iamrockyroad, Iawas, IceCreamEmpress, Imervard, Irishguy, JHunterJ, Jab843, Jack Merridew, Jackhynes, Jackjermey, Jackollie, Jahangard, Jahlove1234, Jainituos, Jan Slimkop, Japanese Searobin, Jauhienij, Jayelg, Jean-Jacques Georges, Jeltz, Jensus, Jim Michael, JimboB, Jimthing, John Finnan, John254, JonasRH, Jonik, Jonkerz, Jpatokal, JustAGal, Jyril, Keithfrancis, Kinders, Klltr, Koavf, KoyaanisQatsi, L Kensington, LaVieEstBelle75, Lauracerffer, Leithp, Lemmycaution12, Liihaas, Lilac Soul, Lontano, Lostfreight, Lugnuts, Lurulu, Maitch, Male1979, Mappase, MarB4, Martarius, Mathew5000, McGeddon, Meewam, Mgiganteus1, Mhym, Mike Rosoft, Mild Bill Hiccup, Minna Sora no Shita, Minutae, Misterwindupbird, Moontripper, Moviegal226, Mr Fist, Mr. Stradivarius, Mschlindwein, Mtevfrog, Mw66, MykReeve, Myrmidon3, NikhilSah, Nikosgreencookie, Noooneh, NuclearFunk, Nvek, Nyikita, Nymf, OISC 89, ONEder Boy, Olivier, Ort Hodox, Peter S., Philip Cross, Philthecow, Pontus, Profoss, Quest09, R Lowry, R sirahata, Radlab252, Redrawing, RekishiEJ, Rich Farmbrough, Rkarlsba, RobertHeadley, RockStevenson, Ronz, Rosenkohl, Saddhiyama, Sandertams, Sangak, Schwa dk, ShadowyCaballero, Siouxfire, Sir Paul, Slawojarek, Sm18, Smearedlipstick, Smetanahue, Soren84, Spacejam2, Staecker, Steve, Stormie, Sunao shimomura, Tbowler, Teiladnam, Tesseran, The wub, Thelle, Theneokid, Thorwald, Thumperward, Tkreuz, Trigor, TripleF, TrojanHorse00, Twthmoses, Ugur Basak, Urbandweller, VMS Mosaic, Victoria Livingston, Viriditas, ViruValge, Voila-pourquoi, Wafry, Wakuran, Wetdogmeat, Wfaxon, Whywhenwhohow, Wildhartlivie, WillieBHines, Woohookitty, Xenicon, Xiibaro, Xyzzyva, Yourfriend1, Zombie433, Zuzana,krivkova, Zxmaster, Σ, Ὁ οἶστρος, 335 anonymous edits Thomas Vinterberg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=451833044  Contributors: Aphasia83, Arch stanton1138, Asparagus, Azucar, BRain524, Ben-Zin, CactusWriter, Christian List, Conversion script, D6, Dogah, Egern, EmilJ, HCamre, Huangdi, Ktaverner, Larsiversen, Lensi, Lugnuts, Magnuskoch, Maitch, MarB4, Mark Richards, Martarius, Maurreen, Mikkel, Nixdorf, Nother, Okki, Omnipaedista, PC78, Pelex, SVTCobra, Schizodelight, Schmiteye, Shadowjams, Spacejam2, The Wrong Man, Twthmoses, А, 23 anonymous edits Kristian Levring  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=461886680  Contributors: Anna Frodesiak, Bryan Derksen, Cayla, D6, Leandros, Leolaursen, Lugnuts, Poco a poco, Poulsen, Power.corrupts, Remuel, Spacejam2, Staticshakedown, Terpsfan, Tkynerd, Twthmoses, Waacstats, [email protected], 2 anonymous edits Søren Kragh-Jacobsen  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=474087782  Contributors: Bender235, Ctachme, D6, Gaius Cornelius, Isaac Sanolnacov, Ixfd64, Japanese Searobin, Kaare, Koavf, Lugnuts, Mkill, Onkelgusse, Parkwells, Sangak, Spacejam2, TheLeopard, Twthmoses, 16 anonymous edits Dogme #1: The Celebration  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=482195651  Contributors: After Midnight, AnOrdinaryBoy, Andrzejbanas, Aristophanes68, Azucar, Bbb23, Bearcat, Belovedfreak, Big Bird, Biot, Boombaard, Bovineboy2008, Brendan62442, CactusWriter, Captain