Fibres Classification And Characteristics 1u3e4i
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TTD 102 Introduction To Textile Fibres 1
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
2
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Fibre 3
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Filament 10/6/10
Cotton
4
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Wool
Silk
10/6/10
Man-made Fibres 5
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Filaments 10/6/10
Introduction Textile fibres are hair-like substances with a high degree of fineness, outstanding flexibility, reasonable strength, a minimum level of length and cohesiveness. 6
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Staple fibres 7
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Filaments 10/6/10
Classification of Fibres Based on their origin, the fibres may be classified as: • Natural and • Man-made.
8
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Natural fibres can be further classified according to their origin into the following three groups: Vegetable Fibres Animal Fibres Mineral Fibres 9
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Vegetable Fibres
10
Cotton
Linen
Jute Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Flax
10/6/10
Ramie
Sisal 11
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Coir
Hemp 10/6/10
Animal Fibres
Silk
Wool 12
Protein Fibre Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Mineral Fibres
Asbestos 13
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Man-made Fibres are sometimes called artificial fibres or manufactured fibres .
14
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
They may also be divided into the following three categories: Derived from natural
feedstock Derived from manufactured feedstock Miscellaneous fibres 15
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Derived from natural feedstock
16
Viscose Rayon Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
The cellulose fibres are made directly from a solution of cellulose —these are available under the trade names Lyocell and Tencel. 17
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Rubber Latex
18
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Derived from manufactured feedstock
19
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
20
Polyamide
Polyester
Acrylic Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Polypropylene
10/6/10
Spandex
Lycra 21
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Miscellaneous fibres
Glass Fibre
22
Silver Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Gold
10/6/10
Classification of Fibres and Filaments TEXTILE FIBRES
Natural
Vegetable
Man-made
Animal
Cotton, Kapok: Seed
Wool, Silk
Mineral
Asbestos
Jute, Hemp, Ramie: Flax Sisal, Pineapple, Banana: Leaf Coir: Fruit
Derived from Natural Feedstock
Viscose Rayon, Lyocel, Tencel, Polynosic, Cuprammonium Rayon, Rubber
23
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Derived from Manufactured Feedstock
Nylon 66, Nylon 6, Polyester, Acrylic, Spandex, Lycra, Polypropelene
Miscellaneous
Metal, Glass
10/6/10
Natural Fibres Cotton, wool and silk are the major natural fibres.
24
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Cotton boll 25
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Cotton boll burst 10/6/10
Cotton 26
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Wool
27
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Wool shearing from sheep 28
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Silk
29
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Silk Worms
Cocoon 30
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Coccons in Solution
Collection of Filaments 31
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Polymeric Nature of Fibres The polymeric nature of fibres explained a number of their properties, e.g. the ability of the fibre to extend significantly on application of load and its recovery on removal of the load. 32
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Schematic representation of the extension of a molecule on application of load 33
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Viscose Rayon
Polyamide 34
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Acrylic
35
Polyester Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Polypropylene
10/6/10
Nylon 66
36
Nylon 6
Polyester
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Man-Made Fibres They are produced by polymerizing low molecular weight chemical substances, usually at high pressures and temperatures in the presence of catalysts. 37
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Melt spinning
Polyester
Nylon 38
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Polypropylene
10/6/10
Melt Spinning 39
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
40
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Solution spinning • Wet spinning • Dry spinning
41
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Wet spinning
42
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
As the fluid filaments are squirted out under pressure, precipitation occurs. The solid filaments are then washed, drawn in two stages, dried and wound. 43
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Viscose Rayon
Polyacrylonitrile Fibre 44
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
The filament bundle falls into a drying chamber where the solvent is made to evaporate and the solidified filament are then wound. The drawing is done separately. 45
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Polyacrylonitrile
Spandex 46
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Viscose Rayon
10/6/10
Natural Fibres Vs. Man-Made Fibres The long molecules are oriented in both cases and show the presence of both order and disorder in the way molecules are organized. 47
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Schematic sketch showing how molecules aggregate in a fibre 48
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Natural Fibre
Man-made Fibre 49
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Another important difference is the complex morphology (Study of forms of things) of natural fibres as opposed to the rather simpler morphology of man-made fibres. 50
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Natural fibres absorb a greater amount of moisture because they contain more water absorbing groups than the synthetic fibres.
