Grade 8 Arts First Quarter 3u265w

GRADE 8- ART LECTURE (First Grading Period) LESSON 1: FABRIC/FABRIC DESIGN Thailand  Thai silk is produced from the cocoons of Thai silkworms which is considered to be one of the finest arts in the world  Khorat - the center of the silk industry in Thailand  Thai weavers raises the caterpillars on a steady diet of mulberry leaves Cambodia  Silk weaving dates to as early as the first century  Types of Cambodian weaving: 1. ikat technique – weavers tie and dye before weaving begins 2. uneven twill – yields dingle or twocolor fabrics produced by weaving three threads  Cambodian textiles employed natural dyes coming from: a. insect nests - red dye b. indigo - blue dye c. prohut bark- yellow and green dye d. ebony bark - black dye  Takeo, Battambang, Beanteay Meanchey, Siem Reap, Kampot provinces –Cambodia’s modern silkweaving centers  Cambodian silk is used in sampot (wrap skirts), furnishings, and pidan (pictoral tapestries)  Cotton textiles is used in garments and for household purposes  Krama – traditional check scarves worn almost universally by Cambodians are made of cotton Laos  According to Lao tradition, stories of their history were not ed on orally nor was it written, they were woven  Lao stories were weaved in the intricate dense patterns and motifs of textiles  Sihn – Lao women’s ankle long skirt whose form is undeniable but whose patterns are unique to each skirt  It is traditional that every woman in Laos weaves all the sihns she would wear throughout her lifetime  They uses folk icons to express personal views (crab – resourcefulness, snake – fertility, butterflies – beauty, birds – success) Vietnam  Golden Thread Silks were born in Vietnam  Ha Dong - center of silk weaving and sericulture  old jacquard looms are still used Some Popular Vietnamese Fabric Ranges Are:

1. Shantung taffeta 2. Bengaline weave 3. Ebony satin – all-natural lustrous silk hand-woven and dyed using ebony fruit pods  Vo Viet Chung – Vietnamese designer, uses ebony satin Indonesia, Malaysia & Singapore  Batik - the fabric most common to both countries - an Indonesian-Malay word, believed to be related to the Malay word “titik”, which means ‘point’, ‘dot’ or ‘drop’ - The “drop” action refers to the process of dyeing the fabric by making use of a resist technique Two Categories Of Batik Designs: 1. geometric motifs 2. free form designs  In Malaysia, the sates of Kelantan and Terengganu are considered the cradle where batik first flourished Two Main Types Of Malaysian Batik: 1. Handpainted- the artist uses the canting 2. Blockprinted- metal block is dipped into molten wax and pressed against the fabric  Malaysian batiks incorporate leaves and flowers, similar to Indonesian batiks, to avoid the interpretation of human and animal images as idolatry in accordance with Islamic doctrine  Malaysian batik is famous for is geometrical designs or spirals  Indonesian Javanese batik patterns are larger and simpler than Malaysian batik  More brush painting is applied on Malaysian batik to be able to put lighter and more vibrant colors  Javanese batik are deep-colored  In Singapore, batik has been recorded since the 12th century but has receded in popularity through the years  Nowadays, batik is featured in as the uniform of flight attendants for the official flag carrier airlines of Sinapore, Indonesia and Malaysia Brunei  Brunei's traditional textile is also called batik but its designs have their national flower simpur, sumboisumboi (pitcher plant), and Brunei's traditional design of air muleh.  Different techniques used: airbrushing, cracking, bubble, rainbow, sprinkle, geometry and marble - ---these techniques are applied on cotton, chiffon, linen and brocade

 

Hand-made batik designs are created through the art of layering and mixing of ccolors Brunei's batik can be done in four different ways:

1. 2. 3. 4.

