Frog Atlas 125r2v

MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY

r--------

Snout

- - - - - External naris Brows pot Upper eyelid Nictitating membrane ~)f~~~~=:::::::::::::=;E;::: Lower eyelid • Digits of Fingers ..J.---"'1~-:S:r-- Tympanic membrane Carpus or wrist ........ ,~........... ~'l.ldOr--- Forearm

Upper arm

r - - - - - - Median dorsal line . . . - - - - - - Hump

(~\ fl Cf\ TID~~

~N.ir--------

t>h~·\L\W\ ·• (M()n:\Wq

Anus

WJirfi1il m i T - - - - Thigh

.

~l-~b~l,~lu,\\'1: 'v~Arftb~t.n4 C\ q ~ ·, -A IV\"\ \ID ,- G\

Olrcl-tv- ·. A\\ l-\y-r;\

Fctf,,,b·· Ru\'\idc\tr - - - - Shank G(Jil'S. ·. 1\91 t1 C\ ~pt. d \:~ '. v lll,.g~.rt\

...~.~~

,W\).tJf!.

- · Tarsus or ankle _

. ,..

:" M·)v

oF.~::--- Prehallux - !"V,A(lu:\il:l ~ f\ c\Ji:h\~.!:,;:::>-- Digits of toes J Web

EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE FROG

~--------Darkly are~

pigmented of the skin

SwoJ._J.. en

thumb

A MALE FROG Ventral view

Diffused skin pigmentation

•-~~--Thumb

not swollen

A FEMALE FROG Ventral view

Met atarsals

Ischium

SKELETAL SYSTEM Dorsal View

Astragalus]Tarsals Calcaneum

Transverse process Neural spine 2nd to 8th vertebrae (Typical vertebrae)

Postzygapophysis

Sacral vertebra (9th vertebra)

VERTEBRAL COLUMN Dorsal view

ISOLATED VERTEBRAE Neural spine Neural arch Postzygapophysis Neural canal Concavity for articulation with occipital condyle Centrun ATLAS Antero-dorsal view

.--------Neural spine ~-----Postzygapophysis

Transverse process ~~~~-------Prezygapophysis

.....__ _ _ Neural canal ~~-------Centrum

TYPICAL VETEBRA Antero-dorsal view

centrum SACRAL VERTEBRA Postern-dorsal view

Neural canal of the lOth

Concavities for articulation lvi th sacral vertebra UROSTYLE Antero-latera! view

Exoccipital Occipital condyle

SKULL Dorsal view

~------------Premaxillae

orbit

SKULL Ventral view

LOWER JAW Dorsal view

Anterior cornu Alary process Body

Posterior cor-nu Thyroid process

HYOID APPARATUS Ventral view

---------------------- Episternum

Omosternum Clavicle

Scapula Suprascapula

Glenoid fossa.

r-------.::..::: PECTORAL GIRDLE Dorsal view

PELVIC GIRDLE, 1/2 (INNOMINATE BONE) Lateral view

Fenestra coracoid Epicoracoid Mesosternum Xiphistermn

Head Deltoid

ridge/'~·

Condyle Radio-ulna Longitudinal groove Centrale Ordinary carpals Metacarpals Radiale

-"""'o'!;I'J

!l:i(tl.==- Phalanges

Ulnare

FOREUMB, R1ght Lataral Vtt1111

Tibio-fibula

~-

Calcaneum or fib111are Astragalus or tibiale

~--~--

Ordinary tarsals Calcar

AA~..,.,'Hf--

Metatarsals

'~~~~~~Phalanges

HINDLIMB, RIGHT Ventral view

~~~------~-rr-----Temporalis ~~:.------nm-;.;y--- Depressor

mandibula