Crawdad, Cheyennigans, Chowbok, Cop 663, DMiller76, DancingPhilosopher, Dovestones, Dutchmonkey9000, Easchiff, Echidnaboy, Edratzer, Fatal exception, Gabbe, Gonzalo84, Hede2000, Imaginaryoctopus, Iridescent, Ironman1104, JIP, Jackhynes, JanSuchy, Junes, JzG, Kollision, Kusma, Law Lord, Lordrsb, Lugnuts, Magnuskoch, Maitch, MarB4, Mccojr02, Miss Saff, Misterwindupbird, Nick Finnsbury, Nimbusfilm, NorthernThunder, NuclearFunk, Paddyslacker, Parkwells, Paul Erik, Pcap, PseudoIntellectual, Quirk, RYNORT, RegGoodwin, Richardbates2002, Room429, SVTCobra, Saddhiyama, Sandhillcrane, SarahStierch, Sdalmonte, Skomorokh, SloContributorSince2005, Statolith, The Singing Badger, TheFarix, TheLeopard, Thepatriots, Thf1977, Timwi, Tinot, Tony Sandel, Triwbe, Troelslinde, Twthmoses, Urban XII, Valermos, Việt Chi, VonWolfsheild, Wagner Texas Ranger, Wool Mintons, Wordshark, Xezbeth, 68 anonymous edits Dogme #2: The Idiots  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=477489445  Contributors: 123dieinafire, Abu badali, Ahluka, Albmont, Alex Ex, Allstarecho, Amhantar, AnY FOUR!, Anaxial, Animum, BD2412, Black Falcon, Bucketsofg, Bwiki, CallidoraBlack, Cassan, Chris the speller, ClarkF1, Classicfilms, Crazytales, D6, Dan100, Diberri, Dovestones, Dreadpiratetif, Drmies, Eclecticology, Fallout boy, GeeJo, Geer21, Gene.arboit, GregorB, Hede2000, Hekerui, Hestemand, Iamcuriousblue, Jacj, Jackjermey, JamesBWatson, Jmn32, JordiK, JuneGloom07, Kaiwhakahaere, Keimzelle, Keithfrancis, Leithp, Lugnuts, Luke1234567, Maitch, Mallanox, MarB4, Mareklug, MarnetteD, Meco, Misterwindupbird, Ndgp, Njaard, OldakQuill, Owen, Pablo X, PatrickWaters, Pearle, Petrb, PlazzTT, Ronz, SISLEY, Salimgs, Sam Blacketer, Sander Moholi, Shenme, Sjö, Sreejithk2000, Stassats, Station1, Steinninn, Tchoutoye, Thomas G Graf, Twthmoses, Valentinian, Valermos, Wapcaplet, Zahir13, 90 anonymous edits Dogme #3: Mifune's Last Song  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=481085990  Contributors: Aspects, CactusWriter, Cbrown1023, Crazy Ivan2, DS1953, Dave.Dunford, Gyrofrog, Hede2000, Joe King, Lilac Soul, Lugnuts, Mickey&minnierule, MikaelLindmark, Misterwindupbird, Mkill, Nimbusfilm, Pardy, Parkwells, Pegship, Rjwilmsi, RoyBatty42, Ryulong, Tamariki, Tim1357, TwoWings, Twthmoses, Wakuran, 9 anonymous edits Dogme #4: The King Is Alive  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=471452963  Contributors: A. Carty, After Midnight, BeteNoir, CactusWriter, D6, Grimmi, HollyAm, Lugnuts, Misterwindupbird, Monegasque, Pegship, Pimlottc, Pmod, Prolog, Rmackenzie, Robertvan1, Skier Dude, Sreejithk2000, Supernumerary, Tim1357, Wool Mintons, 2 anonymous edits Dogme #6: Julien Donkey-Boy  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=478359396  Contributors: Abqbobcat, AbsoluteGleek92, Americash, Archnoble, Asarelah, Ashlux, Atif.t2, Bileous, BlueMint, Boleyn2, Breshkovsky, Clempire, D6, David Gerard, Djproject, Endlessmug, Fallout boy, Feudonym, Fillmore Jive, Gurch, Kicking222, Koavf, Lilfti332, M1ndcrime, Misternuvistor, Misterwindupbird, Mkill, Nasnema, Oatmeal