Education Policy y2k1j
This document was ed by and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this report form. Report 3i3n4
Overview 26281t
& View Education Policy as PDF for free.
More details 6y5l6z
- Words: 3,633
- Pages: 17
Pakistan Education Policy
EDUCATION POLICY OF PAKISTAN
Page |
1
Pakistan Education Policy
University of Agriculture Faisalabad Deptt of Business MGT Sciences Subject: Public Policy About Assignment: Education Policy of Pakistan Submitted By: ROLL NO 03 09 15 22 27
NAME Shoaib Nasir Muhammad Umair Nabeela Tabassum Sobia Shafi Asifa Hassan
Submitted to: Sir Abdul Ghafoor
Page |
2
Pakistan Education Policy
Date of Submission: 1610-2009
Table of Contents Topics 1.0 About Policy 1.1 What is the Policy 1.2 Education Policy 1.3 Introduction 2.0 History of Education Policy 2.1 The post independence period in Pakistan 2.2 Education policy (1972-1980) 2.3 Education Policy 1979 2.4 National education policy 1992 3.0 Running Education Policy (1998-2010) SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 1998 TO 2010 3.1 Aims and objectives 3.2 Literacy and non formal education 3.3 Elementary education 3.4 Teacher education 3.5 Secondary education 3.6 Technical and vocational education 3.7 Higher education 3.8 Information technology 3.9 Library and documentation services 3.10 Private Sector in Education 3.11 Innovation program 3.12 Implementation monitoring & evaluation EDUCATION POLICY 2009 Challenges Salient features of national education policy Policies Reform Undertaking 4.0 Recommendations
Page |
3
Page No. 04 05 05 05 07 08 08 08 09 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 17
Pakistan Education Policy
1.0 ABOUT POLICY
Page |
4
Pakistan Education Policy
1.1 WHAT IS THE POLICY? Problem solving rules and regulations are called policy
1.2 EDUCATION POLICY “Education policy refers to the collection of laws or rules that govern The operation of education systems” Education occurs in many forms for many purposes through many institutions For example • • • • • •
Early childhood education. Kindergarten through 12th grade. Two and four Year College or universities. Graduate and professional education. Adult education. And job training.
There for education policy can directly affect the education people engage in at all Ages. Areas subject to debate in education policy; especially from the field schools include. • • • • • • • • • • •
School size. Class size. School choice. School privatization. Tracking. Teacher education and certification. Teacher pay. Teaching method. Curricular content. Graduation requirement. School infrastructure investment.
And values that schools are expected to uphold and model. Education policy analysis is the scholarly study of education policy. It seeks to answer questions about the purpose of education. The objectives (societal and personal) that is designed to attain the methods for attaining them and the tools for measuring their success or failure.
1.3 INTRODUCTION Education can be thought of as the transmission of the values and accumulated knowledge of a society. In this sense, it is equivalent to what social scientists term socialization or enculturation. Children--whether conceived among New Guinea tribes people, the Renaissance Florentines, or the middle classes of Manhattan--are born without culture. Education is designed to guide them in learning a culture, molding their behavior in the ways of adulthood, and directing them toward their eventual role in society. In the most primitive cultures, there is often little formal learning, little of what one would ordinarily call school or classes or teachers; instead, frequently, the entire environment and all activities are viewed as school and classes, and many or all adults act as teachers. As societies grow more Page |
5
Pakistan Education Policy complex, however, the quantity of knowledge to be ed on from one generation to the next becomes more than any one person can know; and hence there must evolve more selective and efficient means of cultural transmission. The outcome is formal education--the school and the specialist called the teacher.
As society becomes ever more complex and schools become ever more institutionalized, educational experience becomes less directly related to daily life, less a matter of showing and learning in the context of the workaday world, and more abstracted from practice, more a matter of distilling, telling, and learning things out of context. This concentration of learning in a formal atmosphere allows children to learn far more of their culture than they are able to do by merely observing and imitating. As society gradually attaches more and more importance to education, it also tries to formulate the overall objectives, content, organization, and strategies of education. Literature becomes laden with advice on the rearing of the younger generation. In short, there develop philosophies and theories of education.
