Ergonomics In Daily Life 30136g

SUBMITTED TO, MS. ETTISHRI RAJPUT ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

SUBMITTED BY, Ruchita Koshti, Neha Shishodia

A Document on Ergonomic Analysis for the betterment of A Handloom Weaving Process Subject: Ergonomics

National Institute of Fashion Technology, Gandhinagar

Ergonomics and workplace Engineering, (EWPE)

A Document on Ergonomic Analysis for the betterment of A Handloom Weaving Process

For the partial fulfilment of completion of assignment Submitted To, Ms. Ettishri Rajput Assistant Professor, Department of Fashion Technology

Submitted By, Neha Shishodia Ruchita Koshti MFT, 3rd Semester

Table of Contents:

1. Aim…………………………………………………………………………………..…….i 2. Methodology of Assignment work…………………………………………………..…….i 3. Process of weaving through Observation……………………………………………….....i 4. Stick diagram of process with actual photographs……………………………….……… ii 5. Questionnaire for analysis………………………………………………………………..iii 6. Problems found which contributes to CTD………………………………………………iii 7. Analysis of process ergonomically………………………………………………………..v 8. H, M and E interaction according to our selected workstation…………………………....v 9. Analyzing the process systematically for identifying contributing factors………………vi 10. Improving Workplace…………………………………………………………………...viii 11. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………viii 12. Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………...ix

Aim: to select a workstation, analyse it ergonomically and provide suggestions for the improvement. Work Station: TD Lab Handloom

Methodology of Assignment Work selection of workstation

understanding process

list of problems

analysis with ergonomic perspective

Possible solutions

Process of weaving through Observation Beating using reeds

ing the shuttle through shade

Adjusting the wefts using fingers

Adjusting the lever

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Stick diagram of process with actual photographs

Step 1: beating the swatch using reed

Step 2: adjusting warp yarns using fingers.

Step 3: adjusting the shade changing lever.

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Step 4: ing the shuttle through shades.

Questionnaire for analysis 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Explain the working of loom How is the working environment? What are the working hours? Is the work tedious? List of tasks. What is the frequency of tasks? Difficulty level of each task. Scores according to difficulty level. Which body parts are mostly affected.

Problems found which contributes to CTD 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Height of machine with reference to operator. Rod used in take-off operation. Pain in forearm and shoulder. Strain in legs because of long working hours. Neck pain for taller person. Back pain for shorter person. m/c set-up comes off from the table after some forceful beating. Improper m/c part design causing injuries.

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Following are the pictures of some problems witnessed.

Figure 1: workstation Height of workstation is not idle for all. Figure 2: rod used in take-off operation.

Figure 3: stool used for short people Figure 4: wound on hand of operator.

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Analysis of process ergonomically

Inputs

Noise (by-product)

By Products Rework if mistake happens ( by-product)

Products Energy Lever Adjustment Shuttle ing

E

Weaved pattern (Swatch)

H M

Injuries (by-product)

Energy

By Products

Description of process:  The above image represents the human, machine and environment interaction.  The inputs are the energy, lever adjustment and shuttle ing according to our workstation.  After processing through the human-machine interaction it gives weaved pattern (i.e. fabric swatch) as the product and leads to energy conversion also from kinetic to mechanical.  The by-products are injuries, noise and rework if mistake happens.

H, M and E interaction according to our selected workstation 1. H > E: Emission of heat, noise and carbon dioxide in the environment. Effect: In bulk production proper ventilation required else it will lead to suffocation and dizziness to the operators. 2. H > M: Continuous forces on lever and reed. Push force on machine in backward direction. Effect: unnecessary wastage of energy. Movement upto level 5. Size of force is more that tolerance if worked for longer hours. More fatigue because of longer working hours. Mental workload because they need to check pick breakage in every cycle and for pattern design. 3. M > H: Machine makes noise while beating and adjusting lever. v|Page

Effect: Pain in hand and shoulder because of the application of force. Sensory is more than tolerance level. 4. M > E: Noise pollution in bulk production. 5. E > H: Tedious in summer season as the temperature effect the psychology and mood of the operator. 6. E > M: Dust accumulation and natural effects of environment on wood.

Analyzing the process systematically for identifying contributing factors. Step 1: after selection of job, the job is divided into number of tasks. So that it becomes easier to analyze the job. Job Title Weaving of pattern The tasks of job are: 1. Process of Beating using reeds: affect at level 2 2. Adjusting weft using fingers: affect at level 0 3. Adjusting the lever: affect at level 4 4. the shuttle through shades : use of level 2 of hands Step 2: Each task of job is given score according to level of difficulty and frequency. based on results of score prioritization of task for improvements can be made. Format for level of difficulty and frequency is shown below. How hard the task is? Vary easy Easy Somewhat hard Hard Very Hard

Score 1 2 3 4 5

How often this task done? Seasonally Occasionally Frequency Constantly Extended hours

Score 1 2 3 4 5

Step 3: Based on scoring formats tasks are given scores. Tasks Process of Beating using reeds Adjusting weft using fingers Adjusting the lever the shuttle through shades.

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Score for “How hard” * Score for “how often” 3 4 5 4 4 4 1 4

= Total score for the task 12 20 16 4

Step 4: from score card prioritize the task and make ergonomics awareness checklist Ergonomics Awareness Checklist Job Title: weaving Name of Student: Prerna Name of Observer: Ruchita, Neha

Job Location: Textile Design Weaving Lab Date: 5th September, 2016

Contributing Factors Reason for CF Task 1 : Process of beating using reeds This task will affect level 2. Repetition Requirement of process cycle Forceful exertion

Individual capability is less

Comments Total Score: 12 Twice per cycle operation is done- high frequency As girl was doing the task her force was less than required

Task 2: Adjusting weft using fingers This task will affect at level 0. Pressure Points High pressure on fingers

Total Score: 20

Task 3: Adjusting the lever This task will affect at level 4 if person goes to the side lever. And will affect at level 5 if person is lifting up & down while standing in its place Awkward posture Work place is hard to reach Repetition Twice per cycle Forceful exertion Lever is above the height and heavy and needed to lift it down

Total Score: 16

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While moving weft yarn towards back operator was using fingers

Improving Workplace Type of Improvement Engineering improvements

Details of improvement Entire handloom can be fitted on adjustable table. i.e. scissor table Stool can come with adjustable heights

Improvement for tools/ handles

Rod used in take-off options can be covered with rubber grip at both the ends. Reed handles can be given grips. Stopping mechanism should be attached to table edges

Engineering improvement

Shade changing levers can be made besides of student instead of at one side of m/c

comments This improvement will solve the problem caused to different height of people This improvement will solve the problem caused to different height of people Wound caused because of metal rod can be avoided. With grips pain caused in palm will get reduced With this improvement machine will not move forward and come off the range of table and eliminate the unnecessary This improvement will reduce the strain in leg as well as student have to move towards lever to lift up & down

Other Improvements Micro Resting

Resting after every one hour for 4-5 minutes will give time to muscles for recovery.

Conclusion:    

Overall manual weaving is a tiresome job. So advanced technology should be used. All problems cannot be eliminated as they are necessary value added activity. The suggestions if worked upon can provide ease in work which can increase the productivity. Current set up is not safe as it caused injuries.

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Bibliography [1] Departments of Industrial Relations, OSHA, "Easy Ergonomics," in A Practical Approach for Improving the Workplace, California, OSHA, Departments of Industrial Relations, 1999, pp. 1-89. [2] R. S. Briddger, "Introduction to Ergonomics," London and New-York, Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2003, pp. 1-563.

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