Human Body System Regents Questions 5o203o

Name:__________________________________________________

LIVING ENVIRONMENT LONG TEST # 1 MP 3

1. A student performed a laboratory investigation to determine the effect of temperature on the heart rate of Daphnia (water flea). The following temperatures and heart rates were recorded: 5°C - 108 beats/min 10°C - 150 beats/min 15°C - 180 beats/min 20°C - 270 beats/min 25°C - 300 beats/min During which temperature interval did the greatest change in heart rate occur? 1. 5-10oC 3. 15-20oC 2. 10-15oC 4. 20-25oC

2. Which structure shown in the diagram below contracts, causing a pressure change in the chest cavity during breathing?

1. A 2. B

3. C 4. D

3. The diagram represents a demonstration of the breathing process in humans. The balloons represent lungs. The change in the balloons is brought about by

1. a change in air composition outside the bell jar 2. a change in air pressure inside the bell jar

3. an expansion of the balloons, which pulls the rubber sheet into the bell jar 4. a contraction of the balloons, which forces air into the bell jar

4. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram of the human heart and on your knowledge of biology. Which heart chamber pumps blood toward the alveoli by way of the pulmonary arteries?

1. 1 2. 2

5. Structures specialized for returning blood to the heart are known as 1. arteries 2. veins

3. 3 4. 4

3. lacteals 4. bronchioles

6. Base your answers to the following question on the diagram of the human heart and on your knowledge of biology. Deoxygenated blood from the body is returned to the heart by way of structure

1. A 2. B

3. C 4. D

7. The diagram represents the pathway of blood throughout the body. Which structure represents the chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood directly from the lungs?

1. 5 2. 6

3. 3 4. 4

8. In the human heart, the muscular structure of the ventricles enables them to 1. pump blood a greater distance than atria can 2. carry only oxygenated blood

3. carry only deoxygenated blood 4. pump blood directly into the atria

9. Which statement most accurately describes the human heart? 1. It has two atria and one ventricle, and it pumps blood directly into veins. 2. It has one atrium and one ventricle, and it is composed of cardiac muscle.

3. It has one atrium and two ventricles, and it is composed of visceral muscle. 4. It has two atria and two ventricles, and it pumps blood directly into ateries.

10. In a human, the transport of blood between the heart and lungs is known as 1. systemic circulation 2. coronary circulation

3. lymphatic circulation 4. pulmonary circulation

11. When humans exhale, air es from the trachea directly into the 1. bronchioles 2. alveoli

3. bronchi 4. pharynx

12. One type of allergic reaction results in constriction of the bronchial tubes, which interferes with the age of air into and out of the lungs. This type of allergic reaction is most closely associated with 1. asthma 3. bronchitis 2. emphysema 4. meningitis

13. Which adaptation found within the human respiratory system filters, warms, and moistens the air before it enters the lungs? 1. clusters of alveoli 3. involuntary smooth muscle 2. rings of cartilage 4. ciliated mucous membranes

14. When a person does strenuous exercise, small blood vessels (capillaries) near the surface of the skin increase in diameter. This change allows the body to be cooled. These statements best illustrate 1. synthesis 3. excretion 2. homeostasis 4. locomotion

15. Which substances may form in the human body due to invaders entering the blood? 1. nutrients 3. antibodies 2. vaccines 4. red blood cells

16. Which line in the graph (see image) best illustrates an effect of the carbon dioxide level in the blood on breathing rate before, during, and after a period of exercise?

1. A 2. B

17. Some human white blood cells help destroy pathogenic bacteria by

3. C 4. D

1. causing mutations in the bacteria 2. engulfing and digesting the bacteria

3. producing toxins that compete with bacterial toxins 4. inserting part of their DNA into the bacterial cells

18. An investigation was set up to study the movement of water through a membrane. The results are shown in the diagram (see image). Based on these results, which statement correctly predicts what will happen to red blood cells when they are placed in a beaker containing a water solution in which the salt concentration is much higher than the salt concentration in the red blood cells?

1. The red blood cells will absorb water and increase in size. 2. The red blood cells will lose water and decrease in size.

3. The red blood cells will first absorb water, then lose water and maintain their normal size. 4. The red blood cells will first lose water, then absorb water, and finally double in size.

19. In the accompanying diagram, which structure performs a function similar to a function of the human lungs?

20. Which statement best describes a change that usually takes place in the human body when the heart rate increases as a result of exercise? 1. More oxygen is delivered to muscle cells. 3. The rate of digestion increases. 2. Blood cells are excreted at a faster rate. 4. No hormones are produced. 21. In the human body, hydrochloric acid is responsible for the low pH of the contents of the 1. lungs 3. liver 2. kidney 4. stomach

22. Feces is usually about 40 percent water and 60 percent solid matter. Reducing the water content to 20 percent would most likely result in 1. ulcers 3. diarrhea 2. appendicitis 4. constipation

23. Which structures secrete chemicals utilized for the completion of digestion within the small intestine? 1. liver and pancreas 3. esophagus and alveoli 2. glomerulus and villi 4. gallbladder and pharynx

24. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram shown and on your knowledge of biology. Peristalsis occurs in structures

1. A and D 2. B and C

25. Which substance is normally absorbed by the large intestine? 1. water 2. glycogen

3. C and E 4. E and F

3. protein 4. cellulose

26. In humans, chemical digestion is accomplished by enzyme action that begins in the mouth and ends in the 1. esophagus 3. small intestine 2. stomach 4. gallbladder

27. Which type of digestion occurs in the mouth when an individual chews a piece of bread? 1. mechanical digestion, only 3. both mechanical and chemical digestion 2. chemical digestion, only 4. neither mechanical nor chemical digestion

28. In humans, food is moved from the mouth to the stomach as a result of 1. egestion 3. circulation 2. peristalsis 4. diffusion 29. Which system is correctly paired with its function? 1. immune system--intake and distribution of oxygen to cells of the body 2. excretory system--remove potentially dangerous materials from the body

3. digestive system-transport energy-rich molecules to cells 4. circulatory system-produce building blocks of complex compounds

30. The diagram represents a group of organs in the human body. Urine leaves the urinary bladder by ing through structure

1. A 2. B

31. In humans, the ureter transports urine from the

3. C 4. D

1. blood to the kidney 2. liver to the kidney

3. kidney to the urinary bladder 4. urinary bladder to outside the body

32. As urine is excreted, muscle contractions of the urinary bladder will cause the urine to into the 1. ureter 3. urethra 2. glomerulus 4. Bowman's capsule

33. In the diagram of the human urinary system, which letter indicates a structure responsible for filtering urea out of the bloodstream?

1. A 2. B

3. C 4. D