Ecumenical Chapel 1ug3v

Ecumenical Ecumenical – The definition of ecumenical is universal, the worldwide Christian church or unity of religions. An example of ecumenical used as an adjective is the phrase an "ecumenical truth" which means something that everyone believes in. It is an adjective from the word ecumenism meaning the idea of a Christian unity in the literal meaning: that there should be a single Church. Ecumenism is separate and distinct from nondenominational Christianity, which seeks no common organizing principle. This specific sense of the word contrasts with interfaith dialogue or interfaith pluralism aimed at unity or cooperation among diverse religions and referring to a worldwide "religious unity" by the advocacy of a greater sense of shared spirituality. The word is derived from Greek οἰκουμένη (oikoumene), which means "the whole inhabited world", and was historically used with specific reference to the Roman Empire. The ecumenical vision comprises both the search for the visible unity of the Church (Ephesians 4:3) and the "whole inhabited earth" (Matthew 24:14) as the concern of all Christians.

Trinity Ecumenical Parish Moneta, Virginia

The difference between an ecumenical church from other churches The Ecumenical Catholic Church (ECC) is a denomination within the universal Christian Church. It teaches the faith of the Nicene Creed, that one God exists in three coequal and coeternal persons—the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit—and that Jesus is the Son of God and redeemer of humanity, uniting Christians through the rebirth of Baptism and the fellowship of the Eucharist. The liturgy of the ECC is similar to that of the Roman Catholic Church, but it is politically independent and not under the jurisdiction of the Vatican or the Roman hierarchy and thus is one of the "Independent Catholic Churches". While the ECC shares the core Christian beliefs with the Roman Church and most Protestant and Orthodox denominations, it is more liberal on many social issues.

Roehampton Ecumenical Parish Minstead Gardens, Roehampton

Types of churches in general

1. Cathedral – The chief church of a diocese, in which the bishop has his throne (cathedra) and close to which is his residence; it is, properly speaking, the bishop’s church, wherein he presides, teaches, and conducts worship for the whole Christian community. What properly constitutes a cathedral is its assignment by competent authority as the residence of the bishop in his hierarchical capacity, and the principal church of a diocese is naturally best adapted to this purpose. Such official designation is known as canonical erection and necessarily accompanies the formation of a new diocese.

Cathedral of Saint John the Divine New York City, New York -Architectural styles: Gothic Revival architecture, Romanesque Revival architecture -Architects: Ralph Adams Cram, William Halsey Wood, Christopher Grant LaFarge, George L. Heins 2. Basilica – A title assigned by formal concession or immemorial custom to certain more important churches, in virtue of which they enjoy privileges of an honorific character which are not always very clearly defined. Basilicas in this sense are divided into two classes, the greater or patriarchal, and the lesser, basilicas. Major: To the former class belong primarily those four great churches of Rome which among other distinctions have a special “holy door” and to which a visit is always prescribed as one of the conditions for gaining the Roman Jubilee. They are also called patriarchal basilicas, seemingly as representative of the great ecclesiastical provinces of the world thus symbolically united in the heart of Christendom. They possess a papal throne and an altar at

which none may say Mass except by the pope’s permission. St. Peter’s Basilica is an example of a major basilica.

St. Peter's Basilica Major basilica Vatican City -Architectural styles: Renaissance and Baroque -Architects: Donato Bramante, Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Michelangelo, Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola, Giacomo della Porta, Carlo Maderno, Gian Lorenzo Bernini Minor: The lesser basilicas are much more numerous, including nine or ten different churches in Rome, and a number of others, such as the Basilica of the Grotto at Lourdes, the votive Church of the Sacred Heart at Montmartre, the Church of Marienthal in Alsace. There has been a pronounced tendency of late years to add to their number. Besides conferring a certain precedence before other churches (not, however, before the cathedral of any locality), include the right of the conopaeum, the bell, and the cappa magna. Theconopaeum is a sort of umbrella (also called papilio, sinicchio, etc.), which together with the bell is carried processionally at the head of the clergy on state occasions. The cappa magna is worn by the canons or of the collegiate chapter, if seculars, when assisting at Office. The form of the conopaeum, which is of red and yellow silk, is well shown in the arms of the cardinal camerlengo over the cross keys.

