Exercise Cell Structure And Cell Organisation 532x5b

Form 4 Biology Chapter 2 Cell Structure and Cell Organisation Objective Questions 1

Figure 1 shows the structure of a type of plant cell.

Figure 1 Which of the following accurately describes the cell and its location in the plant? A Cell that is dividing in the cell root meristem B Leaf epidermis cell C Root hair cell D Leaf mesophyll cell 2

Figure 2 shows the leaf cross-section of a green plant.

Figure 2 After exposure to a bright light, among parts A, B, C and D, which contains the most starch? 3

The function of the plasma membrane in a cell is A to protect the cell nucleus B to control the in and out movement of solutes C to produce energy in the cell D to control cell activity

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In a dicotyledonous leaf, photosynthesis does not occur in A the epidermis cells B the palisade mesophyll cells C the sponge mesophyll cells D the guard cells 1

Questions 5 and 6 refer to the cell structures listed below: P Q R S

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Plasma membrane Cell wall Cytoplasm Vacuole membrane

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Which two cell structures exist only in plant cells? A P and Q only B P and R only C Q and R only D Q and S only

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In a plant cell such as the onion epidermis cell, which two cell structures has a selective permeability characteristic, which allows water molecules and solutes to penetrate it but blocks the age of bigger solute molecules? A P and Q only B P and S only C Q and R only D R and S only

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The cell structure in which the process of food oxidation occurs is A the chloroplast B the mitochondrion C the nucleus D the plasma membrane

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Figure 3 shows an organelle found in the cell.

Figure 3 Which of the following statements about the organelle above is not true? A Many are found in sperms B Active during anaerobic respiration C Consists of two layers of membrane D Controls the release of energy in cells

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The tissue that provides for woody plants is A the cambium B the epidermis C the phloem D the xylem

10 Figure 4 shows some processes that occur on a piece of tomato plant tissue.

Figure 4 The method that is used to produce the new individuals (clones) is A cloning B tissue culture C in vitro fertilisation D mitosis division

11 P, Q, R and S shows the events involved in plant asexual reproduction through the tissue culture method. P -

The part that is planted such as the plumule on the seedling is put into a nutrient agar medium that contains mitotic inducing hormone

Q -

The callus is cut and put into a medium that contains an organogenesis inducing substance

R - The substance is placed in an incubator at a temperature of 35°C S - The hybrid child that is produced is planted as a new plant Which of the following order of events is correct during the asexual reproduction? A P, R, Q, S B P, Q, R, S C R, P, Q, S D Q, P, R, S

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12 Figure 5 shows a plant cell. 13

Figure 5 Which labelled structure contains the most DNA? 14 Which of the following lists the structures that are found in an animal cell? A B C D

Plasma membrane No Yes Yes Yes

Cell wall Yes No No Yes

Chloroplast Yes No Yes No

Chromosome Yes Yes Yes No

Cytoplasm Yes Yes No Yes

15 Which of the following statements about the characteristics and role of reproductive cells is correct? Reproductive cell Cell characteristic Role A Sperm Contains a lot of Generates energy for mitochondria movement B Ovum Haploid nucleus Carries the genetic code of both parents C Endosperm Triploid nucleus Carries more genetic codes D Polar body Deteriorating cell Supplies nutrients to the embryo

16 Which of the following is found in the guard cell but not in the leaf epidermis cell? A Cell sap B Chloroplast C Vacuole D Mitochondrion

Structured Questions

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Figure 1 shows an example of a plant cell.

Figure 1 A, B, C, D, E and F are structures in the plant cell. (a) (i) Name structures A, B, C, D, E and F in Figure 1. (ii) What is the function of structures C and E? (b) Draw and label the structure of a complete animal cell. (c) Compare the structure of the plant cell in Figure 1 with the structure of the animal cell that was drawn in (b).

Essay Question (a) Explain the organelle functions in the plant cell. (b) Describe an experiment to observe the structure of an onion epidermis cell.

Answers 5

Objective Questions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

D B B A D B B B

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

D B A B B A B

Structured Questions (a) (i) A – Vacuole B – Plasma membrane C – Chloroplast D – Cell wall E – Mitochondrion F – Cytoplasm (ii) C – carry out the photosynthetic process E – generate energy in the cell (b)

(c)

The plant cell comprises the cell wall, chloroplast and a big vacuole that is not found in animal cells.

Essay Question 1 (a) Cell wall Vacuole Chloroplast

- has cellulose fibre and gives shape to the plant cell - surrounded by tonoplast and contains cell sap - contains chlorophyll pigments and carries out the photosynthetic process Membrane - controls the substances that enter and move out of the cell Nucleus - control centre of all cell activities Cytoplasm - substances in the cell that are located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus Mitochondrion - the main site of energy generation, resulting from the oxidation of food (b) • Put two drops of distilled water on the glass slide by using a dropper. • Use a small blade to cut a slice of red onion peel. • Use a forceps to remove the epidermis in the onion peel. • Place the epidermis in the drop of distilled water on the glass slide that is prepared. 6

• With the help of the perch needle, cover the epidermis with the glass slide cover. • By using a light microscope, study the structure of the epidermis cell, first at a low power, and then at a high power. • Transfer the glass slide from the microscope and place a piece of filter paper on one end of the glass slide cover. • Drop iodine solution on the side of the glass slide cover while absorbing the solution at the other end of the slide using filter paper. • Observe the glass slide again through the microscope at a low power in order to focus at the cell, before changing to a higher power. • Draw and label the onion cell structure that you observed through the microscope.

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