Page |
6
Pakistan Education Policy
2.0 HISTORY OF EDUCATION POLICY
Page |
7
Pakistan Education Policy
2.1 THE POST INDEPENDENCE PERIOD IN PAKISTAN On Aug. 14, 1947, Pakistan emerged as a national sovereign state. For the new state the initial years proved to be a period essentially of consolidation and exploration. The constitution adopted in 1956 recognized the obligation of the state to provide education as one of the basic necessities of life. The new constitution implemented by the National Assembly in 1973 made practically no changes to the original educational policy. The federal Ministry of Education, headed by the federal education secretary, oversees education in the federal capital territory and in national institutions and determines policies and standards. Provincial governments handle all other istrative duties. Beginning in 1955, Pakistan adopted a series of five-year plans to improve economic and educational development. The most important educational objectives of the sixth plan (1983-88) were: (1) to strengthen training programs for all categories of manpower, (2) to establish technical trade schools and vocational institutes, (3) to provide adequate machinery, materials, and books for workshops, laboratories, and other facilities, and (4) to strengthen and develop centers for advanced engineering studies. Because less than 30 percent of the adult population is able to read and write, literacy is also a major area of concern. The National Education Policy of 1979 emphasized the need for improving vocational and technical education and for disseminating a common culture based on Islamic ideology. It also announced plans for gradually replacing the four-tier school structure (primary, secondary, college, and university) with a three-tier system consisting of primary (grades one through eight), secondary (grades nine through 12), and higher education. The government has accepted responsibility for providing free primary education for a length of time fixed provisionally at five years. Only a little more than 50 percent of primaryage children are enrolled in schools, however, with attendance concentrated in urban areas. Religious classes providing Islamic moral and sociocultural education have been taught in the schools since about 1980. An alternative course for non-Muslim students is also being introduced.
2.2 EDUCATION POLICY (1972-1980) • • • • •
Ensuring preservation, promotion and practice of basic ideology of Pakistan. Educating illiteracy within shortest possible time, through universalization of elementary education, and a massive adult education program. Equalizing access to education through provision of special facilities for women, underprivileged and adult in backward area. Providing a comprehensive program of studies through integration of general and technical education. Generally promoting the welfare dignity and sense of responsibility of teachers and students.
2.3 EDUCATION POLICY 1979 National education policy 1979 was presented on Feb.1979. The basic aim behind implementation of this policy was harmonization of education in Pakistan with concepts of Islam. Basic change which was introduced through this policy was the national language used as medium of instruction. National education policy aimed at giving desired ideological direction to education. Hence it was estimated that an additional provision of 255.57 million required a part form fifth plan of Page |
8
Pakistan Education Policy allocation implementation on the proposal of policy started in1979. The medium instruction was switched over to Urdu in Govt. Schools and policy of nationalized was reserved. Private schools were allowed to have English as medium of instruction, since they were to ultimately prepare students for foreign examination.
2.4 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 1992 Participation rate at various level of education has been very low national education policy 1992 was another attempt to streamline the process of education, which has fallen victim to both external and internal inefficient. This policy was initiated in Dec. 1992 by the then minister of education Syed Fakhar Imam, with hope that manager of education will be able to enrich educational process and concentrate on quality educators. Basic objective of policy was to restructure the existing education system on modern lines, and to bring a social change as dictated by teachings of Islam. This was to be achieved by: •
Primary education.
•
Improving quality of education.
•
Unleashing energies for participation in nation building process.
•
Shifting higher education from supply to demand oriented study programmed.
This policy also aimed for a higher participation of private sector in education development. This policy was prepared for period of ten years like all previous policies. It was also insure 100% participation of children in education at primary level by year 2002. The different education policy clearly brings out that there has been concern regarding the need to reform education. The reforms have also been clearly spelled out. However implementation has never matched the fine words of polices. Financial allocations have been inadequate. The result is that in Pakistan education generally and higher education in Pakistan gives the looks of an abandoned child.
Page |
9
Pakistan Education Policy
3.0 RUNNING EDUCATION POLICY
Page |
10
Pakistan Education Policy
SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 1998 TO 2010 The current education policy which is implemented is 1998 to 2010.