batman, ObsessiveJoBroDisorder, Ohnoitsjamie, Penbat, Pinkopf, RepublicanJacobite, Sam, SchreiberBike, Scottdoesntknow, ShadowyCaballero, Smetanahue, Smith Jones, Sparsefarce, Sputnikcc, Sreejithk2000, Supernumerary, Tonigonenstein, Treybien, Woohookitty, Ysangkok, 43 anonymous edits Dogme #8: Fuckland  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=467760666  Contributors: Anyep, Argentino, Bovineboy2008, Brownlee, CactusWriter, Ckatz, Cobaltcigs, Darklegions, David Gerard, Husond, Inka 888, Julia Rossi, Luigibob, Marianocecowski, Pegship, Pjoef, Rab V, Rich Farmbrough, Runcorn, Saber girl08, Skier Dude, Uvaphdman, 29 anonymous edits Dogme #12: Italian for Beginners  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=481192394  Contributors: Brndtnlsn, CactusWriter, Cbrown1023, Citterio, Cop 663, D6, David Gerard, Debresser, Decafoto, Dpm64, Dr. Blofeld, Fallout boy, Gaudio, Giorgian, HCamre, HandsomeFella, Hede2000, JanSuchy, Kalaha, Loganberry, Mallanox, Misterwindupbird, MrDarcy, Pjoef, Poulsen, Rjwilmsi, Saddhiyama, Smetanahue, Sreejithk2000, The Transhumanist, Tkynerd, TwoWings, Twthmoses, Verkhovensky, Wmjuntunen, WolfgangFaber, 17 anonymous edits Dogme #14: Joy Ride  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=455787542  Contributors: Alan Liefting, Atakdoug, Colonies Chris, Dr. Blofeld, Fermentedmilk, FritzZorn, Jandalhandler, Jt spratt, Kabuki dreams, KurtR, Lugnuts, MarnetteD, Michael Devore, MichaelQSchmidt, PC78, Qwerty Binary, RMHED, Rjwilmsi, Sobreira, Tabletop, TubularWorld, Wasell, 6 anonymous edits Dogme #17: Reunion  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=443036596  Contributors: CactusWriter, GirasoleDE, Lugnuts, NYScholar, Sreejithk2000, Tkynerd, 3 anonymous edits Dogme #21: Kira's Reason: A Love Story  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=479389614  Contributors: CactusWriter, Sgkong, Wool Mintons Dogme #23: Resin  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=445145319  Contributors: Drming23, Hairhorn, Jezhotwells, PC78 Dogme #28: Open Hearts  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=477433554  Contributors: Azucar, C4AJoh, CactusWriter, ColdCase, Fortdj33, Girolamo Savonarola, Greenandalas, Harthacnut, Johndburger, JzG, Kinda0, Park70, Renhir, Rjwilmsi, Shiftedreality, Skier Dude, Smetanahue, Sreejithk2000, SwarnaDwipa, Tim1357, 7 anonymous edits

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Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors File:LarsVonTrier.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:LarsVonTrier.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5  Contributors: :Nikita File:Lars Von Trier Cannes 2011.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lars_Von_Trier_Cannes_2011.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Georges Biard File:Thomas Vinterberg Berlinale 2010.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Thomas_Vinterberg_Berlinale_2010.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0  Contributors: Siebbi

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License Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

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