EVA v/s ROI
ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED (EVA) • Economic value added (EVA) is an internal management performance measure that compares net operating profit to total cost of capital • Economic value added is also referred to as economic profit • It is important because it is used as an indicator of how profitable company projects are and it therefore serves as a reflection of management performance • The idea behind EVA is that businesses are only truly profitable when they create wealth for their shareholders and the measure of this goes beyond calculating net income • EVA asserts that businesses should create returns at a rate above their cost of capital
WHY IT MATTERS: • EVA is important because it is used as an indicator of how profitable company projects are and it therefore serves as a reflection of management performance. • It includes the balance sheet in the calculation and encourages managers to think about assets as well as expenses in their decisions. • EVA only applies to the period measured; it is not predictive of future performance, especially for companies in the midst of reorganization and/or about to make large capital investments.
• The EVA calculation depends heavily on invested capital, and it is therefore most applicable to assetintensive companies that are generally stable. • Thus, EVA is more useful for auto manufacturers, for example, than software companies or service companies with a lot of intangible assets. EVA = Net Operating Profit After Tax - (Capital Invested x Weighted Average Cost of Capital)
Example Assume that Company XYZ has the following components to use in the EVA formula: • NOPAT =Rs.33,80,000 • Capital Investment = Rs.13,00,000 • WACC = .056 or 5.60%
EVA = Rs.33,80,000 - (Rs.13,00,000 x .056) = Rs.33,07,200
Return On Investment (ROI) • ROI is the ratio of a profit or loss made in a fiscal year expressed in of an investment and shown as a percentage of increase or decrease in the value of the investment during the year in question • It measures the gain or loss generated on an investment relative to the amount of money invested • ROI is usually expressed as a percentage and is typically used for personal financial decisions, to compare a company's profitability or to compare the efficiency of different investments
http://study.com/academy/lesson/return-of-investment-definition-formula-example.html
WHY IT MATTERS: • ROI is one of the most used profitability ratios because of its flexibility • One of the downsides of the ROI calculation is that it can be manipulated, so results may vary between s • When using ROI to compare investments, it's important to use the same inputs to get an accurate comparison
ROI = (Net Profit / Cost of Investment) x 100 • For example, an investor buys Rs.1,000 worth of stocks and sells the shares two years later for Rs.1,200. The net profit from the investment would be Rs.200 and the ROI would be calculated as follows:
ROI = (200 / 1,000) x 100 = 20% http://www.investinganswers.com/financial-dictionary/technical-analysis/return-investment-roi-1100
Difference between ROI and EVA ROI ROI is based on ing profits
EVA EVA is based on economic profits
ROI establishes relationship between EVA makes adjustments for ing profit ing profit and ing investments and ing investments ROI is based on ing principles
EVA deviates from ing principles
ROI do not consider cost of capital
EVA recognizes cost of capital
ROI can provide basis of comparison
EVA do not compare with other organization
ROI is best to measure companies with intangible assets
EVA is best to measure capital intensive companies
Advantages and Disadvantages of EVA and ROI
Advantages of ROI 1.
It relates net income with investments which gives better measure of divisional profits.
2.
Major focus of ROI is on required level of investments.
3.
ROI helps in making comparison between different business.
4.
Easy to calculate and easy to understand
Disadvantages of ROI 5.
ROI is based on historical cost if assets
6.
ROI provides focus on short term results and profits
7.
ROI consider current period revenue and cost
5. Investment Centre managers can influence ROI by changing ing policies 6. Satisfactory definition of profit and investment is difficult to find
Advantages of EVA 1.
EVA covers both operating cost as well as capital cost
2.
EVA can evaluate projects independently and hence decide on whether to execute the project or not
3.
It transform ing information into economic quality.
4.
EVA shoes relationship between operating margin intense use of capital so that can identify opportunities of improvement.
Disadvantages of EVA 1.
EVA does not involve forecast of future cash flows
2.
EVA is very complicated to calculate.
3.
EVA does not take ing principles into consideration
EVA is superior to ROI What separates EVA from other performance metrics is that it measures all of the costs of running a business— operating and financing. This makes EVA the soundest performance metric and the one most closely aligned with the creation of shareholder value. Many companies have adopted it as part of a comprehensive management and incentive system that drives their decision processes. They strive to increase their EVA by: Increasing the NOPAT generated by existing Capital Reducing the WACC Investing in new projects where the Return on Capital exceeds the WACC Divesting Capital where the Return on Capital is below the WACC
A company that aims to maximize its ROI will always tend to under invest, under-innovate, under-scale, and under-grow. EVA easily helps a production manager to figure out whether it is worthwhile to invest capital. EVA is the only measure that establishes a searing dividing line between good and bad performance for it is the true measure of profit. A positive EVA shows a company is producing value from the funds invested in it. Negative EVA means the company is not generating value from the funds invested into the business. A negative EVA, in other words, reflects the impact of prior decisions and sunk costs that are by now irrelevant. After making the necessary changes if EVA still remains negative, then it would be best to shut down the business. It gives managers all of the right incentives to make the decisions at the margin that will create the most shareholder value.