3.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATION AND ISLAMIC EDUCATION The objectives of the policy provide the education for all Pakistanis improvement and discipline in personal life according to the Islamic rule and regulations for achieving this objective. Nazira Quran impose the compulsory subject from class 1 to 8, and also for secondary level translate of selected verses of Holy Quran added in course. 3.2 LITERACY AND NON FORMAL EDUCATION Decrease in illiteracy through formal and informal means for expansion of basic education through involvement of community. According to policy the literacy rate is 39%in the time of policy making process. We will achieve the objective of up to 55% increase in literacy rate and about 70% by the year 2010. Also provide income generation skills to the women of 15 to 25 years of age and also provide basic education facility for working children. Function education provided to adolescent age of 10 to 14 who missed out the chance of primary education. The basic difference in basic education will be reduced to half by 2010. 3.3 ELEMENTARY EDUCATION About 90% of children of age 5 to 9 will be enrolled in schools by 2002-2003. Enrollment ratio at primary level will be increased to 105%by the year 2010. Compulsory primary education will be enforced in phased manner. The existing capacity of the basic level will be fully utilized by providing for introduction of double shift in existing schools of basic education. Quality of education will be improved by training the teacher by raising entry qualification for teacher for matriculation to intermediate. Also improving management and supervision system and reforming the existing and assessment system, integration of primary and middle level education into elementary education. Increasing participant rate from 46%-65%by 2002-3 and 85%by 2010 at middle level. A continues evaluation system will be adapted to increase the quality of education at elementary level. 3.4 TEACHER EDUCATION To create effectiveness of education introduces a new training program for teacher in service. The contents and methodology parts of the teacher education Circular will be revised. Both former and non former means shall be used to provide increase opportunity of in service training to new teacher provide incentives to the outstanding teachers. It will be a motivation for a teacher to provide a quality of education. 3.5 SECONDARY EDUCATION Every district will have one model secondary school. A definite carrier will be introduce at secondary level. All boys and girls who are willing to enter in the secondary schools would be ensured to enrolled in secondary schools. Multiple textbooks will be introduced at secondary and higher secondary level. Participation rate will be increased from 31% to 48%by 2002-3. The Page |
11
Pakistan Education Policy
base for technical and vocational education will be broadened through matriculation (technical) and formation of vocational high schools. 3.6 TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION To create opportunities for technical and vocational education for producing trained man power for the need of industry and economic development. To improve the quality of technical education so that the chance of employment for technical graduate will move from supply base system to drive demand system. Updating and revising of circular provide more job opportunity to the workers. Circular is reflected by technical competence, communication skills, safety and health, entrepreneurial skill. Institution and industry link shall also strengthen to give training to the student according to job requirement. Emerging technologies like telecommunication computer electronics and other which are greatly in demand in job market shall be introduced in technical institute. Technical education council shall be establishing to regulate technical education. 3.7 HIGHER EDUCATION Access to higher education is expanded at least 5%for age group 17-23 by year 2010. Merit base selection shall be adopted. Access shall be based on entrance tests. Degree colleges shall have the option to get d with any recognized university in Pakistan. Talented teachers will be paid at higher rates than usual grades. Local M.Phil and Ph.D programs shall be launched and laboratory library facilities will be strengthened. Split Ph.D program is launched and 100 scholars shall be annually trained under this program. Political activities are banned and reserved seats will eliminated. 3.8 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Computer shall be introduce in secondary schools. Schools curricula shall be revised to include recent developments in information technology, such as software development, the information super highway deg web pages, etc. 3.9 LIBRARY AND DOCUMENTATION SERVICES School college and university libraries shall be equipped with the last reading material / services. Internal connection with computer shall be given to each library. Mobile library services for semi – urban and remote rural areas shall be introduced. 3.10 PRIVATE SECTOR IN EDUCATION The investment in education private sector will be encouraged. Make the regulatory body the national level and provincial level. To regulate the activities of private sector education for this purpose proper rules and regulation are designed and also encouraging private sector education provides the tax rebate for setup the educational institution. Education foundation provides the grants to rural and poor urban areas. Education intuitions to be setup in private sector shall be provided:•
Plots in reserved prices.
•
Rebate on income tax like industry.
•
Non-Profit Schools exempted from every taxes.
Page |
12
Pakistan Education Policy
Curricula of private institution must concern to the Principal laid down in the federal supervision of curricula under the text book and maintenance of standard of education act 1976. The fees packages of private institution make with the Govt.
3.11 INNOVATION PROGRAM National Education Testing Service (NETS) establish for hiring for professional institution. Selection of those candidates only who ed test of NETS for maintain the quality of professional institution like general education in universities. 3.12 IMPLEMENTATION MONITORING & EVALUATION A district education authority is establish in every district for proper monitoring & evaluation from gross route level to highest level. Education Minister will oversee monitoring work at their level. The Prime Minister & Provincial Chief Minister will be the chief of national and provincial education council respectively. This will ensure achievement of target. The exiting EMIS at Federal and Provincial level shall be strengthen to make them responsive to the monitoring and evaluation system (MES).The Academy of education planning and management shall be strengthen to meet the emerging requirement of MES. Data Collective through provision EMIS’s and from AEPAM shall be recognized as one source for planning and management. Monitoring and evolution purpose under the head of national education management information system (NEMIS). To avoid disparities and confusion. The qualitative aspect of critical indicator a deal under EAPAM for developing and stainable indicator of progress based on more reliable data. A school census day shall be fixed for collecting data all over the country. The total expenditure of education will be raised from 2.2% to 4% of G.N.P by year 2002-2003 by Govt.