hand-drawn using metal blocks screen printing digital printing

LESSON 2 : ARTS AND CRAFTS Thailand  Flying Lanterns / Sky Lanterns / Wish Lanterns / Yi Peng - made out of rice paper with a bamboo frame which contain a fuel cell or small candle - used during the year for festivals Cambodia and Laos  Indigenous people represent 1.4 percent of the total population in Cambodia  They live in remote rural areas  They are referred to as highlanders  Handicrafts are part of their traditional culture and their livelihood  They make paper by hand for over 700 years using the bark of sa (mulberry tree)  SA PAPER was used for calligraphy and for temple decorations, umbrellas, fans and kites  In Luang Prabang, Northern Laos, it is now used to create lampshades, writing paper, greeting cards and bookmarks Vietnam  Vietnamese silk painting is one of the most popular forms of art favoured for the mystical atmosphere that can be achieved with the medium  During the 19th and 20th centuries, French influence was absorbed – liberal and modern use of color  Vietnamese silk paintings typically showcase the countryside, landscapes, pagodas, historical events, or scenes of daily life Indonesia  Shadow Puppetry is an ancient form of storytelling and entertainment which usesflat articulated figures (shadow puppets)  Wayang Kulit is a type of puppet shadow play performed around the Indo-Malayan archipelago tracing its origins to India  It is derived from a Javanese HinduBuddhist tradition, where handcrafted leather puppets depict epic stories of the gods in shadow play  A traditional gamelan accompany the story-telling



Wayang, in modern Indonesian language means "show" or "perform"  Wayang is also attributed to Indonesian word “bayang” which means shadow  Kulit means "skin", a reference to the leather material that the figures are carved out of  The puppets come in all sizes, ranging from 25 cm to 75 cm  The puppets are usually made out of buffalo and goat hide and mounted on bamboo sticks  The puppets are moved behind a cotton or linen screen by a dalang  Dalang - puppetmaster in shadow puppet plays - tells the story, interprets and voices each character, producing sound effects with speech and movement and manipulates all the figures between the lamp and the screen to bring the shadows to life Malaysia  Wau Kite is a uniquely designed Malaysian kite  Its wings are similar to an Arabic letter  Farmers used kites as scarecrows in the fields and as a means to lull their children to sleep  Kite flying has become a popular sport internationally  Malaysia has been celebrating kite festivals annually like the Pasir Gudang International Kite Festival Brunei  songkok or peci or kopiah is a cap widely worn in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, the southern Philippines and southern Thailand, mostly among Muslim males in formal gatherings (wedding feasts, funerals, festive occasions such as the Muslim EidulFitr and Eid al-Adha)  Songkok was associated with Islam in Malaysia  Peci in Indonesia is associated with the nationalist secular movement  In Brunei Darussalam, men’s headgears are categorized into three:

a) dastar - a piece of cloth tied around the head; b) songkok or kopiah – a type of cap made from velvet c) tangkolok or serban resembles a turban, typical headdress in the Middle East

LESSON 3: SCULPTURE Cambodia  For many thousands of years, the art of stone carving has flourished in Cambodia  Breathtaking carvings found at ANGKOR WAT has become one of the country’s most cherished art forms Thailand  Thailand is world-famous for its sculpture that dates back 4000 years  Most commonly used materials are wood, stone, ivory, clay, and various metals  Most notable sculptures are the Thai bronzes famous for their originality and grace  Wat Pho, the oldest and largest Buddhist temple in Bangkok, houses the largest collection of Buddha images in Thailand, also known as the TEMPLE OF THE RECLINING BUDDHA  RECLINING BUDDHA - 46 meters long, 15 meters high; covered in gold plating; decorated with mother-of-pearl inlay in his eyes and the soles of his feet; bottom of the Buddha’s feet are intricately decorated with 108 auspicious scenes in Chinese and Indian styles Laos  Lao artisans used a variety of media in their sculptural creations  Precious metals (bronze, silver, gold) are used for smaller objects  Two Buddha Images: - Phra Sai (Buddha of Inspiration) - Phra Bang (Royal Buddha Image) Vietnam  Vietnamese sculpture was influenced by Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism  The prehistory started from the Nui Do culture (300,000 year ago) to the Dong Son culture (2,500 years ago)  In the DONG SON CULTURE, cultural activities are not divided clearly, there are no prehistoric sculptures, only expressions or manifestations  Among the famous sculptures is the 10,000year- old carvings on the Dong Noi Cave  Dong Son culture is famous for its kettledrums, small carvings and home utensils  Sculpture of Grave Houses in the Central Highlands: couples embracing, pregnant women, and people in mourning, elephants, and birds Indonesia  Indonesia is known for its stone, bronze, and iron-aged arts  Sculptures can be found in numerous archaeological sites in Sumatra, Java to Sulawesi  Native Indonesian tribes usually create sculptures that depict ancestors, deities and animals  The most amazing sculptures are :