Basilica of the Annunciation Minor basilica Nazareth, Israel -Architect: Giovanni Muzio 3. Chapel – The basic definition of a chapel is an informal church or a room containing a small side altar. There are many different kinds of chapels.

St. Paul’s Chapel Manhattan, New York City -Architectural style: Georgian -Architect: Thomas McBean

Interior of St. Paul’s Chapel 4. Oratory – As a general term, Oratory signifies a place of prayer, but technically it means a structure other than a parish church, set aside by ecclesiastical authority for prayer and the celebration of Mass.

Birmingham Oratory Edgbaston area of Birmingham -Architectural style: Baroque -Architect: Edward Doran Webb In the Latin Church oratories are classed as: 

Public: Canonically erected by the bishop and are perpetually dedicated to the Divine service. They must have an entrance and exit from the public road. Priests who celebrate Mass in public oratories must conform to the office proper to those oratories, whether secular or regular. If, however, the calendar of an oratory permits a votive Mass to be said, the visiting priest may celebrate in conformity with his own diocesan or regular calendar.



Semipublic: Those which, though erected in a private building, are destined for the use of a community. Such are the oratories of seminaries, pious congregations, colleges, hospitals, prisons, and such institutions. If, however, there be several oratories in one house, it is only the one in which the Blessed Sacrament is preserved that has the privileges of a semipublic oratory. All semipublic oratories (which class technically includes the private chapel of a bishop) are on the same footing as public oratories in regard to the celebration of Mass.



Private: Those erected in private houses for the convenience of some person or family by an indult of the Holy See. They can be erected only by permission of the pope. Oratories in private houses date from Apostolic times when the Sacred Mysteries could not be publicly celebrated owing to the persecutions. Private oratories are conceded by the Holy See only on of bodily infirmity, or difficulty of access to a public church or as a reward for services done to the Holy See or to the Catholic cause. The grant of a private oratory may be temporary or for the life of the grantee, according to the nature of the cause that is adduced.

Interior of the Birmingham Oratory 5. Parish Church – A Church under the authority of a priest legitimately appointed to secure in virtue of his office for the faithful dwelling therein, the helps of religion. It must have besides the liturgical equipment necessary for Divine worship, a baptismal font (exception is occasionally made in favor of a cathedral or a mother-church; hence in the Middle Ages parish churches were often called baptismal churches), a confessional, and a cemetery. According to canon law, every church should have a stable income, especially land revenues, sufficient to insure not only the Divine service but also the of its clergy.

A parish church in Gloucestershire, England

Inside the Parish Church of Saint Lawrence in Bourton-on-the-Water, England 6. Crypt – An underground church, generally built among the dead. At first, crypts were sometimes as deep sunk as the cubicula of the catacombs themselves. Or they were but partly above ground, and were lighted by small windows placed in their side walls. Occasionally their floor was but little below the surface of the ground.

Grossmünster church crypt with Charlemagne statue

Crypt Saint-Sernin Basilica Toulouse Design considerations of a church

San Agustin Church Paoay

St. Stephen Lutheran Church USA Different Christian denominations are also to be considered in design making of a church. Compare the two pictures of churches above. The church should implement an objective process that will properly define its needs and financial ability before proceeding into the church design process. Doing so will lower the cost of the building program while improving the church's satisfaction with the design and building process. It will most often be in the church's best interest to engage an outside consultant with the tools and experience to assist the church in objectively determining needs and ability. Modern churches now are designed to provide mental, physical, as well as spiritual relaxation. The modem church has now classrooms for educational work, halls and parlors for social gatherings and a gymnasium for the exercise of the body. General Considerations: Size The church should be appropriate to its position and function within the diocesan structure. A parish church should not compete with the cathedral, nor a private chapel with a parish church. The largest church building is not necessarily the best one for a particular congregation. Meeting liturgical needs and providing fullness of participation should determine the size of the building, rather than such factors as strained