Page |
13
Pakistan Education Policy
ACTIVE EDUCATION POLICY 2009 CHALLENGES •
Weakened Governance Fragmentation Lack of Clarity in Inter-Tier Relationships
•
Poor Quality of Teachers & Managers
•
Quality of curriculum, textbooks & exams
•
Low level of literacy
•
Out of school children
•
Dropouts
•
Public Private Partnership
•
In-adequate financing
•
Gender Equity
•
Poor monitoring & evaluation
•
Imbalance in primary, middle & secondary schools
•
Inconvenient school location SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY
• • • • • • • • • • •
Universal and Free Primary and Secondary Education Promotion of Equity Minimum National Standards Relevance to Labour Market Sector Planning Financial allocation of 7% of GDP by 2018 Encourage Private sector Link Allocations to Definition of Free Education Improve Planning, Management and Implementation Capacity Donor Harmonisation Overcoming Fragmented Governance Bridging the Public Private Divide Page |
14
Pakistan Education Policy
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
Improved Examination System Introduction of Early Childhood Education (3-5 years) & inclusive education. Achieve the MDG goals. All Primary schools shall be upgraded to Middle level Well developed plan for expanding school facilities. High priority to reducing drop out rates Improved school environment Career Counselling at higher secondary level Develop national literacy curriculum Enhance qualifications for employment as teachers Pre-service & in-service teacher training Accreditation and certification of teachers Merit based teacher recruitment, professional development, promotions & postings
• • • •
Curriculum development Competitive publishing of textbooks and learning materials District Education Boards to be established for managing schools Separate management & academic cadres POLICY REFORMS UNDERTAKEN
Highlights of New Scheme of Studies: a. ‘Islamiat’ as an integrated subject in Classes I-II. Full-fledged subject from Classes III to XII. ‘Ethics’ for non-Muslims. b. Advanced ‘Islamic Studies’ in Classes IX-XII as an elective subject. c. General Science compulsory from Classes IV-VIII. d. Pakistan Studies compulsory upto Class-X. Advance Pakistan Studies as Elective for Classes XI & XII. e. History, Geography compulsory in Classes VI-VIII. Includes history of sub-continent upto 1947. Post 1947 in Pak Studies. f. Computer Literacy compulsory for Classes VI-VIII. ‘Computer Science’ elective subject in Classes IX-X and a Group in Class XI-XII. g. Choice of Arabic / Other Languages, Drawing, Technology, Home Economics, Agriculture in Classes VI to VIII. h. Medical Technology Group (6 subjects) in Classes XI & XII. Review of Curriculum: a. Curriculum being updated in view of new Scheme of Studies, challenges of modern world and job market. b. Curriculum for 24 core subjects notified. Implementation from 2009. Total subjects 81. Page |
15
Pakistan Education Policy
New Textbook Policy: Main features are: improved quality of education through quality textbooks at affordable prices, competitive publishing of textbooks by public & private publishers, textbook boards will become facilitating & regulating authorities.Will approve textbooks. controversial material (cultural, religious, ethnic) shall not be included in textbooks. National Education Assessment System (NEAS) to improve quality of education at elementary level. to develop capacity in education assessment. to measure learning achievements of students in grades IV and VIII. Based on test results, education system being rehashed. Examination System: a. Centralized Examination System. b. Question papers will have 3 parts: i. 20% objective. ii. 50% short answers. iii. 30% descriptive answers. Choice reduced to 33%. Papers based on curriculum, not textbooks. Teachers being trained to prepare children for new pattern. c. Grace marks reduced from 11 to 3 in max of 2 subjects. Access to Education: a. Free education and textbooks up to secondary level. b. To promote girls' education, future primary schools to be co-education with female teachers only. c. Stipends to girl students at Middle level. Governance Reforms: a. Inter-Provincial Education Ministers' (IPEM) Conference, for uniformity at national level. b. Colleges & Technical education schools withdrawn from Districts and placed under Provinces. c. Introduction of Prep (ECE) Class. d. Regulatory Authority for private educational institutions in Islamabad. e. Uniform academic session from 2009. f. All schools Bilingual. English and Urdu compulsory from Class-1 onwards. g. English as medium of instruction for Science, Math and Computer Science. Islamiat, Pak Studies in Urdu in all schools. Page |
16
Pakistan Education Policy
4.0 Recommendation However many policies regarding education have been made since the independent day of Pakistan. It is the misfortune of Pakistan that our policies makers and other officials to this department made many policies but lack in implementation. There are many wish lists in their policies which the GOVT want to implement but there is no proper time farm and no appointment of officials to do this job. When the GOVT sees that the aim of one policy is not fulfilling properly the introduce new policy. However it is not take into consideration what the bad things in running policy. The major problem in our policies implementation is that proper funds are not given by the GOVT. Currently funds which is given by the GOVT is 2.1% of total G.N.P serve on education sector . But it is promised the previous policies the increase the level of 7% of G.N.P up to 2015. It was also a part of almost every education policy to upgrade public education sector as well as private sector .But it is a still a dream. It is also mention in almost every policy to increase literacy rate to promise the basic education to give the facilities to needy student like as interest free student loan (issued the facility by SBP) many more like that. But things are still unsolved. In nutshell we want to
Page |
17
EDUCATION POLICY OF PAKISTAN
Page |
1
Pakistan Education Policy
University of Agriculture Faisalabad Deptt of Business MGT Sciences Subject: Public Policy About Assignment: Education Policy of Pakistan Submitted By: ROLL NO 03 09 15 22 27
NAME Shoaib Nasir Muhammad Umair Nabeela Tabassum Sobia Shafi Asifa Hassan
Submitted to: Sir Abdul Ghafoor
Page |
2
Pakistan Education Policy
Date of Submission: 1610-2009