After a period of time the wearing of songkok became a tradition and synonymous with being a Malay



Songkok replaced the dastar as part the Malay’s national dress on most formal occasions

a. Asmat wooden sculpture of Papua b. Dayak wooden mask and sculpture c. The ancestral wooden statue of Toraja d. The totem-like sculpture of Batak and Nias tribes 

From the classical Hindu-Buddhist era of Indonesia, the most prominent sculptures are the hundreds of meters of relief and hundreds of stone Buddhas at the temple of Borobudur in central Java  Richest, most elaborate and vivid wooden sculpture and wood carving traditions can be found in Bali and Jepara, Central Java  Jepara wood carvings - pelaminangebyok (wedding throne with carved background) Malaysia  Most of Malaysia’s sculptures are relief Relief Sculptures partially carved into or out of another surface rely on a base or a plane to them a combination of both threedimensional and two-dimensional art forms

There Are Three Main Types Of Relief Sculptures: 1. Alto form – is almost completely carved from its surface, highly-shaped, very little of the structure touching the base or plane; could possibly stand alone if the base or plane were removed 2. Bas form – is a relief that barely extends past the base 3. Sunken relief – an image that is carved into the surface  Relief wood carvings frequently adorn the doors, walls and windows of traditional Malay houses; popular motifs of such relief carvings are the various kinds of Malaysian flowers and plants  The best Malay woodcarvings is from Terengganu and Kelantan a. ukiran halus (fine carving) - carving of relief patterns, hilts of keris (short Malay dagger), bed heads, and cupboard tops b. ukiran kasar (rough carving) - carvings on larger objects like furniture, pillars, windows, room portions, and eaves of roofs  Cengal is the preferred wood for building houses and boats  Balau or Perah is used for rafters or floorboards of a house or for the prow of a boat Singapore  The Sri Mariammam Hindu temple was constructed and dedicated to the goddess Mariamman, who is worshipped for her power to cure disease





    

Its most interesting feature is its impressive gopuram (tower) over the main entrance, which is decorated with numerous Hindu deities. Merlion was conceived because the Singapore Tourism Board felt the country lacked a distinct image representing the nation and its history An icon which could tap into the particular myths and folklore of the area, many of which feature sea-beasts and magical-fish creatures The Merlion is partly inspired by “The Singapura Story” is a mythical creature with the head of a lion and the body of a fish, used as a mascot and national personification of Singapore Merlion = sea lion The Sentosa Merlion is the biggest replica, standing at 37 meters and made from glassreinforced concrete, designed and sculpted by James Martin, an Australian artist

Brunei  Sculpture in Brunei takes on a more utilitarian role than an aesthetic one  Excellent craftsmen used bronze and silver to create adornments and functional items such as bowls, tools, and the like  Sculpting is not yet widely practiced in Brunei Darussalam



Examples of their creations can be seen at the ASEAN Squares The square has on display the work of a sculptor from each of the original six ASEAN member countries: Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines The sculptures, which have as their theme "Harmony in Diversity”, symbolize ASEAN solidarity and the aspirations of its member countries, which is love, peace, freedom and mutual respect. Brunei Darussalam’s “The World of ASEAN” by Mr. Haji Marsidi Haji Akip Indonesia’s “Goals of ASEAN” by Mr. Husna Malaysia's “The Emerging Kubah (Domes)” by Mr. Latif Mohiddin Philippines’ “Brunei Entelechy” by Mr. Eduard Castrillo Singapores’s United Profile by Mr. Michael Ong Chu Keng Thailand’s “Movement” by Mr. Saravudth Duangjumpa



Brunei Arts and Handicraft Training Center was established in 1975 to revive and promote the nation’s dying tradition of crafts, including metalwork