financial resources or expansive ground area. As an ideal norm, a church is too large for effective congregational participation when the priest cannot be seen or heard from the farthest reaches of the congregation; it is too small when positive aspects of participation (processions, etc.) are limited because of cramped and crowded facilities. Styles The church must serve people of our age: its architectural language should be neither anachronistic nor exotic. However, existing churches which are good examples of a particular style of architecture should be renovated and adapted to the revised liturgical needs with great care. When building new churches, it should be ed that "the art of our own day . . . should have free scope in the church . . ." (CAL, 123). A church building is a sign of what the Church is and reflects our understanding of the Church. Materials Where practical, materials found in the locality should be used in the construction of the church, if they are of good quality and are serviceable. Both the architecture and materials should be related to the nature and character of the immediate surroundings. Extravagant materials and outmoded style often defeat the economics of modern construction and may tend to make the church appear less relevant to the local community. Decoration and Finish Lavish display for its own sake should be avoided, but budgets must be ample to allow for that simple beauty through which the sacred objects say what they are. People of all social classes deserve such beauty for their worship. Noble beauty results when simple materials are used well. Ordinarily, decoration and finish should disclose basic materials and structure rather than cover them. Interior Planning Church architecture can be described as the meaningful and creative organization of worship space. A church is designed, so to speak, from the inside out, with due consideration of outside limitations. Once the worship areas have been located, the rest of the structure can be creatively, practically, and beautifully planned. Functional Shape The design and arrangement of a church interior should be aimed at making the community action of worship practicable and dignified. A church is not only a temple for the divine presence, a place in which one is but an awed visitor; but rather it is the meeting place of people.

Due consideration must be given the fact that the liturgical space must provide for all the actions of the liturgy: Eucharist, Baptism, Confirmation, Penance, Matrimony, Ordinations, Anointing the Sick, Funerals, as well as para-liturgical celebrations. Therefore, a larger sanctuary than formerly was used may now be necessary. Broad consideration should be given especially to the various possible shapes the church may take in accord with liturgical needs. Focus of the Shape Since the People of God is a living, corporate society, the church architecture must reflect that unity. The shape of the space should give focus to each of the varied functions that take place within it, and should express the different ministries of the worshipping community. The space should help that worshipping community experience and understand the special and separate roles of priest, deacons, lectors, special ministers and musicians. Unity and simplicity of design are ive of liturgy and allow for freedom and flexibility in the expression of Faith. Visual Art and Color The effect of visual art upon the faithful week after week is so powerful that it merits the careful planning of one professionally trained in architecture, art and interior design. Not only must the individual elements employed possess the qualities of true art but also every element must be a part of a meaningful whole, possessing real unity of design and purpose. Even color and light have their own artistic value. The choice of color can enhance or destroy the beauty of a church. All the colors in a church — the color of glass in windows as well as the color of walls, carpeting, furniture, etc., — are interrelated and affect each other. Colors, therefore, should be selected with competent professional advice. Art The art of the church should possess a certain transcendent character due to the invisible realities of Faith which it continues to reveal. Works of art should ordinarily be included in the original budget as an integral part of the church. It is important that contemporary art forms be chosen for a church's architectural design, furnishing, sacred images and symbols. They should reflect the native environment of the community and should recognize the character and conceptions of the people it serves. Art, as part of the liturgical environment, affects participants according to their ability to comprehend its meaning, perceptively and emotionally. The degree to which this happens is also dependent on the quality and depth of the artist's creative talent in design and execution. Thus, it is very important to call upon people experienced in their craft.

Changeable Art Sculpture and other art objects can be "changeable" if they are moveable. Process and disposable art should be considered. When hangings and tapestries are considered, the artist should realize that fabric and other related materials can not have the effect and quality of a painting. One of the appointments very often used for liturgical celebration is non-permanent art, e.g. banners, wall hangings, graphics, or tapestries. Although the use of words (calligraphy) can be an integral part of non-permanent art, the message should not be limited to a verbal communication. The sensitive use of colors and abstract forms in themselves can communicate the message. Selection of the Design Team The most important step in building or renovating a church is the choice of the design team, which must function together from the inception of planning through the completion of the building process. This team may consist of an architect, artist, liturgical designer, or any group of these people. The team must also include the pastoral staff and representative committee . They should possess a genuine understanding and experience of real and living liturgical celebration in the given community and have a keen knowledge of recent documents on the subject as it pertains to church architecture. Liturgical Artist For the specialized work of deg and/or selecting interior furnishings, paintings, sculpture, etc., it is advisable that a liturgical artist work with the architect. The liturgical artist's services should begin during early planning sessions so that his/her contributions are not partially voided by prior structural decisions. The Design Team The design team should respect the role played by each of its . The design team, in consultation with the people, will define the needs of the worshipping community. The architect should be given ample guidance and freedom to produce a work of true artistic merit. If the congregation has entrusted to the design team the development of the total concept, the congregation's decision should be based on the total plan and not on its individual parts. Personal Involvement of Pastor and his Counselors The building or renovating of a church calls for the deep personal participation of the pastoral staff and team. The finished work should give evidence of their planning and involvement and stand as a sign of their vision without being a monument to themselves.