51
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Viscose Rayon
Natural Fibre 52
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
THANK YOU [email protected]
53
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
2
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Fibre 3
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Filament 10/6/10
Cotton
4
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Wool
Silk
10/6/10
Man-made Fibres 5
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Filaments 10/6/10
Introduction Textile fibres are hair-like substances with a high degree of fineness, outstanding flexibility, reasonable strength, a minimum level of length and cohesiveness. 6
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Staple fibres 7
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Filaments 10/6/10
Classification of Fibres Based on their origin, the fibres may be classified as: • Natural and • Man-made.
8
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Natural fibres can be further classified according to their origin into the following three groups: Vegetable Fibres Animal Fibres Mineral Fibres 9
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Vegetable Fibres
10
Cotton
Linen
Jute Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Flax
10/6/10
Ramie
Sisal 11
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Coir
Hemp 10/6/10
Animal Fibres
Silk
Wool 12
Protein Fibre Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Mineral Fibres
Asbestos 13
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Man-made Fibres are sometimes called artificial fibres or manufactured fibres .
14
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
They may also be divided into the following three categories: Derived from natural
feedstock Derived from manufactured feedstock Miscellaneous fibres 15
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Derived from natural feedstock
16
Viscose Rayon Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
The cellulose fibres are made directly from a solution of cellulose —these are available under the trade names Lyocell and Tencel. 17
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Rubber Latex
18
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Derived from manufactured feedstock
19
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
20
Polyamide
Polyester
Acrylic Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Polypropylene
10/6/10
Spandex
Lycra 21
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Miscellaneous fibres
Glass Fibre
22
Silver Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Gold
10/6/10
Classification of Fibres and Filaments TEXTILE FIBRES
Natural
Vegetable
Man-made
Animal
Cotton, Kapok: Seed
Wool, Silk
Mineral
Asbestos
Jute, Hemp, Ramie: Flax Sisal, Pineapple, Banana: Leaf Coir: Fruit
Derived from Natural Feedstock
Viscose Rayon, Lyocel, Tencel, Polynosic, Cuprammonium Rayon, Rubber
23
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Derived from Manufactured Feedstock
Nylon 66, Nylon 6, Polyester, Acrylic, Spandex, Lycra, Polypropelene
Miscellaneous
Metal, Glass
10/6/10
Natural Fibres Cotton, wool and silk are the major natural fibres.
24
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Cotton boll 25
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Cotton boll burst 10/6/10
Cotton 26
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Wool
27
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Wool shearing from sheep 28
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Silk
29
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Silk Worms
Cocoon 30
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Coccons in Solution
Collection of Filaments 31
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Polymeric Nature of Fibres The polymeric nature of fibres explained a number of their properties, e.g. the ability of the fibre to extend significantly on application of load and its recovery on removal of the load. 32
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Schematic representation of the extension of a molecule on application of load 33
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Viscose Rayon
Polyamide 34
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Acrylic
35
Polyester Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Polypropylene
10/6/10
Nylon 66
36
Nylon 6
Polyester
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Man-Made Fibres They are produced by polymerizing low molecular weight chemical substances, usually at high pressures and temperatures in the presence of catalysts. 37
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Melt spinning
Polyester
Nylon 38
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Polypropylene
10/6/10
Melt Spinning 39
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
40
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Solution spinning • Wet spinning • Dry spinning
41
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Wet spinning
42
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
As the fluid filaments are squirted out under pressure, precipitation occurs. The solid filaments are then washed, drawn in two stages, dried and wound. 43
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Viscose Rayon
Polyacrylonitrile Fibre 44
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
The filament bundle falls into a drying chamber where the solvent is made to evaporate and the solidified filament are then wound. The drawing is done separately. 45
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Polyacrylonitrile
Spandex 46
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
Viscose Rayon
10/6/10
Natural Fibres Vs. Man-Made Fibres The long molecules are oriented in both cases and show the presence of both order and disorder in the way molecules are organized. 47
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Schematic sketch showing how molecules aggregate in a fibre 48
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Natural Fibre
Man-made Fibre 49
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Another important difference is the complex morphology (Study of forms of things) of natural fibres as opposed to the rather simpler morphology of man-made fibres. 50
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Natural fibres absorb a greater amount of moisture because they contain more water absorbing groups than the synthetic fibres.
51
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
Viscose Rayon
Natural Fibre 52
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
THANK YOU [email protected]
53
Dr. Parul Bhatnagar
10/6/10
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