~~~~~~~~~~~~==Dorsal1s scapula ~ ~rj;;,r--Cucullaris ~\~~?//

Latissimus dorsi oblique m.mmr------------Longiss imus dorsi

IH/IJ/II~r-...;::~=------- External

llfi~~-----------Ilio-lumbaris ~~~~~----------Coccygeo-sacralis

~~~~i---==========Coccygeo-iliacus ~ femoris anticus m~~~~wBwm~~-----------Gluteus :f'(U~~~ ~::m.::rn.------------ Vastus externus

\~---------Triceps

n~~~~---

femoris Semimembranosus

Gracilis minor

fi--------Tibialis anticus Tendon of Achilles

J:..!!.-.!.----

MUSCULAR SYSTEM Dorsal view

Suanentalis

is

cutaneous~~~~tfl\1 pectoralis

0tC r.:.(·s

Scapulo-humeralis or deltoid s epicoracofaaa-- (Anterior pectoralis) --'"----Pectoralis sternalis AU~--------PeCtoralis ~is

(Posterior pectoralis) Linea alba----~~~~\1:~~~------~Rectus abdominis Inscriptiones tendinae

vn:;b£~ .·~~i" n;(~~ ~.(.i d
tt,_,ie;r

Sartori magnus Gracil major Gracili minor Tibia-. ---;;.;

fibula

~~~~-Semitendinosus

Gracilis major (~t) (Rect"US int,ernus major") L-ww~~-- ·Gracilis minor ) (Rectus internus minor Extensor cruris anticus t~~'(J\t~·. Flexor tarsi anterior

lib;ttli~ lU~\1 t.tl..'.. l.JC ~;~ -- 1.:~\lCkr

MUSCULAR qysTEM, ·Ventral view

(The left side has been dissected to show the deeper muscles)

T-11

\l' ''~Ji·~.

~--------------------

Median subrostral fossa pulvinar rostrale Lateral subrostral fossa Internal naris or

c"hoana1

'---------~per lip fold

~~~~~---------- Vomerine teeth ~~~---------

~~~---------~;,;:;iii;;----

Sulcus marginalis Maxillary teeth Orbital prominence. Opening into the Esophagus Eustachian tube "fl{·.(.tf·~Laryngeal ·prominence

~---------------------Tuberculum

BUCCAL CAVnY OF A MALE FROG

prelinguale

Nasal cavity Mouth cavity · Brain Esophagus Spinal cord Pelvic .girdle Kidney Adrenal gland Mesonephric quct Renal .portal vein Cloaca Anus

Jugular .vein Carotid artery Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein

Urinary bladder Large intestine

"-"---- · Testis Spleen Fat body Postcava Hepatic portal vein

Abdominal vein Small intestine

INTERNAL. ORGANS, Lateral view

...-----419.~- $kin ---~~;--Dorsal

subcutaneous lymph space Epaxial muscles orizontal skeletogenous septum ·~~~~--Trunk vertebra Kidney isterna magna or subvertebral lymph sinus

Gonadl=Jt~~::::::::==~~

Dorsalmesentery Stomach -~~:r.--rrt

Omentum ____~~~~~-J Duodenum _ _:~~;.::?o:;:c-Linea alba------~~;:~~~~~;;~

Ventro-lateral subcutaneous connective tissue Ventral subcutaneous lymph space Ventral abdominal ve:i.n

BODY CAVITY

Heart Liver Gall bladder Pancreas

Lung Corpora adiposa

Stanach Spleen

Duodenum }Small intestine Ileum

Testis Kidney

Large intestine Cloaca Anus

COELOM AND VISCERA Ventral view of a Male Frog

Duodenum~--~~~~~

Ileum __~------~·~ Mesentery proper or

Mesenterium

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Ventral View

Dr~~------------- Cricoid cartilage

;,_~~~~~----- Laryruc

· RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Fat body or Corpora adiposa Postcava Testis Vas efferens Adrenal gland Kidney Renal vein Mesonephric duct or Wolffian duct Vestigial oviduct

Entrance of -~--~----~~ Wolffian duct

Entrance of oviduct Urinary bladder Cloaca Anus

MALE UROGENITAL SYSTEM Ventral view

.~~~r----+--1-~~U...---\---

Fat body or corpora adiposa Postcava

~~--~----Kidney

~-~---OViduct

ovary_.,____, with eggs fri~;.---....__ _

Mesonephric duct or Wolffian duct

of oviduct ~-,~----~---urinary 4--T~-----

Cloaca

..__....,&.j~

~--------------Anus

FEMALE UROGENITAL SYSTEM Ventral view

bladder

Ventricle

v. Lung

Liver

v.

