Final Report Solar Grass Cutter 2r6h3y

Project Report on

SOLAR BASED GRASS CUTTER 5TH SEMESTER OF DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

-: SUBMITTED BY:Gajjar Dharmik k. - 156240309024 Modi Dhruvik k. - 156240309050 Parmar Dixit n. - 156240309024 Damor Rakesh - 156240309020 Damor Dhaval -156240309021

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CERTIFICATE This is to certify that students mentioned below of Diploma Mechanical Engineering, Semester 5 th have completed the work of subject Project-I having title SOLAR BASED GRASS CUTTER. They have undergone the process of “shodhyatra”, literature survey and problem definition. They are supposed to carry out the residue Project-Part-II work on the same problem during Semester-VI for the final fulfillment of the project work which is prerequisite to complete Diploma Engineering. 1. Gajjar Dharmik k 156240309024 2. Modi Dhruvik k 156240309050 3. Parmar Dixit n 156240309024 4. Damor Rakesh 156240309020 5.

Damor Dhaval -

Guide : B.J.Patel

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156240309021

Head of Department: D.R.Aggarwal

MEANING OF PROJECT

P= Planning before carring out the work… R= Row material required for the work… O= Organization of the work… J= t efforts put together in the work… E= Estimation of material required in the work… C=Costing of the work…

T= Techniques used in performing the work ...

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is our privilege to express thoughts to electrical department of “GOVERNMENTPOLYTECHNIC HIMATNAGAR” for the help they have extend in completion of the defined problem and providing us an opportunity to learn and get real exposure.

On working of this defined problem in depth study presentation are the sole requirement of good project. We are grateful to Mr. B.J.Patel Sir for developing this asset in us. I cherish these excellent guidance, posit ive response affectionate counseling and inspiration supervision.

(You should be thankful to your Guide and the person who helps you to complete it)

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INDEX 1.

Abstract

6

2.

Introduction

7

3.

Solar Grass Cutter

17

4.

Components Detail

23

5 6 7 8

Advantage and Disadvantage Application Future work References

31 33 35 36

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ABSTRACT A Solar grass cutter is a machine that uses sliding blades to cut a lawn at an even length. Even more sophisticated devices are there in every field. Power consumption becomes essential for future. Solar grass cutter is a very useful device which is very simple in construction. It is used to maintain and upkeep lawns in gardens, schools, college ’s etc. We have made some changes in the existing machine to make its application easier at reduced cost. Our main aim in pollution control is attained through this. Unskilled operation can operate easily and maintain the lawn very fine and uniform surface look. In our project, ―Solar grass cutter is used to cut the different grasses for the different application.

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CHAPTER: - 1 INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

Moving the grass cutters with a standard motor powered grass cutters is an inconvenience, and no one takes pleasure in it. Cutting grass cannot be easily accomplished by elderly, younger, grass cutter moving with engine create noise pollution due to the loud engine, and local air pollution due to the combustion in the engine. Also, a motor powered engine requires periodic maintenance such as changing the engine oil. Even though electric solar grass is environmentally friendly, they too can be an inconvenience. Along with motor powered grass cutter, electric grass cutters are also hazardous and cannot be easily used by all. Also, if the electric grass cutter is corded, mowing could prove to be problematic and dangerous. The prototype will also be will be charged from sun by using solar s.

 What is Solar Energy? Solar energy is radiant energy that is produced by sun. Every day the sun radiates, or sends out, an enormous amount of energy. The sun radiates more energy in one second than people have used since the beginning of time!

Where does the energy come from that constantly is being radiated from the sun? It comes from within the sun itself. Like other stars, the sun is a big ball of gases- mostly hydrogen and helium atoms. The SOLAR BASED GRASS CUTTER Page 8

hydrogen atoms in the sun’s core combine to form helium and generate energy in a process called nuclear fusion. During nuclear fusion, the sun’s extremely high pressure and temperature causes hydrogen atoms to come apart and their nuclei (the central cores of the atoms) to fuse to become one helium atom. But the helium atom contains less mass than the four hydrogen atoms that fused. Some matter is lost during nuclear fusion. The lost matter is emitted into space as radiant energy. It takes millions of years for the energy in the sun’s core to make its way to the solar surface, and then just a little over eight minutes to travel the 93 million miles to earth. The solar energy travels to the earth at a speed of 186,000 miles per second, the speed of light.