Dialogue with the Community Building or renovating a church presupposes dialogue with the parishioners who must first be formed into a living community of people in relation to one another and with the design team. Educational programs concerning the need to build or renovate and especially the theology of the church building, should be conducted for all of the parish. The Congregation and the Building Design The pastoral staff and team with the congregation should be able to assemble a design for the proposed church from theological, liturgical, and psychological norms. Without dictating the architectural expression or limiting the final form of the church. The Total Building Complex The pastoral staff and team and the congregation should study the total parochial complex as a unit before planning a new church. Since automobiles must be provided for in our mobile society, care should be taken that driveways and parking lots are made an integral part of the total design. The living element of trees, shrubbery, etc. should always be included however, in order to avoid the often repeated look of a barren sea of asphalt. Different spaces of ecumenical churches

1. Atrium – or a courtyard is a large open space located within a building. 2. Basilica – used for meetings, markets and courts of law that provided a model for the large Christian church. 3. Bema – the small apse which contained the altar, or table upon which the sacramental bread and wine were offered. 4. Nave – the central part of a church building, intended to accommodate most of the congregation. In traditional Western churches it is rectangular, separated from the chancel by a step or rail, and from adjacent aisles by pillars. 5. Narthex – an antechamber, porch, or distinct area at the western entrance of some early Christian churches, separated off by a railing and used by catechumens, penitents, etc. 6. Chancel – the part of a church near the altar, reserved for the clergy and choir, and typically separated from the nave by steps or a screen. 7. Transept – (in a cross-shaped church) either of the two parts forming the arms of the cross shape, projecting at right angles from the nave. 8. Sanctuary – consecrated area of a church or temple around its tabernacle or altar.

Related literature as model to ecumenical church

Oxclose Ecumerical Church Washington, USA The teaching of the Church on ecumenism, as well as the encouragement to hope and the invitation to love find their official expression in the documents of the Second Vatican Council and especially in Lumen Gentium and Unitatis Redintegratio. Subsequent documents about ecumenical activity in the Church, including the Ecumenical Directory (1967-1970) build on the theological, spiritual and pastoral principles stated in the conciliar documents. They have explored more fully some topics indicated in the conciliar documents, developed theological terminology and provided more detailed norms of action, all based, however, on the teaching of the Council itself. All of this furnishes a body of teachings which will be presented in outline in this chapter. These teachings constitute the base of this Directory. Different trends in ecumenical designs

Philippine American Ecumenical Church Chicago, Illinois

Lords Hills Ecumenical Church Southampton, United Kingdom Most ecumenical churches look and seem modern. They rarely have steeples and intricate designs on them like usual churches have. They are simple. Sometimes their designs resemble those of the usual catholic churches but with less designs and decorations. At times, they adapt a subtle gothic architectural style. Trends of ecumenical churches local and abroad Local:

Iglesia Unida Ekyumenikal Tondo, Manila

Abroad:

Jermain Memorial Ecumenical Presbyterian Church Watervliet, New York

Resources: http://www.churchbizonline.com/church-design.htm http://www.stpeterslist.com/5809/6typesofchurches/ http://www.calgarydiocese.ca/liturgy/documents/481-guidlines-for-artarchitectural-and-environment.html https://www.wikipedia.org/ http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/chrstuni/docume nts/rc_pc_chrstuni_doc_25031993_principles-and-norms-onecumenism_en.html Architectural Theories of Design – George Salvan

Research in Design 3 Ecumenical

Submitted by: Martinez, Camille T. Submitted to: Ar. Julieta B. Mateo