Table of Contents Topics 1.0 About Policy 1.1 What is the Policy 1.2 Education Policy 1.3 Introduction 2.0 History of Education Policy 2.1 The post independence period in Pakistan 2.2 Education policy (1972-1980) 2.3 Education Policy 1979 2.4 National education policy 1992 3.0 Running Education Policy (1998-2010) SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 1998 TO 2010 3.1 Aims and objectives 3.2 Literacy and non formal education 3.3 Elementary education 3.4 Teacher education 3.5 Secondary education 3.6 Technical and vocational education 3.7 Higher education 3.8 Information technology 3.9 Library and documentation services 3.10 Private Sector in Education 3.11 Innovation program 3.12 Implementation monitoring & evaluation EDUCATION POLICY 2009 Challenges Salient features of national education policy Policies Reform Undertaking 4.0 Recommendations
Page |
3
Page No. 04 05 05 05 07 08 08 08 09 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 17
Pakistan Education Policy
1.0 ABOUT POLICY
Page |
4
Pakistan Education Policy
1.1 WHAT IS THE POLICY? Problem solving rules and regulations are called policy
1.2 EDUCATION POLICY “Education policy refers to the collection of laws or rules that govern The operation of education systems” Education occurs in many forms for many purposes through many institutions For example • • • • • •
Early childhood education. Kindergarten through 12th grade. Two and four Year College or universities. Graduate and professional education. Adult education. And job training.
There for education policy can directly affect the education people engage in at all Ages. Areas subject to debate in education policy; especially from the field schools include. • • • • • • • • • • •
School size. Class size. School choice. School privatization. Tracking. Teacher education and certification. Teacher pay. Teaching method. Curricular content. Graduation requirement. School infrastructure investment.
And values that schools are expected to uphold and model. Education policy analysis is the scholarly study of education policy. It seeks to answer questions about the purpose of education. The objectives (societal and personal) that is designed to attain the methods for attaining them and the tools for measuring their success or failure.
1.3 INTRODUCTION Education can be thought of as the transmission of the values and accumulated knowledge of a society. In this sense, it is equivalent to what social scientists term socialization or enculturation. Children--whether conceived among New Guinea tribes people, the Renaissance Florentines, or the middle classes of Manhattan--are born without culture. Education is designed to guide them in learning a culture, molding their behavior in the ways of adulthood, and directing them toward their eventual role in society. In the most primitive cultures, there is often little formal learning, little of what one would ordinarily call school or classes or teachers; instead, frequently, the entire environment and all activities are viewed as school and classes, and many or all adults act as teachers. As societies grow more Page |
5
Pakistan Education Policy complex, however, the quantity of knowledge to be ed on from one generation to the next becomes more than any one person can know; and hence there must evolve more selective and efficient means of cultural transmission. The outcome is formal education--the school and the specialist called the teacher.
As society becomes ever more complex and schools become ever more institutionalized, educational experience becomes less directly related to daily life, less a matter of showing and learning in the context of the workaday world, and more abstracted from practice, more a matter of distilling, telling, and learning things out of context. This concentration of learning in a formal atmosphere allows children to learn far more of their culture than they are able to do by merely observing and imitating. As society gradually attaches more and more importance to education, it also tries to formulate the overall objectives, content, organization, and strategies of education. Literature becomes laden with advice on the rearing of the younger generation. In short, there develop philosophies and theories of education.
Page |
6
Pakistan Education Policy
2.0 HISTORY OF EDUCATION POLICY
Page |
7
Pakistan Education Policy
2.1 THE POST INDEPENDENCE PERIOD IN PAKISTAN On Aug. 14, 1947, Pakistan emerged as a national sovereign state. For the new state the initial years proved to be a period essentially of consolidation and exploration. The constitution adopted in 1956 recognized the obligation of the state to provide education as one of the basic necessities of life. The new constitution implemented by the National Assembly in 1973 made practically no changes to the original educational policy. The federal Ministry of Education, headed by the federal education secretary, oversees education in the federal capital territory and in national institutions and determines policies and standards. Provincial governments handle all other istrative duties. Beginning in 1955, Pakistan adopted a series of five-year plans to improve economic and educational development. The most important educational objectives of the sixth plan (1983-88) were: (1) to strengthen training programs for all categories of manpower, (2) to establish technical trade schools and vocational institutes, (3) to provide adequate machinery, materials, and books for workshops, laboratories, and other facilities, and (4) to strengthen and develop centers for advanced engineering studies. Because less than 30 percent of the adult population is able to read and write, literacy is also a major area of concern. The National Education Policy of 1979 emphasized the need for improving vocational and technical education and for disseminating a common culture based on Islamic ideology. It also announced plans for gradually replacing the four-tier school structure (primary, secondary, college, and university) with a three-tier system consisting of primary (grades one through eight), secondary (grades nine through 12), and higher education. The government has accepted responsibility for providing free primary education for a length of time fixed provisionally at five years. Only a little more than 50 percent of primaryage children are enrolled in schools, however, with attendance concentrated in urban areas. Religious classes providing Islamic moral and sociocultural education have been taught in the schools since about 1980. An alternative course for non-Muslim students is also being introduced.
2.2 EDUCATION POLICY (1972-1980) • • • • •
Ensuring preservation, promotion and practice of basic ideology of Pakistan. Educating illiteracy within shortest possible time, through universalization of elementary education, and a massive adult education program. Equalizing access to education through provision of special facilities for women, underprivileged and adult in backward area. Providing a comprehensive program of studies through integration of general and technical education. Generally promoting the welfare dignity and sense of responsibility of teachers and students.
2.3 EDUCATION POLICY 1979 National education policy 1979 was presented on Feb.1979. The basic aim behind implementation of this policy was harmonization of education in Pakistan with concepts of Islam. Basic change which was introduced through this policy was the national language used as medium of instruction. National education policy aimed at giving desired ideological direction to education. Hence it was estimated that an additional provision of 255.57 million required a part form fifth plan of Page |
8
Pakistan Education Policy allocation implementation on the proposal of policy started in1979. The medium instruction was switched over to Urdu in Govt. Schools and policy of nationalized was reserved. Private schools were allowed to have English as medium of instruction, since they were to ultimately prepare students for foreign examination.
2.4 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 1992 Participation rate at various level of education has been very low national education policy 1992 was another attempt to streamline the process of education, which has fallen victim to both external and internal inefficient. This policy was initiated in Dec. 1992 by the then minister of education Syed Fakhar Imam, with hope that manager of education will be able to enrich educational process and concentrate on quality educators. Basic objective of policy was to restructure the existing education system on modern lines, and to bring a social change as dictated by teachings of Islam. This was to be achieved by: •
Primary education.
•
Improving quality of education.
•
Unleashing energies for participation in nation building process.
•
Shifting higher education from supply to demand oriented study programmed.
This policy also aimed for a higher participation of private sector in education development. This policy was prepared for period of ten years like all previous policies. It was also insure 100% participation of children in education at primary level by year 2002. The different education policy clearly brings out that there has been concern regarding the need to reform education. The reforms have also been clearly spelled out. However implementation has never matched the fine words of polices. Financial allocations have been inadequate. The result is that in Pakistan education generally and higher education in Pakistan gives the looks of an abandoned child.
Page |
9
Pakistan Education Policy
3.0 RUNNING EDUCATION POLICY
Page |
10
Pakistan Education Policy
SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 1998 TO 2010 The current education policy which is implemented is 1998 to 2010.
3.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATION AND ISLAMIC EDUCATION The objectives of the policy provide the education for all Pakistanis improvement and discipline in personal life according to the Islamic rule and regulations for achieving this objective. Nazira Quran impose the compulsory subject from class 1 to 8, and also for secondary level translate of selected verses of Holy Quran added in course. 3.2 LITERACY AND NON FORMAL EDUCATION Decrease in illiteracy through formal and informal means for expansion of basic education through involvement of community. According to policy the literacy rate is 39%in the time of policy making process. We will achieve the objective of up to 55% increase in literacy rate and about 70% by the year 2010. Also provide income generation skills to the women of 15 to 25 years of age and also provide basic education facility for working children. Function education provided to adolescent age of 10 to 14 who missed out the chance of primary education. The basic difference in basic education will be reduced to half by 2010. 3.3 ELEMENTARY EDUCATION About 90% of children of age 5 to 9 will be enrolled in schools by 2002-2003. Enrollment ratio at primary level will be increased to 105%by the year 2010. Compulsory primary education will be enforced in phased manner. The existing capacity of the basic level will be fully utilized by providing for introduction of double shift in existing schools of basic education. Quality of education will be improved by training the teacher by raising entry qualification for teacher for matriculation to intermediate. Also improving management and supervision system and reforming the existing and assessment system, integration of primary and middle level education into elementary education. Increasing participant rate from 46%-65%by 2002-3 and 85%by 2010 at middle level. A continues evaluation system will be adapted to increase the quality of education at elementary level. 3.4 TEACHER EDUCATION To create effectiveness of education introduces a new training program for teacher in service. The contents and methodology parts of the teacher education Circular will be revised. Both former and non former means shall be used to provide increase opportunity of in service training to new teacher provide incentives to the outstanding teachers. It will be a motivation for a teacher to provide a quality of education. 3.5 SECONDARY EDUCATION Every district will have one model secondary school. A definite carrier will be introduce at secondary level. All boys and girls who are willing to enter in the secondary schools would be ensured to enrolled in secondary schools. Multiple textbooks will be introduced at secondary and higher secondary level. Participation rate will be increased from 31% to 48%by 2002-3. The Page |
11
Pakistan Education Policy
base for technical and vocational education will be broadened through matriculation (technical) and formation of vocational high schools. 3.6 TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION To create opportunities for technical and vocational education for producing trained man power for the need of industry and economic development. To improve the quality of technical education so that the chance of employment for technical graduate will move from supply base system to drive demand system. Updating and revising of circular provide more job opportunity to the workers. Circular is reflected by technical competence, communication skills, safety and health, entrepreneurial skill. Institution and industry link shall also strengthen to give training to the student according to job requirement. Emerging technologies like telecommunication computer electronics and other which are greatly in demand in job market shall be introduced in technical institute. Technical education council shall be establishing to regulate technical education. 3.7 HIGHER EDUCATION Access to higher education is expanded at least 5%for age group 17-23 by year 2010. Merit base selection shall be adopted. Access shall be based on entrance tests. Degree colleges shall have the option to get d with any recognized university in Pakistan. Talented teachers will be paid at higher rates than usual grades. Local M.Phil and Ph.D programs shall be launched and laboratory library facilities will be strengthened. Split Ph.D program is launched and 100 scholars shall be annually trained under this program. Political activities are banned and reserved seats will eliminated. 3.8 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Computer shall be introduce in secondary schools. Schools curricula shall be revised to include recent developments in information technology, such as software development, the information super highway deg web pages, etc. 3.9 LIBRARY AND DOCUMENTATION SERVICES School college and university libraries shall be equipped with the last reading material / services. Internal connection with computer shall be given to each library. Mobile library services for semi – urban and remote rural areas shall be introduced. 3.10 PRIVATE SECTOR IN EDUCATION The investment in education private sector will be encouraged. Make the regulatory body the national level and provincial level. To regulate the activities of private sector education for this purpose proper rules and regulation are designed and also encouraging private sector education provides the tax rebate for setup the educational institution. Education foundation provides the grants to rural and poor urban areas. Education intuitions to be setup in private sector shall be provided:•
Plots in reserved prices.
•
Rebate on income tax like industry.
•
Non-Profit Schools exempted from every taxes.
Page |
12
Pakistan Education Policy
Curricula of private institution must concern to the Principal laid down in the federal supervision of curricula under the text book and maintenance of standard of education act 1976. The fees packages of private institution make with the Govt.
3.11 INNOVATION PROGRAM National Education Testing Service (NETS) establish for hiring for professional institution. Selection of those candidates only who ed test of NETS for maintain the quality of professional institution like general education in universities. 3.12 IMPLEMENTATION MONITORING & EVALUATION A district education authority is establish in every district for proper monitoring & evaluation from gross route level to highest level. Education Minister will oversee monitoring work at their level. The Prime Minister & Provincial Chief Minister will be the chief of national and provincial education council respectively. This will ensure achievement of target. The exiting EMIS at Federal and Provincial level shall be strengthen to make them responsive to the monitoring and evaluation system (MES).The Academy of education planning and management shall be strengthen to meet the emerging requirement of MES. Data Collective through provision EMIS’s and from AEPAM shall be recognized as one source for planning and management. Monitoring and evolution purpose under the head of national education management information system (NEMIS). To avoid disparities and confusion. The qualitative aspect of critical indicator a deal under EAPAM for developing and stainable indicator of progress based on more reliable data. A school census day shall be fixed for collecting data all over the country. The total expenditure of education will be raised from 2.2% to 4% of G.N.P by year 2002-2003 by Govt.