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Solar energy is very large, inexhaustible source of energy. The power from the sun interrupted by earth is approximately 1.8/10MW, which are many thousands of times larger than the present consumption rate on the earth of all energy sources. The quantum of energy India’s land area receive from sun is equivalent to 15,000 time sits consumption requirement (500 billion kWh) as projected for 2004. In addition to its size, solar energy has two other factors in its favor. Firstly, unlike fossil fuels and nuclear power, it is an environmentally clean source of energy. Secondly, it is free and available in adequate quantities in almost all parts of the world people live. But there are some problems associated with its. The real challenge in utilizing solar energy is of and economic concern. One has to strive for the development of cheaper methods of collection and storage so that large initial investments required at preset in most applications are reduced, solar energy in India:

A large amount of solar radiation fall on India and for most of the country very few days are without sunshine. India lies within the latitude of 7 N to and 37 N with annual average intensity of solar radiation as 500 to 600 cal/cm/day with more such insulations available in arid and semi arid regions. Average solar radiation falling on India in arid and semiarid regions is 7.5 K w h/m/day. Solar energy 5× 10 K w h/year potential to meet basic energy needs of teeming millions who SOLAR BASED GRASS CUTTER Page 10

live in rural India. Solar energy is an important, clean, cheap and abundantly available renewable energy. The sun radiates heat and light. The heat, light received from the sun s the environment on the earth through the following well known natural effects. 1. Temperature balance on the earth 2. Photo-synthesis by biological plants production of oxygen and organic materials, production of organic chemicals and bio-mass. 3. Wind due to unequal heating of water, land surfaces. 4. Heating of ocean water: ocean thermal energy (OTEC) 5. Waves in ocean: ocean wave energy 6. Tides in ocean: ocean tidal energy (due to gravitational forces)

The sun produces enormous amount of energy of heat and light through sustained nuclear fusion reactions. The solar energy received on the earth in the form of radiation is used for heating and producing an electrical energy. Among the non-conventional sources of energy solar energy is the most promising. Hence our project is based on the solar energy conversion to mechanical energy to run a normal grass cutter.

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SOLAR GRASS CUTTER ALSO KNOWN AS SOLAR OPERATED LAWNMOWER

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OBJECTIVES:  For the manufacturing of a solar grass cutter we referred various literature, papers etc. The review of previous method used given below: In this lawn mower uses an solar based energy source, which is easie r to use, more advantageous comparing to other energy source especially for gas based source of power .But our lawn cutter is based on solar because this energy is a renewable energy source and it is easy to work. So we made solar powered lawnmower.

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1. The first lawn mower was invented by Edwin Budding in 1830 just outside Stroud, in Gloucestershire, England. Bedding’s mower was designed primarily to cut the grass on sports grounds and extensive gardens, as a superior alternative to the scythe, and was granted a British patent on August 31, 1830.

2. Budding’s first machine was 19 inches (480 mm) wide with a frame made of 3. wrought iron. The mower was pushed from behind.

Improvement:  It took ten more years and further innovations to create a machine that could be drawn by animals, and sixty years before a steam-powered lawn mower was built.  In the 1850s, Thomas Green & Son of Leeds introduced a mower called the Silens Messor (meaning silent cutter), which used a chain to transmit power from the rear roller to the cutting cylinder.

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Rotary mowers: (1) Rotary mowers were not developed until engines were small enough and powerful enough to run the blades at sufficient speed. Many people experimented with rotary blade mowers in the late 1920s and early 1930s, and Power Specialties Ltd. introduced a gasoline-powered rotary mower.

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CHAPTER:- 2 SOLAR GRASS CUTTER

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The lawn mower or grass cutter is made up of an induction motor, a battery, an alternator, three collapsible blades, and a link mechanism. The power and charging system comprises of an alternator which charges the battery while in o peration. The D.C. motor forms the heart of the machine and provides the driving force for the collapsible blades. This is achieved by the combined effect of mechanical action of the cutting blades and the forward thrust of the mower. The system is powered by an electrical switch which completes the circuit comprising the induction motor and the battery. The IR sensor is finding the path to avoid the obstacles and machine damage. The shaft fitting mechanism with which the height of cut is altered.

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Project description  Solar Operated Lawnmower  Our project is a battery powered automatic lawn mower  The will wirelessly control the mower along a desired path

Function 1. Mower will have the ability to be controlled remotely 2. It will be able to store the desired mowing path in memory 3. It will have wheels that control forward and backward movement as well as turning 4. Wireless interaction between mower, base station, and control unit SOLAR BASED GRASS CUTTER Page 18

5. Solar power to large battery to mower batteries 6. Micro-controller to interact with and control other components (motors for blades/wheels, wireless component, com, and power management) Working:

Coming to the working of solar powered grass cutter, it has s mounted in a particular arrangement at an angle of 45 degrees in such a way that it can receive solar radiation with high intensity easily from the sun. These solar s convert solar energy into electrical energy as studied earlier. Now this electrical energy is stored in batteries by using a solar charger. The main function of the solar charger is to increase the current from the s while batteries are charging, it also disconnects the solar s from the batteries when they are fully charged and also connects to the s when the charging in batteries is low. The motor is connected to the batteries through connecting wires .Between these two mechanical circuit breaker switch is provided. It starts and stops the working of the motor. From this motor, the power transmits to the mechanism and this makes the blade to slide on the fixed blade and this makes to cut the grass. The working principle of solar grass cutter is it has s mounted in a particular arrangement at an in such a way that it can receive solar radiation with high intensity easily from the sun. These solar s convert solar energy into electrical energy. This electrical energy is stored in batteries by using a solar charger. The main function of the solar charger is to increase the current from the s while batteries are charging, it also disconnects the solar s from the batteries when they are fully charged and also connects to the s when the SOLAR BASED GRASS CUTTER Page 19

charging in batteries is low. The motor is connected to the batteries through connecting wires .Between these two mechanical circuit breaker switch is provided. It starts and stops the working of the motor. From this motor, the power transmits to the mechanism and this makes the blade to slide on the fixed blade and this makes to cut the grass.

The designed solar powered lawnmower comprises of direct current (D.C) motor, a rechargeable battery, solar , a stainless steel blade and control switch. Mowing is achieved by the D.C motor which provides the required torque needed to drive the stainless steel blade which is directly coupled to the shaft of the D.C motor.

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The solar powered lawnmower is operated by the switch on the board which closes the circuit and allows the flow of current to the motor which in turn drive the blade used for mowing. The battery recharges through the solar charging controller. Performance evaluation of the developed machine was carried out with different types of grasses.

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CHAPTER:- 3 COMPONENT DISCRIPTION

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Main parts 1. Solar s 2. Wiper motor 3. 12 V Battery 4. 9 V Battery 5. Chain drive 6. Blades 7. Frame 8. Wheels 9. Sprockets

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SOLAR

How Do Solar Work? A solar is a device that collects photons of sunlight, which are very small packets of electromagnetic radiation energy, and converts them into electrical current that can be used to power electrical loads. Using solar s is a very practical way to produce electricity for many applications. The obvious would have to be off-grid living. Living off-grid means living in a location that is not serviced by the main electric utility grid. Remote homes and cabins benefit nicely from solar power systems. No longer is it necessary to pay huge fees for the installation of electric utility poles and cabling from the nearest main grid access point. A solar electric system is potentially less expensive and can provide power for upwards of three decades if properly maintained.

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.

BATTERY 1 The Battery (Dry Cell) (How They Generate Electrical Power) [1]1 The common battery (dry cell) is a device that changes chemical energy to electrical energy. Dry cells are widely used in toys, flashlights, portable radios, cameras, hearing aids, and other devices in common use. A battery consists of an outer case made of zinc (the negative electrode), a carbon rod in the center of the cell (the positive electrode), and the space between them is filled with an electrolyte paste. In operation the electrolyte, consisting of ground carbon, [1]2 Manganese dioxide, Sal ammoniac, and zinc chloride causes the electrons to flow and produce electricity. [1]3

How do batteries work? Electricity is the flow of electrons through a circuit or conductive path like a wire. Batteries have three parts, an anode (-), a cathode (+), and the electrolyte. The cathode and anode (the positive and negative sides at either end of a smaller battery) are hooked up to an electrical circuit.

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WIPER MOTOR :

9V BATTERY :

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SPROCKETS:

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WHEELS

CHAIN DRIVE

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1. Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place to another. It is often used to convey power to the wheels of a vehicle, particularly bicycles and motorcycles. It is also used in a wide variety of machines besides vehicles.

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CHAPTER:4 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGE

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ADVANTAGES  They can be installed and pulled by hand.  Low maintenance  Unattended operation  Long life  Compact size and portable  Easy to move from one place to another place  Operating principle is simple.  Non-skilled person also operate this machine

DISADVANTAGES  Solar energy makes use of a renewable natural resource that is readily available.  Large time required to remove the grass  Manually operated  Difficult to operate in rainy seasons

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CHAPTER: - 6 APPLICATION

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APPLICATION

For cricket ground. The football ground. All garden All Playground

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Future work We completed our project successfully with the available sources. But the results and modifications are not up to the expectations. This can be further improved by incorporating the following modifications to obtain better results. The mechanism which we used ie scotch yoke mechanism does not given excepted eff iciency. This efficiency can be increased by using some other mechanism. and speed of motor is reduce because we have used heavy material and this material can be replaced by using light weight material .and design of blades should be done based on types o f grass is used to cut. The project which we have done surly reaches the average familes because the grass can be trimmed with minimum cost and with minimum time Finally this project may give an inspiration to the people who can modify and can obtain better results.

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LIST OF REFERENCE

1. The solar entrepreneur’s handbook, Wise publications 2. A project report on ―solar tracking system using hydraulic damper‖ (MeRITS) 3. Non Conventional Energy sources by G.D.RAI, Khanna Publishers 4. A project report on‖ solar powered bicycle‖ (MeRITS) 5. WWW.solar grasspowered grass cutter.com [on line] 6. www.merits.tech.in

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