Gps And Gsm Based Health Monitoring System 4i4k6b

GPS & GSM BASED HUMAN HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM 12311A0406 12311A0427 12311A0430

Aim of the project The main objective of this project is: 1. Real time monitoring of health status of a person. 2. Patients location be traced out easily using GPS based positioning system. 3. Sends alerts in the form of SMS messages to nearby emergency service and family via GSM module.

Block Diagram

MICROCONTROLLER Which microcontroller to be used? It depends on the requirements, cost and availability and they are 1. Atleast one programmable serial communication pins 2. Normal input and output pins for – a. LED's – b. Buzzer – c. Heartbeat sensor – Based on the above requirements we can choose any cost effective microcontroller. I have an Atmega-16 with me and it meets the requirements, so I can use it.

PIC16F877A Microcontroller • This powerful yet easy-to-program CMOS FLASH-based 8-bit microcontroller packs Microchip's powerful PIC® architecture into an 40-pin package. • Flash Memory: 14.3 Kbytes (8192 words) • Data SRAM: 368 bytes • Data EEPROM: 256 bytes • Self-reprogrammable under software control • In-Circuit Serial Programming via two pins (5V)

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33 I/O pins; 5 I/O ports

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2 8-bit timers and one 16-bit timer

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Two Capture, Compare, PWM modules

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Synchronous Serial Port with two modes: • SPI Master • I2C Master and Slave

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USART/SCI with 9-bit address detection

THE TRANSMISSION PROCESS 1. GSM and GPS modules communicate with serial communication protocols. 2. GPS module transmits data to the microcontroller. 3. This data is processed and filtered. 4. Now this filtered data is sent to the GSM module which will transmit the data to the cell phone only when hearbeat sensor finds anything bad.

What is GPS and How does it work

• It is a constellation of 29 satellites orbiting around the earth.

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• Designed by US military as a spaced based navigation system. • GPS works on the principle of trilateration. • Why 29 satellites?

G

C

B

Global Positioning System

•GPS needs four satellites to determine the position. • Uses high frequency radio waves • Satellites uses atomic clocks • Use the formula d = c x ∆t • Use relativity principle

GSM & GPS Modules

GSM module GPS module

How will a microcontroller understand what GPS is telling •The information are assembled in a particular string format which are to be decoded by GPS modems. •A GPS modem gives the output data in a following string format called as NMEA Format. • are also compatible with serial ports using RS232 protocols

Baud rate

Data bits

Stop bits

Parity

Handshake

4800 bps

8

1

None

none

$GPGGA,100156.000,2650.9416,N,07547.8441,E,1,08,1.0,442.8,M,-42.5,M,,0000*71 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. East 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

A string always starts with a ‘$’ sign GPGGA : Global Positioning System Fix Data ‘,’ Comma indicates the separation between two values 100156.000 : GMT time as 10(hr):01(min):56(sec):000(ms) 2650.9416,N: Latitude 26(degree) 50(minutes) 9416(sec) North 07547.8441,E: Longitude 075(degree) 47(minutes) 8441(sec) 1 : Fix Quantity 0= invalid data, 1= valid data, 2=DGPS fix 08 : Number of satellites currently viewed. 1.0: HDOP 442.8,M : Altitude (Height above sea level in meter)  -42.5,M : Geoids height __ , DGPS data 0000 : DGPS data *71 : checksum

The GSM Architecture

How does microcontroller communicates with GSM module It again uses serial UART communication protocol It uses AT commands which are used in controlling modems. AT commands are divided into two a.Basic commands b. Extended commands We use messaging service and hence use extended At commands

HEART-BEAT SENSOR 

What is it?

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It is a device which monitors heartbeat pulses periodically.

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This heart beat sensor is designed to give digital output of heartbeat when a finger is placed on the device.

o

This digital output can be connected to Microcontroller directly to measure the Beats Per Minute (BPM) rate.

Heartbeat Sensor • Blood is pumped to all the parts of the body including finger • Light is ed from transmitter to receiver. • Finger is placed between the transmitter an receiver. • Blood in excess absorbs more light. • The output from the IR sensors is very low and cannot be given directly to microcontroller. • Based on the input to the microcontroller, the rate is decided and calculated for threshold.

One way of making heartbeat sensor

Second way

Amplifying circuit for the heartbeat sensor

FUTURE SCOPE This project can also be implemented through various Network technologies like ,IoT technology, bluetooth module, ZigBee module etc., also. This project also can be useful for providing emergency medical services. By Interfacing additional condition sensors we can detect other health conditions like temperature, blood pressure etc… We can also use sensors and robust communication technologies for diagnosis. And Handle more message types and sources. Add features for other mobile professionals.

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Disadvantages of using IR based heartbeat sensor and remedies Light based heartbeat sensors are used in smart phone's like Apple watches 1. Skin penetration 2. Fault indications during work or play Remedies 1. Take average of readings for different times. 2. Use accelerometers and GPS to find the travelling distance per day on an average. Besides using this only sensor we can use other sensors in combination to make our device more accurate.

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