Experiment 4 Rl And Rc Circuit 6282q

Experiment 4: Voltage Relationships in Series RL and RC Circuit Vinod Krishnan A/L K. Arvindra Dass Student ID: I15009181 Name of course – Electrical Circuits Name of programme: Bachelors in Mechanical Engineering The distance between the corresponding zero points Abstract- An inductor consists of a coil of wire was then measured. The distance D was also wrapped around a magnetic flux that can store measured. The phase angle θ was then calculated. energy in the form of a magnetic field while a The whole process is then repeated with the 1200Ω capacitor is a component that consists of 2 electrical resistor replacing the 4700Ω resistor. The whole conductors separated by a dielectric material which is process is repeated once again with the inductor used to temporarily store electrical energy. A resistor– being replaced with at a capacitor with 0.47µF. inductor circuit (RL circuit) is an electric circuit composed of resistors and inductors driven by a voltage or current source while a resistor–capacitor circuit (RC circuit) is an electric circuit composed of resistors and capacitors driven by a voltage or current source. In this experiment, the objective is to find to study and prove the theoretical and experimental values of the Vrms of the AC voltage supply, the phase angle and the relationship between the VR, VC, VL, and the V applied. In order to this an oscilloscope is needed. Using the oscilloscope, the phase angle is able to found. The VR, VC and VL is found by using a multi-meter. As the percentage error of the values are between 0% and 2.5%, the values are accepted.

I. Introduction The objective of this experiment is to measure the phase angle, θ between the applied voltage, V and the current I in a series RL and RC circuit, and to experimentally the relationship between the applied voltage, the Voltage VR across R, the Voltage VL across L and the voltage VC across C. The experiment was conducted with a Fluke 25 digital multi-meter, wires, 2 resistors with a resistance of 1200Ω and 4700Ω, an oscilloscope and an AC power supply. II. Methodology Before the experiment was carried out, all equipment was tested and was found to be in working order. For the RL circuit, the circuit was then built as shown in Figure 2-1. S1 was closed and the ac supply of the circuit was set to be 10V rms. Channel 1 and channel 2 input jacks of the oscilloscope was connected as shown in the diagram. The oscilloscope was then turned on and was set to channel 1. Channel 1 of the oscilloscope is the voltage reference channel. The horizontal and vertical controls were then used to center the waveform on the screen. The oscilloscope was then switched to channel 2. Channel 2 is the current channel. The vertical control to center the waveform on the screen. The oscilloscope was then switched to the dual channel mode. Both channel 1 and channel 2 signals was displayed on the screen.

Figure 2-1 Circuit for RL circuit III. Data and Analysis The values of D, d and the phase angle for the RL circuit containing the 4700Ω resistor was then measured on oscilloscope and recorded in table 3-1. The voltage across the resistor and the inductor was then measured using a multi-meter and recorded in table 3-2. The process was then repeated with a 1200Ω resistor. Table 3-1 Measurement taken on an Oscilloscope (RL circuit) Resistor, Width of Distance Phase Ω Sine Between Angle θ, Wave D, Zero degrees cm Points d, cm 1200 10 2 72 4700 10 1 36 Table 3-2 Voltage of the RC circuit Resistor, Applied Voltage Voltage Ω Voltage, across across V Resistor, Inductor, VR VL

1200 10

3.2

9.6

10

8

6

4700

The inductor in the circuit was then replaced with a capacitor. The values of D, d and the phase angle for the RC circuit containing the 4700Ω resistor was then measured on oscilloscope and recorded in table 3-1. The voltage across the resistor and the inductor was then measured using a multi-meter and recorded in table 3-2. The process was then repeated with a 1200Ω resistor. Table 3-3 Measurement taken on an Oscilloscope (RC circuit) Resistor Width Distance Phase ,Ω of Sine Between Angle Ɵ, Wave Zero degrees D, cm Points d, cm 1200 10 1.5 54 4700 10 0.6 21.6 Table 3-4 Voltage of the RC circuit. Resistor, Applied Voltage Voltage Ω Voltage, across across V Resistor, Capacitor, VR VC 1200 10 6.0 8.0 4700 10 9.6 3.6

V = √ VR 2 +VL 2 VR=V ×

R Z

VL=V ×

XL Z

As shown in Table 2-2, for the 1200Ω resistor, we can see that the value of the applied voltage is 10V while VL is 9.6V and VR is 3.2V. To calculate the theoretical value, we use the formula:

V = √ VR 2 +VL 2 V =10.12 V To find the percentage error we use the formula:

Theorectical−Experimental Experimental 10.12−10 10

X 100%

X 100% = 1.2%

As the percentage error is less than 5% the values is accepted. Voltage applied when R is 4700V:

V = √ VR 2 +VL 2 V =10 V We then compare the values and find the percentage error.

10−10 10

X 100% = 0%

There is no percentage error present, thus the values are accepted. For RC circuit:

V = √ VR 2 +VC 2 VR=V ×

R Z

VL=V ×

XC Z

Figure 3-1 Result on oscilloscope To prove the validity of all the values measured, we must use the formulas given to find the theoretical value and compare them with the experimental value. For RL circuit:

As shown in Table 2-4, for the 1200Ω resistor, we can see that the value of the applied voltage is 10V

while VC is 8V and VR is 6V. To calculate the theoretical value, we use the formula:

V = √ VR 2 +VC 2 V =10 V The percentage error was then calculated.

10−10 10

IV Conclusion. From the experiment, we can see the reactions in a RL circuit and a RC circuit. . As the percentage errors of all values lie between 0% and 2.5%, all the values were accepted. This means that the experiment was able to experimentally the relationship between R, L and V applied in the RL circuit and the relationship between the R, C and V applied in the RC circuit.

X100% = 0 %

IV. References 1.

Bird, John (2010). Electrical and Electronic Principles and Technology. Routledge. pp. 63–76. ISBN 9780080890562. Retrieved 2013-03-17.

2.

http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/ind uctor http://www.electronicstutorials.ws/inductor/lr-circuits.html http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/rcimp.html

As there is no percentage error, all the values are accepted. When R is 4700Ω:

V = √ VR 2 +VC 2

3.

V =10.25 V

4.

The percentage error was then calculated.

10.25−10 10

X100% = 2.5%

As the percentage error is less than 5%, the values are accepted.