International Space Research Organisation 4i272o

INTERNATIONAL SPACE RESEARCH ORGANISATION PRESENTED BY: CH.BHAVANA LAKSHMI JR.X th ROLL NO:3

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ISRO CENTERS LAUNCH VEHICLES SATELLITES

INTRODUCTION  Space activities in the country started during early 1960’S near Thiruvananthapuram using small sounding rockets.  Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the visionary leader envisioned that this powerful technology could play a meaningful role in national development and solving the problems of common man.

 Indian Space programme born in the church beginning, space activities in the country, concentrated on achieving self reliance and developing capability to build and launch communication satellites for television broadcast, telecommunications and meteorological applications; remote sensing satellites for management of natural resources.  The objective of ISRO is to develop space technology and its application to various national tasks.

 Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully operationalised two major satellite systems:  Indian National Satellites (INSAT) for communication services.  Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites for management of natural resources.  Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching IRS type of satellites.  Geostationary Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for launching INSAT type of satellites.  The Space Commission formulates the policies and oversees the implementation of the Indian space programme to promote the development and application of space science and technology for the socio-economic benefit of the country.

ISRO CENTRES

VIKRAM SARABHAI SPACE CENTRE(Thiruvananthapuram)  VSSC at Thiruvananthapuram is the major center of ISRO, where the design and development activities of satellite launch vehicles and sounding rockets are carried out and made ready for launch operations.  The centre pursues research and development activities for associated technologies such as launch vehicle design, propellants, solid propulsion technology, aerodynamics, aero structural and aero thermal aspects, avionics, polymers and composites, guidance, control.

ISRO SATELLITE CENTRE  ISAC at Bangalore is engaged in developing satellite technology and implementation of satellite systems for scientific, technological and application missions.  ISAC is functionally organised into five major areas: mechanical systems area including structures, thermal systems and spacecraft mechanisms; digital and communications area including digital systems and communication systems; integration and power area comprising spacecraft checkout, systems integration and power systems.

SATISH DAHWAN SPACE CENTRE(SDSC)-SHAR  SDSC SHAR, with two launch pads is the main launch centre of ISRO located at 100 km north of Chennai. SDSC SHAR has the necessary infrastructure for launching satellite into low earth orbit, polar orbit and geostationary transfer orbit.  The launch complexes provide complete for vehicle assembly, fuelling, checkout and launch operations.

LAUNCH VEHICLES  Launch Vehicles are used to transport and put satellites or spacecrafts into space. In India, the launch vehicles development programme began in the early 1970s.  The first experimental Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-3) was developed in 1980. An Augmented version of this, ASLV, was launched successfully in 1992.  India has made tremendous strides in launch vehicle technology to achieve self-reliance in satellite launch vehicle programme with the operationalisation of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).

Landmark achievements in ISRO's Launch Vehicle Development

1.

PSLV has 21 consecutively successful flights out of 22 launches

2.

PSLV used for launching a total of 27 satellites for foreign customers under commercial agreements, demonstrating its multi-satellite launch capability

3.

PSLV used to launch Space capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-1), Chandrayaan-1 and ISRO's exclusive meteorological satellite, KALPANA-1 , proving its versatility

4.

GSLV with four successful flights of seven launches can launch 2 to 2.5 tonne satellite into Geo-synchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO)

5.

Successful testing of indigenously developed cryogenic upper stage on November 15, 2007.

PSLV  The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle,usually known by its abbreviation PSLV is the first operational launch vehicle of ISRO.  PSLV is capable of launching 1600 kg satellites in 620 km sun-synchronous polar orbit and 1050 kg satellite in geosynchronous transfer orbit.  In the standard configuration, it measures 44.4 m tall, with a lift off weight of 295 tonnes.

PSLV  PSLV has four stages using solid and liquid propulsion systems alternately.  The first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world and carries 139 tonnes of propellant.  A cluster of six strap-ons attached to the first stage motor, four of which are ignited on the ground and two are airlit.

GSLV  Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle(GSLV)-Mark I&II ,is capable of placing INSAT–II class of satellites (2000 – 2,500 kg) into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).  GSLV is a three stage vehicle GSLV is 49 m tall, with 414 t lift off weight.  It has a maximum diameter of 3.4 m at the payload fairing.

GSLV  First stage comprises S125 solid booster with four liquid (L40) strap-ons.  Second stage (GS2) is liquid engine and the third stage (GS3) is a cryo stage.  The vehicle develops a lift off thrust of 6573 kn.

GSLV MARKIII  The GSLV-III or Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III , is a launch vehicle currently under development by the Indian Space Research Organization.  GSLV Mk III is conceived and designed to make ISRO fully self reliant in launching heavier communication satellites of INSAT-4 class, which weigh 4500 to 5000 kg.  It would also enhance the capability of the country to be a competitive player in the multimillion dollar commercial launch market.  The vehicle envisages multi-mission launch capability for GTO, LEO, Polar and intermediate circular orbits.

GSLV MARKIII  GSLV-Mk III is designed to be a three stage vehicle, with 42.4 m tall with a lift off weight of 630 tonnes.  First stage comprises two identical S200 Large Solid Booster (LSB) with 200 tonne solid propellant, that are strapped on to the second stage, the L110 re-startable liquid stage.  The third stage is the C25 LOX/LH2 cryo stage.

SATELLITES  For the past four decades, ISRO has launched more than 65 satellites for various scientific and technological applications like mobile communications, Direct-to-Home services, meteorological observations, telemedicine, tele-education, disaster warning, radio networking, search and rescue operations, remote sensing and scientific studies of the space.  ISRO has established two major space systems, the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) series for communication, television broadcasting and meteorological services .

SATELLITES  Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) system for resources monitoring and management which is Earth Observation Satellites. ISRO has launched many Experimental Satellites which are generally small comparing to INSAT or IRS and Space Missions to explore the space.

CONCLUSION  Isro is launching forthcoming satellites like:  INSAT - 3D, SARAL, ASTROSAT,GSAT6,GSAT7,GSAT9,GSAT11, GSAT14.  Launch Vehicle / Forthcoming Launches:  PSLV-C20/SARAL Mission.