Page |
13
Pakistan Education Policy
ACTIVE EDUCATION POLICY 2009 CHALLENGES •
Weakened Governance Fragmentation Lack of Clarity in Inter-Tier Relationships
•
Poor Quality of Teachers & Managers
•
Quality of curriculum, textbooks & exams
•
Low level of literacy
•
Out of school children
•
Dropouts
•
Public Private Partnership
•
In-adequate financing
•
Gender Equity
•
Poor monitoring & evaluation
•
Imbalance in primary, middle & secondary schools
•
Inconvenient school location SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY
• • • • • • • • • • •
Universal and Free Primary and Secondary Education Promotion of Equity Minimum National Standards Relevance to Labour Market Sector Planning Financial allocation of 7% of GDP by 2018 Encourage Private sector Link Allocations to Definition of Free Education Improve Planning, Management and Implementation Capacity Donor Harmonisation Overcoming Fragmented Governance Bridging the Public Private Divide Page |
14
Pakistan Education Policy
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
Improved Examination System Introduction of Early Childhood Education (3-5 years) & inclusive education. Achieve the MDG goals. All Primary schools shall be upgraded to Middle level Well developed plan for expanding school facilities. High priority to reducing drop out rates Improved school environment Career Counselling at higher secondary level Develop national literacy curriculum Enhance qualifications for employment as teachers Pre-service & in-service teacher training Accreditation and certification of teachers Merit based teacher recruitment, professional development, promotions & postings
• • • •
Curriculum development Competitive publishing of textbooks and learning materials District Education Boards to be established for managing schools Separate management & academic cadres POLICY REFORMS UNDERTAKEN
Highlights of New Scheme of Studies: a. ‘Islamiat’ as an integrated subject in Classes I-II. Full-fledged subject from Classes III to XII. ‘Ethics’ for non-Muslims. b. Advanced ‘Islamic Studies’ in Classes IX-XII as an elective subject. c. General Science compulsory from Classes IV-VIII. d. Pakistan Studies compulsory upto Class-X. Advance Pakistan Studies as Elective for Classes XI & XII. e. History, Geography compulsory in Classes VI-VIII. Includes history of sub-continent upto 1947. Post 1947 in Pak Studies. f. Computer Literacy compulsory for Classes VI-VIII. ‘Computer Science’ elective subject in Classes IX-X and a Group in Class XI-XII. g. Choice of Arabic / Other Languages, Drawing, Technology, Home Economics, Agriculture in Classes VI to VIII. h. Medical Technology Group (6 subjects) in Classes XI & XII. Review of Curriculum: a. Curriculum being updated in view of new Scheme of Studies, challenges of modern world and job market. b. Curriculum for 24 core subjects notified. Implementation from 2009. Total subjects 81. Page |
15
Pakistan Education Policy
New Textbook Policy: Main features are: improved quality of education through quality textbooks at affordable prices, competitive publishing of textbooks by public & private publishers, textbook boards will become facilitating & regulating authorities.Will approve textbooks. controversial material (cultural, religious, ethnic) shall not be included in textbooks. National Education Assessment System (NEAS) to improve quality of education at elementary level. to develop capacity in education assessment. to measure learning achievements of students in grades IV and VIII. Based on test results, education system being rehashed. Examination System: a. Centralized Examination System. b. Question papers will have 3 parts: i. 20% objective. ii. 50% short answers. iii. 30% descriptive answers. Choice reduced to 33%. Papers based on curriculum, not textbooks. Teachers being trained to prepare children for new pattern. c. Grace marks reduced from 11 to 3 in max of 2 subjects. Access to Education: a. Free education and textbooks up to secondary level. b. To promote girls' education, future primary schools to be co-education with female teachers only. c. Stipends to girl students at Middle level. Governance Reforms: a. Inter-Provincial Education Ministers' (IPEM) Conference, for uniformity at national level. b. Colleges & Technical education schools withdrawn from Districts and placed under Provinces. c. Introduction of Prep (ECE) Class. d. Regulatory Authority for private educational institutions in Islamabad. e. Uniform academic session from 2009. f. All schools Bilingual. English and Urdu compulsory from Class-1 onwards. g. English as medium of instruction for Science, Math and Computer Science. Islamiat, Pak Studies in Urdu in all schools. Page |
16
Pakistan Education Policy
4.0 Recommendation However many policies regarding education have been made since the independent day of Pakistan. It is the misfortune of Pakistan that our policies makers and other officials to this department made many policies but lack in implementation. There are many wish lists in their policies which the GOVT want to implement but there is no proper time farm and no appointment of officials to do this job. When the GOVT sees that the aim of one policy is not fulfilling properly the introduce new policy. However it is not take into consideration what the bad things in running policy. The major problem in our policies implementation is that proper funds are not given by the GOVT. Currently funds which is given by the GOVT is 2.1% of total G.N.P serve on education sector . But it is promised the previous policies the increase the level of 7% of G.N.P up to 2015. It was also a part of almost every education policy to upgrade public education sector as well as private sector .But it is a still a dream. It is also mention in almost every policy to increase literacy rate to promise the basic education to give the facilities to needy student like as interest free student loan (issued the facility by SBP) many more like that. But things are still unsolved. In nutshell we want to
Page |
17
Related Documents 3h463d
Education Policy y2k1j
November 2021 0
National Education Policy 2009 66nj
October 2019 52
Pti Education Policy 192v6a
November 2021 0
Education Policy 1959 152y2x
February 2022 0
Ethiopian Education Policy Pdf 3x4b4y
November 2021 0
Education Assistance Policy 9c35
November 2019 39More Documents from "MUHAMMAD UMAIR" 1h4q4a
Education Policy y2k1j
November 2021 0
Scrying Book 4i2p32
November 2019 43
Karachi Board Offices Document Verification Procedure 6y2e23
December 2019 38
Computer Networks - Solved Assignments - Semester Spring 2009 2z5i6w
December 2019 40
Theory Of Automata - Solved Assignments - Semester Spring 2010 3y4t13
November 2019 48