Gall bladder

Pulmonary V. Sinus venosus Hepatic v. Bepatic portal V. Postcava

v.

v.

Kidney

v. Ventra1--~~~~~~r-lr~

v. intestine

abdominal V.

~~~----~-Urinary bladder Femoral Sciatic V.-----------------, ~~~~~---------Pelvic V.

v.--------------

VENOUS SYSTEM Ventral view of a Female Frog

Truncus arteriosus--------

carotid A.

Common carotid A---------------~ Systemic arch ___

A. A.

Pulmo-cutaneous A.

A. A. A.

Pulmonary A. _____ Right -lung

---=..:...._

----~ -----~----~~~~

Conus arteriosus

Syst~~ic A.-------~-~~~·

Left gastric A. Hepatic A.

Coeliaco-mesenteric A. Adi{:X)sal A. Anterior mesenteric A.-+~~

~~~~~~Right gastric A. Pancreatic A.

ovari an A. ------------~~~ (spermatic ·A. in Jr;'~~:!r=~L Duodenal A. the male) Intestinal As. . K1dney Renal As.-------------t~~~~~~;!.~~2=~JJ~-- Splenic A. Oviducal A. Spleen Posterior mesenteric A.~~~~--~~• Right common iliac A---~~~~~ ,...._r:til Epigastric A.~-----~--~~~~~ Epigastrico-vesical ~ecto-vesical

A.

--------------~

A.

A.

- - - ~o-=-------- Sciatic A.

ARTERIAL SYSTEM Ventral view of a Female Frog

Truncus arteriosus

Right Precava Pulloonary veins Right auricle Sinus venosus Coronary sulcus

Postcava Ventricle

HEART Dorsal view

Truncus arteriosus

Left precava

Right

Left auricle arteriosus Coronary sulcus

Postcava

HEART Ventral view

r----

Olfactory nerve Olfactory lobe

Brain or Optic lobe or cerebellum or Medulla

.

-.~

.;.'; .,

"· '

·;·

.:·:

....

,.

~~.

0

·' . 0

·.· Spinal cord

..•:

, '.:..

Brachial enlargement

..

·.::

·.

•.

::

:-:

Dor sal fissure

Lumbar enlargement

~--~

Roots of posterior spi nal nerves

Fi lum tenninale

BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD Dorsal view

Cauda Equina

Olfactory nerve

Telencephalon or Cerebral hemisphere Optic --::ir7'"'"'t.~­ chiasma

.·... . ,. .; ~

..

' I

t \\

Optic nerve Optic tract Infundibulum Oculomotor nerve

,Hypophysis or pituitary body Mesencephalon or Optk lobe Abducens nerve

\

•

•\'

'. ·~

;-

BraChial enlargement

I

}

.·. i .•

r-i- ; . . . . . - - - -

Ventral fissure

..;· .i L\.Dbar enlargement

Roots of posterior spinal nerves cauda equina

BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD Ventral view

Olfactory nerve ( 1) Olfactory lobe

Telencephalon Pineal body or Epiph_ysis Diencephalon Metenceph_alon

Mesencephalon Trochlear nerve (4) Trigeminal nerve (5) Facial nerve {7) Auditory nerve (8) Glossopharyngeal nerve ( 9) Vagus nerve (1 0)

BRAIN AND CRANIAL NERVES Dorsal view

Olfactory nerve (1)

Telencephalon Optic nerve (2) Optic tract Infundibulum Oculomotor nerve

( 3)

Trigeminal nerve (5) Facial nerve ( 7) Auditory nerve (8) Glossopharyngeal nerve {9) Vagus nerve (10) Spinal BRAIN AND CRANIAL NERVES Ventral view

'~----------

Olfactory nerve

J---------- Olfactory lobe

lst and 2nd ventricles or Lateral ventricles ~------~

Telencephalon Foramen of Monro 3rd ventricle

or Iter

CAVITIES OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD