Interview Question For Networking q6w1y

Windows sys interview questions 1. What is Active Directory schema? 2. What are the domain functional level in Windows Server 2003? 3. What are the forest functional level in Windows Server 2003? 4. What is global catalog server? 5. How we can raise domain functional & forest functional level in Windows Server 2003? 6. Which is the deafult protocol used in directory services? 7. What is IPv6? 8. What is the default domain functional level in Windows Server 2003? 9. What are the physical & logical components of ADS 10. In which domain functional level, we can rename domain name? 11. What is multimaster replication? 12. What is a site? 13. Which is the command used to remove active directory from a domain controler? 14. How we can create console, which contain schema? 15. What is trust? 16. What is the file that’s responsible for keep all Active Directory database? Categories: Windows, Networking

| SQA and testing frequently asked definitions Oracle on Linux/Unix questions | 44 Responses to “Windows sys interview questions” 1.

Aneesh Said: March 29th, 2006 11:49 pm The Active Directory schema contains formal definitions of every object class that can be created in an Active Directory forest it also contains formal definitions of every attribute that can exist in an Active Directory object. Active Directory stores and retrieves information from a wide variety of applications and services. So that it can store and replicate data from a potentially infinite variety of sources, Active Directory standardizes how data is stored in the directory. By standardizing how data is stored, the directory service can retrieve, update, and replicate data while ensuring that the integrity of the data is maintained.

2.

kiran Said: May 15th, 2006 11:46 pm 1) Schema master is a set of rules which is used to define the struture of active directory. It contains definitions of all the objects which are stored in AD. It maintains information and detail information of objects.

2) If there are many organisational units and to implement policy on all OUś we use Domain level policy. 3) 4) Global Catalog Server maintains full information about its own domain and partial information about other domains. It is a forest wide role. 12) Sites: one or more well-connected highly reliable and fast T/IP subnets. A site allows to configure active directory access and replication topology to take advantage of the physical network. 13) dromo to add/remove active directory but first ADC should be removed before DC if we want to remove DC first then check this server is last domain controller in domain. 16) I think the answer for this is schema master. 3.

Pinkesh Said: June 3rd, 2006 8:00 am Can you explain us briefly Archeitecture of Windows 2000/2003?

4.

Pinkesh Said: June 3rd, 2006 8:01 am What are main differences in Windows NT and Windows 2000 Archeitecture ?

5.

Muniraj Said: June 24th, 2006 2:41 am HI I was just googling for Interview FAQ’s i got this URL as first choice it is really dream come true situation for me because readily all possible question’s and answers are given. Please send me if u have any FAQ on Exchnage Related. Thanx and regards Muniraj

6.

shaik Said: June 29th, 2006 2:31 am HI I was just googling for Interview FAQ’s i got this URL as first choice it is really dream come true situation for me because readily all possible question’s and answers are given. Please send me if u have any FAQ on Exchnage Related. Thanx and regards shaik

7.

SUVENDU Said: August 15th, 2006 11:08 pm

4.What is global catalog server? A global catalog server is a domain controller it is a master searchable database that contains information about every object in every domain in a forest. The global catalog contains a complete replica of all objects in Active Directory for its host domain, and contains a partial replica of all objects in Active Directory for every other domain in the forest. It have two important functions: i)Provides group hip information during logon and authentication ii)Helps s locate resources in Active Directory 8.

SUVENDU Said: August 15th, 2006 11:08 pm 4.What is global catalog server? A global catalog server is a domain controller it is a master searchable database that contains information about every object in every domain in a forest. The global catalog contains a complete replica of all objects in Active Directory for its host domain, and contains a partial replica of all objects in Active Directory for every other domain in the forest. It have two important functions: i)Provides group hip information during

logon and authentication ii)Helps s locate resources in Active Directory 9.

SUVENDU Said: August 15th, 2006 11:11 pm 13 Which is the command used to remove active directory from a domain controler? ANS ” DROMO ” in command prompt

10. SUVENDU

Said: August 15th, 2006 11:29 pm 10. In which domain functional level, we can rename domain name? All domain controllers must be running Windows Server 2003, and the Active Directory functional level must be at the Windows Server 2003. Yes u can rename the domain in windows server 2003

11. irfan

Said: September 1st, 2006 1:19 am (s) are complaining of delays when using the network. What would you do?

12. shaik

Said: September 3rd, 2006 12:24 pm hi

15.NTDS.DIT 14. we have to open the to see the schema master fsmo role regser 32 schmamgmt. 9.Physical computers,sites,dc Logical ,o.us, etc…. 6.Light wait directory Access Protocal (ldap) 5. What ever changes done in D.c(domain Controlers) will effect at A.D we can call it as multimaster . 13. Kumar

Ken Said: September 13th, 2006 3:53 pm Hi 15. To allow s in one domain to access resources in another, AD uses trust. Trust is automatically produced when domains are created. The forest sets the default boundaries of trust, not the domain, and implicit trust is automatic. As well as two-way transitive trust, AD trusts can be shortcut (s two domains in different trees, transitive, one- or twoway), forest (transitive, one- or two-way), realm (transitive or nontransitive, one- or two-way), or external (nontransitive, one- or two-way) in order to connect to other forests or non-AD domains. AD uses the Kerberos V5 protocol, although NTLM is also ed and web clients use SSL/TLS. 11.Multi-master replication is a method of replication employed by databases to transfer data or changes to data across multiple computers within a group. Multi-

master replication can be contrasted with a masterslave method (also known as single-master replication). 7.Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is a network layer IP standard used by electronic devices to exchange data across a packet-switched internetwork. It follows IPv4 as the second version of the Internet Protocol to be formally adopted for general use. 14. hongsinh

Said: September 19th, 2006 3:00 am What are the domain functional level in Windows Server 2003?

15. Sarith

Said: September 22nd, 2006 3:26 am Please check this link :) this will help you h**p://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsServer/en/libr ary/b3674c9b-fab9-4c1e-a8f67871264712711033.mspx?mfr=true

16. Naresh

Nimmagadda Said: October 13th, 2006 9:06 am ip v6 it ia a 128 bit size address here we can see total 8 ocatates each octate size is 16 bits superated with “:” it is in hexa decimal formate these 3 types

1.unicast address 2.multicast address 3.anycast address loopback address of ip v6 is ::1 17. Ramanand

Said: November 27th, 2006 5:00 am What is mean by dns,dh.? what is maen different between hub and switch ? what is meam by brodcast id? what is mean by loop back id? what is mean by schema ? what is mean by master searchable directory

18. Srikanth

Said: December 8th, 2006 6:08 am 10. In which domain functional level, we can rename domain name? The System Properties dialog box can also be used to rename a domain controller, and it does not require the functional level to be raised to Windows Server 2003.

19. Renga

Raju Said: December 13th, 2006 11:43 pm 1.What is Rsop ? Resultant set of policy is provid to make policy modification and trouble shooting easier. Rsop is the query object it has two mode 1.logging mode: Polls existing policies and the reports the result of the query.

2.Planning mode: The questins ask about the planned policy and the report the result of the quer. 2.What is the concept for authoritative and nonauthoritative restoration? 1. Non-authoriative restore: which accept the entries from other domain controller after the restoed data. 2.Authoritative: Not accept the entries from other domain controller. 3.What is the ntds.tit file default size? 40 mb 20. niraj

Said: December 14th, 2006 5:28 am 13 Which is the command used to remove active directory from a domain controler? ANS i think ” DROMO ” in command prompt . 11.What is multimaster replication? Ans. It is also known as single-master replication. Multi-master replication is a method of replication employed by databases to transfer data or changes to data across multiple computers within a group. Multimaster replication can be contrasted with a masterslave method.

21. Sachin

Said: February 19th, 2007 6:54 am What is Multimaster replication?

In addition to storing primary zone information in Dns we can also store it in active directory as active directory object.This integrates Dns with active directory in order to take advantage of active directory features The benefits are 1 zone can be modified from any domain controller within the domain and this information is automatically updated or replicated to all the other domain controllers along with the active directory replication.This replication is said to be multimaster replication. 2.We no longer face the standard dns server drawbacks. In standard dns server only the primary server can modify the zone and then replicate the changes to other domain controllers(It was in windows NT4 before). But when Dns gets integrated with AD .Zone can be modified and replicated from any domain controller. 3.Fault tolerance 4.Security You can prevent access to any updates to zone or individual record preventing insecure dynamic updates. 22. Unnikrishnan

Said: February 24th, 2007 7:08 am

13 Which is the command used to remove active directory from a domain controler? ANS : DROMO 23. Unnikrishnan

Said: February 24th, 2007 7:10 am 11 What is multimaster replication? The two technologies in DFS are as follows: DFS Replication. New state-based, multimaster replication engine that is optimized for WAN environments. DFS Replication s replication scheduling, bandwidth throttling, and a new byte-level compression algorithm known as remote differential compression (RDC). DFS Namespaces. Technology that helps s group shared folders located on different servers and present them to s as a virtual tree of folders known as a namespace. DFS Namespaces was formerly known as Distributed File System in Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003.

24. pavan

Said: February 28th, 2007 2:39 pm hi 1)What is system boot process in windows and linux.

2)how the hardware interact with OS. 3)what is paging. Thanks 25. Salman

MW Said: March 7th, 2007 3:56 pm 8. The default domain functional level in Windows Server 2003 is “Windows 2000 Mixed” 10. We can rename domain name in “Windows Server 2003″ functional level

26. William

Wood Said: March 13th, 2007 4:59 am 16. NTDS.dit

27. jagjit

singh Said: March 26th, 2007 11:16 am for removing active directory the command line is dromo /forceremoval

28. Sanjay

Patel Said: March 30th, 2007 1:24 pm Removing Active Directory: 1. If we want to remove Active Directory then we will use command…… DROMO 2. If some one deleted parent domain and we want to

remove from child domain then we will use command… DROMO /FORCEREMOVAL Note: - we should not remove parent domain first. we should start from bottom means child domain and after that it’s parent and so on. 29. Sanjay

Patel Said: March 30th, 2007 1:53 pm 1. DNS(Domain Name Service): —————————It’s mainly used to resolve from host name(FQDNFully Qualified Domain Name) to IP address and IP address to host name.DNS mainly used in Internet. DNS devide in form of hierarchical. 2. DH(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): ——————————————— DH use for provide IP address dnamically to client machine. If that client not able to find DH server then client machine will go for APIPA(We have range for APIPA which is 169.254.0.1-169.254.255.254). 3. HUB and SWITCH: —————— Switch is expencive than hub. If more then one try to send packet at a time collision will occure but in switch we can send. Switch is full duplex. Maximum bandwidth is 100 Mhz and that bandwidth is shared by all of the PC’s connected to the hub. Data can be sent in both directions simultaneously, the maximum

available bandwidth is 200 Mbps, 100 Mbps each way, and there are no other PC’s with which the bandwidth must be shared. 30. Sanjay

Patel Said: March 30th, 2007 1:55 pm 3. HUB and SWITCH: —————— Switch is expencive than hub. If more then one try to send packet at a time collision will occure but in switch we can send. Switch is full duplex. In hub Maximum bandwidth is 100 Mhz and that bandwidth is shared by all of the PC’s connected to the hub. In switch data can be sent in both directions simultaneously, the maximum available bandwidth is 200 Mbps, 100 Mbps each way, and there are no other PC’s with which the bandwidth must be shared.

31. Zahed

Said: March 30th, 2007 2:11 pm Hi, 1.What is differnece between router and routing? 2.What is dynamic routing and Static routing?

32. Sanjay

Patel Said: March 31st, 2007 12:50 pm 1. Difference between Router and Routing: ——————————————Router: ———

Router is a device which is used to connect different network. A device or setup that finds the best route between any two networks, even if there are several networks to traverse. Like bridges, remote sites can be connected using routers over dedicated or switched lines to create WANs. Routing: ———Process of delivering a message across one or more networks via the most appropriate path. 2. Dynamic Routing and Static Routing: —————————————Dynamic routing performs the same function as static routing except it is more robust. Static routing allows routing tables in specific routers to be set up in a static manner so network routes for packets are set. If a router on the route goes down the destination may become unreachable. Dynamic routing allows routing tables in routers to change as the possible routes change. There are several protocols used to dynamic routing including RIP and OSPF 33. william

wood Said: April 9th, 2007 5:32 am The schema is the component of the Active Directory directory service that defines all the objects and attributes that the directory service uses to store data. You can combine some objects in the schema to create more-complex definitions if objects of greater complexity are required. You can also add new

definitions to the schema to new types of objects in the directory. 34. Zahed

Said: April 18th, 2007 1:45 pm Hi, i want to know to total process to migrate from Windows NT server to Windows 2000 server. What are all the process will done when we start server tell me briefly which file work for which process. Thnaks warm Regards, Zahed.

35. om

Said: April 30th, 2007 11:12 am The schema is the component of the Active Directory directory service that defines all the objects and attributes that the directory service uses to store data. You can combine some objects in the schema to create more-complex definitions if objects of greater complexity are required. You can also add new definitions to the schema to new types of objects in the directory.

36. omraj

Said: April 30th, 2007 11:13 am Dynamic routing performs the same function as static routing except it is more robust. Static routing allows

routing tables in specific routers to be set up in a static manner so network routes for packets are set. If a router on the route goes down the destination may become unreachable. Dynamic routing allows routing tables in routers to change as the possible routes change. There are several protocols used to dynamic routing including RIP and OSPF 37. vijay

Said: May 25th, 2007 7:22 am The four domain functional levels are: Windows 2000 Mixed Windows 2000 Native Windows Server 2003 Interim Windows Server 2003 Windows 2000 Mixed When you configure a new Windows Server 2003 domain, the default domain functional level is Windows 2000 mixed. Under this domain functional level, Windows NT, 2000, and 2003 domain controllers are ed. However, certain features such as group nesting, universal groups, and so on are not available. Windows 2000 Native Upgrading the functional level of a domain to Windows 2000 Native should only be done if there are no Windows NT domain controllers remaining on the

network. By upgrading to Windows 2000 Native functional level, additional features become available including: group nesting, universal groups, SIDHistory, and the ability to convert security groups and distribution groups. Windows Server 2003 Interim The third functional level is Windows Server 2003 Interim and it is often used when upgrading from Windows NT to Windows Server 2003. Upgrading to this domain functional level provides for Windows NT and Windows Server 2003 domain controllers. However, like Windows 2000 Mixed, it does not provide new features. Windows Server 2003 The last functional level is Windows Server 2003. This domain functional level only provides for Windows Server 2003 domain controllers. If you want to take advantage of all the features included with Windows Server 2003, you must implement this functional level. One of the most important features introduced at this functional level is the ability to rename domain controllers 38. Annveer

N. Halkood Said: July 29th, 2007 10:58 pm what are the types of name resolution?

how name resolution will take place? what are the Groups? what is DH Relay agent? 39. Thyagu

Said: September 18th, 2007 7:48 pm 1.Active Directory schema is collection of object class and attributes.Eg is an object and its having alot attributes such as first name ,last name etc… It present in only one domain in a forest,schema master is having the ability to update the changes in the Active directory schema. Schema only can access and edit the schema. you cannot see the AD schema when you installed AD (dromo). You need to run the registry file for schema in cmd mode :regsvr32.dll schmmgmt Then you can see the Add -snap in wizard in mmc console ,there you can.. 2.the domain functional level in Windows Server 2003 Domain fuctional level only the windows domain controllers not client level o/s. They are four: windows 2000 mixed(by default) s- win nt,win

2000,win2003. Windows 2000 native- s- win 2000 ,win 2003 Windows 2003 interim- s ->win NT,win 2003 Windows 2003 - s-win 2003 only 3.forest functional level in Windows Server 2003 There are three windows 2000 mixed s- win nt,win 2000,win2003. Windows 2000 native- s- win 2000 ,win 2003 Windows 2003 - s-win 2003 only 4.Global Catalog It is a searchable database Enginee.It is used to search the objects in a forest.In 2003 ,Universal Group caching hip is available for speedy logon across domain. Port no:3268,3269 It is also taking part of AD replication. Sorry guys ,going out now… i wll cont…later 40. Thyagu

Said: September 19th, 2007 5:04 pm 5.How we can raise domain functional & forest functional level in Windows Server 2003? AD s and computers–>domain functional level>choose DFL as per your environment. AD Domain and Trust–>Forest functional level– >choose FFL as would your environment.

Note:once you have change the DFL and FFL,cannot be revert. 6.the deafult protocol used in directory services? LDAP. 8.Already answered 9.What are the physical & logical components of ADS Physical->sites,domain controller Logical ->Forest,domain,tree,ou 10.In which domain functional level, we can rename domain name Windows 2003 dfl,you can rename the domain. Note:Not recommended to rename the domain by Microsoft itself.You need to follow up the proper procedure to prevent the further issue.Renaming is simple,but forecast issue is lot. 11.multi-master replication Whenever a change occurs to any object within an Active Directory domain, that change is replicated automatically to all domain controllers within the domain. This process is called multi-master replication. Multi-master replication does not happen instantly across all servers simultaneously. Rather, it is a controlled process where each domain controller

peer is updated and validated in a logically controlled procedure. 12.Site: Site is one or more IP subnets.It contains connection objects and computer objects and mainly used for AD replication. 13.Dromo, the command used to remove active directory from a domain controler 14.Already answered. 15.Trust is relationship,between forest,domain. 16 NTDS.dit is the file that’s responsible for keep all Active Directory database. I have answered almost question.please let me if my answer is wrong. 41. PREM

Said: September 26th, 2007 7:12 am The schema is the component of the Active Directory directory service that defines all the objects and attributes that the directory service uses to store data. You can combine some objects in the schema to create more-complex definitions if objects of greater complexity are required. You can also add new definitions to the schema to new types of objects in the directory.

42. MAK

Said: October 10th, 2007 3:01 pm What is a default forest functionl level when you install the root domain controller ?

43. Raj

Narayan Said: October 23rd, 2007 9:24 am Hi, Can you pleas answer my query 1.How to Export the Ad data in Excel.Specially Tabs Like (General,,Exchange Advance,Security, of )Without any 3rd party software. 2. Suppose i have deleted any object from Ad but after 2-3 days i want back that object..What is the process to restore the deleted Ad object.

44. Raj

Narayan Said: November 22nd, 2007 4:55 am Hi, Can anyone give me the answer of the mention Questions: 1. Windows server 2008 is actual which version of Windows server ? 2. Explain NAP in Windows Server 2008 3. How 1 can implement IP verison 6 using Windows Server 2008? 4. What are the enhancements in Terminal server which comes with Win2k8 ?

5. Which version of IIS comes with Windows server 2008? 6. What is the new feature included in Windows Server 2008 which can lock entire hard disk drive? 7. How easy it is to combine Windows Server 2008 os with physical networking & security appliances? 8. What are the certifications available for Windows 2008 track? 9. What is M member site and whats advantage of it ? 10. What is TechNet subscription and what indivisual get by subscribing to TechNet? Regards, Raj Narayan

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Describe how the DH lease is obtained. It’s a four-step process consisting of (a) IP request, (b) IP offer, © IP selection and (d) acknowledgement. I can’t seem to access the Internet, don’t have any access to the corporate network and on ipconfig my address is 169.254.*.*. What happened? The 169.254.*.* netmask is assigned to Windows machines running 98/2000/XP if the DH server is not available. The name for the technology is APIPA (Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing). We’ve installed a new Windows-based DH server, however, the s do not seem to be getting DH leases off of it. The server must be authorized first with the Active Directory. How can you force the client to give up the dh lease if you have access to the client PC? ipconfig /release What authentication options do Windows 2000 Servers have for remote clients? PAP, SPAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and EAP. What are the networking protocol options for the Windows clients if for some reason you do not want to use T/IP? NWLink (Novell), NetBEUI, AppleTalk (Apple). What is data link layer in the OSI reference model responsible for? Data link layer is located above the physical layer, but below the network layer.

Taking raw data bits and packaging them into frames. The network layer will be responsible for addressing the frames, while the physical layer is reponsible for retrieving and sending raw data bits. 8. What is binding order? The order by which the network protocols are used for client-server communications. The most frequently used protocols should be at the top. 9. How do cryptography-based keys ensure the validity of data transferred across the network? Each IP packet is assigned a checksum, so if the checksums do not match on both receiving and transmitting ends, the data was modified or corrupted. 10. Should we deploy IPSEC-based security or certificate-based security? They are really two different technologies. IPSec secures the T/IP communication and protects the integrity of the packets. Certificate-based security ensures the validity of authenticated clients and servers. 11. What is LMHOSTS file? It’s a file stored on a host machine that is used to resolve NetBIOS to specific IP addresses. 12. What’s the difference between forward lookup and reverse lookup in DNS? Forward lookup is name-toaddress, the reverse lookup is address-to-name. 13. How can you recover a file encrypted using EFS? Use the domain recovery agent. Categories: Windows, Networking

| Network engineer/architect interview questions Interview questions for network engineer | 6 Responses to “Windows interview questions” 1.

Vadivel Arunachalam Said: February 5th, 2006 5:22 am Hi Question:I have 8 different and 8 difernet DH scope for every network ,i mean for every subnets,but ,when all the subnet starting at one time ,i want to make the 2nd subnet work withthe high prority,i mean the 2nd sunet should get teh IP addressfrom the DH server first?How is it possible? please mail me bak. Thanks and regards vadivel Arunachalam

2.

Murali Krishnan Said: October 11th, 2006 12:56 pm Hi Question:I have 8 different and 8 difernet DH scope for every network ,i mean for every subnets,but ,when all the subnet starting at one time ,i want to make the 2nd subnet work withthe high prority,i mean the 2nd sunet should get teh IP addressfrom the DH server first?How is it possible?

please mail me bak. Thanks and regards 3.

Subramanyam Said: November 7th, 2006 3:46 am Hi Question:I have 8 different and 8 difernet DH scope for every network ,i mean for every subnets,but ,when all the subnet starting at one time ,i want to make the 2nd subnet work withthe high prority,i mean the 2nd sunet should get teh IP addressfrom the DH server first?How is it possible? please mail me bak. Thanks and regards Subramanyam

4.

Jacob Said: August 18th, 2007 12:06 am I have a printer (dh enabled) . there are 2 dh servers both are running . When the printer is switched on Which DH server will it get the ip from . Can it be configured to always use one specific DH server

5.

shankar k Said: October 6th, 2007 1:01 am what is diffrence between normal IDE disk and RAID disk ?

6.

Nixon Said: October 8th, 2007 3:56 am Hi, How i can configured and troubleshoot DH server for mulipltle network and large domain environment

Windows sys interview questions 1. What is Active Directory schema? 2. What are the domain functional level in Windows Server 2003? 3. What are the forest functional level in Windows Server 2003? 4. What is global catalog server? 5. How we can raise domain functional & forest functional level in Windows Server 2003? 6. Which is the deafult protocol used in directory services? 7. What is IPv6? 8. What is the default domain functional level in Windows Server 2003? 9. What are the physical & logical components of ADS 10. In which domain functional level, we can rename domain name? 11. What is multimaster replication? 12. What is a site? 13. Which is the command used to remove active directory from a domain controler?

14. How we can create console, which contain schema? 15. What is trust? 16. What is the file that’s responsible for keep all Active Directory database? Categories: Windows, Networking | SQA and testing frequently asked definitions Oracle on Linux/Unix questions | 44 Responses to “Windows sys interview questions” 1.

Aneesh Said: March 29th, 2006 11:49 pm The Active Directory schema contains formal definitions of every object class that can be created in an Active Directory forest it also contains formal definitions of every attribute that can exist in an Active Directory object.Active Directory stores and retrieves information from a wide variety of applications and services. So that it can store and replicate data from a potentially infinite variety of sources, Active Directory standardizes how data is stored in the directory. By standardizing how data is stored, the directory service can retrieve, update, and replicate data while ensuring that the integrity of the data is maintained.

2.

kiran Said: May 15th, 2006 11:46 pm

1) Schema master is a set of rules which is used to define the struture of active directory. It contains definitions of all the objects which are stored in AD. It maintains information and detail information of objects. 2) If there are many organisational units and to implement policy on all OUś we use Domain level policy. 3) 4) Global Catalog Server maintains full information about its own domain and partial information about other domains. It is a forest wide role. 12) Sites: one or more well-connected highly reliable and fast T/IP subnets. A site allows to configure active directory access and replication topology to take advantage of the physical network. 13) dromo to add/remove active directory but first ADC should be removed before DC if we want to remove DC first then check this server is last domain controller in domain. 16) I think the answer for this is schema master. 3.

Pinkesh Said: June 3rd, 2006 8:00 am Can you explain us briefly Archeitecture of Windows 2000/2003?

4.

Pinkesh Said: June 3rd, 2006 8:01 am What are main differences in Windows NT and Windows 2000 Archeitecture ?

5.

Muniraj Said: June 24th, 2006 2:41 am HI I was just googling for Interview FAQ’s i got this URL as first choice it is really dream come true situation for me because readily all possible question’s and answers are given. Please send me if u have any FAQ on Exchnage Related. Thanx and regards Muniraj

6.

shaik Said: June 29th, 2006 2:31 am HI I was just googling for Interview FAQ’s i got this URL as first choice it is really dream come true situation for me because readily all possible question’s and answers are given. Please send me if u have any FAQ on Exchnage Related. Thanx and regards

shaik 7.

SUVENDU Said: August 15th, 2006 11:08 pm 4.What is global catalog server? A global catalog server is a domain controller it is a master searchable database that contains information about every object in every domain in a forest. The global catalog contains a complete replica of all objects in Active Directory for its host domain, and contains a partial replica of all objects in Active Directory for every other domain in the forest. It have two important functions: i)Provides group hip information during logon and authentication ii)Helps s locate resources in Active Directory

8.

SUVENDU Said: August 15th, 2006 11:08 pm 4.What is global catalog server? A global catalog server is a domain controller it is a master searchable database that contains information about every object in every domain in a forest. The global catalog contains a complete replica of all objects in Active Directory for its host domain, and contains a partial replica

of all objects in Active Directory for every other domain in the forest. It have two important functions: i)Provides group hip information during logon and authentication ii)Helps s locate resources in Active Directory 9.

SUVENDU Said: August 15th, 2006 11:11 pm 13 Which is the command used to remove active directory from a domain controler? ANS ” DROMO ” in command prompt

10. SUVENDU

Said: August 15th, 2006 11:29 pm 10. In which domain functional level, we can rename domain name? All domain controllers must be running Windows Server 2003, and the Active Directory functional level must be at the Windows Server 2003. Yes u can rename the domain in windows server 2003

11. irfan

Said: September 1st, 2006 1:19 am (s) are complaining of delays when using the network. What would you do?

12. shaik

Said: September 3rd, 2006 12:24 pm

hi 15.NTDS.DIT 14. we have to open the to see the schema master fsmo role regser 32 schmamgmt. 9.Physical computers,sites,dc Logical ,o.us, etc…. 6.Light wait directory Access Protocal (ldap) 5. What ever changes done in D.c(domain Controlers) will effect at A.D we can call it as multimaster . 13. Kumar

Ken Said: September 13th, 2006 3:53 pm Hi 15. To allow s in one domain to access resources in another, AD uses trust. Trust is automatically produced when domains are created. The forest sets the default boundaries of trust, not the domain, and implicit trust is automatic. As well as two-way transitive trust, AD trusts can be shortcut (s two domains in different trees, transitive, one- or twoway), forest (transitive, one- or two-way), realm (transitive or nontransitive, one- or two-way), or external (nontransitive, one- or two-way) in order to connect to other forests or non-AD domains. AD uses the Kerberos V5 protocol, although NTLM is also ed and web clients use SSL/TLS.

11.Multi-master replication is a method of replication employed by databases to transfer data or changes to data across multiple computers within a group. Multimaster replication can be contrasted with a masterslave method (also known as single-master replication). 7.Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is a network layer IP standard used by electronic devices to exchange data across a packet-switched internetwork. It follows IPv4 as the second version of the Internet Protocol to be formally adopted for general use. 14. hongsinh

Said: September 19th, 2006 3:00 am What are the domain functional level in Windows Server 2003?

15. Sarith

Said: September 22nd, 2006 3:26 am Please check this link :) this will help you h**p://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsServer/en/libr ary/b3674c9b-fab9-4c1e-a8f67871264712711033.mspx?mfr=true

16. Naresh

Nimmagadda Said: October 13th, 2006 9:06 am ip v6 it ia a 128 bit size address here we can see total 8 ocatates each octate size is 16

bits superated with “:” it is in hexa decimal formate these 3 types 1.unicast address 2.multicast address 3.anycast address loopback address of ip v6 is ::1 17. Ramanand

Said: November 27th, 2006 5:00 am What is mean by dns,dh.? what is maen different between hub and switch ? what is meam by brodcast id? what is mean by loop back id? what is mean by schema ? what is mean by master searchable directory

18. Srikanth

Said: December 8th, 2006 6:08 am 10. In which domain functional level, we can rename domain name? The System Properties dialog box can also be used to rename a domain controller, and it does not require the functional level to be raised to Windows Server 2003.

19. Renga

Raju Said: December 13th, 2006 11:43 pm 1.What is Rsop ? Resultant set of policy is provid to make policy

modification and trouble shooting easier. Rsop is the query object it has two mode 1.logging mode: Polls existing policies and the reports the result of the query. 2.Planning mode: The questins ask about the planned policy and the report the result of the quer. 2.What is the concept for authoritative and nonauthoritative restoration? 1. Non-authoriative restore: which accept the entries from other domain controller after the restoed data. 2.Authoritative: Not accept the entries from other domain controller. 3.What is the ntds.tit file default size? 40 mb 20. niraj

Said: December 14th, 2006 5:28 am 13 Which is the command used to remove active directory from a domain controler? ANS i think ” DROMO ” in command prompt . 11.What is multimaster replication? Ans. It is also known as single-master replication. Multi-master replication is a method of replication employed by databases to transfer data or changes to data across multiple computers within a group. Multimaster replication can be contrasted with a masterslave method.

21. Sachin

Said: February 19th, 2007 6:54 am

What is Multimaster replication? In addition to storing primary zone information in Dns we can also store it in active directory as active directory object.This integrates Dns with active directory in order to take advantage of active directory features The benefits are 1 zone can be modified from any domain controller within the domain and this information is automatically updated or replicated to all the other domain controllers along with the active directory replication.This replication is said to be multimaster replication. 2.We no longer face the standard dns server drawbacks. In standard dns server only the primary server can modify the zone and then replicate the changes to other domain controllers(It was in windows NT4 before). But when Dns gets integrated with AD .Zone can be modified and replicated from any domain controller. 3.Fault tolerance 4.Security You can prevent access to any updates to zone or individual record preventing insecure dynamic updates.

22. Unnikrishnan

Said: February 24th, 2007 7:08 am 13 Which is the command used to remove active directory from a domain controler? ANS : DROMO

23. Unnikrishnan

Said: February 24th, 2007 7:10 am 11 What is multimaster replication? The two technologies in DFS are as follows: DFS Replication. New state-based, multimaster replication engine that is optimized for WAN environments. DFS Replication s replication scheduling, bandwidth throttling, and a new byte-level compression algorithm known as remote differential compression (RDC). DFS Namespaces. Technology that helps s group shared folders located on different servers and present them to s as a virtual tree of folders known as a namespace. DFS Namespaces was formerly known as Distributed File System in Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003.

24. pavan

Said: February 28th, 2007 2:39 pm

hi 1)What is system boot process in windows and linux. 2)how the hardware interact with OS. 3)what is paging. Thanks 25. Salman

MW Said: March 7th, 2007 3:56 pm 8. The default domain functional level in Windows Server 2003 is “Windows 2000 Mixed” 10. We can rename domain name in “Windows Server 2003″ functional level

26. William

Wood Said: March 13th, 2007 4:59 am 16. NTDS.dit

27. jagjit

singh Said: March 26th, 2007 11:16 am for removing active directory the command line is dromo /forceremoval

28. Sanjay

Patel Said: March 30th, 2007 1:24 pm Removing Active Directory: 1. If we want to remove Active Directory then we will use command……

DROMO 2. If some one deleted parent domain and we want to remove from child domain then we will use command… DROMO /FORCEREMOVAL Note: - we should not remove parent domain first. we should start from bottom means child domain and after that it’s parent and so on. 29. Sanjay

Patel Said: March 30th, 2007 1:53 pm 1. DNS(Domain Name Service): —————————It’s mainly used to resolve from host name(FQDNFully Qualified Domain Name) to IP address and IP address to host name.DNS mainly used in Internet. DNS devide in form of hierarchical. 2. DH(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): ——————————————— DH use for provide IP address dnamically to client machine. If that client not able to find DH server then client machine will go for APIPA(We have range for APIPA which is 169.254.0.1-169.254.255.254). 3. HUB and SWITCH: —————— Switch is expencive than hub. If more then one try to send packet at a time collision will occure but in switch we can send. Switch is full duplex. Maximum bandwidth is 100 Mhz and that bandwidth is shared by

all of the PC’s connected to the hub. Data can be sent in both directions simultaneously, the maximum available bandwidth is 200 Mbps, 100 Mbps each way, and there are no other PC’s with which the bandwidth must be shared. 30. Sanjay

Patel Said: March 30th, 2007 1:55 pm 3. HUB and SWITCH: —————— Switch is expencive than hub. If more then one try to send packet at a time collision will occure but in switch we can send. Switch is full duplex. In hub Maximum bandwidth is 100 Mhz and that bandwidth is shared by all of the PC’s connected to the hub. In switch data can be sent in both directions simultaneously, the maximum available bandwidth is 200 Mbps, 100 Mbps each way, and there are no other PC’s with which the bandwidth must be shared.

31. Zahed

Said: March 30th, 2007 2:11 pm Hi, 1.What is differnece between router and routing? 2.What is dynamic routing and Static routing?

32. Sanjay

Patel Said: March 31st, 2007 12:50 pm 1. Difference between Router and Routing: ——————————————-

Router: ——— Router is a device which is used to connect different network. A device or setup that finds the best route between any two networks, even if there are several networks to traverse. Like bridges, remote sites can be connected using routers over dedicated or switched lines to create WANs. Routing: ———Process of delivering a message across one or more networks via the most appropriate path. 2. Dynamic Routing and Static Routing: —————————————Dynamic routing performs the same function as static routing except it is more robust. Static routing allows routing tables in specific routers to be set up in a static manner so network routes for packets are set. If a router on the route goes down the destination may become unreachable. Dynamic routing allows routing tables in routers to change as the possible routes change. There are several protocols used to dynamic routing including RIP and OSPF 33. william

wood Said: April 9th, 2007 5:32 am The schema is the component of the Active Directory directory service that defines all the objects and attributes that the directory service uses to store data. You can combine some objects in the schema to create

more-complex definitions if objects of greater complexity are required. You can also add new definitions to the schema to new types of objects in the directory. 34. Zahed

Said: April 18th, 2007 1:45 pm Hi, i want to know to total process to migrate from Windows NT server to Windows 2000 server. What are all the process will done when we start server tell me briefly which file work for which process. Thnaks warm Regards, Zahed.

35. om

Said: April 30th, 2007 11:12 am The schema is the component of the Active Directory directory service that defines all the objects and attributes that the directory service uses to store data. You can combine some objects in the schema to create more-complex definitions if objects of greater complexity are required. You can also add new definitions to the schema to new types of objects in the directory.

36. omraj

Said: April 30th, 2007 11:13 am

Dynamic routing performs the same function as static routing except it is more robust. Static routing allows routing tables in specific routers to be set up in a static manner so network routes for packets are set. If a router on the route goes down the destination may become unreachable. Dynamic routing allows routing tables in routers to change as the possible routes change. There are several protocols used to dynamic routing including RIP and OSPF 37. vijay

Said: May 25th, 2007 7:22 am The four domain functional levels are: Windows 2000 Mixed Windows 2000 Native Windows Server 2003 Interim Windows Server 2003 Windows 2000 Mixed When you configure a new Windows Server 2003 domain, the default domain functional level is Windows 2000 mixed. Under this domain functional level, Windows NT, 2000, and 2003 domain controllers are ed. However, certain features such as group nesting, universal groups, and so on are not available. Windows 2000 Native Upgrading the functional level of a domain to

Windows 2000 Native should only be done if there are no Windows NT domain controllers remaining on the network. By upgrading to Windows 2000 Native functional level, additional features become available including: group nesting, universal groups, SIDHistory, and the ability to convert security groups and distribution groups. Windows Server 2003 Interim The third functional level is Windows Server 2003 Interim and it is often used when upgrading from Windows NT to Windows Server 2003. Upgrading to this domain functional level provides for Windows NT and Windows Server 2003 domain controllers. However, like Windows 2000 Mixed, it does not provide new features. Windows Server 2003 The last functional level is Windows Server 2003. This domain functional level only provides for Windows Server 2003 domain controllers. If you want to take advantage of all the features included with Windows Server 2003, you must implement this functional level. One of the most important features introduced at this functional level is the ability to rename domain controllers 38. Annveer

N. Halkood Said: July 29th, 2007 10:58 pm

what are the types of name resolution? how name resolution will take place? what are the Groups? what is DH Relay agent? 39. Thyagu

Said: September 18th, 2007 7:48 pm 1.Active Directory schema is collection of object class and attributes.Eg is an object and its having alot attributes such as first name ,last name etc… It present in only one domain in a forest,schema master is having the ability to update the changes in the Active directory schema. Schema only can access and edit the schema. you cannot see the AD schema when you installed AD (dromo). You need to run the registry file for schema in cmd mode :regsvr32.dll schmmgmt Then you can see the Add -snap in wizard in mmc console ,there you can.. 2.the domain functional level in Windows Server 2003 Domain fuctional level only the windows domain controllers not client level o/s.

They are four: windows 2000 mixed(by default) s- win nt,win 2000,win2003. Windows 2000 native- s- win 2000 ,win 2003 Windows 2003 interim- s ->win NT,win 2003 Windows 2003 - s-win 2003 only 3.forest functional level in Windows Server 2003 There are three windows 2000 mixed s- win nt,win 2000,win2003. Windows 2000 native- s- win 2000 ,win 2003 Windows 2003 - s-win 2003 only 4.Global Catalog It is a searchable database Enginee.It is used to search the objects in a forest.In 2003 ,Universal Group caching hip is available for speedy logon across domain. Port no:3268,3269 It is also taking part of AD replication. Sorry guys ,going out now… i wll cont…later 40. Thyagu

Said: September 19th, 2007 5:04 pm 5.How we can raise domain functional & forest functional level in Windows Server 2003? AD s and computers–>domain functional level>choose DFL as per your environment.

AD Domain and Trust–>Forest functional level– >choose FFL as would your environment. Note:once you have change the DFL and FFL,cannot be revert. 6.the deafult protocol used in directory services? LDAP. 8.Already answered 9.What are the physical & logical components of ADS Physical->sites,domain controller Logical ->Forest,domain,tree,ou 10.In which domain functional level, we can rename domain name Windows 2003 dfl,you can rename the domain. Note:Not recommended to rename the domain by Microsoft itself.You need to follow up the proper procedure to prevent the further issue.Renaming is simple,but forecast issue is lot. 11.multi-master replication Whenever a change occurs to any object within an Active Directory domain, that change is replicated automatically to all domain controllers within the domain. This process is called multi-master replication. Multi-master replication does not happen

instantly across all servers simultaneously. Rather, it is a controlled process where each domain controller peer is updated and validated in a logically controlled procedure. 12.Site: Site is one or more IP subnets.It contains connection objects and computer objects and mainly used for AD replication. 13.Dromo, the command used to remove active directory from a domain controler 14.Already answered. 15.Trust is relationship,between forest,domain. 16 NTDS.dit is the file that’s responsible for keep all Active Directory database. I have answered almost question.please let me if my answer is wrong. 41. PREM

Said: September 26th, 2007 7:12 am The schema is the component of the Active Directory directory service that defines all the objects and attributes that the directory service uses to store data. You can combine some objects in the schema to create more-complex definitions if objects of greater complexity are required. You can also add new

definitions to the schema to new types of objects in the directory. 42. MAK

Said: October 10th, 2007 3:01 pm What is a default forest functionl level when you install the root domain controller ?

43. Raj

Narayan Said: October 23rd, 2007 9:24 am Hi, Can you pleas answer my query 1.How to Export the Ad data in Excel.Specially Tabs Like (General,,Exchange Advance,Security, of )Without any 3rd party software. 2. Suppose i have deleted any object from Ad but after 2-3 days i want back that object..What is the process to restore the deleted Ad object.

44. Raj

Narayan Said: November 22nd, 2007 4:55 am Hi, Can anyone give me the answer of the mention Questions: 1. Windows server 2008 is actual which version of Windows server ? 2. Explain NAP in Windows Server 2008 3. How 1 can implement IP verison 6 using Windows

Server 2008? 4. What are the enhancements in Terminal server which comes with Win2k8 ? 5. Which version of IIS comes with Windows server 2008? 6. What is the new feature included in Windows Server 2008 which can lock entire hard disk drive? 7. How easy it is to combine Windows Server 2008 os with physical networking & security appliances? 8. What are the certifications available for Windows 2008 track? 9. What is M member site and whats advantage of it ? 10. What is TechNet subscription and what indivisual get by subscribing to TechNet? Regards, Raj Narayan

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies OS interview questions 1. What is MUTEX ?

2. What isthe difference between a ‘thread’ and a ‘process’? 3. What is INODE? 4. Explain the working of Virtual Memory. 5. How does Windows NT s Multitasking? 6. Explain the Unix Kernel. 7. What is Concurrency? Expain with example Deadlock and Starvation. 8. What are your solution strategies for “Dining Philosophers Problem” ? 9. Explain Memory Partitioning, Paging, Segmentation. 10. Explain Scheduling. 11. Operating System Security. 12. What is Semaphore? 13. Explain the following file systems : NTFS, Macintosh(HPFS), FAT . 14. What are the different process states? 15. What is Marshalling? 16. Define and explain COM? 17. What is Marshalling? 18. Difference - Loading and Linking ? Categories: Unix/Linux, Windows, General | Typical interview questions Network engineer interview questions | 32 Responses to “OS interview questions” 1.

Nikesh Gupta Said: October 18th, 2005 4:12 am

Q1. What is mutex? Ans: - Mutex is a program object that allows multiple program threads to share the same resource, such as file access, but not simultaneously. When a program is started a mutex is created woth a unique name. After this stage, any thread that needs the resource must lock the mutex from other threads while it is using the resource. the mutex is set to unlock when the data is no longer needed or the routine is finished. 2.

Nikesh Gupta Said: October 18th, 2005 4:18 am Q2. What isthe difference between a ‘thread’ and a ‘process’? Ans. A process is a collection of virtual memory space, code, data, and system resources. A thread is code that is to be serially executed within a process. A processor executes threads, not processes, so each application has at least one process, and a process always has at least one thread of execution, known as the primary thread. A process can have multiple threads in addition to the primary thread. Prior to the introduction of multiple threads of execution, applications were all designed to run on a single thread of execution. When a thread begins to execute, it continues until it is killed or until it is interrupted by a thread with higher priority (by a action or the kernel’s thread

scheduler). Each thread can run separate sections of code, or multiple threads can execute the same section of code. Threads executing the same block of code maintain separate stacks. Each thread in a process shares that process’s global variables and resources. 3.

daniel Said: October 25th, 2005 6:37 am What isthe difference between ‘convenient’ and ‘efficient’?

4.

Naveen Said: November 7th, 2005 8:05 pm Q12: What is Semaphore? Ans: Locking Mechanism used inside resource mangers and resourse dispensers.

5.

Naveen Said: November 7th, 2005 8:10 pm 15Q: What is Marshalling? Ans: The process of packaging and sending interface method parameters across thread or process boundaries.

6.

Naveen Said: November 7th, 2005 8:26 pm Q16:Define and Explain COM? Ans: COM is a specification(Standards). COM has two aspects

a: COM specifications provide a definition for what object is b: COM provides services or blue prints for creation of object and comminication between client and server. COM is loaded when the first object of the component is created. 7.

elumalai Said: January 27th, 2006 8:36 am #14.A process may be in anyone of the following states 1.NEW 2.READY 3.WAIT 4.RUNNING 5.TERMINATE

8.

Shrinidhi Karanth Said: March 4th, 2006 1:09 am Answer to Question: What isthe difference between ‘convenient’ and ‘efficient’? Answer: Convenient programming is the way of programming using the available resources like Library APIs, Macros etc without caring for efficiency. Let me explain this with an example. Suppose we need to convert a character into an upper case, only if the

character is an alphabet in lower case. A convinient way of achieving this is as follows if( isalpha(ch) ) { ch = toupper(ch); } However, the overhead with this is as follows 1. Involves the use of ctype.h library and 2. Takes high MIPS (million instructions per second) since it involves function calls. An efficient way to this is as follows if( ‘a’ 9.

manas Said: March 12th, 2006 11:33 pm hi I need all the details on UNIX operating system interview questions. kindly send me, for which I will be greatful to you. Thanking you.

10. Jane

Ping Said: April 7th, 2006 4:38 pm Can someone share some inforamation about Unix interview preparision? like what kind of books which website is better?

11. CC

Said: August 27th, 2006 8:09 pm Other questions for UNIX / Linux at major internet company: What port is SSH? What port is DNS? Is it UDP or T? What does it mean to “setuid”?

12. Gautam.N.Pai

Said: October 12th, 2006 6:52 am Answer to Question 3 Data structures that contain information about the files that are created when unix file systems are created.Each file has an i-node & is identified by an inode number(i-number) in the file system where it resides.inode provides important information on files such as group ownership, mode(read,write,execute permissions).

13. vimalan.m

Said: November 3rd, 2006 8:26 am hi, I need ans 4 all these question. 1.What is the main differents b/w vx-works and liunux os? 2.how to interface 8051 microcontroller with 2 mb ram? 4.What is gobel variable in c?

14. pablo

Costa Said: November 11th, 2006 2:24 am # elumalai said, #14.A process may be in anyone of the following states 1.NEW 2.READY 3.WAIT 4.RUNNING 5.TERMINATE # –> TERMINATE is not a state, if the process “TERMINATE” it even exists

15. Mamtha

Said: November 13th, 2006 7:29 pm What is the difference between a MUTEX and a binary semaphore?

16. Satyanarayana

Said: December 21st, 2006 9:21 am 1.What is the main differents b/w vx-works and liunux os? Ans) Vx-works is real time operation system LINUX is general OS , also can be confugured for RTOS

4.What is gobel variable in c? Ans) Any variable declared out side the function is global variable. Static global variables scope is limited to file. 17. Raj

Said: January 14th, 2007 2:54 pm VxWorks is embedded OS while Linux OS is gereric OS, main difference is as : 1. If change the sceduling of one process from A to B then the others task have no effect in linux but in VxWorks all task’s scheduling change to B, i.e. in VxWorks all the task have same scheduling but in linux it can different. In Vxworks you can access any memory location(should be exist), but in linux you can access only the segment which have allocated for that process.

18. afenz

Said: January 22nd, 2007 10:37 pm can you explain how process are managed on WindowsTMXP/UNIX Hint: WindowsTMXP (ctrl+alt+del), UNIX (ps, kill, nice, bg, fg)

19. Ratheesh

Said: February 18th, 2007 11:28 pm

marshelling. The process of gathering data and transforming it into a standard format before it is transmitted over a network so that the data can transcend network boundaries. In order for an object to be moved around a network, it must be converted into a data stream that corresponds with the packet structure of the network transfer protocol. This conversion is known as data marshalling. Data pieces are collected in a message buffer before they are marshaled. When the data is transmitted, the receiving computer converts the marshaled data back into an object. 20. Ratheesh

Said: February 18th, 2007 11:33 pm hi mamtha, A mutex is owned by a thread/process. So once a thread locks it, then other threads/processes will either spin or block on the mutex. Whereas, semaphore allows one or more threads/processes to share the resource.

21. snark

Said: February 28th, 2007 1:57 am difference between linking and loading: Linking: Resolving unresolved references to code. Loading: Actually loading program to memory (allocating addresses to segments).

22. Prasad

Talekar Said: March 23rd, 2007 4:42 am What is Mutex Object? Ans:- A mutex object is a synchronization object whose state is set to signaled when it is not owned by any thread, and non-signaled when it is owned. For example, to prevent two threads from writing to shared memory at the same time, each thread waits for ownership of a mutex object before executing the code that accesses the memory. After writing to the shared memory, the thread releases the mutex object.

23. Prasad

Talekar Said: March 23rd, 2007 4:43 am What is semaphore? Ans:- A semaphore object is a synchronization object that maintains a count between zero and a specified maximum value. The count is decremented each time a thread completes a wait for the semaphore object and incremented each time a thread releases the semaphore. When the count reaches zero, no more threads can successfully wait for the semaphore object state to become signaled. The state of a semaphore is set to signaled when its count is greater than zero, and non-signaled when its count is zero. The semaphore object is useful in controlling a shared resource that can a limited number of s. It acts as a gate that limits the number of threads sharing the resource to a specified maximum number.

24. Dex

Said: April 2nd, 2007 6:49 am I have came through an Example explaining Mutex and Semaphore Mutex: 1. Serial access one toilet is available with a Key for it.one guy will have the key and will use the toilet, so making others to wait for access.once done, he gives the key to the other 2. Mutex is semaphore of value 1 Semaphores: 1. N resources access say for example 4 toilets are there; each has a common key for the toliets available.at the start semaphore value set to 4(4 toilets are free), once any gets in ; semaphore decrements the value; once done he will increment saying it ; it’s FREE…

25. What

is Mutex and Semaphore...??? Said: May 8th, 2007 2:18 am Mutex : Mutex is the synchronized object used to achive serialized resource access i.e. one by one to single resource. eg : In an interview, only one person can interview a candidate, after his completion one more person will come & interview the same candidate.

Semaphore: Semaphore is the synchronized object used to achive serialized resource access i.e. one by one to the N number of resource. eg : In an interview, one person is interview 2 or more candidates sewuentially, after his completion one more person will come & interview the same candidates. 26. sheikhsikkandar

Said: June 7th, 2007 3:55 am What is INODE? ans:It contains information about UNIX file system.ie when the file can be created and also gives the owership of the file,and permission level.inode number (i-number) is reside over the files,it can be found using the command ls-l

27. sheethal

Gunjal Said: June 24th, 2007 3:49 am Waht is the difference b/w shared memory & message queues ? I know few differences.Can anyone tell me few more? 1.System call overhead in case of message queue. 2.Shared memory is fastest IPC mechanism, since it doesn’t involve any system call as it is done in space. 3.once data read from message queue, the data is gone

in case os message queue whereas in shared memory, tha data will be there. 28. Krishna

Pradeep Said: June 25th, 2007 4:20 pm What is the difference between a MUTEX and a binary semaphore? Ans: A binary Semaphore and mutex are one and the same.A binary semaphore has different types like counting semaphore,binary semaphore.Let me put in this way a mutex is a semaphore with count as 1 that means synchronization is achived to process/thread for the resource in one by one manner

29. Krishna

Pradeep Said: June 26th, 2007 12:37 pm The difference between an ordinary binary semaphore and a mutex semaphore is in the way the semaphore is initialized. For an ordinary binary semaphore, a task attempting to synchronize to an external event creates an empty semaphore. When it reaches the point to be synchronized, it attempts to take a semaphore. If unavailable, it waits at this point. A second task which controls the synchronization event gives the semaphore when it is no longer needed. The first task receives notification that the semaphore is available and proceeds. For a mutex semaphore, a task wishing to block other tasks from a resouce first creates a full semaphore, and

then takes the semaphore, making it unavailable to other tasks. When it is no longer needed, it the task gives the semaphore, making the resource available. A mutual exclusion semaphore must have matching “takes” and “gives”. 30. sarthak

jain Said: July 20th, 2007 10:18 am @mamtha ques what is the diff between a mutex and a binary semaphore? Ans : Mutex and binary semaphore(semaphore with value 1) are exactly one and the same thing.

31. dinesh

Said: August 12th, 2007 10:29 am mutex and binary semaphore are not the same. When a mutex is locked by a thread, the same thread has to release it; it cannot be released by other thread. When a binary semaphore is locked, the other thread can release it and then lock it again.

32. bibek4u

Said: October 9th, 2007 9:05 am Mutual-exclusion semaphores can be taken recursively. This means that the semaphore can be taken more than once by the task that holds it before finally being released.

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Basic shell scripting questions 1. 2.

How do you find out what’s your shell? - echo $SHELL What’s the command to find out today’s date? date

What’s the command to find out s on the system? - who 4. How do you find out the current directory you’re in? - pwd 5. How do you remove a file? - rm 6. How do you remove a - rm -rf 7. How do you find out your own name? - whoami 8. How do you send a mail message to somebody? mail [email protected]‘ 9. How do you count words, lines and characters in a file? - wc 10. How do you search for a string inside a given file? grep string filename 11. How do you search for a string inside a directory? grep string * 12. How do you search for a string in a directory with the subdirectories recursed? - grep -r string * 13. What are PIDs? - They are process IDs given to processes. A PID can vary from 0 to 65535. 14. How do you list currently running process? - ps 15. How do you stop a process? - kill pid 16. How do you find out about all running processes? ps -ag 17. How do you stop all the processes, except the shell window? - kill 0 18. How do you fire a process in the background? ./process-name & 19. How do you refer to the arguments ed to a shell script? - $1, $2 and so on. $0 is your script name. 3.

20. What’s

the conditional statement in shell scripting? - if {condition} then … fi 21. How do you do number comparison in shell scripts? - -eq, -ne, -lt, -le, -gt, -ge 22. How do you test for file properties in shell scripts? - -s filename tells you if the file is not empty, -f filename tells you whether the argument is a file, and not a directory, -d filename tests if the argument is a directory, and not a file, -w filename tests for writeability, -r filename tests for readability, -x filename tests for executability 23. How do you do Boolean logic operators in shell scripting? - ! tests for logical not, -a tests for logical and, and -o tests for logical or. 24. How do you find out the number of arguments ed to the shell script? - $# 25. What’s a way to do multilevel if-else’s in shell scripting? - if {condition} then {statement} elif {condition} {statement} fi 26. How do you write a for loop in shell? - for {variable name} in {list} do {statement} done 27. How do you write a while loop in shell? - while {condition} do {statement} done 28. How does a case statement look in shell scripts? case {variable} in {possible-value-1}) {statement};; {possible-value-2}) {statement};; esac 29. How do you read keyboard input in shell scripts? read {variable-name} 30. How do you define a function in a shell script? function-name() { #some code here return }

31. How

does getopts command work? - The parameters to your script can be ed as -n 15 -x 20. Inside the script, you can iterate through the getopts array as while getopts n:x option, and the variable $option contains the value of the entered option.

Categories: Unix/Linux | MySQL management interview questions 71 basic SQA / testing interview questions | 4 Responses to “Basic shell scripting questions” 1.

Rajkumar Said: July 31st, 2007 11:22 pm 12)How do you search for a string in a directory with the subdirectories recursed? if not linux use the below command find / |xargs grep “string”

2.

Eswara moorthy Said: August 10th, 2007 5:37 pm How do u find the process ID for all services?? pgrep eg:pgrep mysql

3.

teacher Said: August 17th, 2007 1:18 pm

1) There are many shell scripting languages based on the shell being used. 2) Syntax for the scripting is based on the shell. 3) The syntax above would work for Bourne shell but many would not work for the “C” shell “csh”. 4.

Shiv Said: October 26th, 2007 12:41 pm find ./ -exec grep “string” {} \;

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Interview questions for network engineer 1. Describe the OSI model. 2. What is the difference between a repeater, bridge, router? Relate this to the OSI model. 3. Describe an Ethernet switch and where it fits into the OSI model. 4. What is a VLAN? What is an ELAN? What is the difference? 5. Relate FDDI/ATM/SONET to the OSI model. 6. Explain how to configure a host network interface (e.g. IP address, netmask, broadcast address)? 7. Describe Ethernet packet contents: min/max size, header. 8. Describe T/IP and its protocols. 9. Describe ATM and what are its current advantages and disadvantages.

10. Describe SONET. 11. What are the maximum distances for CAT5 cabling? 12. Describe UDP and T and the differences between the two. 13. What is your current IP address? Hoiw do you find that out on different OSs? 14. Describe what a broadcast storm is. 15. Describe what a runt, a giant, and a late collision are and what causes each of them. 16. How do you distinguish a DNS problem from a network problem? 17. Describe the Bandwidth Delay problem. 18. Describe the principle of multi-layer switching. 19. Describe the purpose and basic functionality of things like HSRP, VRRP etc. Categories: Networking | Windows interview questions QA engineer interview questions | 13 Responses to “Interview questions for network engineer” 1.

Anonymous Said: October 14th, 2004 4:47 am Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference model developed by ISO (International Organization for Standardization) in 1984, as a conceptual framework of standards for communication

in the network across different equipment and applications by different vendors. It is now considered the primary architectural model for inter-computing and internetworking communications. Communication process has been divided into 7 layers. 1.physical 2.Datalink 3.network 4.transport 5.session 6.presentation 7.application In all the above layers differnt works are performed according to the work divided among these layers. 2.

Ganesh Vasudevan Said: October 29th, 2004 8:19 am #9 ATM is the short form for Asynchonous Transfer Mode. Currently ATM is used in places where we require high speed data transfer. The ATM is a technology of sending and recieving the packets and so it requires carriers such as SONET/SDH etc. The packet size of the ATM packet is fixed and is 53 bytes. Advantages **********

1. As the packet size is fixed switching can be implemented in Hardware and so it is very fast. 2. The packet size small and constant so the latency is too small so that it can real time data transfer. 3. The ATM s Quality of Service (QOS). Disadvantages. ************* 1. The packet size is too small and if u take the additional header that is attached then it will be huge. So the header size to the actual data send is less and so overhead is too much. 2. End to end is not ATM and so we still require ATM adapters and other equipments. Regards Ganesh Vasudevan 3.

Hala Widaa Salim Said: June 29th, 2005 4:55 am #2 Repeaters, bridges, and routers are devices used to link individual LANs together to form larger internetworks. each one operates within a specific layer of the OSI model. Repeaters operate at the Physical Layer of the OSI model. They simply listen to all network traffic on one port and send it back out through one or more ports, extending smaller networks into a larger, single network. A repeater simply receives frames,

regenerates them, and es them along. It performs no processing of the frames or the data they contain. Relation to OSI Layer Functions Because repeaters operate at the Physical Layer, they do not need any addressing data from the frame. Repeaters do not even look at the frames they are forwarding, ing along even damaged frames. This can be especially problematic if one segment malfunctions and begins a broadcast storm. All those erroneous broadcasts are forwarded faithfully by the repeater! Bridges operate at the Data Link Layer. They use the Data Link Layer and its physical addressing to several networks into a single network efficiently. Bridges two or more network segments together, forming a larger individual network. They function similarly to a repeater, except a bridge looks to see whether data it receives is destined for the same segment or another connected segment. If the data is destined for a computer on the same segment, the bridge does not it along. If that data is going to a computer on another segment, the bridge sends it along. Bridges use a routing table to determine whether data is destined for the local network or not. On a bridge, the routing table contains MAC addresses. Each time the bridge receives data, it looks in its routing table to see whether or not the data is destined for a node on the local network. If it belongs to the local network, it

does not forward the data. If it is not destined for the local network, it looks in the routing table to determine which physical network the destination address resides on, and sends the data out onto that network. Bridges can not dissimilar networks. If you have an Ethernet network and a Token Ring network, you cannot use a bridge; you must use a router. However, a bridge can networks that use the same frame type but different media, just like a repeater. Relation to OSI Layer Functions Bridges work with the MAC sublayer of the Data Link Layer. that the Data Link Layer is concerned with communicating on the local network only. Bridges use information from the MAC sublayer to make decisions on whether a packet is destined for the same network or another network. The MAC address is used by bridges to determine first if the destination is local or not, then to choose which connected network it must go to. Router: The Network Layer is concerned with network addressing for larger networks that consist of many physical networks, often with multiple paths between them. Routers operate at the Network Layer. They use the addressing information provided at the network level to the many networks together to form an internetwork. Functions

Routers divide larger networks into logically designed networks. Routers may seem a lot like bridges, but they are much smarter. Bridges cannot evaluate possible paths to the destination to determine the best route. This can result in inefficient use of network resources. Bridges also cannot use redundant paths. While two bridges can connect two networks, they risk sending packets in an endless loop between the two networks. This behavior eventually saturates the network, rendering it unusable. The drawback to a router’s inherent intelligence is their speed. Because they process so much information, routers tend to be slower than bridges. Relation to OSI Layer Functions Routers operate at the Network Layer of the OSI model. The Network Layer provides addressing for internetworks, and routers use this addressing information to determine how to along packets of data. Because routers operate at the Network Layer, they can link different physical network topologies. 4.

Karan Said: July 22nd, 2005 3:25 am Qustions on Tecnologies like SDH,DWDM,CDMA,PCM & equipments based on these technology will be helpfull for telelcom people.

5.

Jay Said: May 23rd, 2006 12:00 am

#12 Difference between UDP and T. UDP is much faster, used for streaming video and audio files on the net. T is slower, because it contains the main factor UDP does not have, which is flow/error control. T is used by most s on the net because data transferred needs to be verified. Error correction allows data to be effectively received 6.

C.D.VENKATAKRISHNA Said: January 9th, 2007 6:28 am Vlan is virtual lan it used to put some interface in one broadcast domain and some interfaces in another,it used for security purpose and group departments, based on the mac address the vlan is configured in the switch ports

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Raja Said: January 20th, 2007 5:27 am T/IP is a set of Protocol, which is use to communicate data(packet)between to host and destination PCs. T(Transmission control protocol) IP (Internet Protocol) T/IP work on OSI Model. and Its port is 80.

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Raja Said: January 20th, 2007 5:39 am

Repeater is a network device which is use to regenerate packet(data) out of 100m distance of server. Bridge: it is also a network device which is use to connect multiple Pc in the network. it is use in small or LANs Network. It work on Layer 2 or 3(some times)of OSI Model.it is connect pc through HUB. Router: Router is electronic machine and network device which is work as gateway.Router connect multiple Network or wireless network between two office.it base on Layer 3 of OSI Model. 9.

pankaj Said: January 24th, 2007 12:05 am VLAN — Virtual Local Area Network ELAN — Emulated Local Area Network Difference between these two are as follows:An ELAN is a type of VLAN over an ATM network. However, it is defined at the MAC layer while VLANs may be defined by a MAC layer or by a IP address, including by protocols. 1

10. Ashish

Said: February 6th, 2007 2:37 am state in which a message that has been broadcast across a network results in even more responses, and

each response results in still more responses in a snowball effect. A severe broadcast storm can block all other network traffic, resulting in a network meltdown. Broadcast storms can usually be prevented by carefully configuring a network to block illegal broadcast messages. 11. Ashish

Said: February 6th, 2007 2:41 am HSRP: Hot Standby Routing Protocol, a proprietary protocol from Cisco. HSRP is a routing protocol that provides backup to a router in the event of failure. Using HSRP, several routers are connected to the same segment of an Ethernet, FDDI or token-ring network and work together to present the appearance of a single virtual router on the LAN. The routers share the same IP and MAC addresses, therefore in the event of failure of one router, the hosts on the LAN are able to continue forwarding packets to a consistent IP and MAC address. The process of transferring the routing responsibilities from one device to another is transparent to the . VRRP : Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol, an election protocol that dynamically assigns responsibility for one or more virtual router(s) to the VRRP router(s) on a LAN, allowing several routers on a multiaccess link to utilize the same virtual IP address. A VRRP router is configured to run the VRRP protocol in conjunction

with one or more other routers attached to a LAN. In a VRRP setup, one router is elected as the master router with the other routers acting as backups in case of the failure of the master router. 12. Ashish

Said: February 6th, 2007 2:47 am Multilayer switching Multilayer switching is simply the combination of traditional Layer 2 switching with Layer 3 routing in a single product. Multilayer switching is new, and there is no industry standard yet on nomenclature. Vendors, analysts, and editors don’t agree about the specific meaning of such as multilayer switch, Layer 2 router, Layer 3 switch, IP switch, routing switch, switching router, and wirespeed router. The term multilayer switch seems to be the best and most widely used description of this class of product that performs both Layer 3 routing and Layer 2 switching functions. Multilayer switching is usually implemented through a fast hardware such as a higher-density ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits), which allow real-time switching and forwarding with wirespeed performance, and at lower cost than traditional software-based routers built around general-purpose Us.

The following are some basic architecture approaches for the multiplayer switches: Generic Cut-Through Routing: In the multi-layer switching architecture Layer 3 routing calculations are done on the first packet in a data flow. Following packets belonging to the same flow are switched at Layer 2 along the same route. In other words, route calculation and frame forwarding are handled very differently here. ATM-Based Cut-Through Routing - This is a variation of generic cut-through routing which is based on ATM cells rather than frames. ATM-based cut-through routing offers several advantages such as improved of LAN emulation and multi-vendor in the form of the Multiprotocol Over ATM (MPOA) standard. Products referred to as IP switches and tag switches generally fall into this category. Layer 3 Learning Bridging CIn this architecture, routing is not provided. Instead, it uses IP “snooping” techniques to learn the MAC/IP address relationships of endstations from true routers that must exist elsewhere in the network. Then it redirects traffic away from the routers and switches it based on its Layer 2 addresses. Wirespeed Routing - Wirespeed architecture routes every packet individually. It is often referred to as packet-by-packet Layer 3 switching. Using advanced ASICs to perform Layer 3 routing in hardware, it

implements dynamic routing protocols such as OSPF and RIP. In addition to basic IP routing, it s IP multicast routing, VLAN segregation, and multiple priority levels to assist in quality of service. 13. Babuji

P Said: July 11th, 2007 1:04 pm Q#12 - T is a connection oriented protocol which works on ACK based communication. It provides error recovery & detection under Layer 4 of OSI model. Also, the T works in reliable network which offers secured communication and no loss of data. UDP is a Datagram Protocol, used in a faster network. No ACK is required for the data sent to the network. Also, the application like TFTP prefers using UDP for its transport layer communication. Its a connectionless protocol.

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Interview questions for a sys Siddharth sent in questions he got for sys interview: 1. Difference between layer 2 and layer 3 devices? 2. What is VLAN? 3. What is the subnet for a class C network? 4. Are you familiar with automounter? 5. Have you configured an NIS server/client? 6. Have your configured a NFS server? 7. Windows and Linux interoperability how to? 8. What is RAID 1? Categories: Unix/Linux, General | Business Objects interview question 11 advanced MySQL questions | 3 Responses to “Interview questions for a sys” 1.

A.I MALIK Said: January 18th, 2007 5:53 am Q-2 VLAN VLAN stand for Virtual Local Area Netwok. I VLAN We break the Whole Netwok into small Segment Which helps us Controlling Broadcost Domain and Providing Authentication for Different segment by appying ACL’s. Also it helps by providing ease of

Management the Network. Problems can be identified more easily 2.

sankaranarayanan Said: February 1st, 2007 9:05 am Vlan : Vlan defines logical grouping of computers in a lan.set of ports can be assigned to every logical group. Vlan is used to reduce the broadcast packets. Defines to process of one subset of a switch interface as one broad cast domain. Broadcasts are not forwarded between vlan’s. and each port can be created as Individual vlan. About Port Information: system connected to port is called access ports switch to switch port is called trunk port.

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Nitesh Bhat Said: September 18th, 2007 11:50 pm Here are the steps to configure the NFS server in this scenario: 1. Edit the /etc/exports file to allow NFS mounts of the /home directory with read/write access. /home *(rw,sync)

2. Let NFS read the /etc/exports file for the new entry, and make /home available to the network with the exportfs command. [root@bigboy tmp]# exportfs -a [root@bigboy tmp]# 3. Make sure the required nfs, nfslock, and portmap daemons are both running and configured to start after the next reboot. [root@bigboy tmp]# chkconfig nfslock on [root@bigboy tmp]# chkconfig nfs on [root@bigboy tmp]# chkconfig portmap on [root@bigboy tmp]# service portmap start Starting portmapper: [ OK ] [root@bigboy tmp]# service nfslock start Starting NFS statd: [ OK ] [root@bigboy tmp]# service nfs start Starting NFS services: [ OK ] Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ] Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ] Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ] [root@bigboy tmp]# After configuring the NIS server, we have to configure its clients, This will be covered next. Configuring The NFS Client You also need to configure the NFS clients to mount their /home directories on the NFS server.

These steps archive the /home directory. In a production environment in which the /home directory would be actively used, you’d have to force the s to log off, backup the data, restore it to the NFS server, and then follow the steps below. As this is a lab environment, these prerequisites aren’t necessary. 1. Make sure the required netfs, nfslock, and portmap daemons are running and configured to start after the next reboot. [root@smallfry tmp]# chkconfig nfslock on [root@smallfry tmp]# chkconfig netfs on [root@smallfry tmp]# chkconfig portmap on [root@smallfry tmp]# service portmap start Starting portmapper: [ OK ] [root@smallfry tmp]# service netfs start Mounting other filesystems: [ OK ] [root@smallfry tmp]# service nfslock start Starting NFS statd: [ OK ] [root@smallfry tmp]# 2. Keep a copy of the old /home directory, and create a new directory /home on which you’ll mount the NFS server’s directory. [root@smallfry tmp]# mv /home /home.save [root@smallfry tmp]# mkdir /home [root@smallfry tmp]# ll / … … drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11 Nov 16 20:22 home

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 24 2003 home.save … … [root@smallfry tmp]# 3. Make sure you can mount bigboy’s /home directory on the new /home directory you just created. Unmount it once everything looks correct. [root@smallfry tmp]# mount 192.168.1.100:/home /home/ [root@smallfry tmp]# ls /home ftpinstall nis quota smallfry www [root@smallfry tmp]# umount /home [root@smallfry tmp]# 4. Start configuring autofs automounting. Edit your /etc/auto.master file to refer to file /etc/auto.home for mounting information whenever the /home directory is accessed. After five minutes, autofs unmounts the directory. #/etc/auto.master /home /etc/auto.home –timeout 600 5. Edit file /etc/auto.home to do the NFS mount whenever the /home directory is accessed. If the line is too long to view on your screen, you can add a \ character at the end to continue on the next line. #/etc/auto.home * -fstype=nfs,soft,intr,rsize=8192,wsize=8192,nosuid,tc

p\ 192.168.1.100:/home:& 6. Start autofs and make sure it starts after the next reboot with the chkconfig command. [root@smallfry tmp]# chkconfig autofs on [root@smallfry tmp]# service autofs restart Stopping automount:[ OK ] Starting automount:[ OK ] [root@smallfry tmp]# After doing this, you won’t be able to see the contents of the /home directory on bigboy as root. This is because by default NFS activates the root squash feature, which disables this from having privileged access to directories on remote NFS servers. You’ll be able to test this later after NIS is configured. Note: This automounter feature doesn’t appear to function correctly in my preliminary testing of Fedora Core 3. See Chapter 29, “Remote Disk Access with NFS”, for details. All newly added Linux s will now be assigned a home directory under the new remote /home directory. This scheme will make the s feel their home directories are local, when in reality they are automatically mounted and accessed over your network.

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Networking questions 1.

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What is a default gateway? - The exit-point from one network and entry-way into another network, often the router of the network. How do you set a default route on an IOS Cisco router? - ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 x.x.x.x [where x.x.x.x represents the destination address] What is the difference between a domain local group and a global group? - Domain local groups grant permissions to objects within the domain in which the reside. Global groups contain grant permissions tree or forest wide for any objects within the Active Directory. What is LDAP used for? - LDAP is a set of protocol used for providing access to information directories.

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What tool have you used to create and analyze packet captures? - Network Monitor in Win2K / Win2K3, Ethereal in Linux, OptiView Series II (by Fluke Networks). How does HSRP work? What is the significance of the IP address 255.255.255.255? - The limited broadcast address is utilized when an IP node must perform a one-toeveryone delivery on the local network but the network ID is unknown.

Categories: Networking | SAP ABAP frequent questions cheatsheet Apache interview questions | 21 Responses to “Networking questions” 1.

jo'jp'j'kl Said: August 17th, 2006 5:43 am What is DH. ans…. DH is a protocol which is designe for Automatic Give the IP Address to DH client.. DH Assine the IP Address for few days Lease & capture the clients MAC address.. It is Updated version of BootP…

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jo'jp'j'kl Said: August 17th, 2006 5:44 am

What is the maximum amount of databases that can be hosted on Exchange 2003 Enterprise? - 20 databases. 4 SGs x 5 DBs. 3.

sendhilkumar Said: August 22nd, 2006 9:55 am What is full form of DH- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

4.

rose Said: September 8th, 2006 1:42 pm which type of applications is sutable for winrunner?

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rose Said: September 8th, 2006 1:42 pm what is test plan?

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rose Said: September 8th, 2006 1:45 pm what are the all types of applications winrunner can use?

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rose Said: September 8th, 2006 1:46 pm what are all the different type if recordings available in winrunner/

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gowtham Said: November 1st, 2006 12:51 am

how to find port numbers, what is ldap 9.

kannan Said: November 4th, 2006 3:23 am why didnt give subnet mask in routing…. ex: router(config)#router rip router(confin-if)#network 10.0.0.0

10. Raghavendra.

A. G. Said: November 7th, 2006 11:47 pm to put it in the most simplest form “DH” stands ofr Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, which is generally used to assign the IP address, defauld gateway, and subnet mask dynamically.

11. chris

Said: November 29th, 2006 4:13 am why are we confusing real networking with windows networking?

12. syed

ahmed Said: December 20th, 2006 4:40 am 1> How to secure the DH SERVER from the hackers? 2> How to block yahoo.messanger in ISA server?

13. Mark

Moscoso Said: January 26th, 2007 5:31 am Q- What tool have you used to create and analyze packet captures? A- In Windows, I used WinPCAP and Ethereal to analyze packet captures. Some brands of hardware ( hub/switch/LAN card ) are good in capturing packets. I had a better capture of packets when I used the same brand of switch and network card operating at 10Mbps.

14. Sam

Said: April 23rd, 2007 1:57 am How to create partition in an oracle table?

15. Sam

Said: April 23rd, 2007 1:58 am How to do replication in oracle?

16. Sam

Said: April 23rd, 2007 1:59 am What is Real Application Clusters (RAC)? How do design RAC?

17. R.venkatesh

Said: May 11th, 2007 5:12 am What is HSRP?

ANS : HSRP is a Cisco proprietary protocol for redundancy. It provides nearly 100 percent router availability and redundancy. So, if one router goes down, a backup router takes over the routing functions of the primary one. However, there are other available industry protocols ed by Cisco. One industry standard is the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP). Another HSRP alternative is the Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP), another Cisco proprietary solution. 18. kannan

Said: June 29th, 2007 9:53 am hi all.. 1.pl tel me abt ccnp and ccie,these two which is better to study also future job? 2. which one take to study?

19. Guru

Said: August 16th, 2007 12:14 am What is RIP? Ans:Routing Information Protocol

20. sudhir

kumar NACS institute mrt Said: September 3rd, 2007 1:37 am

RIP=rip is the true distance vector routing protocol that sends its own routing information out to all interfaces. 21. Ramanand

Said: November 20th, 2007 5:15 am what is difference between routed protocol and routing protocol ,

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Hardware architecture interview questions 1. Are you familiar with the term MESI? 2. Are you familiar with the term snooping? 3. Describe a finite state machine that will detect three consecutive coin tosses (of one coin) that results in heads.

4. In what cases do you need to double clock a signal before presenting it to a synchronous state machine? 5. You have a driver that drives a long signal & connects to an input device. At the input device there is either overshoot, undershoot or signal threshold violations, what can be done to correct this problem? 6. For a single computer processor computer system, what is the purpose of a processor cache and describe its operation? 7. Explain the operation considering a two processor computer system with a cache for each processor. 8. What are the main issues associated with multiprocessor caches and how might you solve it? 9. Explain the difference between write through and write back cache. 10. What are the total number of lines written in C/C++? What is the most complicated/valuable program written in C/C++? 11. What compiler was used? 12. Have you studied busses? What types? 13. Have you studied pipelining? List the 5 stages of a 5 stage pipeline. Assuming 1 clock per stage, what is the latency of an instruction in a 5 stage machine? What is the throughput of this machine ? 14. How many bit combinations are there in a byte? 15. What is the difference between = and == in C? 16. Are you familiar with VHDL and/or Verilog? Categories: Hardware, C++ | Tricky C questions Topics for a Unix sys interview |

17 Responses to “Hardware architecture interview questions” 1.

Aniket Said: June 9th, 2006 6:39 am Suggestion fo Question No. 16.: VHDL stands for Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Discription Language. VHDL is used to design vary large scale integrated circuits. It can simulate the wave form output of the proposed circuit. Verilog is another hardware discription language but more powerful than VHDL. Verilog can be used to design analog circuits as well. VHDL has limilation of deg digital circuits only.

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Aniket Said: June 9th, 2006 6:47 am Answer for Question 14. : There can be 2^8 combinations of bits in a byte.

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vijay Said: June 17th, 2006 2:34 am for question no 15: “=” it assigns the value( of right side variable) to the left side. where as”==” will compare the two operands.This will be used in Descion making statements.

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sunny Said: August 23rd, 2006 5:11 am for question num. 12 Basically there are 3 types of busses they r : 1 system bus, 2 data bus and 3 control bus in any kind of microprocessor or computer

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sunny Said: August 23rd, 2006 5:14 am for question 6 basically cache memory is a temporary memory tat is used by microprocessor. Also i m doutful about this question

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Potty Said: October 13th, 2006 3:45 am Question 13: Stage1: Instruction Fetch Stage2: Decode Stage 1 Stage3: Decode Stage 2 Stage4: Execute Stage5: Write back reference: Computer Organization & Architecture, Deg for performance, William Stallings

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hackcrackvirus Said: October 18th, 2006 7:40 am For que no.6 Cache is required for temp storage due to vast difference in operating speed of processor and main memory.

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Obaid Said: October 24th, 2006 9:29 pm ***************** sunny said, Wrote on August 23, 2006 @ 5:11 am for question num. 12 Basically there are 3 types of busses they r : 1 system bus, 2 data bus and 3 control bus in any kind of microprocessor or computer ***************** System bus is just a data bus in a computer. You forgot about address bus.

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Obaid Said: October 24th, 2006 9:30 pm Question 13: Most moder texts list the following stages of a pipeline:

Instruction fetch Instruction decode and fetch Execute Memory access write back 10. Obaid

Said: October 24th, 2006 9:32 pm Question 13: Latency = 5, throughput = 1

11. Obaid

Said: October 24th, 2006 9:33 pm MESI represents the 4 states of cache: Modified Exclusive Shared Invalid This method is used in cache coherency and is applied in the Pentium family of processors.

12. Ashish

Said: October 31st, 2006 11:13 pm “What are the total number of lines written in C/C++? What is the most complicated/valuable program written in C/C++? ”

I dont really know if there is single correct answer to this question but I feel a closer answer could be GCC. In 1985 The first version of GCC was able to compile itself. Even today I think most versions of GCC are able to compile itself. GCC as we all know is a highly respected C\C++ compiler and its contributions to open source and C\C++ is unparalleled. Another answer which I can think of is the Linux Kernel (as of now) 13. Ashish

Said: October 31st, 2006 11:21 pm “How many bit combinations are there in a byte?” Generally collection of 8 bits is called a byte. But the number can certainly vary depending on architecture of machines. I mean there are/were machines for which a byte != 8 bits.

14. das

Said: December 7th, 2006 3:04 pm Cache memory is a small high-speed memory. It is used for temporary storage of data & information between the main memory and the U (center processing unit). The cache memory is only in RAM

15. palani

Said: March 1st, 2007 7:15 am six roles of active dirretory forest and domain

1 . domain naming operating master - forest 2 . global catloge sever - forest 3 . sehma master - forest 4 . rid relative master - domain 5 . pdc immodulat - domain 6 . infrastructure master - domain 16. Abhijit

Singh Said: March 13th, 2007 4:51 am Problem (3)–> H1 H2 H3 Start——->S1——>S2——>End/Final State |// Tail | Tail / / |

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies General UNIX interview questions 1. What are the main differences between Apache 1.x and 2.x? 2. What does the “route” command do? 3. What are the read/write/execute bits on a directory mean? 4. What does iostat do? 5. what does vmstat do? 6. What does netstat do? 7. What is the most graceful way to bring a system into single mode? 8. How do you determine disk usage?

9. What is AWK? 10. What is SED? 11. What is the difference between binaries in /bin, and /usr/bin? 12. What is a dynamically linked file? 13. What is a statically linked file? Categories: Unix/Linux | Master list of Java interview questions - 115 questions Solaris interview questions | 18 Responses to “General UNIX interview questions” 1.

Jaffar Said: August 31st, 2005 6:08 am QNo:10. What is SED? SED (which stands for Stream EDitor) is a simple but powerful computer program used to apply various prespecified textual transformations to a sequential stream of text data. It reads input files line by line, edits each line according to rules specified in its simple language (the sed script), and then outputs the line.

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Jaffar Said: August 31st, 2005 6:10 am AWK is a complete pattern scanning and processing language, it is most commonly used as a Unix

command-line filter to reformat the output of other commands. For example, to print only the second and sixth fields of the date command (the month and year) with a space separating them, at the Unix prompt, you would enter: date | awk ‘{print $2 ” ” $6}’ 3.

lavanya Said: September 6th, 2005 3:55 pm Access rights (read/write/execute) on a directory means: ->read indicates that it is possible to list files in the directory. ->write indicates that it is possible to delete or move files in the directory. ->execute indicates that it is possible to read files in the directory provided we must have read permission on individual files of that directory.

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lavanya Said: September 6th, 2005 4:17 pm QNO:8 How do u determine disk usage? The disk usage can be determined by using the command,du.THis command outputs the number of kilobytes used by each sub-directory.

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lavanya Said: September 6th, 2005 4:20 pm

QNO 2: Browse the following URL to get information about ‘route’ command http://linux.about.com/od/commands/l/blcmdl8_route. htm 6.

lavanya Said: September 6th, 2005 4:45 pm Q NO:4) To know about iostat command,browse the following url: http://www.scit.wlv.ac.uk/cgi-bin/mansec?1M+iostat

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lavanya Said: September 6th, 2005 4:47 pm Q.no:5) TO know about vmstat command,browse the following url: http://www.scit.wlv.ac.uk/cgi-bin/mansec?1M+vmstat

8.

lavanya Said: September 6th, 2005 4:48 pm Q.no:6) TO know about netstat command,browse the following url: http://pages.umbc.edu/~jack/ifsm498/netstat.html

9.

Dave Waddell Said: September 18th, 2005 3:31 pm

comment 3 on directory execute permissions is incorrect; Execute permission on a directory means you can list the files in that directory. 10. Musthafa

Said: October 21st, 2005 2:45 am 11. What is the difference between binaries in /bin, and /usr/bin? /bin - would contains the binaries frequently used by the normal (as well as system ) /usr/bin - would contains the binaries rarely used by the normal (as wel as system ) 12. What is a dynamically linked file? soft link (created with ln -s). Source and destination files will have the different inode. If dest removed source will be available. If source removed dest also will available but no where to go. 13. What is a statically linked file? hard link (created with ln). Source and dest will have the same inode. Making two different copies causes more disk space due to redundancy.

11. Chris

Sheldon Said: October 28th, 2005 3:56 pm Comment #10 is in error with all answers

11. What is the difference between binaries in /bin, and /usr/bin? Under Solaris, there is no difference. /bin is a symbolic link pointing to /usr/bin. Under Linux (RHAS3) /bin is seemingly for standard unix programs like vi, , mv, rm which you’d need in a single environment where as /usr/bin contains programs you’d want for a multi environment. Keep in mind that sometimes /usr is a different disk partition and when you start up in single mode you only have / mounted. The /sbin directories are *supposed to* contain statically linked programs. This mas morphed into the idea of bin for programs, sbin for programs. 12. What is a dynamically linked file? This is confusing because of the use of the word ‘file’. A dynamically linked program is one that, when executed, loads shared libraries from /lib or /usr/lib in order to execute. The idea is that most programs use many of the same functions, so include a copy of a common function in *every* program on the file system. Instead, the function is placed in a shared library and when the program starts executing, the library is loaded which provides the program access to the function. 13. What is a statically linked file? As above, confusing due to the use of the word ‘file’. A statically linked program is one that contains all the

information (libraries) it needs to run. It does not need to load additional libaries in order to execute. 12. Mahbubul

Said: December 8th, 2005 11:34 pm What is MUTEX? I need answer for this question What is INODE?I need answer for this question

13. Adhik

Said: February 25th, 2006 4:56 pm Ans 7: kill -TERM 1

14. Virat

Said: March 23rd, 2006 3:10 am for comment no: 12 Mutex: Short for mutual exclusion object. In computer programming, a mutex is a program object that allows multiple program threads to share the same resource, such as file access, but not simultaneously. When a program is started, a mutex is created with a unique name. After this stage, any thread that needs the resource must lock the mutex from other threads while it is using the resource. The mutex is set to unlock when the data is no longer needed or the routine is finished. INode: a unique number associated with each filename. This

number is used to look up an entry in the inode table which gives information on the type, size, and location of the file and the id of the owner of the file. Regards, Virat 15. Amar

Said: September 4th, 2006 8:22 pm Access rights (read/write/execute) on a directory means: execute permission allows a to enter the directory and perform read/write/execute files according to the permissions of the file. But you cannot ‘ls’ the directory until you have a read permission. It means you should know the filename. eg: [amar@darkstar ~]$ ls -l | grep Book d–x—— 6 amar amar 4096 Sep 5 11:27 BookScripting # directory only has execute permission [amar@darkstar ~]$ ls -l BookScripting/ # no read permission ls: BookScripting/: Permission denied # so ‘ls -l’ denied

[amar@darkstar ~]$ ls -l BookScripting/test.sh -r-x—— 1 amar amar 37 Sep 5 11:27 BookScripting/test.sh [amar@darkstar ~]$ BookScripting/test.sh you can execute [amar@darkstar ~]$ 16. Divya

Said: October 20th, 2006 1:23 pm quota -v Shows current disk usage and limits

17. snark

Said: February 28th, 2007 2:04 am Typical usage of route: /sbin/route -n: DISPLAY KERNEL ROUTING TABLES.

18. Smi

Said: March 28th, 2007 5:16 pm whats the diff between mutex and semaphores ?

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Network engineer interview questions 1. (s) are complaining of delays when using the network. What would you do? 2. What are some of the problems associated with operating a switched LAN? 3. Name some of the ways of combining T/IP traffic and SNA traffic over the same link. 4. What sort of cabling is suitable for Fast Ethernet protocols? 5. What is a Class D IP address? 6. Why do I sometimes lose a server’s address when using more than one server? 7. What is Firewall? 8. How do I monitor the activity of sockets? 9. How would I put my socket in non-blocking mode? 10. What are RAW sockets? 11. What is the role of T protocol and IP protocol. 12. What is UDP? 13. How can I make my server a daemon? 14. How should I choose a port number for my server? 15. Layers in T/IP 16. How can I be sure that a UDP message is received? 17. How to get IP header of a UDP message 18. Writing UDP/SOCK_DGRAM applications 19. How many bytes in an IPX network address?

20. What is the difference between MUTEX and Semaphore? 21. What is priority inversion? 22. Different Solutions to dining philosophers problem. 23. What is a message queue? 24. Questions on Shared Memory. 25. What is DH? 26. Working of ping, telnet, gopher. 27. Can I connect two computers to internet using same line ? Categories: Networking | OS interview questions Basic database interview quesitons | 39 Responses to “Network engineer interview questions” 1.

Vivek Kumar Said: November 26th, 2005 12:32 am 5. Ip Address Ranges: Class A: 0-126. 127 is a Broadcast Class B: 128-191 Class C: 192-223 Class D: 224-239 Class E: 240-255.

2.

Vivek Kumar Said: November 26th, 2005 12:45 am

Ques5. Ip Address Ranges: Class A: 0-126. : For about >256 Subnets and >16777214 hosts per subnet 127.0.0.1: For Proper Configuraions of T/IP. Class B: 128-191: for about >65536 Subnets and >65534 hosts per subnet Class C: 192-223: For about >16777214 networks and 254 hosts per subnet Class D: 224-239 : these addressess are for Scientific researches .. Class E: 240-255. : these are kept for Future Use 3.

Vivek Kumar Said: November 26th, 2005 1:01 am Ques 7: what is a Firewall: Firewalls are of two types: -Hardware Firewall -Software Firewall. Firewall in simple manner is bascially the utility to provide the security over the network. These are the security measures that prevents the network’s in and out traffic to through the specific Security filters so that the unwanted and unsecure data can be stopped from entering into the network.. further… as a security measure it also depends on the network designer and implementer that how to use a Firewall mean to say the security measures like how to present the content filtering and Url filtering which type of firewall should be used and where to put it..

4.

Vivek Kumar Said: November 26th, 2005 1:48 am Ques 11. Well.. firt of all one should know what a protocol actually means: A Protocol is bascially set of rules designed and developed for the internetwork or can say intranetwork Communications. the need of T had been rised in early years when like.. IBM Mainframe were not able to Communicate with the Burroughs mainframe.. means if you wish to connect 2 or more computers they should be same with everything from manufacturer to designer and implementer…then T imerged as a solution-for-ever.. EARLIER it was N( Network Control Protocal) but later it refined into T( Transmission Control Protocol) and IP(Internet Protocol)on jan.1,1983.. Some General roles of T/IP are: 1. Independence from particular vendor or network. 2. very low data overhead 3. good failure recovery. and if the thinghs are taken seprately.. then T is bascially responsible for proper data transmission by assuring data integrity it is a connection oriented protocol that follows the under scenerio 1. Handshaking. 2. Packect Sequencing 3. Flow Control. 4. Error handling. IP : Since the data to be sent must be put somewhere

the IP works here .. the required data is packaged in an IP packet. 5.

Subir Sinha Said: January 6th, 2006 7:10 am ques11: T (Transmission Control Protocol) is a set of rules (protocol) used along with the Internet Protocol (IP) to send data in the form of message units between computers over the Internet. While IP takes care of handling the actual delivery of the data, T takes care of keeping track of the individual units of data (called packets) that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet.

6.

vinod gupta Said: March 12th, 2006 5:54 am 7 Application 6 Presentation Upper Layers 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link Lower Layers 1 Physical The application, presentation, and session layers are all application-oriented in that they are responsible for presenting the application interface to the . All three are independent of the layers below them and are totally oblivious to the means by which data gets to the application. These three layers are called the upper

layers. The lower four layers deal with the transmission of data, covering the packaging, routing, verification, and transmission of each data group. The lower layers don’t worry about the type of data they receive or send to the application, but deal simply with the task of sending it. They don’t differentiate between the different applications in any way. The following sections explain each layer to help you understand the architecture of the OSI-RM (and later contrast it with the architecture of T/IP). The Application Layer The application layer is the end- interface to the OSI system. It is where the applications, such as electronic mail, USENET news readers, or database display modules, reside. The application layer’s task is to display received information and send the ’s new data to the lower layers. In distributed applications, such as client/server systems, the application layer is where the client application resides. It communicates through the lower layers to the server. The Presentation Layer The presentation layer’s task is to isolate the lower layers from the application’s data format. It converts the data from the application into a common format, often called the canonical representation. The presentation layer processes machine-dependent data

from the application layer into a machine-independent format for the lower layers. The presentation layer is where file formats and even character formats (ASCII and EBCDIC, for example) are lost. The conversion from the application data format takes place through a “common network programming language” (as it is called in the OSI Reference Model documents) that has a structured format. The presentation layer does the reverse for incoming data. It is converted from the common format into application-specific formats, based on the type of application the machine has instructions for. If the data comes in without reformatting instructions, the information might not be assembled in the correct manner for the ’s application. The Session Layer The session layer organizes and synchronizes the exchange of data between application processes. It works with the application layer to provide simple data sets called synchronization points that let an application know how the transmission and reception of data are progressing. In simplified , the session layer can be thought of as a timing and flow control layer. The session layer is involved in coordinating communications between different applications, letting each know the status of the other. An error in one application (whether on the same machine or

across the country) is handled by the session layer to let the receiving application know that the error has occurred. The session layer can resynchronize applications that are currently connected to each other. This can be necessary when communications are temporarily interrupted, or when an error has occurred that results in loss of data. The Transport Layer The transport layer, as its name suggests, is designed to provide the “transparent transfer of data from a source end open system to a destination end open system,” according to the OSI Reference Model. The transport layer establishes, maintains, and terminates communications between two machines. The transport layer is responsible for ensuring that data sent matches the data received. This verification role is important in ensuring that data is correctly sent, with a resend if an error was detected. The transport layer manages the sending of data, determining its order and its priority. The Network Layer The network layer provides the physical routing of the data, determining the path between the machines. The network layer handles all these routing issues, relieving the higher layers from this issue. The network layer examines the network topology to determine the best route to send a message, as well as figuring out relay systems. It is the only network layer

that sends a message from source to target machine, managing other chunks of data that through the system on their way to another machine. The Data Link Layer The data link layer, according to the OSI reference paper, “provides for the control of the physical layer, and detects and possibly corrects errors that can occur.” In practicality, the data link layer is responsible for correcting transmission errors induced during transmission (as opposed to errors in the application data itself, which are handled in the transport layer). The data link layer is usually concerned with signal interference on the physical transmission media, whether through copper wire, fiber optic cable, or microwave. Interference is common, resulting from many sources, including cosmic rays and stray magnetic interference from other sources. The Physical Layer The physical layer is the lowest layer of the OSI model and deals with the “mechanical, electrical, functional, and procedural means” required for transmission of data, according to the OSI definition. This is really the wiring or other transmission form. When the OSI model was being developed, a lot of concern dealt with the lower two layers, because they are, in most cases, inseparable. The real world treats the data link layer and the physical layer as one

combined layer, but the formal OSI definition stipulates different purposes for each. (T/IP includes the data link and physical layers as one layer, recognizing that the division is more academic than practical.) 7.

Iraban Said: March 17th, 2006 10:29 am Interviews Questions 1. Are all cacheless proxies DNS cacheful ? If so why ? 2. How does a ping work ? The exact mechanism. 3. How does a DH work ? When a pc with no Ip address just with an MAC addrress boots up , what are the steps that Happen till the time a Ip is given to the pc from a DH. 4. What happens if there are 2 DH servers in the network and both gets a message from 2 pcs booting at exactly the same moment of time.

8.

Mike Said: March 27th, 2006 11:52 am You guys would fail. lol. Class D networks are reserved for multicasting. someone asking the question isn’t interested in the IP range but what its used for.

9.

hariom jindal Said: April 22nd, 2006 12:40 pm how to change MAC Address.? ans you can change a mac address easly. go to the desktop>write click on the my computer icon>properties>device manager>Network Adapters> properties> advance>network address.. and then chnage the value. The value should be hexadecimal or 16 octat

10. hariom

jindal Said: June 18th, 2006 2:28 pm What is DH. ans…. DH is a protocol which is designe for Automatic Give the IP Address to DH client.. DH Assine the IP Address for few days Lease & capture the clients MAC address.. It is Updated version of BootP…

11. Indranil

Banerjee Said: September 17th, 2006 12:59 pm 27. u can connect two computer using NAT wich use port forwarding method and proxy server same time on the same line .

26 ping ia process which use ICMP protocl error message which is encapsulated in a IP packets its calculate the round trip delay time by sending the packet sending time and subtract it from arrival time. the error messages are 1.destination unrecheable 2.hardware error. etc its also sets maximum hop value and after it becomes 0 the packets discarted Telnet is a application layer process of connection remote compter and local Area Network compter by specifing the ip address by a specific port, 25 DH is used for MAC address to IP mapping its both static and dynamic mapping.Static mapping are done just like bootstrap and for dynamic mapping it have database of MAC and IP when a packet with a MAC comes ask for ip its check that assigne a dynamic IP fixed that for a specific time and then return that packet with that IP 26 In OS when an event done it stored on Message queues and and its relavent action are called then it executed and cleared message queue it’s tempurary buffer of a multitusking OS. 5.Class D ip are used for multitusking. that is 1 to many relation ship used with IGMP protocol for group managemnt. 6.T/IP has 4 layer 1.Applicatiotn 2.Transport

3.Internet 4.Netwok Access Foolish vinod said the OSI Layer 7. Firewall are the rules which are used for ing traffic thats is packets in network layer and frame is datalink layer on a specific port it can be two type 1.Hardware 2.Software 11 T is a transport layer protocol sued for reliable delivery of segmented packets IP is network layer protocol used for end to end delivery of two nodes not reliable. 12. indranil

Said: September 17th, 2006 1:01 pm 27. u can connect two computer using NAT wich use port forwarding method and proxy server same time on the same line . 26 ping ia process which use ICMP protocl error message which is encapsulated in a IP packets its calculate the round trip delay time by sending the packet sending time and subtract it from arrival time. the error messages are 1.destination unrecheable 2.hardware error. etc its also sets maximum hop value and after it becomes 0 the packets discarted

Telnet is a application layer process of connection remote compter and local Area Network compter by specifing the ip address by a specific port, 25 DH is used for MAC address to IP mapping its both static and dynamic mapping.Static mapping are done just like bootstrap and for dynamic mapping it have database of MAC and IP when a packet with a MAC comes ask for ip its check that assigne a dynamic IP fixed that for a specific time and then return that packet with that IP 26 In OS when an event done it stored on Message queues and and its relavent action are called then it executed and cleared message queue it’s tempurary buffer of a multitusking OS. 5.Class D ip are used for multitusking. that is 1 to many relation ship used with IGMP protocol for group managemnt. 6.T/IP has 4 layer 1.Applicatiotn 2.Transport 3.Internet 4.Netwok Access Foolish vinod said the OSI Layer 7. Firewall are the rules which are used for ing traffic thats is packets in network layer and frame is datalink layer on a specific port it can be two type 1.Hardware 2.Software 11 T is a transport layer protocol sued for reliable

delivery of segmented packets IP is network layer protocol used for end to end delivery of two nodes not reliable. 13. pay

Said: October 6th, 2006 9:43 am Q1: (s) are complaining of delays when using the network. What would you do? ANS: - get the (s) to demonstrate the problem - determine how many other s are affected - ensure desktop hardware and configuration is OK - trace all connections (they may be on another subnet) - commence some monitoring or diagnostics - determine problem (if there is one) - provide solution

14. Muhammad

Ali Khan Said: November 5th, 2006 6:18 pm 11. T is a connection oriented protocol that provides reliable transfer of information by synchronization, error checking and sequencing of information to and from IP layer. IP layer is transport of T. It provides path determination and packet switching. IP layer uses

ARP and RARP protocol to map IP to MAC address and MAC to IP address respectively, to determine network addresses. It is connectionless protocol that leaves all error checking functions on upper layer. 12. UDP is a connectionless protocol that do not provide reliable transfer of information and is fast in nature as compare to T. This disadvantage on other hand is suitable for applications like video and voice. 15. Rich

Said: November 26th, 2006 8:55 am 5. reserved for Multicast.. correct… I never really understood this properly until working with OSPF. You can try memorising the table if you like but it’ll stick better if you get some understanding on why, and what different addresses are used for. If you want a good undertanding of a decent routing protocol, get your head round OSPF. It’s nice, easy and used a lot plus you’ll understand multicasting in the process… For example in OSPF - 224.0.0.5 is used for multicasting routing information and is address you should always know about. I’ve been asked about this in EVERY interview I’ve had in networks.

16. hariom

jindal Said: December 11th, 2006 6:58 am Active Directory.

Active Directory is a istative tool which is use to manage and ister the domain s, computers, network clients centrelize. older name of Active Directory called NTDS( NT Directory Service). 17. hariom

jindal Said: December 11th, 2006 7:01 am What is a Page file. Page file is a vertual memory of the operating system & work as Physical RAM. It encreses the system performance & working.

18. hariom

jindal Said: December 11th, 2006 7:04 am What is a Printer. Printer is a Hardware Device which is use to take hard copy of any text or data from system.. we have three types of printer.. 1. Dot Matrix 2. Lazer 3. Inkjet

19. hariom

jindal Said: December 16th, 2006 11:51 am What is WDS mode in AP?

Ans.. WDS stands for Wireless Distributed System, & work as Bridging Technology. In WDS mode Access Point can communicate with Wi-Fi Access Points only does not Wireless Cliens. If we want communicate 4 AP to each other so we should configure one AP as WDS mode. In this mode WSD AP requires Remote AP mac address so you have to type other APs MAC address one by one. and Configure AP in AP with WDS mode with Remote WDS mac address.. with this setting u can make Wireless LAN with out any ethernet wire. try and if u have any problem me at: [email protected] 20. hariom

jindal Said: December 21st, 2006 12:35 pm Q. Can I connect two computers to internet using same line. Ans.. Yes, we can connect two or more system using many types of mathodes..

1. Remote Help Invitations.. if you have high or medium speed internet connection you can access the system.. 2. VPN.. using the Virtual Private Network this is technology which is use to make virtual network between any remote location. VPN make a tunnel type connection for fast & secure communication. 3. Using third party software we have many type of VPN softwares. 21. hariom

jindal Said: December 21st, 2006 12:43 pm Question. (s) are complaining of delays when using the network. What would you do? Ans. Network slow problem create by many reasions like.. Spyware, Virus, Spool Virus, NetBios, or may be any machine infected with a Virus or Worm.. This problem may be genrate by defected HUB/Switch or Carbon in Jack or female RJ45 connector. so you have update your antivirus or firewall software or desible the NetBios in Wins Configurations. thanks

22. Raja

Said Said: December 30th, 2006 4:02 am

Q.25 What is DH? Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is a network layer Protocol that enables a DH Server and Assign IP Address Automatically on Individual DH Client 23. Raja

Said: January 2nd, 2007 12:39 am Q. what is firewall? Firewall are two types 1. Hardware Device 2. Software Firewall Firewall work as a Filter whichever connect to broadband and router before home Network and stop all virus coming form Internet

24. Hari

Om Jindal Said: January 23rd, 2007 10:36 am Que. How ISA Server Works ? Ans.. ISA is Software Firewal & Internet Soloution for small & large network. ISA server blocks Inboud traffic as well as Outbound traffic. It is a multitasking firewall server it provides NAT (Natwork Address Translation)& Web Proxy etc.. ISA server provides SecureVPN for connect Remote Clients or Remote Location…

25. Hariom

Jindal Said: February 22nd, 2007 5:07 pm Que: What is a Domain Controller? Ans.Domain is a Security boundery which is use to make secure or private network from inside to outsite. Domain provide better istration control over the network object.

26. Naveed

Nezam Said: February 23rd, 2007 2:47 am 27- Can I connect two computers to internet using same line ? There are different methods to share one internet connection on multipe numbers of computer. 1- ICS(Internet Connection Sharing) In this method you can just enable Internet Connection Sharing check on your gateway.. The limitation of ICS is you must have 192.168.X.X IP addressing scheme on your network. another limitation of ICS is it can upto 15 Computer(approx.. dont exact figure). 2-NAT NAT or NATING basic function is to convert private IP to Public IP and vice versa. It work same like ICS but have some enhanced features and can used for large number of client

computers. * NAT has also option of Firewall. * No limitation of IP Scheme..it also provide dynamic IP addressing * Also have a feature of Server Publishing *Cannot cache 3- Proxy Servers (e.g Microsoft ISA Server) Fully enhanced product which provide Internet sharing , Firewall(Fully featured )and Caching. 27. Mohsin

khan Said: February 26th, 2007 8:46 am 7. FireWall is nothing but it is used to avoid the unwanted trafic or unauthorised entry. The Firewall has 2 types 1. Hardware & 2.Software. Now the most familiar used firewall is PIX from the make of cisco. and other firewalls like nokia and so on..

28. pradeep

kumar Said: March 26th, 2007 7:27 am please tell me how we can configure DH server??

29. Gaurav

Said: April 25th, 2007 9:53 am T/IP is a two-way communication between the client and the server and it is a reliable and there is a confirmation regarding reaching the message to the destination. It is like a phone call.

UDP is a one-way communication only between the client and the server and it is not a reliable and there is no confirmation regarding reaching the message to the destination. 30. syed

khalid Said: May 13th, 2007 3:45 am when u want to know about understanding the nature of network then first of all u should be concentrate on OSI MODEL osi model have 7 layers and every layer perform unique task: 1 APPLICATION LAYER 2 PRESENTATION LAYER 3 SESSION LAYER 4 TRANSPORT LAYER 5 NETWORK LAYER 6 DATA LINK LAYER 7 PHYSICAL LAYER BUT NETWORK WORK ON LAYER 7 -1 THANKS SEE YOU ANY TIME WITH LOTS OF FUNDAS

31. Ahamed

Harooon Said: May 15th, 2007 2:19 pm DH stands for “Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DH’s purpose is to enable individual computers on an IP network to extract their configurations from a

server (the ‘DH server’) or servers, in particular, servers that have no exact information about the individual computers until they request the information. The overall purpose of this is to reduce the work necessary to ister a large IP network. The most significant piece of information distributed in this manner is the IP address. 32. Nirmala

Said: May 17th, 2007 11:46 am 2.What are some of the problems associated with operating a switched LAN? Ans: A switched LAN (Local Area Network) may use a Gigabit Ethernet switch that includes different ports connected to PCs and to layer 3 routers. The routers connected to different switch ports can not immediately identify failures either of other routers or of the ports and links by which they are connected to the switch. The routers currently have to rely on slow timeout mechanisms, such as missed hello packets, to detect failures on other links connected to the switch. Thus, the time required to detect failures can and often does dominate the time required for a routing algorithm to determine a new network topology around a detected failure (convergence time).

33. dharmender

yadav Said: May 30th, 2007 11:53 pm

5.Class D: 224-239 its Class D - Used for multicasts, Class D is slightly different from the first three classes. It has a first bit value of 1, second bit value of 1, third bit value of 1 and fourth bit value of 0. The other 28 bits are used to identify the group of computers the multicast message is intended fo 34. Mike

Mountrakis Said: June 14th, 2007 5:23 pm Q 7 How do I monitor the activity of sockets? In any POSIX (UNIX like system ) you can monitor the ports and their state with netstat command. Try: $netstat and this will give you a list of all opened sockets to the associated ports for T/UDP/RAW protocols. Q8 How would I put my socket in non-blocking mode? If you choose to open a socket in UDP, the socket is asynchronous, thus non-blocking. Q9 What are RAW sockets? Those sockets by the transport layer and talk directly to network layer, in other words they cannot be categorized as UDP/T. Normally, in RAW sockets e have to build our own IP header to override values that IP would place into certain header fields (use IP_HDRINCL socket option when opening socket descriptor). Normally we use this kind of sockets for two reasons:

a. Implement custom transport protocol b. raw streaming through the network. Michael Mountrakis [email protected] 35. Mike

Mountrakis Said: June 14th, 2007 5:37 pm Q17 How to get IP header of a UDP message If you want to do it for monitoring, use Ethereal If you want to do it within your code, use pcap (Packet Capturing Library) that comes with TDump distribution. Q20 What is the difference between MUTEX and Semaphore? A MUTEX is a lock. You can place a MUTEX Lock on a resource among processes/threads in order to lock it. When MUTEX is released, the resource is also released. A Semaphore is a signal raiser, or a token. When you wait for a MUTEX to be released, you might need to listen to a specific semaphore caused by the MUTEX release. Q21 What is priority inversion? Rearrange in opposite order the scheduler’s priority list.

Q22 Different Solutions to dining philosophers problem. Read “UNIX Network Programming” V1 by R. Stevens and “A Book on C By I. Poll A. Kelly” There are some excellent solutions over there Michael Mountrakis www.illumine.gr 36. Hariom

Jindal Said: June 29th, 2007 12:17 am Installing, Upgrading and Erase the software using RPM RPM (Redhat Package Manager) RPM package manager is a tool which is use to install, upgrade and removes the rpm packages. RPM is develop by redhat and many linux distirbutions like Fedora Project, Redhat Enterprise Linux, CentOs, Mendriva and othrs. RPM only s rpm file. Using RPM command with many functions. #rpm –q for query a packages -a for query with all rpms -V for query with varify the packge

#rpm –i for install a rpm package -h for display with hash -v for verbose #rpm –u for upgrade the module #rpm –e for erase the module Some examples:#rpm –ivh dh-3.0.1-12_EL 37. prakash

Said: July 7th, 2007 4:09 am (s) are complaining of delays when using the network. What would you do

38. mukesh

Said: October 10th, 2007 5:31 am how do i enable or dlsable my usb port?

39. Leela

Said: October 19th, 2007 9:14 am 1.How to take the bios backup? 2.How to disable the ports (usb,com and serial ports)? 3.Difference between cold booting and warm booting? 4.Explain Dr.Watson?

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies 55 most frequently asked interview questions Dan Johnston from PPR Career shared the following list of frequently asked questions on a job interview, as well as advice on what to be prepared for. 1. Tell me about yourself. Use

Answer in about two minutes. Avoid details, don’t ramble.

“Picture Frame Approach”

Touch on these four areas: •

• •

•

How many years, doing what function Education – credentials Major responsibility and accomplishments Personal summary of work style (plus career goals if applicable)

Prepare in advance using this formula: 1. “My name is…” 2. “I’ve worked for X years as a [title]” 3. “Currently, I’m a [title] at [company]” 4. “Before that, I was a [title] at [company]” 5. “I love the challenge of my work, especially the major strengths it allows me to offer, including [A, B, and C]”. 6. Second, help the interviewer by focusing the question with a question of your own: “What about me would be most relevant to you and

what this company needs?” 2. Did you bring your Yes. Be prepared with two or resume? three extra copies. Do not offer them unless you’re asked for one. 3. What do you know Research the target company about our before the interview. Basic organization? research is the only way to prepare for this question. Do your homework, and you’ll score big on this question. Talk about products, services, history and people, especially any friends that work there. “But I would love to know more, particularly from your point of view. Do we have time to cover that now? 4. What experience do you have?

Pre-interview research and PPR Career will help you here. Try to cite experience relevant to the company’s concerns. Also, try answering this questions with a question: “Are you looking for overall experience or experience in some specific area of special interest to you?” Let the interviewer’s response guide your answer.

5. According to your Be prepared to define success,

definition of success, how successful have you been so far?

and then respond (consistent record of responsibility)

(Is this person mature and self aware?) 6. In your current or Give one or two accomplishment last position, what statements were your most significant accomplishments? In your career so far? 7. Had you thought Refer to positive aspects of the of leaving your job, advancement opportunities, present position and what you learned. before? If yes, what do you think held you there? 8. Would you Give only one, and tell how you describe a few have corrected or plan to correct situations in which your work. your work was criticized? 9. If I spoke with your previous boss, what would he or she say are

Be consistent with what you think the boss would say. Position the weakness in a positive way (refer to #12)

your greatest strengths and weaknesses? 10. How would Keep your answer short and you describe your relevant to the job and the personality? organization’s culture. 11. What are your strong points?

Present three. Relate them to that particular company and job opening.

12. What are Don’t say you have one, but give your weak points? one that is really a “positive in disguise.” I am sometimes impatient and do to much work myself when we are working against tight deadlines.” Or “I compliment and praise my staff, but feel I can improve.” 13. How did you do in school?

Emphasize your best and favorite subjects. If grades were average, talk about leadership or jobs you (Is the person motivated? took to finance your education. What are his/her values, Talk about extra-curricular attitudes? Is there a fit?) activities (clubs, sports, volunteer work) 14. In your current or last position, what features did you

Refer to your satisfiers for likes. Be careful with dislikes, give only one (if any) and make it brief. Refuse to answer

like most? Least?

negatively. Respond that you “like everything about my current position and have acquired and developed a great many skills, but I’m now ready for a new set of challenges and greater responsibilities.”

15. What do you look for in a job?

Flip this one over. Despite the question, the employer isn’t really interested in what you are looking for. He’s interested in what he is looking for. Address his interests, rather than yours. Use words like “contribute,” “enhance,” “improve,” and “team environment.” Fit your answer to their needs Relate your preferences and satisfiers/dissatisfiers to the job opening.

16. How long “Not long, because of my would it take you experience, transferable skills to make a and ability to learn.” meaningful contribution to our firm? 17. How long would you stay with us?

“As long as I feel that I’m contributing, and that my contribution is recognized. I’m

looking to make a long term commitment.” 18. If you have never supervised, how do you feel about assuming those responsibilities?

If you want to supervise, say so, and be enthusiastic.

19. Why do you want to become a supervisor?

“To grow and develop professionally, to help others develop, to build a team and to share what I have learned.”

20. What do you see as the most difficult task in being a supervisor?

“Getting things planned and done through others and dealing with different personalities.” Show how you have done this in the past.

21. You’ve been with your current employer quite a while. Why haven’t you advanced with him?

Let’s assume the interviewer has a point here. That doesn’t mean you have to agree with the negative of the question. Answer: “What I like about my present position is that it’s both stable and challenging. But it’s true that I’ve grown about as much as I can in my current position. (This response also turns the issue of salary on its head, transforming it from What

more can I get? to What more can I offer?) 22. Why are you leaving your present position?

Never answer with negative reasons, even if they are true. However, some companies have financial problems which may preclude you from staying with them. Frame your answer positively by answering why you want to move to the target company instead of why you left or want to leave your most recent job. For example, instead of answering, “I don’t get enough challenges at [company],” respond, “I am eager to take on more challenges, and I believe I will find them at [hiring company]. ”I’m not unhappy (at my present employer). However, this opportunity seems to be particularly interesting and I am interested in pursuing it further. Never personalize or be negative. Keep it short, give a “group” answer (e.g. our office is closing, the whole organization is being reduced in size). Stick to one response; don’t change answers during the interview. When

applicable; best response is: I was not on the market when PPR Career ed me and explained what you are doing, it peaked my interest. 23. Describe what Team work is the key. would be an ideal working environment? 24. How would Be positive. Refer to the valuable you evaluate your experience you have gained. present firm? Don’t mention negatives. 25. Do you prefer working with figures, or with words?

Be aware of what the job requires and position your answer in that context. In many cases it would be both.

26. What kinds of people do you find difficult to work with?

Use this question as a chance to show that you are a team player: “The only people I have trouble with are those who aren’t team players, who just don’t perform, who complain constantly, and who fail to respond to any efforts to motivate them.” The interviewer is expecting a response focused on personality and personal dislikes. Surprise her by delivering an answer that reflects company values.

27. How would your co-workers describe you?

Refer to your strengths and skills.

28. What do you If you like him or her, say so and think of your boss? tell why. If you don’t like him or her, find something positive to say. 29. Why do you want to work in a company of this size. Or this type?

Explain how this size or type of company works well for you, using examples from the past if possible.

30. If you had Refer to job preferences. Say that your choice of jobs this job and this company are and companies, very close to what best suits you. where would you go? 31. Why do you want to work for us?

You feel you can help achieve the companies objectives, especially in the short run. You like what you’ve learned about the company, its policies, goals and management: “I’ve researched the company and people tell me it’s a good place to work.”

32. What was the Think this through. Your answer last book you should be compatible with read? Movie you accepted norms.

saw? Sporting event you attended? 33. What are you Talk about formal courses and doing, or what training programs. have you done to reach your career objectives? 34. What was wrong with your last company?

Again, choose your words carefully. Don’t be negative. Say that no company is perfect, it had both strengths and weaknesses.

35. What kind of “As many hours as it takes to get hours are you used the job done.” to working? (Does the person match job and criteria?) 36. What would you do for us?

Relate past success in accomplishing the objectives which are similar to those of the prospective employer.

37. What has Give examples from your experience accomplishments. been in supervising people?

38. Are you a good supervisor?

Draw from your successes. Yes, my people like and respect me personally and professionally. They often comment on how much they learn and develop under my supervision.

39. Did you ever If you haven’t, say so, but add fire anyone? If so, that you could do it, if necessary. what were the reasons and how did you handle it? 40. How have you Refer to accomplishments. helped your company? 41. What is the most money you ever ed for? Largest budget responsibility?

Refer to accomplishments. If you haven’t had budget responsibility, say so, but refer to an accomplishment that demonstrates the same skill.

42. What’s the most difficult situation you ever faced on the job?

, you’re talking to a prospective employer, not your best friend. Don’t dredge up a catastrophe that resulted in a personal or corporate failure. Be ready for this question by thinking of a story that has a happy ending – happy for you and your company. Never digress

into personal or family difficulties, and don’t talk about problems you’ve had with supervisors or peers. You might discuss a difficult situation with a subordinate, provided that the issues were resolved inventively and to everyone’s satisfaction. 43. Describe some situations in which you have worked under pressure or met deadlines?

Refer to accomplishments. Everyone has had a few of these pressure situations in a career. Behavior-related questions aim at assessing a candidate’s character, attitude, and personality traits by asking for an of how the candidate handled certain challenging situations. Plan for such questions by making a list of the desirable traits relevant to the needs of the industry or prospective employer and by preparing some job-related stories about your experience that demonstrate a range of those traits and habits of conduct. Before answering the questions, listen carefully and ask any clarifying questions you think necessary. Tell your story and conclude by explaining what you

intended your story to illustrate. Finally, ask for : “Does this tell you what you need to know?” 44. How do you handle rejection?

Rejection is part of business. People don’t always buy what you sell. The tick here is to separate rejection of your product from rejection of yourself: “I see rejection as an opportunity. I learn from it. When a customer takes a , I ask him what we could do to the product, price or service to make it possible for him to say yes. Don’t get me wrong: You’ve got to makes sales. But rejection is valuable, too. It’s a good teacher.”

45. In your Refer to accomplishments present position, what problems have you identified that had previously been overlooked? 46. Give an example of your creativity. 47.

Refer to accomplishments.

Give examples Draw examples from

of your leadership accomplishments. abilities. 48. What are Talk first about doing the job for your career goals? which you are applying. Your career goals should mesh with the hiring company goals. 49. What position Just say you wish to exceed do you expect to objectives so well that you will have in two years? be on a promotable track. 50. What are your objectives?

Refer back to question #48 on goals.

(How does the person handle stress? What is their confidence level?) 51. Why should we hire you?

This may sound suspicious, negative, or just plain harsh. Actually, it’s a call for help. The employer wants you to help him/her hire you. Keep your response brief. Recap any job requirements the interviewer may have mentioned earlier in the interview, then, point by point, match your skills, abilities and qualifications to those items. Relate a past experience which represents success in achieving objectives which may

be similar to those of the prospective employer. 52. You may be over-qualified or too experienced for the position we have to offer.

“A strong company needs a strong person.” An employer will get faster return on investment because you have more experience than required.

53. Why haven’t you found a new position before now?

“Finding the right job takes time. I’m not looking for just any job.”

54. If you could start again, what would you do differently?

No need to be self-revealing. “Hindsight is 20/20; everyone would make some changes, but I’ve learned and grown from all my decisions.”

55. How much do you expect if we offer this position to you?

Be careful. If you don’t know the market value, return the question by saying that you would expect a fair salary based on the job responsibilities, your experience and skills and the market value of the job. Express your interest in the job because it fits your career goals – Receptive to a reasonable and competitive offer – don’t talk $’s. It’s always best to put off discussing salary and let PPR Career handle that. ANSWER:

I’m open to a competitive offer. I’d prefer to discuss the opportunity and allow my recruiter to handle any salary questions. Categories: General | Windows Server and MS Exchange interview questions Microsoft college recruitment questions | 8 Responses to “55 most frequently asked interview questions” 1.

Typical interview questions < TechInterviews.com Said: August 18th, 2005 11:45 pm […] This is a "dirty dozen" set of typical interview questions that Dan Johnston from PPR Career sent us. Refer to the set of answers for details. […]

2.

raj Said: September 5th, 2005 5:07 am can we run the progs without including header files 1)copying all the contents of relevant header files then what about library linking: auto? or like pascal all in one default standard header and library file? or by means of macros 2nd thing can we run programs without operating

system ? like on 8085 kit basically what happens about routines or memory management overheads 3.

Rashanda Said: May 10th, 2006 11:28 am This is the best sight for inteview advice i have been on all day. The information is very precise, and exactly what i needed.

4.

Amanda Said: November 16th, 2006 5:36 pm These are a good set of basis How to’s. I am new to the Job Circuit. 10 years in the military, those things don’t tend to help you hunt for a job. So the questions and answers are a great source of knowledge for those of us just getting out there.

5.

Arushi Shanker Said: June 5th, 2007 8:23 am this is just brilliant !!!!!! Good work Dan…..i have given interviews before and even interviwed people in the past…and trust me some of these questions have often given me goosebumps. Even when i knew what i wanted to say..i just din”t know how to put it across to the interviewer. The questions do sound easy but it really needs some brains to answer them correctly.These faq’s would really do a lot of good to those applying for managerial jobs, who have experience but don’t really know how to show it.

Thanks 6.

indrani gorti Said: June 28th, 2007 11:08 pm This site is an excellent source to face interviews in today’s scenario, especially with the question and answer type mode, because it makes us feel so easy to answer in the interviews. It also boosts up and induces confidence to techies who are just getting out there.

7.

Nicketia Said: September 25th, 2007 1:55 pm Hats off to you Dan! You’ve done a great job providing such details for persons trying to enter the competitive job market. These are the winning 55 questions to help land that dream job. As Indrani Gorti mentioned “techies”, I myself am not one, however your Q & A is ideal for anyone in any given situation. Tah, Nicky

8.

topeka Said: October 9th, 2007 5:28 pm Thanks Dan, This site is great. I have never thought to look at any sight before an interview. This site is excellent, because all three interviews I have had I have failed

due to the lack of knowledge of answering the questions correctly. I really thought that I was leaving a good impression, but all the while I was leaving without the job. I am so glad that I found this site. I have an interview on the October 18, and I am very sure that these are some of the questions that the will ask, but now that I know better I will do better, and when I do better I will feel confident with getting the job. Thanks Topeka

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Windows Server and MS Exchange interview questions 1. What is DH? How we configure DH? 2. What are the ways to configure DNS & Zones? 3. What are the types of backup? Explain each? 4. What are Levels of RAID 0, 1, 5? Which one is better & why? 5. What are FMSO Roles? List them. 6. Describe the lease process of the DH server. 7. Disaster Recovery Plan? 8. What is scope & super scope?

9. Differences between Win 2000 Server & Advanced Server? 10. Logical Diagram of Active Directory? What is the difference between child domain & additional domain server? 11. FTP, NNTP, SMTP, KERBEROS, DNS, DH, POP3 port numbers? 12. What is Kerberos? Which version is currently used by Windows? How does Kerberos work? Microsoft Exchange Server interview questions 1. Distribution List? 2. GAL, Routing Group, Stm files, Eseutil & ininteg what are they used for? 3. What is MIME & MAPI? 4. List the services of Exchange Server 2000? 5. How would you recover Exchange server when the log file is corrupted? Categories: Windows, Networking | July contest winner 55 most frequently asked interview questions | 31 Responses to “Windows Server and MS Exchange interview questions” 1.

Masud Said: January 24th, 2006 7:12 pm On a recent interview i was asked “What is the maximum storage capacity for Exchange standard

version? What would you do if it reaches maximum capacity?” 2.

saed Said: February 18th, 2006 3:43 am 1. boot process in windows nt/xp/2000/2003 2. how do you configure memory dump if c:,d:,e: & paging file is configured so and so way? 3. backups ? which is better, why and which to use when? 4. disaster recovery plan? 5. DH lease process 6. DNS zones, chronicle records what are they? 7. DH relay agent where to place it? 8. what is active directory compared to SAM? 9. what is GC? how many required for A Tree? 10. what is forest? 11. Group policies? 12. FSMO Roles?

3.

Shri Said: April 1st, 2006 6:27 am I haved asked following question about Active directory 2000. Can I changed if my machince’s connectivity to DC who holds PDC emulator role has been fails?

4.

Vipin Bansal Said: April 26th, 2006 7:00 am

Exchange 2000 Server Standard Edition limits the database size to 16 gigabytes. 5.

Mohamed Azlan Said: May 8th, 2006 10:43 am What is the diffence between SD-RAM and DD-RAM ?

6.

shaik Said: June 29th, 2006 2:25 am can i change my Dc ip(dns,pref dns,gateway) while dc is working. and can i give another ip. (what happend if i give that ip and what happend about the replication of ther dc when i am in suspend mode) ?

7.

mohd.sameer Said: August 3rd, 2006 1:30 am i have been asked if there is set of 30 harddisk configured for raid 5 if two harddisk failed what about data

8.

Tech Said: September 17th, 2006 3:40 am i have been asked if there is set of 30 harddisk configured for raid 5 if two harddisk failed what about data

Tech Interviews comment by mohd.sameer 9.

Raj Narayan Said: September 23rd, 2006 12:51 am Hi, Can anybody give me the answer of the mention questions. 1.How Can i Deploy the Latest Patched in Pc through G.P. wihtout having the Right in Pc. 2.How to remove the $sharing through G.P. in 1000 PCs. 3.In Raid 5,Suppose i have 5 HDD of 10-10 GB, After configuring the Raid how much space do i have for utilise. 4.How Can i Resolve the Svr name through Nslookup. Thanks & Regards, Raj Narayan

10. Debabrata

Swain Said: October 17th, 2006 7:49 am What is difference between scope and superscope ?

11. Aarif

Shaikh Said: November 26th, 2006 10:13 am Q) Can I changed if my machince’s connectivity to DC who holds PDC emulator role has been fails? A) No You cant the .

Q) i have been asked if there is set of 30 harddisk configured for raid 5 if two harddisk failed what about data A) It depends how u had configured ur RAID its only Raid5 or with with spare if its only raid 5 then in raid5 if ur 2 nos of HDD goes then ur raid is gone. Q) How Can i Deploy the Latest Patched in Pc through G.P. wihtout having the Right in Pc. A) Create a batch file and place all the patches in the Netlogon, and deploy the batch file through GP to all the pcs so the same should take affect after restarting the pc. Q) In Raid 5,Suppose i have 5 HDD of 10-10 GB, After configuring the Raid how much space do i have for utilise. A) -1 out of the total (eg- if u r using 5 u will get only 4 because 1 goes for parity). Q) How Can i Resolve the Svr name through Nslookup A) what exactly u want to do, nslookup command will let u know through which server u r getting routed, (eg- c:\nslookup then u will get ur domain name to which u r getting routed. and if u want to get the name of the pc/server with the ip address then u have to give the command c:\nbtstat -a ip xx-xx-xx-xx) 12. bart

Said: November 29th, 2006 12:27 am

How Can i Deploy the Latest Patched in Pc through G.P. wihtout having the Right in Pc. A) Create a batch file and place all the patches in the Netlogon, and deploy the batch file through GP to all the pcs so the same should take affect after restarting the pc. the answer to the above question is incorrect. you cannot deploy a batch file using group policy. you can only publish or assign msi packages or Zap files. They are the only two valid file formats allowable when using “intellimirror”. in active directory. 13. Rehamn

Shaikh Said: January 5th, 2007 8:35 am What are FMSO Roles? List them ANS:Fsmo roles are server roles in a Forest There are five types of FSMO roles 1-Scheema master 2-Domain naming master 3-Rid master 4-PDC Emullator 5-Infrastructure master

14. Imran

Khan Said: January 11th, 2007 1:13 am What is Kerberos? Which version is currently used by Windows? How does Kerberos work?

15. vamsi

Said: January 30th, 2007 8:25 am what is the difference between 2k and 2k3? what is the difference between dns and wins? what is sysprep? what is netlogon?

16. akshaya

Said: February 2nd, 2007 9:07 am how many types of server? (2) what is hotfrix. (3)what is the difrences btwen 2k , 2k3 and xp? (4)how many types DNS (5)hOW MANY TYPES NET ADDRES? (1)WHAT IS T-VOLI. (7) WHICH PROTOCOL USED FOR SENDING MESSAGE. (8) TELL ME WHY WE R USEING EXCHANGE SERVER? (9) WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF DH? (10) HOW DH CONFIGURE? PLEASE SEND ALL ANS I NEED YOUR HELP .

17. usha

Said: February 18th, 2007 2:38 am what is hotfrix.

It is hotfix, which microsoft realese whenever there is a bug or for updation of Operating system. (3)what is the difrences btwen 2k , 2k3 and xp? Xp is a client operating system it cannot act as a server, 2k domain name cannot be renamed, no shadow copying, 2k3 domain name can be renamed, shadow copying is possible (4)how many types DNS I think there are about 7 types… (1)WHAT IS T-VOLI. Tivoli is montiroing tool (7) WHICH PROTOCOL USED FOR SENDING MESSAGE. SNMP (9) WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF DH? for providing ip address dynamically 18. Varadarajam

Said: March 26th, 2007 3:48 pm *** What is the difference between Win2k Server and Win2k3? 1. We can’t rename domain in Win2k,u can rename in Win2k3 2. IIS 5.0 in Win2k and IIS 6.0 in Win2k3 3. No Volume Shadow Copying in Win2k, its available in Win2k3 4. Active Directory Federation Systems in Win2k3

Like that some other security features added in Win2k3, main features are above ***WHICH PROTOCOL USED FOR SENDING MAIL? SMTP — Simple Mail Transfer Protocal is used to Sending mails. ***TELL ME WHY WE R USEING EXCHANGE SERVER? This is a mail server.. we can use this Server to send mails in Intranet as well as outside. *** What is DH? To assign ip addresses automatically. *** DH relay agent where to place it? DH Relay agent u need to place in Software Router. *** what is forest? Is a collection of trees. Tree is nothing but collection domains which is having same name space. domain contains domain controllers.. forest — Tree — Domain – Don’t get confused.. Understand carefully. *** what is GC? how many required for A Tree?

Global Catalog server is a Searchable Index book. With this we can find out any object in the Active Directory. Also it works as logon authentication for Group hips. We can have each domain controller in domain or only first domain controller in a domain.. *** DNS zones, chronicle records what are they? In Windows 2000 there are mainly 3 zones Standard Primary — zone information writes in Txt file Standard Secondary — copy of Primary Active Directory Integrated– Information stores in Active Directory in win2k3 one more zone is added that is Stub zone –Stub is like secondary but it contains only copy of SOA records, copy of NS records, copy of A records for that zone. No copy of MX, SRV records etc., With this Stub zone DNS traffic will be low *** FSMO Roles? Flexible Single Master Operation Roles 1. Domain Naming Master — Forest Wide Roles 2. Schema Master — Forest Wide Roles 3. RID Master — Domain Wide Roles

4. PDC Emulator — Domain Wide Roles 5. Infrastructure Master — Domain Wide Roles RID Master — It assigns RID and SID to the newly created object like s and computers. If RID master is down (u can create security objects upto RID pools are avialable in DCs) else u can’t create any object one its down PDC emulator : It works as a PDC to any NT Bdcs in your environment It works as Time Server (to maintain same time in your network) It works to change the s, lockout etc., Infrastructure Master: This works when we are renaming any group member ship object this role takes care. Domain Naming Master : Adding / Changing / Deleting any Domain in a forest it takes care Schema Master : It maintains structure of the Active Directory in a forest. *** FTP, NNTP, SMTP, KERBEROS, DNS, DH, POP3 port numbers? FTP : 20, 21 (20 is for controlling, 21 is Transmitting) NNTP : 119

SMTP : 25 Kerberos : 88 DNS : 53 DH : 67, 68 Pop3 : 110 *** What is Kerberos? Which version is currently used by Windows? How does Kerberos work? Kerberos is the uthentication used in Win2000 and Win2003 Active Directory servers Kerberos version in 5.0 Port is : 88 Its more secure and encrypted than NTLM (NT authentication) 19. Sunit

Suri Said: May 21st, 2007 11:03 am What is the new major feature introduced in Exchange 2003, which was not included in Exchange 2000? How can you recover a deleted mail box ? what is the use of ESUtil.exe ? What are the port Numbers for pop3, imap, smtp port, smtp over ssl, pop3 over ssl, imap over ssl ?

Difference between Exchance 2003 and 2007? what is RPC over Http ? What is required for using RPC over Https with MS Outlook ? If you have deleted the , after you recreated the same . How you will give the access of previous mail box ? What are the prequisite for installation of Exchange Server ? What is the use of NNTP with exchange ? If NNTP service get stoped, what features of exchange will be effected ? Which protocol is used for Public Folder ? How will take backup of Active Directory ? What are the content of System State backup ? there r more…. i’ll update soon……. 20. Harish

P Said: June 1st, 2007 2:42 pm Describe the lease process of the DH server. Ans : A DH lease is the amount of time that the DH server grants to the DH client permission to

use a particular IP address. A typical server allows its to set the lease time. 21. Harish

P Said: June 1st, 2007 3:43 pm 7. Disaster Recovery Plan? Ans: Deals with the restoration of computer system with all attendent software and connections to full functionality under a variety of damaging or interfering external condtions.

22. shan

Said: June 22nd, 2007 9:57 am Which protocol is used for Public Folder ? ANS: SMTP What is the use of NNTP with exchange ? ANS: This protocol is used the news group in exchange.

23. shan

Said: June 22nd, 2007 10:11 am How will take backup of Active Directory ? Ans: Take the system state data backup. This will backup the active directory database. Microsoft recomend only Full backup of system state database What are the content of System State backup ?

The cotents are Boot fles,system files Active directory (if its done on DC) Sysvol folder(if it done on DC) Cerficate service ( on a CA server) Cluster database ( on a clsture server) registry Performance couter configuration inormation Coponet services class registration database 24. shan

Said: June 22nd, 2007 9:41 pm What are the prequisite for installation of Exchange Server ? The pre requsite are IIS SMTP WWW service NNTP .NET Framework ASP.NET Then run Forestprep The run domainprep

25. Brian

Said: June 25th, 2007 9:44 am bart said, How Can i Deploy the Latest Patched in Pc through G.P. wihtout having the Right in Pc.

A) Create a batch file and place all the patches in the Netlogon, and deploy the batch file through GP to all the pcs so the same should take affect after restarting the pc. the answer to the above question is incorrect. you cannot deploy a batch file using group policy. you can only publish or assign msi packages or Zap files. They are the only two valid file formats allowable when using “intellimirror”. in active directory. Actually you are incorrect as well. If you create a script and assign it to the STARTUP script in a GPO applied to the COMPUTER and not the , then it runs as a local on the computer. 26. Shahnawaz

Mulla Said: September 12th, 2007 10:42 pm Where is active directory stored?

27. Khan

Said: October 1st, 2007 12:45 am What is difference between scope and superscope ? Scope in dh, where u can specify a range of IP Address which will be leased to the dh clients. Superscope is the combination of multiple scopes.

28. Khan

Said: October 1st, 2007 12:58 am Describe the lease process of the DH server. DH Server leases the IP addresses to the clients as follows : DORA D (Discover) : DH Client sends a broadcast packets to identify the dh server, this packet will contain the source MAC. O (Offer) : Once the packet is recieved by the DH server, the server will send the packet containing Source IP and Source MAC. R (Request) : Client will now the DH server directly and request for the IP address. A (Acknowledge) : DH server will send an ack packet which contains the IP address. The default lease period is 8 days.

29. Khan

Said: October 1st, 2007 1:02 am What is the new major feature introduced in Exchange 2003, which was not included in Exchange 2000? 1) RPC over HTTPS. 2) Volume Shadow Copy for backup. 3) Super ols like ExDeploy. 4) Improved security, including all those of IIS v 6.0. Pl let me know if u still find more differnces.

30. Khan

Said: October 1st, 2007 1:19 am What are the port Numbers for pop3, imap, smtp port, smtp over ssl, pop3 over ssl, imap over ssl ? POP3 : 110 Standard IMAP4 : 143 SMTP : 25 pop3 over ssl : 992 imap over ssl : 993

31. Khan

Said: October 1st, 2007 1:32 am What are the prequisite for installation of Exchange Server 2003? * IIS * SMTP services * NNTP services * ASP.NET * www services * .net framework

hInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Questions to ask during HR interview Usually by the end of the interview the HR person would ask you whether you have any questions. Under the stress of the job interview sometimes nothing comes to mind, but here’s a list of useful questions to ask. 1. Why do you enjoy working for this company? 2. What attracted you to this organization? 3. Can you describe the work environment here? 4. How do you describe the philosophy of the company or organization? 5. What do you consider to be the organization’s strengths and weaknesses? 6. Can you tell me more about my day-to-day responsibilities? 7. How soon are you looking to fill this position? 8. How do my skills compare with those of the other candidates you have interviewed? 9. I have really enjoyed meeting with you and your team, and I am very interested in the opportunity. I feel my skills and experience would be a good match for this position. What is the next step in your interview process? 10. Before I leave, is there anything else you need to know concerning my ability to do this job?

11. In your opinion, what is the most important contribution that this company expects from its employees? 12. Is there a structured career path at the company? 13. What are my prospects for advancement? If I do a good job, what is a logical next step? 14. Assuming I was hired and performed well for a period of time, what additional opportunities might this job lead to? 15. Do the most successful people in the company tend to come from one area of the company, such as sales or engineering, or do they rise from a cross section of functional areas? 16. I know that for the position for which I am interviewing, the company decided to recruit from outside the organization. How do you decide between recruiting from within and going outside? 17. How does this position relate to the bottom line? 18. What advice would you give to someone in my position? 19. What major problems are we facing right now in this department or position? 20. Can you give me a formal, written description of the position? I’m interested in reviewing in detail the major activities involved and what results are expected. 21. Does this job usually lead to other positions in the company? Which ones? 22. Can you please tell me a little bit about the people with whom I’ll be working most closely?

23. As I understand the position, the title as ________, the duties are _______, and the department is called ________. I would report directly to __________. Is that right? 24. Can you talk about the company’s commitment to equal opportunity and diversity? 25. Who are the company’s stars, and how was their status determined? 26. How are executives addressed by their subordinates? 27. What can you tell me about the prevailing management style? 28. If you hired me, what would be my first assignment? 29. Does the company have a mission statement? May I see it? Does the company have a mission statement? May I see it? Categories: General | SAP Interview Questions .NET interview questions at Wipro | 93 Responses to “Questions to ask during HR interview” 1.

Renuka Padhi Said: April 16th, 2005 12:04 pm Hi , I am really depressed about hr interview. always I am come back home after hr interview. can u please. give me some questins with answer. I

have gone through you hr questions , it’r really very good. Now I want to ask you only few question , you send me questions with answer. 1. Why do u looking for change. 2. what is the work of team leader. 3.what do u like to be after 3 years With regards Renuka padhi 2.

sudhir Said: May 12th, 2005 12:48 am It is realy good.Cam u plz send asw of these 1. Why do u looking for change. 2. what is the work of team leader. 3.what do u like to be after 3 years

3.

Ranjit Kishor Verma (PRITHS) Said: June 5th, 2005 8:32 am Hi, as far as i think, your ans could be… 1. Why do u looking for change. Hint : this is very common question, you can just say “for better prospect”, but dont stop here, they hate this answer, u need to be little bit honest about it. u can explore this word, like better prospect is composed of mainly two things viz. a) Groth and b) Money. rest explanation is up to you.

2. what is the work of team leader. a) Work distribution within his/her team. b) Keeping track of work progress for every individual team . c) providing backup if necessary.(in of technique or references). 3.what do u like to be after 3 years The ans of this question is all upto your profile, trade, and your Goal. 4.

ash Said: June 8th, 2005 10:54 am Hi , I am really depressed about hr interview. always I am come back home after hr interview. can u please. give me some questins with answer. I have gone through you hr questions , it’r really very good. Now I want to ask you only few question , you send me questions with answer. 1. what will u do if u r not get selected in this interview. 2. what’s motivates you. 3. what is your weekness. With regards Ash…..

5.

bhuvana Said: June 25th, 2005 4:56 am

hai could u plz help me how to answer this quetion 1.”Y u shifted frm ur own back ground to software” and how should one convince the hr when he came up with the que like 2.”what is the gaurantee that u will continue in software industry and u may shift to ur back ground saying that u lost intrest in software ” . 3.”How u fit for TCS” and “y TCS” 6.

Anasuya Said: July 1st, 2005 5:54 am Hi, ould u plz answer my following questions? i)Tell me about urself? (What should it contain ? plz tell me serially…) ii)What do u want to change ur current job? (should my reason contain money?) iii)How do u start ur day in office? Thanks & Regards, Anasuya

7.

swetha Said: August 5th, 2005 3:45 am hi, please tell me answers for the following questions which r being asked very frequently in hr interview: 1) tell about yourself 2) tell about your family

3) what r ur strengths 4) what is ur weekness ofcourse not the exact ans but atleast wat are all the points to be included in them 8.

Pradeep MN Said: August 19th, 2005 9:33 am Hello Swetha… Before attending any interview you should be aware of few questions which are very much frequently asked(as you have mentioned.). 1. Tell me about yourself Ans : you should start up with your name, then school, college and then to your present qualification. Then tell anything about your additional courses or achievements. 2. Tell me about your family. Ans : with your parents name and their job position if any. and wind up with if you have any sisters/brothers etc. 3. Tell me about your positive. Ans : Down-to-earth, optimistic, lead a team, confident, etc 4. Tell me about your weakness. Ans : Being emotional, loose patience when work is

not done properly (this is ur weakness turned to strength!!) Never stretch too much.. be simple and straight forward! All the very best.. Tommorow is my SAP LABS interview.. hope to do best! Bye! Pradeep MN visit : http://www.itsnexgen.com 9.

ARUNKUMAR Said: September 1st, 2005 12:29 am can you tellme about answer for the following questions: 1)why i have to select you for our company? 2)what will u do if u r not get selected in this interview.

10. Abhishek

Ranjan Said: September 26th, 2005 8:47 am Hi, I had recently faced an interview of Satyam Computers, The tech interview was fine, but the HR interview was on personal ego… the HR guy of satyam was a pissed person and it seemed that he was a big failure n life that reaally made me feel that he doesn’t had anything

to do with my technical abilities and cool and charming personality.. what he tried to show was that i beg in front of him for a job which i didn’t do and so i was not selected. i hope this is just an idea other wise HR people are the people wo care for you. 11. preeti

Said: October 13th, 2005 6:47 am hi i am preeti, i have an experience of 5 years in customer care and marketing .for last 2years i am not working and doing MBA in HR .now i want to in HR . i would like to know what kind of question they will ask me . and what is the answer for question like: 1) why are you changing your field when you alredy have 5 yr experience in Mkt.

12. ramesh

Said: October 17th, 2005 1:33 pm no company will allow you to ask questions and if such questions are asked its shows that u r interviewing both the interview and the HR and many companies do not tell the truth folks, better to get know through ur friends who are already working or do lots of r&d about the company, like a. how long its in market. b. their major clients.

c. customer satisfaction index. d. partners/ channel partners. After all ur work is not related to any of these above questions, ofcourse u need to keep in mind that company goals and mission are important. Touch ur heart and say me how many have been loyal to their company. This includes even the CEOs etc… Think Think business is important but healthy one. 13. Sanju

Said: October 17th, 2005 11:36 pm Hi All, Whenever you are sitting for interview, always try to look in to the eyes of the interviewer when talking to him. It shows your level of confidence. Secondly, never argue with the interviewer. In case, you do not like something or you are sure that the interviewer is wrong somewhere then never point him and try to azvoid that situation. However, when you are employed then you can get to know the things on your own. Regards, Sanju

14. Abhishek

Ranjan Said: November 13th, 2005 4:00 pm

Hi all, i’m seeing a couple of questions moving around , i will again say that the interview process followed by these companies are not good and at time biased, i feel that they should have a change in the overall selection procedure so that companies go back with the best brain, the people with abilities and not do- nuts to fill the workspace. so with your questions. ** for Renuka padhi 1. Why do u looking for change. because change is inevitable. 2. what is the work of team leader. why u don’t know or what. 3.what do u like to be after 3 years on top of the world. ** sudhir please do not repeat some help…. hai could u plz help me how to answer this quetion 1.”Y u shifted frm ur own back ground to software” and how should one convince the hr when he came up with the que like –ans– why is it not allowed or what. 2.”what is the gaurantee that u will continue in software industry and u may shift to ur back ground saying that u lost

intrest in software ” . –ans– ok fine , what is the guarantee that i’ll not be fired off, or the company doesn’t close down forever and if you don’t pay me handsomely and show me growth ,what else i’m left with rather than switching back to my own pitch. 3.”How u fit for TCS” and “y TCS” –ans– thats for u to decide nut, i my say mattered , than i would have certainly asked you to give my offer letter as fast as you can. ramesh says, no company will allow you to ask questions and if such questions are asked its shows that u r interviewing both the interview and the HR and many companies do not tell the truth folks, better to get know through ur friends who are already working or do lots of r&d about the company, like a. how long its in market. b. their major clients. c. customer satisfaction index. d. partners/ channel partners. so can you tell me ramesh .. if i can ask these companies … Infosys, Accenture, Caritor, Cognizant, Wipro, Satyam, Kanbay, Tata Infotech, CTS, Virtusa, TCS… what kind of innovation do they have ..

and especially what has satyam, infy,tcs ,wipro, cts have to do with innovation anyways. and yes the best tip, when you in … think that you have the job just go inside hav fun talk around and ask for a salary hike . thats it and u r done. 15. sumit

Said: December 5th, 2005 4:25 am Hi All, Whenever you are sitting for interview, always try to look in to the eyes of the interviewer when talking to him. It shows your level of confidence. Secondly, never argue with the interviewer. In case, you do not like something or you are sure that the interviewer is wrong somewhere then never point him and try to azvoid that situation. However, when you are employed then you can get to know the things on your own. Regards,

16. RUDRA

RAJ JENA Said: December 26th, 2005 9:59 am HI ALL, I HW FACED MANY INTERVIEWS 4 JUST 2 HW EXPERIENCE, MANY TIMES I HW FACED A

TYPICAL ? THAT (WHY U PERFER 2 DO MBA. MY ANSWER 2 THEM IS THAT MBA IS MY INTERREST AREA SO PERFER 4 THAT . BUT MOST OF INTERVIEWER R NOT SATISFIED WITH THAT ANSWER. SO KINDLY HELP ME 2 ANSWER ALL THESE QUESTIONS. SEND ME ANSWER OF THESE QUESTIONS. 1- WHY U WANT 2 PURSUE MBA WHY NOT ANY OTHER LINE? 2- HOW DO U PROPOSE TO COMPENSATE UR LACK OF EXPERIENCE? 3- WHAT DA WORK OF TEAM LEADER? THANKING U. 17. malik

mehtab aziz Said: January 8th, 2006 10:35 pm Hi , I am really depressed about hr interview. always I am come back home after hr interview. can u please. give me some questins with answer. I have gone through you hr questions , it’r really very good. Now I want to ask you only few question , you send me questions with answer. 1. Why do u looking for change. 2. what is the work of team leader. 3.what do u like to be after 3 years my name is malik mehtab aziz send me this adress i really thanks you for this act of kindness

malik mehtab aziz post office shan colont(wanda mochiawala) d i khan(nwfp)pakistan 18. aruna

meshram Said: January 14th, 2006 5:39 am 1) tell about yourself 2) tell about your family 3) what r ur strengths 4) what is ur weekness 5) Why software testing,why not devlopment 6)what field would u choose if software testing would not be in existance 7)why u want to move to testing from teaching. 8)as a fresher what is ur expected salary) 9)if another company pay u more,u will leave this company? 10)why this company?

19. Hemang

Shah Said: February 13th, 2006 9:23 am 1- WHY U WANT 2 PURSUE MBA WHY NOT ANY OTHER LINE?

20. jitendra

sharma Said: April 4th, 2006 5:07 pm my question is- when our weakness is asked, then should we mention those points that affacts the concern company or not.

21. kunal

Said: April 5th, 2006 12:39 pm i m bein rejected thrice in only hr interview so wanna know the ans tell me ur strength n wickness? abt ur self/? why should we take u.? why do u wanna our company? where do u c urself after 5 yrs? wat qualiteis a good team leader should have? i am doin engg ,hv been rejected in tcs,l&t,aztec so plz help me out? mail me the ans at my email id plz

22. pavan

Said: April 13th, 2006 1:25 am hi i would like to know answer for the most common question which would an interviewer ask’s for the marketing and sales job 1. what motivates you?

23. dharmendra

raninga Said: April 19th, 2006 3:50 am 1. what will u do if u r not get selected in this interview. 2. what’s motivates you. 3. what is your weekness.

24. mallikarjun

Said: June 4th, 2006 3:50 am hi to all, I have attend couple of interviews, present i have been working in a marketing executive and i want to shift to my carrier to insurance that’s why i attend couple of interviews they asked 1.why did u what to shift from your company to insurance? 2. what do u know about insurance? 3.you have 2 years of experence in marketing so u have to growth in that company based on experence then why do u what to change that organisation? how will give answeres for those questins

25. Abhishek

Gupta Said: June 9th, 2006 8:30 am hello everybody… After being rejected by TCS & MBT..I had been preparing for HR interviews. But this time after clearing 4 rounds (out of 6)of Avaya India Ltd. including HR, apti, technical written, technical INterview, HR, & finally MR., Iam rejected in HR round(5th one). The possible reason as I think could be qustion over my INterest in Music.I can play any instrument. He asked me “why u dont choose music as a profession ?” & I said Iam not classically sound. HIs

next fire was “why not learned classical music ?” I replied-”I came t know this at the end of 6th sem that to be a professional classical music is must. But later on I was busy with my project in 7th sem & couldnt get time to learn it.” Can u tell me wat could be the possible reason for my rejection as far as this question is concerned? One thing more…HE asked my strengths & I told”consistency & my urge to perform better & better.” Is threr any contradiciton between these two? I showed him the reason for my second strength. Plz clear my confusion..that could help me in further interviews. with regards abhishek gupta 26. Gopala

Krishna Said: June 23rd, 2006 4:49 am Dear Abhishek, I read ur mail and I am sorry for ur not making in ur interview.hey boy cheer up best is at to come. About what u asked I feel that u didnot answer it properly.Becuase u said music was ur hobby not a ion. We can live happily if me make our carrer in things in which we are ionate for.For example everyone is interested in listening to music but

everyone cant be become a musician since its there interest not a ion. About our weakness and strenghts u must be true and honest.U used the word better and better did u explained it to him. Thats I am wanna say u my friend.I hope it will help u 27. Gopala

Krishna Said: June 23rd, 2006 5:01 am Dear Renuka, I saw ur mail and I am saying what I feel I hope this will help u. 1. Why do u looking for change. u can say I am changing for improvement and to face more challenges then what is in my present job or field 2. what is the work of team leader. the work of team is leader is see that the work is goin on according to schedule.He must take care of people working under him, them,encourage them.He must also inform to his higher officials abt the work and workers. Add some more like this from technical point of view 3.what do u like to be after 3 years This is the questions which tell how much well prepared ur and how much planning u do.No matter in whatever position u enter u will be new to the

compnany.So first of all I would like to be liked and permanent employee.Then gradually earn my experience and increase my knowlegde and the importance of mine to the organization.So probably from three years from now I would like to be TEAM LEADER. 28. raman

Said: July 13th, 2006 3:36 am Hello. Well friends I have certain questions what really irretates me. Please give me the answers if you have….. 1. Why u wanna shift your job if you are getting good money over there. 2. Why we should recruit you. 3. What you have that other dont have. 4. We need more experienced person for so 7 so post. Do you think you are perfect for this post? REGARDS R. ARora

29. prateek

singh Said: July 14th, 2006 1:22 pm hi, i want some HR question which i faced in every interview and which put me in great problem always.so, plz send me ans. of this question.

1) career expectation. 2) why u like to our company. 30. Gopala

Krishna Said: July 15th, 2006 10:15 am Dear Parteek, The answers abt ur questions I feel 1)career expectations……to this never give answer such as to be in top most position directly at the beginning.Eventhough everyone wanna be that, the HR person will test abt ur future ideas.So tell something like I would be ing the company as fresher so I expect to earn some nice experience and become a permanent employee and increase my importance in the company.Then probably Team leader,Project Leader ,Project Manager…so and probably one day I end up as key important decision maker. 2)Why u wanna our company…this tells how much research u have done abt the company.So do alot of research(which u can get by visiting there website) and then tell how the company may be in according to ur objectives and goals.Mainthing tell what and how u can be useful aspect to the company

31. malik

mehtab aziz Said: July 15th, 2006 8:57 pm

hi, how are you Well friends I have certain questions what really irretates me. Please give me the answers if you have….. 1. Why u wanna shift your job if you are getting good money over there. 2. Why we should recruit you. 3. What you have that other dont have. 4. We need more experienced person for so 7 so post. Do you think you are perfect for this post? REGARDS malik mehtab aziz 32. komal

Said: August 1st, 2006 3:34 am hi, I read ur questions its really helpful. Some queries I want to ask u for which I want Exact answers. Hope u will help. 1. What contains in HR? / What is Hr exactly? 2. What are the qualities the HR person should have? 3. What are the duties of HR person should perform? rgds komal

33. kuldeep

sharma Said: August 28th, 2006 3:17 am hi i appeared for satyam interview, technical was cleared

Then my hr round were there, they asked me about my 3 yeras Gap betn education . i give answer that after XII i appeared for Army Exam because my ainm was to become an army officer on 2nd round i cleared my Interview but on physical round i was rejected then i prepred fopr The second best for me that is My Engineering and cleared exam and also completed within 4 years with 70.05%. rest interview was excellent they told me that they will inform me in 7 days. so i wana to know that what will be the result. 34. coolnesh

Said: September 18th, 2006 3:53 pm I believe most of the questions mentioned above will show your incompetence if asked to the HR person. Please do your own research thoroughly and you will be able to answer most of these questions. Some of them do make sense in asking but most of them should not be asked to the HR person, it will show that you don’t know much about the company you are applying to and furthermore it shows you have not thought hard about applying to that company.

35. Amit

Said: September 21st, 2006 1:58 pm hi all, plz help meInterviewer always ask me these question:1. Tell me about urself?

2. Tell me ur memorable day? 3. Why do you want this job? 4. What qualities do you think will be required for this job? 5. What do you know about this company? 6. What can we (the new company) offer that your previous company cannot offer? 7. Why should we employ you? 36. sheeba

Said: September 23rd, 2006 2:18 am 1. Why do you enjoy working for this company? 2. What attracted you to this organization? 3. Can you describe the work environment here? 4. How do you describe the philosophy of the company or organization?

37. PRANAY

Said: September 23rd, 2006 5:52 am hello sir/mam I have faced some interviews. My problem is that:1. why you want to this company. 2. why should we hire you?

38. gopal

Said: September 23rd, 2006 6:28 am hello,sir/madam, I have some problem for HR ROUND Because i do not know some question’s answer . question’s are 1:-why do you want our company?

2:-what’s your weekness? 3:-what is the work of bpo, kpo? 4:-how to improve my communication and conversation? 5:-what’s the main contains of any topic? 39. naresh

Said: September 27th, 2006 12:14 am hi …every body plz help me in getting answers for the following HR questions Tell me about urself? Tell me about your positive what’s your weekness? why should we hire you?

40. Chandini

Said: October 3rd, 2006 6:28 am Its a very commom question… Where do u see urself after 3 years from now?

41. radhika

Said: October 14th, 2006 1:41 pm hi …every body plz help me in getting answers for the following HR questions Tell me about urself? Tell me about your positive what’s your weekness? why should we hire you?

why you want to this company. why should we hire you? Where do u see urself after 3 years from now? 42. gomathi

Said: October 15th, 2006 11:32 pm hi …every body plz help me in getting answers for the following HR questions Tell me about urself? Tell me about your positive what’s your weekness? why should we hire you?

43. Harminder

Pal Singh Said: October 28th, 2006 7:51 am HI FRIENDS, WHENEVER ANY INTERVIEWER ASKS YOU THAT WHY SHOULD WE HIRE YOU THEN SIMPLY SAY’”AS I HAVE DESIRED QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE AND MOREOVER I AM very CONFIDENT TO DO SAID WORK AND HARDWORKER ENOUGH,THAT’S WHY I THINK I AM FIT FOR THE SAID POSITION.” YOU CAN ADD MORE LIKE YOU ARE GO-GETTER,MOTIVATED AND COORDINATED OR CO-OPERATIVE IN NATURE ETC. THESE SKILLS WILL HELP YOU! ALSO IF HE ASKS YOU THAT WHAT IS YOUR WEAKNESS THEN ANSWER IN SUCH A WAY

THAT IT BECOMES YOUR STRENGTH i.e. ” I AM VERY IMPATIENT IN NATURE AND VERY CRITICAL ABOUT MYSELF.WHENEVER ANY WORK GOES WRONG BY ME I CRITICE MYSELF AND DO AGAIN UNTIL IT COMPLETES!” YOU CAN ADD MORE BY TAKING ANY HINT FROM THIS LINE. TAKE CARE FOLKS, [email protected] 44. Ajit

Kumar Jha Said: October 29th, 2006 3:52 am HI all I have clear the technical round in many company,but don’t clear the the HR round.So really i m depressed. Qus:1.tell me about yourself? 2.Why you want to change ur company? 3.why u want to our company? 4.Expeted salary? 5.Family Background? and so on…………. Plz send me the appropriate answer.

45. Harminder

Pal Singh Said: October 31st, 2006 5:50 am Hi Mr. Ajit,

Please need not to be afraid of such type of questions. The interviewer is just like normal human being and will not eat you dear! Have confidence in yourself and if he ask you such type of question i.e. Tell me about yourself then dear start like this,” Sir myself____ and i have done graduation from____ (More Education, you can add)and i have____years vast or strong experience in the area of marketing/HR/Finance with___company. My big achievement is____ in this company (If you have any). I believe in this that Never say die spirit. I am a go-getter and co-operative in nature. I am a good listener and hard worker also! I can perform very well also in stiff conditions. I can change myself according to time! That’s all about me, sir!” Look these lines shows your capabilities and strenghts and too much! But please dear, never speak about your family until it asks! Again if question is why u want a change then simply say,” Sir, Just for better prospectus and growth and moreover i want to be mentally strong by working with your esteemed company as i think your company will provide enough help to me to tackel the challenges which are necessary for the growth of any company as well as for their employee.” Look these lines show your carefullness towards that company!! Your answer should be there in that question in which it is asked that why u wanna to change your company and that is,” Sir As i think in my previous company all is well there but still i was feeling that there was lack of coordination. Sometimes i was under pressure when i had to solve my problem from my colleagues.” But

dear please never-3 criticise your previous employer. It will give false impression about yourself. And in expected salary’s qestion; your first answer should be,” Sir as per company norms!” But if again this question he asks then simply say,” Sir look i was drawing Rs—- Per month and hence it should be more than that or it should be in this criteria. For eg. if you are drawing Rs.8000/- per month, then you should say in between 8000-12000. Then it can be negotiated! Dear, Need not to be afraid of such type of questions. You should be already prepare yourself by taking the help of your friend or by taking help of any member of your family. Or you can prepare yourself by standing in front of mirror! HR person is very sweet in nature and helps you many times when he looks that you are feeling nervous on any question. He immidiately changes your attention from that question and asks you that question in such an easy way that you don’t feel hesitation and give anser so easily!!!! Dear, and about your family, then it is easy. I think everyone can give this answer immidiately and you also can!!! You should be attentive,presentative and always in formal dress in any interview! Take care and wishing you all the very best! Regards Harminder Pal Singh [email protected]

46. Harminder

Pal Singh Said: October 31st, 2006 6:11 am Hi Mr. Ajit, Please need not to be afraid of such type of questions. The interviewer is just like normal human being! Have confidence in yourself and if he ask you such type of question i.e. Tell me about yourself then dear start like this,” Sir myself____ and i have done graduation from____ (More Education, you can add)and i have____years vast or strong experience in the area of marketing/HR/Finance with___company. My big achievement is____ in this company (If you have any). I believe in this that Never say die spirit. I am a go-getter and co-operative in nature. I am a good listener and hard worker also! I can perform very well also in stiff conditions. I can change myself according to time! That’s all about me, sir!” Look these lines shows your capabilities and strenghts and too much! But please dear, never speak about your family until it asks! Again if question is why u want a change then simply say,” Sir, Just for better prospectus and growth and moreover i want to be mentally strong by working with your esteemed company as i think your company will provide enough help to me to tackel the challenges which are necessary for the growth of any company as well as for their employee.” Look these lines show your carefullness towards that company!! Your answer should be there in that question in which it is asked that why u wanna to change your company

and that is,” Sir As i think in my previous company all is well there but still i was feeling that there was lack of co-ordination. Sometimes i was under pressure when i had to solve my problem from my colleagues.” But dear please never-3 criticise your previous employer. It will give false impression about yourself. And in expected salary’s qestion; your first answer should be,” Sir as per company norms!” But if again this question he asks then simply say,” Sir look i was drawing Rs—- Per month and hence it should be more than that or it should be in this criteria. For eg. if you are drawing Rs.8000/- per month, then you should say in between 8000-12000. Then it can be negotiated! Dear,You should be already prepare yourself by taking the help of your friend or by taking help of any member of your family. Or you can prepare yourself by standing in front of mirror! HR person is very sweet in nature and helps you many times when he looks that you are feeling nervous on any question. He immidiately changes your attention from that question and asks you that question in such an easy way that you don’t feel hesitation and give anser so easily!!!! Dear,about your family, then it is easy. I think everyone can give this answer immidiately and you also can!!! You should be attentive,presentative and always in formal dress in any interview! Take care and wishing you all the very best!

Regards Harminder Pal Singh [email protected] 47. Jaydeep

Mukhopadhyay Said: October 31st, 2006 5:34 pm I had a negotiation of my salary recently with one HRperson of a reputed company. He was agreed to pay me close to what I asked. But they are offering a pay structure wherein my Basic Salary and PF deduction is getting reduced. Although, it fulfills my desired monthly salary as they are offering Large amount of variable Pay. Is it advisable to change my job just on the basis of seeing my monthly take home salary? Or if really Basic and Gross Salary does matter.

48. Harminder

Pal Singh Said: November 1st, 2006 6:49 am HI JAYDEEP, HOW ARE YOU DEAR? FIRSTLY I JUST WANT TO TELL YOU THAT I AM ALSO AN HR PERSON! NOW DEAR IF YOU ARE THINKING THAT YOU SHOULD CHANGE YOUR PRESENT JOB ON THE BASIS OF SALARY STRUCTURE THEN I MUST SUGGEST YOU ONE THING— IF YOU THINK THAT IT IS A GOOD PACKAGE THEN

YOU SHOULD ACCEPT THIS BUT BUT BUT BUT FIRSTLY YOU SHOULD COMPARE ALL OTHER THINGS i.e. SERVICES OF THE COMPANY, TRUSTWORTHINESS OF THE COMPANY, YOU MUST HAVE SOME KNOWLEDGE OF YOUR NEW EMPLOYER BY TAKING HELP OF ANY CLOSE FRIEND OR ANY EMPLOYEE (WHO IS YOUR CLOSE) OF THAT COMPANY OR BY SECURITY GUARD JUST FOR HIS/HER BEHAVIOUR WITH OTHER EMPLOYEES ( IT IS VERY COMPULSORY )!!! ALSO GET SOME MORE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT CONDITIONS OF WORK OR ENVIRONMENT OVER THERE ‘COZ IT MAY HELP YOU IN CHOOSING RIGHT OPPORTUNITY. HUMMMM!!!! BUT TO ME, IT IS A BIG MISTAKE IF WE ARE CHANGING OUR JOB JUST ON THE ISSUE OF SALARY! JUST TELL ME DEAR, DON’T HAVE YOU FAITH UPON YOURSELF??? IF YOU DO WELL IN YOUR PRESENT JOB THEN I AM SURE YOU WILL GET DOUBLE IN YOUR PRESENT JOB!! AM I WRONG???!!! LET WE IT THAT YOU ARE NOT GETTING MUCH AFTER YOUR HARD WORK OVER THERE EVEN AFTER SO MANY YEARS, THEN IN THIS CASE YOU ARE FREE AND YOU MUST TAKE ANY STEP!!! BUT TO ME IT IS NOT A WISE ACT UNTIL YOU COMPARE ALL OTHER THINGS TOO!!

BASIC AND GROSS SALARY DOES NOT MATTER OFTENLY!!! THIS REALLY MATTERS HOW MUCH CONSCIOUS YOU ARE IN CHOOSING RIGHT PLACE AND RIGHT OPPORTUNITY!!! BEST WISHES DEAR! HARMINDER PAL SINGH [email protected] 49. Viral

Patel Said: November 11th, 2006 5:56 am Would you please tell me about HR Question. 1) What experience do you have working within Service Level Agreement? 2)What are the component of ICT Service team that ensure the effective delivery of Customer focused Service ? 3)How could You automate Hardware Audit? 4)How have you Contribute to ensure the service level agreement has been achieved? 50 Can you give one example of How you have contributed to such an approach in an ICT Team ?

50. venkatreddy

Said: November 23rd, 2006 12:11 pm hi! Im facing trouble with HR interview questions given below

tell me about ur self? why r u leaving ur current position? wht abt ur strengths? wht abt ur weaknesses? wh r u changing ur present location?(I mean im living in hyd they ask for noida) kindly give me the proper solutions to me 51. bharath

reddy Said: November 24th, 2006 7:53 am pl. give me answwrs immediately i want answers pl. i have completed my CA FINAL GR.2, WAITING FOR THE RESULTS OF gR.1 1.what influenced u to follow this career path ? 2. GIVE AN example of one of your best achievements at work. 3. tell about a major problem u have recently handled? how did u resolved it ? 4. do u intend to undertake study further ?

52. Nikul

Patel Said: December 15th, 2006 4:54 am hi! Im facing trouble with HR interview questions given below tell me about ur self? why r u leaving ur current position?

wht abt ur strengths? wht abt ur weaknesses? wh r u changing ur present location?(I mean im living in hyd they ask for noida) kindly give me the proper solutions to me 53. kishore

Said: December 21st, 2006 2:46 am Hi Your questions are really nice.Please can u answer it to all the questions.so that i can know better.Please send me answers to the below questions Tell me about yourself? Which adjectives would you use to describe yourself? What is your greatest strength? What is your greatest weakness? Why do you want this position?” Why do you want to leave your current job? (Why did you leave your last job?) How do you handle stressful situations? What is the toughest problem you’ve had to face, and how did you overcome it? Why do you want this position? Why are you the best person for this job?

54. Ahad

Said: December 28th, 2006 2:10 am HI all I was given 1 interview to HR in Telenor Pakistan,

and call me for another interview so i am really looking for the following… Qus:1.tell me about yourself? 2.Why you want to change ur company? 3.why u want to our company? 4.Expeted salary? 5.Family Background? and so on…………. 55. Neeta

Varghese Said: January 24th, 2007 9:13 am Hi I have done my MBA in HR.Today i went for an interview for IT Recruiter.I faced problems in certain questions which r given below 1)Why did u opt for MBA after doing ur BCOM? 2)What is ur worst incident in life? 3)What is ur best incident in life?

56. Manish

Bhatia Said: February 2nd, 2007 8:52 am Hi Please can u answer it to all the questions.so that i can know better.Please send me answers to the below questions Tell me about yourself? Which adjectives would you use to describe yourself?

What is your greatest strength? What is your greatest weakness? Why do you want this position?” Why do you want to leave your current job? (Why did you leave your last job?) How do you handle stressful situations? What is the toughest problem you’ve had to face, and how did you overcome it? Why do you want this position? Why are you the best person for this job? Where do u want to see yourself after 5 years? How long will u stay? Thanks 57. praveen

Said: February 12th, 2007 7:24 am hi, please tell me answers for the following questions which r being asked very frequently in hr interview: tell about yourself tell about your family what r ur strengths what is ur weekness Which adjectives would you use to describe yourself? What is your greatest strength? What is your greatest weakness? Why do you want this position?” Why do you want this position? Why are you the best person for this job?

Where do u want to see yourself after 5 years? How long will u stay? 58. rohit

garg Said: February 17th, 2007 2:10 am hi, on 21 feb i will give an interview of bpo company. i want to know about the questions of interview of bpo companies.plz tell me the answer of the following questions? Why do you enjoy working for this company? What attracted you to this organization? tell about your family tell abut ur friend? tell about any incident? tell the story of any movie? tell about ur mothr,father,brother? define urself in a simgle sentence? Which adjectives would you use to describe yourself? Why do you want this position?” Why do you want this position? Why are you the best person for this job? What is the toughest problem you’ve had to face, and how did you overcome it? Where do u want to see yourself after 5 years? why do you want to us? What is ur worst incident in life? What is ur best incident in life? plz also send me some interview questions with answers which basiclly ask in bpo interviews?

from: rohit garg 59. susmita

sengupta Said: February 21st, 2007 10:55 am pls tell me how 2 face this type of questions1)what are ur greatest weakness? 2)why do u want 2 IT company as u r a student of electronics? 3)where do u see yourself after 5 years from now? 4)describe ur ideal company location & job? 5)what r ur career options rigth now? 6)what is ur hobby? pls pls send the answers 2 my email as my interview will start on 28th FEB,2007.pls send me urgent. susmita 21.02.07

60. Altaf

Said: February 23rd, 2007 7:57 am Qus:1.tell me about yourself? 2.Why you want to change ur company? 3.why u want 4)where do u see yourself after 5 years from now? to our company? 5.why u want to our company? 6. Why we should recruit you. 7) what r ur strengths

8) what is ur weekness 9) what will u do if u r not get selected in this interview. 61. Sachin

Said: February 26th, 2007 5:37 am i want to know about the questions of interview of MNC companies.plz tell me the answer of the following questions? Why do you enjoy working for this company? What attracted you to this organization? tell about your family tell about any incident? tell about ur mothr,father,brother? define urself in a simgle sentence? Which adjectives would you use to describe yourself? Why do you want this position? Why are you the best person for this job? What is the toughest problem you’ve had to face, and how did you overcome it? Where do u want to see yourself after 5 years? why do you want to us? What is ur worst incident in life? What is ur best incident in life? What r ur strength What r ur weakness plz also send me some interview questions with answers which basiclly ask in interviews?

62. Sachin

Said: February 27th, 2007 12:16 am i want to know about the questions of interview of MNC companies.plz tell me the answer of the following questions? Why do you enjoy working for this company? What attracted you to this organization? tell about your family tell about any incident? tell about ur mothr,father,brother? define urself in a simgle sentence? Which adjectives would you use to describe yourself? Why do you want this position? Why are you the best person for this job? What is the toughest problem you’ve had to face, and how did you overcome it? Where do u want to see yourself after 5 years? why do you want to us? What is ur worst incident in life? What is ur best incident in life? What r ur strength What r ur weakness plz also send me some interview questions with answers which basiclly ask in interviews?

63. sriram

Said: March 6th, 2007 9:04 am hi all, plz help meInterviewer always ask me these question:-

1. Tell me about urself? 2. Tell me ur memorable day? 3. Why do you want this job? 4. What qualities do you think will be required for this job? 5. What do you know about this company? 6. What can we (the new company) offer that your previous company cannot offer? 7. Why should we employ you 64. Poonam

Agarwal Said: March 10th, 2007 9:25 am define urself in a simgle sentence? describe ur ideal company location & job? Which adjectives would you use to describe yourself How do you handle stressful situations? What is the toughest problem you’ve had to face, and how did you overcome Why are you the best person for this job? what influenced u to follow this career path ? GIVE AN example of one of your best achievements at work. do u intend to undertake study further? Can you describe the work environment here? How do you describe the philosophy of the company or organization? Tell me ur memorable day? What qualities do you think will be required for this job?

WHY U WANT 2 PURSUE MBA WHY NOT ANY OTHER LINE? 65. vijayalaxmi

Said: March 11th, 2007 9:40 am hi i have completed my B.Sc computers and now searching for thr job ,actually iam fresher and dont have any idea about the hr interviews questions so plz suggest me how to face it.sinse i have attended one companys the questions they asked me i was very much feared and was not able to ans so plz guide 1 why i should hire u for this company. 2 tell me about ur self 3 Why do you want this job? 4 What qualities do you think will be required for this job? 5 What do you know about this company? 6 What is the toughest problem you’ve had to face, and how did you overcome it?

66. arshad

baba Said: March 15th, 2007 7:46 am hi, please tell me answers for the following questions which r being asked very frequently in hr interview: tell about yourself tell about your family what r ur strengths what is ur weekness

Which adjectives would you use to describe yourself? What is your greatest strength? What is your greatest weakness? Why do you want this position?” Why do you want this position? Why are you the best person for this job? Where do u want to see yourself after 5 years? How long will u stay? 67. asadkhan

Said: March 16th, 2007 11:13 am can u plz advise me how to answer these followed question:1. Tell me about your self ? 2. Why you want to our organisation ? 3. What you know about this company ? 4. Waht is your salary expectation ? 5. Why you left the previous job ? 6. After 3 year’s where you will find ? 7. What is the Goal of your life ?

68. prasanth

Said: March 22nd, 2007 4:20 am 1. what u know about bpo? 2. what u know about our company ? 3. why u leave ur current job ? 4. if we reject u how can u feel ?

69. raj

Said: March 24th, 2007 12:20 am Why you want to our organisation ? This is a common question.My best advise is that before goign to the interview you have to get some knowledge abt the company.best source is website. You have to start that you know abt the company from many years,if its a bit older one and then u have to talk abt the recognition in the world for the company,and some points wat u like in this company,talk abt the challenging projects and services made by the company,and then speak how good u are fit for the position and finally conclude that based on these reasons,I wish to this company.dont tell i had decided to this company…say i wish.

70. raj

Said: March 24th, 2007 12:26 am Waht is your salary expectation ? This is an easy question.actually it depends on the situation. If ur a fresher,first tell ur expected salary and after that say i dont have issues,according to the policy of the comapny u may decide. If ur an experience one then ask 30+% hike.but tell him its Negotiable.Talk in a Polite way.if ur not able to compramise try to explain y u expect so much.the reasons should be genuin, bu dont be harsh.

71. raj

Said: March 24th, 2007 12:44 am First I will let you know wat not to speak. 1.Dont speak any thing Negatively abt the previous company,I mean abt the policies,culture etc. 2.Dont talk , i didnt get the pormotions or they didnt Recognized my work etc 3. Dont talk I used to get a very less salary,no projects etc WAT TO TALK: I worked form this to this date.During these perion I achived this and this. (If ur chainging the platform) then u have to speak; I relaised that good future growth was not possible,mean while I came across abt this and found this is very intersting.I also found that I have a good aptitute in this area.On this background I decided to have a change in my career path.So this interst made me to leave the previous company.

72. Vaidya

Said: March 25th, 2007 7:59 am help me for these questions? 1. What makes you to attend this interview? 2. r u married? if yes how will you cope up ur family and ur job? 3. what is your basic strength in career? 4. How you will achieve and what you do to achieve?

73. raj

Said: March 26th, 2007 12:45 am Hi Vidhya 1. What makes you to attend this interview? You can give simple answers like,the requirement of this job is quite matching to my experience and qualifications.As I have this much exp,I can say I am fit for this position,so I had attended this interview.

74. raj

Said: March 27th, 2007 2:01 am 2. r u married? if yes how will you cope up ur family and ur job? U can answer it as I am a good time manager.I do every work with a plan and this will help me automatically schedule time for my family responsibilities and for the job responsibilities.For me its very easy.

75. raj

Said: March 27th, 2007 2:04 am 3. what is your basic strength in career? U can say my knowledge,my experience and my logical thinking is my strengths.I am a smart worker: I think logically when a problem occurs.these are my strengths which is very needful for this career.

76. raj

Said: March 27th, 2007 2:07 am

4. How you will achieve and what you do to achieve? I couldnt get this question.explain me clearly…. but u can say like this …first i will analyze the issue.then i will find out where is the wronge and then i will find out wat is wronge and then i will try to get wat matches for it to get the exact resultas and if i conclude it can work then i will fit that one and i will solve.in this way i will achive 77. raj

Said: March 27th, 2007 2:08 am hi guys, this is raj…if u get the exact answers please reply to continue

78. ankit

Said: March 27th, 2007 3:25 am pls sned me the ans of hr interwies like why we should appoint u? wht motivates u for this job? Why do you enjoy working for this company? What attracted you to this organization? Can you describe the work environment here?

79. Chaitanya

Said: April 1st, 2007 3:20 am Dear Friends, I am a Recruiter & HR.

Few of my impressions and experiences…. Unfortunately the HR Interviews are not happening in the way, they are supposed to be. All the questions that are posted above are very common in HR interview. But answers are not COMMON,vary from person to person. Most of the interviewers showing their attitudes and trying to put the person in trouble just to show his upperhand and just for buildup. NEVER LOOSE YOUR TEMPER IN SUCH CASES. NO HR will hire you, if you hurt his ego. NO Need to ask some-one for these type of questions. SIT ALONE IN A CLOSED ROOM. QUESTION YOUR SELF. YOU WILL GET ANSWERS FOR ALL THESE QUESTIONS. DO HOME WORK BY YOUR SELF. 80. Sukriti

Singha Roy Said: April 7th, 2007 5:11 am Please tell me few HR Question.I am a B-TECH student and I want to establish my profesional life in Software Company. Q>What is your Long term & Short term goal? Q>How you help our company to greater prospect?

81. Elias

lobo Said: April 21st, 2007 8:24 am

Hi guys, I do need clarifications from the hr expert for the following Question, whenever i go for the interview, i’m going to complete my mpm last semster. whenever i face my interviwer,i fail during these question 1)why did u choose hr and not other fields 2)why did u choose mpm and not mba(HR) 3)Why did u opt for MPM after doing ur BCOM? 82. ayushi

Said: April 29th, 2007 12:33 am pls sned me the ans of hr interwies like why we should appoint u? wht motivates u for this job? Why do you enjoy working for this company? What attracted you to this organization? Can you describe the work environment here?

83. CHANDS

Said: April 30th, 2007 6:52 am HI, I AM CHANDS FROM AHMEDABAD.I HAVE ATTEND MANY INTERVIEWS RESENTLY FOR BPO.I HAVE PROBLEM THAT I CAN GIVE THE ANSWER OF ANY QUESTIONS ESAILY BUT I CAN’T GIVE THE PERFECT OR QUALITY ANS SO PLS GIVE ME A QUALITY ANS OF MY QUESTIONS…….

MY QUESTION IS BELOVE… 1. Difference between goal and ambition? 2. Do you know your greatest strength? 3. Do you know your greatest weakness? 4. Can you name your work activities you do most well and most enjoy? 5. 5 job skills and abilities you have? 6. Can you name at least 3 fields of employment into which you may fit? 7. Name of at least ten software companies. 8. Salary you expect? 9. Where would you like to be after five years? 10. What do you dislike about the college you studied? 11. How do you feel about the working hours from 9 to 5? 12. I normally like to ______________ on Sundays (please enter your 13. Why should we hire you? 14. What will you do if any other company calls you? 15. What will you if you don’t get the job? 16. What are the steps that you will take for the development of the company? 17. What type of job you expect? 18. When asked about you:Name, graduation, 2 personal and technical strengths. 19. Lot of companies is recruiting but why did you select this company? 20. Do you have questions to ask? (Ask a sensible question) 21. How do you react to a critical situation? (Explain a situation)

22. What do you think you will bring to this job? 23. Describe a difficult situation you have to handle? 24. Why have you chosen to apply for this company? 25. How would you describe yourself? 26. How do you think our company competes with is competitor? 27. What role do you tend to take in a company? 28. What is the advantage of the team work? 29. When do you think a team fails? 30. How do you get on with different kinds of people? 31. How do you feel about responsibility? 32. If in a group there is no in charge, what will you do? 33. Are you a leader? 34. How do you feel about being told that you are doing something wrong? 35. How long do you want to stay with us? 36. How many hours a week you want to work? 37. How do you feel working under pressure? I HOPE HERE POSITIVE AND PROMT REPLAY FROM UR SIDE. 84. Sourav

Said: May 29th, 2007 9:18 pm Hi, I am working with a BPO and will shortly be giving an interview for a promotion. Just wanna know:

1)Why should we make you a Team Leader 2)What changes / benefits will you make / provide to the organisation if you are selected as a Team Leader. 85. gs

rajesh Said: June 1st, 2007 3:50 am 1.What are the steps that you will take for the development of the company? 2.How do you feel about the working hours from 10pm to 6am(night shift)?

86. setty

Said: June 14th, 2007 12:41 am the questions are really good can u give me answers for the following questions 1.tell me about yourself? 2.Why you want to change ur company? 3.why u want to our company? 4.Expeted salary? 5.Family Background? and so on…………. 6. Do you know your greatest strength? 7. Do you know your greatest weakness?13. Why should we hire you? 8. What will you do if any other company calls you? 9. What will you if you don’t get the job? 10. What are the steps that you will take for the development of the company? 11. What type of job you expect?13. Why should we hire you?

12. What will you do if any other company calls you? 13. What will you if you don’t get the job? 14. What are the steps that you will take for the development of the company? 15. What type of job you expect? 16. Why should we hire you? 17. What will you do if any other company calls you? 18. What will you if you don’t get the job? 19. What are the steps that you will take for the development of the company? 20. What type of job you expect? 87. Vin

Said: June 18th, 2007 11:50 am By far, the best site I used for HR related situations: http://humanresources.about.com/

88. neha

choudhary Said: July 6th, 2007 7:43 am respected sir, today 6 july 2007 i have given an interview of bpo.i am disqualified in first round.cau u sugest me how i prepird of this i want to know about the questions of interview of bpo companies.plz tell me the answer of the following questions? Why do you enjoy working for this company? What attracted you to this organization? tell about your family tell abut ur friend?

tell about any incident? tell the story of any movie? tell about ur mothr,father,brother? define urself in a simgle sentence? Which adjectives would you use to describe yourself? Why do you want this position? Why are you the best person for this job? What is the toughest problem you’ve had to face, and how did you overcome it? Where do u want to see yourself after 5 years? why do you want to us? What is ur worst incident in life? What is ur best incident in life? plz also send me some interview questions with answers which basiclly ask in bpo interviews? from: neha choudhary 89. sanjay

Said: July 24th, 2007 2:58 pm 1.Tell me about your self ? 2. Why you want to our organisation ? 3. What you know about this company ? 4. Waht is your salary expectation ? 5.what r ur strengths 6.what is ur weekness

90. Rupal

Said: July 25th, 2007 7:52 am

Respected Sir, Hi, I am Rupal working since 9 years as receptionist & computer operator in medical field in 4 different organisation; starting small clinics to now in hospital. Now I would like to work in office line but at the time of interview many of them asking me why u want to change the field. I have given many answers e.g for good opportunity, improvement, interested in IT field. But i think they are not satisfied with these answers. Recently i had interview in IT company. As per the Interviewer I have 2 negative points. 1) Language : American Ascent? —- Can u pls guide me how to improve the english as well as american ascent. 2) I shown my interest in IT field so he is insecure to appoint me bcoz then i will be quiting this job anytime inshort there is no long term profile with the company. At the time interview I have very good confidence, smile on face, polite. He took my interview at least 20 to 25 minutes. Give me some guidelines to improve interview skills. Thanking you,

Yours sincerely, Rupal 91. Sowmya

Said: August 9th, 2007 2:17 am Please tell me 1)Why did u opt for MBA after doing ur BTech with work experience of 2 years as software engineer? 2)Why did u opt for HR in MBA? 3)Why I should I select u when there is other person with same qualifications? 4) What qualities do you think will be required for this job? 5)Why are you the best person for this job?

92. nitin

sharma Said: August 13th, 2007 11:00 pm 1. why you want to pursue management education 2. what is your objective in your life

93. anup

kumar Said: November 15th, 2007 2:44 am the questions are really good can u give me answers for the following questions 1.tell me about yourself? 2.Why you want to change ur company? 3.why u want to our company? 4.Expeted salary? 5.Family Background?

and so on…………. 6. Do you know your greatest strength? 7. Do you know your greatest weakness?13. Why should we hire you? 8. What will you do if any other company calls you? 9. What will you if you don’t get the job? 10. What are the steps that you will take for the development of the company? 11. What type of job you expect?13. Why should we hire you? 12. What will you do if any other company calls you? 13. What will you if you don’t get the job? 14. What are the steps that you will take for the development of the company? 15. What type of job you expect? 16. Why should we hire you? 17. What will you do if any other company calls you? 18. What will you if you don’t get the job? 19. What are the steps that you will take for the development of the company? 20. What type of job you expect?

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Questions to ask when tech recruiter calls 1. How did you find me? 2. Is this a retainer or contingency assignment?

3. Are you dealing with the client’s HR people, or do you have direct with the hiring manager? 4. How long has the client been with you? 5. How many candidates have you placed with this client? 6. When will I find out the name of the principal or client company? 7. May I have a written job description? 8. Where is the position located? 9. Where is the company headquartered? 10. To whom does the position report? 11. Can you tell me about this executive’s management style? 12. Why is the position open? 13. What happened to the person who previously held this position? 14. Is this a new position? 15. How long has the position been open? 16. How long have you been working on the assignment? 17. What does the position pay? 18. Are here any pay or compensation constraints that I should take into consideration? 19. What can you tell me about the person who will be interviewing me? 20. What is his or her position, title, management style? 21. Who will make the final hiring decision? 22. After you present my resume, when can I expect to hear from you regarding the status of this position?

23. Can you describe, specifically, how the company navigates/balances work? and personal-life issues? 24. What might I do that would violate the culture of the company during my interview? Categories: General | Typical Oracle questions SAP Interview Questions | 3 Responses to “Questions to ask when tech recruiter calls” 1.

Pavan Metri Said: May 22nd, 2005 10:47 pm Respected Sir, I found the Questions For the Interviewer really fantastic,since they leave a mark of confidence as they are asked. These questions do have a meaningful thought,especially for the freshers and make the interviw process,a unique one. They,most importantly describe the dynamicity of the person. More importantly they make the interviewer feel more secure. Your’s Truly, I remain, Pavan Metri.

2.

Pavel Popov Said: July 14th, 2005 5:37 pm This is definitely a good list of questions. Some additional questions to ask may be,

What is the work environment like, cubicles, offices, large open area, etc…? What is the proper dress code for the interview? How many people are there on this team/project/assignment that I will be closely working with? What is the normal/acceptable work schedule, 8/5, 10/4, etc…? 3.

Gary Perman Said: January 12th, 2007 10:25 pm Great Questions to ask a Tech. Recruiter. But without guidance to good answers, you can ask all the quesitons in the world and it won’t make a difference. As an example; Who cares how a recruiter finds you. If one digs enough, the internet can produce almost any name. Is it a retainer or contingecy search? who cares, in both circumstances the recruiter is paid some if not all of their fee based on the candidate accepting the job offer. What one needs to discover is the professionalism and professional ethics of the recruiter. How long have they been a recuiter. Do they have a successful track record of placing candidates who are happy whre they are. Are they certified by a professional recruiting organization, etc.

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Linux interview questions 1. How do you take a single line of input from the in a shell script? 2. Write a script to convert all DOS style backslashes to UNIX style slashes in a list of files. 3. Write a regular expression (or sed script) to replace all occurrences of the letter ‘f’, followed by any number of characters, followed by the letter ‘a’, followed by one or more numeric characters, followed by the letter ‘n’, and replace what’s found with the string “UNIX”. 4. Write a script to list all the differences between two directories. 5. Write a program in any language you choose, to reverse a file. 6. What are the fields of the file? 7. What does a plus at the beginning of a line in the file signify? 8. Using the man pages, find the correct ioctl to send console output to an arbitrary pty. 9. What is an MX record? 10. What is the prom command on a Sun that shows the SCSI devices? 11. What is the factory default SCSI target for /dev/sd0? 12. Where is that value controlled?

13. What happens to a child process that dies and has no parent process to wait for it and what’s bad about this? 14. What’s wrong with sendmail? What would you fix? 15. What command do you run to check file system consistency? 16. What’s wrong with running shutdown on a network? 17. What can be wrong with setuid scripts? 18. What value does spawn return? 19. Write a script to send mail from three other machines on the network to root at the machine you’re on. Use a ‘here doc’, but include in the mail message the name of the machine the mail is sent from and the disk utilization statistics on each machine? 20. Why can’t root just cd to someone’s home directory and run a program called a.out sitting there by typing “a.out”, and why is this good? 21. What is the difference between UDP and T? 22. What is DNS? 23. What does nslookup do? 24. How do you create a swapfile? 25. How would you check the route table on a workstation/server? 26. How do you find which ypmaster you are bound to? 27. How do you fix a problem where a printer will cutoff anything over 1MB? 28. What is the largest file system size in solaris? SunOS?

29.

What are the different RAID levels?

Categories: Unix/Linux | Basic .NET and ASP.NET interview questions Interview at IBM | 16 Responses to “Linux interview questions” 1.

Diva Said: October 18th, 2005 7:45 pm I had an interview with Google yesterday for the DATA CENTER TECHNICIAN position. They asked me question 21 and 29….

2.

Jojo Said: October 20th, 2005 12:08 am Main levels of RAID RAID 0 - Striping RAID 1 - Mirroring RAID 4 - Striping without distributed parity RAID 5 - Striping with distributed parity.

3.

Boon Said: March 30th, 2006 5:23 am nslookup query Internet name servers interactively Nslookup has two modes: interactive mode allows the to query

name servers for information about various hosts and domains or to print a list of hosts in a domain. Non-interactive mode is used to print just the name and requested information for a host or domain. 4.

spacecow Said: June 19th, 2006 6:58 pm I had two phone interviews at google, applying for Data Center Technician. i was asked 21.) plus: how to figure out gateway under linux? maximum segment length of gigabit ethernet? what port is dns using? ssh? http? is dns T or UDP? difference between Router and Switch? Between Hub and Switch?

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mickel Said: October 25th, 2006 9:32 am 1) In sh use the read command: read var echo $var 2) Assuming the filenames are in filenames.txt: sed -ie ’s/\\/\//g’ filenames.txt 3) s/f.*a[0-9]\+n/UNIX/ 5) Assuming you can’t use tac: while read line; do

i=$(( i + 1)) lines[i]=$line done numlines=${#numlines} for i in `seq $numlines -1 1`; do echo ${lines[i]} done 13) If it has no parent process (ie the parent has already gone away), then it will be adopted by init which will perform a wait to obtain the processes return value. If the parent just doesn’t care, then the process becomes a zombie, which is only bad in that it takes space in your process table. 15) fsck 6.

raju Said: October 28th, 2006 5:18 am To create a swap file >> mkswap /dev/hdax add entry in the /etc/fstab (should look like similar) /dev/hdax swap swap defaults 0 0 >> swapon -a (activates the swap partition) >> swapon -s (checks the swap partition)

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raju Said: October 28th, 2006 5:23 am

DNS (Domian name server ) DNS resolves hostname to IP address (forward lookup), resolves IP address to hostname (reverse lookup), it allows machines to logically grouped by name domain, provides email routing. DNS port: 53 dameon: named 8.

ravindra patil Said: November 1st, 2006 4:21 am how to configure linux as router.

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nav Said: November 17th, 2006 7:38 pm SGID, SUID and sticky bit

10. thirumurugan

Said: January 12th, 2007 8:07 am quiestions asked in novatium : 1) purpose of nsswitch.conf 2) purpose of /etc/resolv.conf 3) port number for dns , http

11. hari

Said: February 24th, 2007 1:40 am

The file contains usename:encripted wd:uid:gid:comment:homedirectory:shell ex :shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown 12. sanjay

kumar Said: February 28th, 2007 2:06 am purpose of nsswitch.conf 2) purpose of /etc/resolv.conf 3) port number for dns , http

13. Thirumurugan

Said: February 28th, 2007 6:53 am I had two phone interviews at google Using Ping utility which protocol working ? What is th Port number of SMTP,LDAP? Two Types of DNS Queries? Netbios Catche?

14. jason

Said: June 25th, 2007 11:44 am I had a phone interview with google for SRE position. These are the questions they asked: - Difference between a Router/Hub/Switch? Explain the process when a packet leaves a host and travels to another host, on same network/different networks.

What happens if the host doesnt exist, what does the switch/router/hub do? Where do consecutive requests go? (cache) - Explain how traceroute works (explain incrementing the TTL field) - Explain the exec / fork process. How do you get the return value of a child that died (i.e. structure returned from waitpid() and wait()) - Explain what the load average is (a: the number of processes averaged over 1, 5 and 15 minutes that are marked as: R, S, D); where does ‘uptime’ get this information from? 15. gautham

Said: October 17th, 2007 8:55 am Differences between T and UDP T 1)T -Transmission control protocol 2)T is a connection oriented protocol. 3)Three way handshake happens between client and server. 4)T is a reliable data transfer 5)slow transmission of data compare to UDP. 6)T is used to send file like database,where reliability play the first role UDP 1)UDP - Datagram protocol

2)UDP is connectionless protocol 3)NO 16. gautham

Said: October 17th, 2007 8:58 am Differences between T and UDP T 1)T -Transmission control protocol 2)T is a connection oriented protocol. 3)Three way handshake happens between client and server. 4)T is a reliable data transfer 5)slow transmission of data compare to UDP. 6)T is used to send file like database,where reliability play the first role UDP 1)UDP - Datagram protocol 2)UDP is connectionless protocol 3)NO 3 way handshake 4)NOt a reliable data transer 5)Faster than T 6)used to send data like video,audio

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Windows Server 2003 IIS and Scripting interview questions 1.

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What is presentation layer responsible for in the OSI model? The presentation layer establishes the data format prior to ing it along to the network application’s interface. T/IP networks perform this task at the application layer. Does Windows Server 2003 IPv6? Yes, run ipv6.exe from command line to disable it. Can Windows Server 2003 function as a bridge? Yes, and it’s a new feature for the 2003 product. You can combine several networks and devices connected via several adapters by enabling IP routing. What’s the difference between the basic disk and dynamic disk? The basic type contains partitions, extended partitions, logical drivers, and an assortment of static volumes; the dynamic type does not use partitions but dynamically manages volumes and provides advanced storage options What’s a media pool? It is any compilation of disks or tapes with the same istrative properties. How do you install recovery console? C:\i386\win32 /cmdcons, assuming that your Win server installation is on drive C.

What’s new in Terminal Services for Windows 2003 Server? s audio transmissions as well, although prepare for heavy network load. 8. What scripts ship with IIS 6.0? iisweb.vsb to create, delete, start, stop, and list Web sites, iisftp.vsb to create, delete, start, stop, and list FTP sites, iisdir.vsb to create, delete, start, stop, and display virtual directories, iisftpdr.vsb to create, delete, start, stop, and display virtual directories under an FTP root, iiscnfg.vbs to export and import IIS configuration to an XML file. 9. What’s the name of the who connects to the Web site anonymously? IUSR_computername 10. What secure authentication and encryption mechanisms are ed by IIS 6.0? Basic authentication, Digest authentication, Advanced digest authentication, Certificate-based Web transactions that use PKCS #7/PKCS #10, Fortezza, SSL, Server-Gated Cryptography, Transport Layer Security 11. What’s the relation between SSL and TLS? Transport Layer Security (TLS) extends SSL by providing cryptographic authentication. 12. What’s the role of http.sys in IIS? It is the point of for all incoming HTTP requests. It listens for requests and queues them until they are all processed, no more queues are available, or the Web server is shut down. 13. Where’s ASP cache located on IIS 6.0? On disk, as opposed to memory, as it used to be in IIS 5. 7.

14. What

is socket pooling? Non-blocking socket usage, introduced in IIS 6.0. More than one application can use a given socket. 15. Describe the process of clustering with Windows 2003 Server when a new node is added. As a node goes online, it searches for other nodes to by polling the designated internal network. In this way, all nodes are notified of the new node’s existence. If other nodes cannot be found on a preexisting cluster, the new node takes control of the quorum resources residing on the shared disk that contains state and configuration data. 16. What applications are not capable of performing in Windows 2003 Server clusters? The ones written exclusively for NetBEUI and IPX. 17. What’s a heartbeat? Communication processes between the nodes designed to ensure node’s health. 18. What’s a threshold in clustered environment? The number of times a restart is attempted, when the node fails. 19. You need to change and on a clustered Windows box, but that requires rebooting the cluster, doesn’t it? No, it doesn’t. In 2003 environment you can do that via cluster.exe utility which does not require rebooting the entire cluster. 20. For the document of size 1 MB, what size would you expect the index to be with Indexing Service? 150-300 KB, 15-30% is a reasonable expectation. 21. Doesn’t the Indexing Service introduce a security flaw when allowing access to the index? No, because

s can only view the indices of documents and folders that they have permissions for. 22. What’s the typical size of the index? Less then 100K documents - up to 128 MB. More than that - 256+ MB. 23. Which characters should be enclosed in quotes when searching the index? &, @, $, #, ^, ( ), and |. 24. How would you search for C++? Just enter C++, since + is not a special character (and neither is C). 25. What about Barnes&Noble? Should be searched for as Barnes’&’Noble. 26. Are the searches case-sensitive? No. 27. What’s the order of precedence of Boolean operators in Microsoft Windows 2003 Server Indexing Service? NOT, AND, NEAR, OR. 28. What’s a vector space query? A multiple-word query where the weight can be assigned to each of the search words. For example, if you want to fight information on ‘black hole’, but would prefer to give more weight to the word hole, you can enter black[1] hole[20] into the search window. 29. What’s a response queue? It’s the message queue that holds response messages sent from the receiving application to the sender. 30. What’s MQPing used for? Testing Microsoft Message Queue services between the nodes on a network. 31. Which add-on package for Windows 2003 Server would you use to monitor the installed software and license compliance? SMS (System Management Server).

32. Which

service do you use to set up various alerts? MOM (Microsoft Operations Manager). 33. What languages does Windows Scripting Host ? VB, VBScript, JScript. Categories: Windows | Windows Server 2003 Active Directory and Security questions Hardware design interview questions | 5 Responses to “Windows Server 2003 IIS and Scripting interview questions” 1.

suresh nayak Said: October 31st, 2005 10:11 am Hi my self suresh can u help me mydoubt ??? 1- what is the full name of “XP” (window XP) 2- if forget in 2003 server ; how to recover it ? 3- How to recover CMOS ?

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suresh gowda Said: May 9th, 2006 4:33 am hi surigowda

1.what are the advantage in win2003 server than the win nt server? 2.what is role of active directory in windows 2003 3.

Ravikanth Said: August 19th, 2006 2:02 am Hello Suresh, Here are the answers: 1- what is the full name of “XP” (window XP) A- The full name for XP is suppose EXPRESS (iam not sure) 2- if forget in 2003 server ; how to recover it ? A- By deleting SAM files you can disable the s (C:\WINDOWS\system32\config\sam)But u have to connect the HDD to an another system as a slave disk and perform the task. 3- How to recover CMOS ? A- By changing the BIOS jumper setting on the Mother Board u can enable the BIOS istration mode, from there u can disable all the s NOTE: only BIOS s.

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Benoy Said: September 23rd, 2006 12:36 pm Hi, full form of Windows XP is “Windows eXPerience”

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Sanju Said: February 22nd, 2007 12:54 am if forget in 2003 server ; how to recover it ? Then there is a third party tool called ERD commander which can be used to reset the of .Create more than one who has a privilage to reset and to server locally that’s the best practise.

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Windows Server 2003 Active Directory and Security questions 1.

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What’s the difference between local, global and universal groups? Domain local groups assign access permissions to global domain groups for local domain resources. Global groups provide access to resources in other trusted domains. Universal groups grant access to resources in all trusted domains. I am trying to create a new universal group. Why can’t I? Universal groups are allowed only in native-mode Windows Server 2003 environments. Native mode requires that all domain controllers be promoted to Windows Server 2003 Active Directory.

What is LSDOU? It’s group policy inheritance model, where the policies are applied to Local machines, Sites, Domains and Organizational Units. 4. Why doesn’t LSDOU work under Windows NT? If the NTConfig.pol file exist, it has the highest priority among the numerous policies. 5. Where are group policies stored? %SystemRoot %System32\GroupPolicy 6. What is GPT and GPC? Group policy template and group policy container. 7. Where is GPT stored? %SystemRoot %\SYSVOL\sysvol\domainname\Policies\GUID 8. You change the group policies, and now the computer and settings are in conflict. Which one has the highest priority? The computer settings take priority. 9. You want to set up remote installation procedure, but do not want the to gain access over it. What do you do? gponame–> Configuration–> Windows Settings–> Remote Installation Services–> Choice Options is your friend. 10. What’s contained in istrative template conf.? Microsoft NetMeeting policies 11. How can you restrict running certain applications on a machine? Via group policy, security settings for the group, then Software Restriction Policies. 12. You need to automatically install an app, but MSI file is not available. What do you do? A .zap text file can be used to add applications using the Software Installer, rather than the Windows Installer. 3.

13. What’s

the difference between Software Installer and Windows Installer? The former has fewer privileges and will probably require intervention. Plus, it uses .zap files. 14. What can be restricted on Windows Server 2003 that wasn’t there in previous products? Group Policy in Windows Server 2003 determines a s right to modify network and dial-up T/IP properties. s may be selectively restricted from modifying their IP address and other network configuration parameters. 15. How frequently is the client policy refreshed? 90 minutes give or take. 16. Where is secedit? It’s now gpupdate. 17. You want to create a new group policy but do not wish to inherit. Make sure you check Block inheritance among the options when creating the policy. 18. What is "tattooing" the Registry? The can view and modify preferences that are not stored in maintained portions of the Registry. If the group policy is removed or changed, the preference will persist in the Registry. 19. How do you fight tattooing in NT/2000 installations? You can’t. 20. How do you fight tattooing in 2003 installations? Configuration - istrative Templates System - Group Policy - enable - Enforce Show Policies Only. 21. What does IntelliMirror do? It helps to reconcile desktop settings, applications, and stored files for

s, particularly those who move between workstations or those who must periodically work offline. 22. What’s the major difference between FAT and NTFS on a local machine? FAT and FAT32 provide no security over locally logged-on s. Only native NTFS provides extensive permission control on both remote and local files. 23. How do FAT and NTFS differ in approach to shares? They don’t, both have for sharing. 24. Explan the List Folder Contents permission on the folder in NTFS. Same as Read & Execute, but not inherited by files within a folder. However, newly created subfolders will inherit this permission. 25. I have a file to which the has access, but he has no folder permission to read it. Can he access it? It is possible for a to navigate to a file for which he does not have folder permission. This involves simply knowing the path of the file object. Even if the can’t drill down the file/folder tree using My Computer, he can still gain access to the file using the Universal Naming Convention (UNC). The best way to start would be to type the full path of a file into Run… window. 26. For a in several groups, are Allow permissions restrictive or permissive? Permissive, if at least one group has Allow permission for the file/folder, will have the same permission. 27. For a in several groups, are Deny permissions restrictive or permissive? Restrictive, if at least one group has Deny permission for the file/folder,

will be denied access, regardless of other group permissions. 28. What hidden shares exist on Windows Server 2003 installation? $, Drive$, IPC$, NETLOGON, print$ and SYSVOL. 29. What’s the difference between standalone and fault-tolerant DFS (Distributed File System) installations? The standalone server stores the Dfs directory tree structure or topology locally. Thus, if a shared folder is inaccessible or if the Dfs root server is down, s are left with no link to the shared resources. A fault-tolerant root node stores the Dfs topology in the Active Directory, which is replicated to other domain controllers. Thus, redundant root nodes may include multiple connections to the same data residing in different shared folders. 30. We’re using the DFS fault-tolerant installation, but cannot access it from a Win98 box. Use the UNC path, not client, only 2000 and 2003 clients can access Server 2003 fault-tolerant shares. 31. Where exactly do fault-tolerant DFS shares store information in Active Directory? In Partition Knowledge Table, which is then replicated to other domain controllers. 32. Can you use Start->Search with DFS shares? Yes. 33. What problems can you have with DFS installed? Two s opening the redundant copies of the file at the same time, with no file-locking involved in DFS, changing the contents and then saving. Only one file will be propagated through DFS.

34. I

run Microsoft Cluster Server and cannot install fault-tolerant DFS. Yeah, you can’t. Install a standalone one. 35. Is Kerberos encryption symmetric or asymmetric? Symmetric. 36. How does Windows 2003 Server try to prevent a middle-man attack on encrypted line? Time stamp is attached to the initial client request, encrypted with the shared key. 37. What hashing algorithms are used in Windows 2003 Server? RSA Data Security’s Message Digest 5 (MD5), produces a 128-bit hash, and the Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA-1), produces a 160-bit hash. 38. What third-party certificate exchange protocols are used by Windows 2003 Server? Windows Server 2003 uses the industry standard PKCS-10 certificate request and PKCS-7 certificate response to exchange CA certificates with third-party certificate authorities. 39. What’s the number of permitted unsuccessful logons on ? Unlimited. , though, that it’s the , not any that’s part of the s group. 40. If hashing is one-way function and Windows Server uses hashing for storing s, how is it possible to attack the lists, specifically the ones using NTLMv1? A cracker would launch a dictionary attack by hashing every imaginable term used for and then compare the hashes.

41. What’s

the difference between guest s in Server 2003 and other editions? More restrictive in Windows Server 2003. 42. How many s by default are ed when you check "Enforce History ed"? ’s last 6 s. Categories: Windows | Windows Server 2003 interview and certification questions Windows Server 2003 IIS and Scripting interview questions | 16 Responses to “Windows Server 2003 Active Directory and Security questions” 1.

Shahid Afridi Said: June 12th, 2004 3:03 pm I really surprize to read this fruit full matter. Plz update and change all these information day by day……

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Ben Runda Said: December 11th, 2004 9:16 pm When I create a folder in server 2003 and set the share and security permissions it allows the read permissions only . They cannot write to the folder no matter what permissions I set.How do I get around this?

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M. Vinoth Kumar Said: March 15th, 2005 12:42 am Sir, Im need of geting the manual for HOW TO INSTALL ACTIVE DIRECTORY ON WINDOWS SERVER 2003? APPLYING GROUP POLICIES, CREATING S, GIVING PERMISSIONS

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G.Madhu Sudhan Said: March 16th, 2005 6:02 am I am very happy when i have seen these questions, it is really usefull for the interviews. If you can publish same sort of questions for citrix & exchange server 2003, that will be usefull to the techies.

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Myles Said: March 19th, 2005 4:53 pm “What’s the difference between local, global and universal groups? Domain local groups assign access permissions to global domain groups for local domain resources. Global groups provide access to resources in other trusted domains. Universal groups grant access to resources in all trusted domains.”

After reading that id probably not trust this site for too much, according to that both universal and global groups are the same! What about server modes? mixed, native or 2003 mode? universal groups cant be assigned in mixed or non native / 2003 modes. Plus if you need to be reading a site like this to an interview you really dont diserve the job you have wrongly applied for. 6.

Rajesh D. Bodhe Said: March 28th, 2005 2:16 am When i search this website i m very happy ,i got what i want b’coz i m in the search such a website which give me the basic knowledge of Windows server 2003 and this site give very much intersting facts about it and this site is also very much useful for the candidate who want do interview preperation And improve their Knowledge.

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trilochan panda Said: August 6th, 2005 2:22 am sir, what is the difference between local policy and group policy. and where the local policy is applied. plz mention it. thanks. regards trilochan

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Muddu krishna Said: September 30th, 2005 12:49 am sir . i have a one problm , i am having Windows 2003 server ,as well as 40 clients , My clients is differnt OS I mean redhat or sun or windows ,eventhough I want to apply ip address for all clients ,How i can assingh the ip address

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Vitaliy Said: October 4th, 2005 1:49 pm Hello. Please explain: Is it possible to create with access and deny permission to open specific folder. Windows Server 2003 Web Edition (member, not domen). Thanx a lot.

10. Hariharan

Said: August 18th, 2006 3:12 am Information about windows server 2003 was useful. But this is not for the basic s i guess. The person who doesn’t know what is schema, global catelog like that information should also be given. pls include that.

11. Sandeep

Yadav Said: September 20th, 2006 4:35 am sir Please explain 1.how to give permissions to could not use control ,delete folders,files,

2.how to use all installed software on server through client pc. 12. pavi

Said: October 29th, 2006 3:12 am site was good, I had practically implemted domain 2000 & 2003 in enterprise with more than 6000 s . implemented group policy, policy, profiles, home drives ,concorrent etc… but many a times you don’t get into the basics which are required for interviews. and this questions provides many basic question which even i never thought to read. I have one suggestion to all, first parctically learn how domain work then read the interview question, it will be much easier Thax a lot , to person who hosted the sites

13. umesh

Kharad Said: February 12th, 2007 2:47 am Information about windows server 2003 was useful. But this is not for the basic s i guess. The person who doesn’t know what is schema, global catelog like that information should also be given. pls include that. please gv some detail information on server 2003. thanks

14. Chip

Gehrke Said: April 11th, 2007 1:26 pm

I have one thing that I have not been able to fix for months. I have a domain and the domain name is not the same as the “pre-windows 2000 domain name”. When s go to they see this old name. Nothing is wrong but this old name is not the current domain name they to. How do I change this pre Windows 2000 name to make it the same as what this pre Windows 2000 name points to? 15. Rajesh

E Nair Said: July 31st, 2007 6:59 am Sir,I have a simple DH network environment in my office with a central point switch also switch has a connectivity with internet modem.here we are using windows xp as operating system and we have no proxied or firewall as a gateway.i just want to handle the network but since it is dh i am facing difficulties in tracing or blocking some one from preveting from internet.how can we work out this in such a simple networking enviornment.also i wanna send messages to them.what are the possibilities.

16. tj

Said: November 16th, 2007 7:48 pm You have the technical manager of a major bank on the other line, and he is very upset because his server is down, and he wants the problem resolved in 1 hour. And you know that it would take at least 3 hours to get it resolved.

Tell me about the steps that you would take

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Windows Server 2003 interview and certification questions 1.

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How do you double-boot a Win 2003 server box? The Boot.ini file is set as read-only, system, and hidden to prevent unwanted editing. To change the Boot.ini timeout and default settings, use the System option in Control from the Advanced tab and select Startup. What do you do if earlier application doesn’t run on Windows Server 2003? When an application that ran on an earlier legacy version of Windows cannot be loaded during the setup function or if it later malfunctions, you must run the compatibility mode function. This is accomplished by right-clicking the application or setup program and selecting Properties –> Compatibility –> selecting the previously ed operating system. If you uninstall Windows Server 2003, which operating systems can you revert to? Win ME, Win 98, 2000, XP. Note, however, that you cannot upgrade from ME and 98 to Windows Server 2003.

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How do you get to Internet Firewall settings? Start –> Control –> Network and Internet Connections –> Network Connections. What are the Windows Server 2003 keyboard shortcuts? Winkey opens or closes the Start menu. Winkey + BREAK displays the System Properties dialog box. Winkey + TAB moves the focus to the next application in the taskbar. Winkey + SHIFT + TAB moves the focus to the previous application in the taskbar. Winkey + B moves the focus to the notification area. Winkey + D shows the desktop. Winkey + E opens Windows Explorer showing My Computer. Winkey + F opens the Search . Winkey + CTRL + F opens the Search with Search for Computers module selected. Winkey + F1 opens Help. Winkey + M minimizes all. Winkey + SHIFT+ M undoes minimization. Winkey + R opens Run dialog. Winkey + U opens the Utility Manager. Winkey + L locks the computer. What is Active Directory? Active Directory is a network-based object store and service that locates and manages resources, and makes these resources available to authorized s and groups. An underlying principle of the Active Directory is that everything is considered an object—people, servers, workstations, printers, documents, and devices. Each object has certain attributes and its own security access control list (ACL). Where are the Windows NT Primary Domain Controller (PDC) and its Backup Domain Controller (BDC) in Server 2003? The Active

Directory replaces them. Now all domain controllers share a multimaster peer-to-peer read and write relationship that hosts copies of the Active Directory. 8. How long does it take for security changes to be replicated among the domain controllers? Securityrelated modifications are replicated within a site immediately. These changes include and individual lockout policies, changes to policies, changes to computer s, and modifications to the Local Security Authority (LSA). 9. What’s new in Windows Server 2003 regarding the DNS management? When DC promotion occurs with an existing forest, the Active Directory Installation Wizard s an existing DC to update the directory and replicate from the DC the required portions of the directory. If the wizard fails to locate a DC, it performs debugging and reports what caused the failure and how to fix the problem. In order to be located on a network, every DC must in DNS DC locator DNS records. The Active Directory Installation Wizard verifies a proper configuration of the DNS infrastructure. All DNS configuration debugging and reporting activity is done with the Active Directory Installation Wizard. 10. When should you create a forest? Organizations that operate on radically different bases may require separate trees with distinct namespaces. Unique trade or brand names often give rise to separate DNS identities. Organizations merge or are acquired and naming continuity is desired. Organizations form partnerships and t ventures. While access to

common resources is desired, a separately defined tree can enforce more direct istrative and security restrictions. 11. How can you authenticate between forests? Four types of authentication are used across forests: (1) Kerberos and NTLM network logon for remote access to a server in another forest; (2) Kerberos and NTLM interactive logon for physical logon outside the ’s home forest; (3) Kerberos delegation to N-tier application in another forest; and (4) principal name (UPN) credentials. 12. What snap-in istrative tools are available for Active Directory? Active Directory Domains and Trusts Manager, Active Directory Sites and Services Manager, Active Directory s and Group Manager, Active Directory Replication (optional, available from the Resource Kit), Active Directory Schema Manager (optional, available from pak) 13. What types of classes exist in Windows Server 2003 Active Directory? o Structural class. The structural class is important to the system in that it is the only type from which new Active Directory objects are created. Structural classes are developed from either the modification of an existing structural type or the use of one or more abstract classes. o Abstract class. Abstract classes are so named because they take the form of templates that actually create other templates (abstracts) and

structural and auxiliary classes. Think of abstract classes as frameworks for the defining objects. o Auxiliary class. The auxiliary class is a list of attributes. Rather than apply numerous attributes when creating a structural class, it provides a streamlined alternative by applying a combination of attributes with a single include action. o 88 class. The 88 class includes object classes defined prior to 1993, when the 1988 X.500 specification was adopted. This type does not use the structural, abstract, and auxiliary definitions, nor is it in common use for the development of objects in Windows Server 2003 environments. 14. How do you delete a lingering object? Windows Server 2003 provides a command called Rep that provides the ability to delete lingering objects in the Active Directory. 15. What is Global Catalog? The Global Catalog authenticates network logons and fields inquiries about objects across a forest or tree. Every domain has at least one GC that is hosted on a domain controller. In Windows 2000, there was typically one GC on every site in order to prevent logon failures across the network. 16. How is security established in Windows Server 2003? When an is created, it is given a unique access number known as a security identifier (SID). Every group to which the belongs has an associated SID. The and related group SIDs together form the ’s security

token, which determines access levels to objects throughout the system and network. SIDs from the security token are mapped to the access control list (ACL) of any object the attempts to access. 17. If I delete a and then create a new with the same name and , would the SID and permissions stay the same? No. If you delete a and attempt to recreate it with the same name and , the SID will be different. 18. What do you do with secure sign-ons in an organization with many roaming s? Credential Management feature of Windows Server 2003 provides a consistent single sign-on experience for s. This can be useful for roaming s who move between computer systems. The Credential Management feature provides a secure store of credentials that includes s and X.509 certificates. 19. Anything special you should do when adding a that has a Mac? "Save as encrypted clear text" must be selected on Properties Tab Options, since the Macs only store their s that way. 20. What remote access options does Windows Server 2003 ? Dial-in, VPN, dial-in with callback. 21. Where are the documents and settings for the roaming profile stored? All the documents and environmental settings for the roaming are stored locally on the system, and, when the logs off, all changes to the locally stored profile are copied to the

shared server folder. Therefore, the first time a roaming logs on to a new system the logon process may take some time, depending on how large his profile folder is. 22. Where are the settings for all the s stored on a given machine? \Document and Settings\All s 23. What languages can you use for log-on scripts? JavaScipt, VBScript, DOS batch files (.com, .bat, or even .exe) Categories: Windows | C++ coding interview questions Windows Server 2003 Active Directory and Security questions | 3 Responses to “Windows Server 2003 interview and certification questions” 1.

Anonymous Said: December 14th, 2004 2:03 pm How can you authenticate between forests? Windows 2000 always uses NTLM for authentication between forests; 2003 will use kerberos if and only if dns is used while setting up the domains. If the netbios name is uses; NTLM is used for 2003.

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karthick Said: November 2nd, 2006 8:01 pm

i have win2003server and client xp i have configured roaming folder in ads , now i want how to configure roaming frofile configuration. 3.

jagjit singh Said: July 23rd, 2007 6:35 am 1 create shared folder on the server as name.dat 2 Now do as start>program>istrative tools>active directory s and groups >name(any)>properties>under profile menu change the path for that to newly created folder on server 3 Now from istrative priveliges at client machine and cange path for that folder 4 We can create mandatory profile of that by renaming the file name.dat to name.man

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Unix/Linux istration interview questions What is LILO?

LILO stands for Linux boot loader. It will load the MBR, master boot record, into the memory, and tell the system which partition and hard drive to boot from. What is the main advantage of creating links to a file instead of copies of the file? A: The main advantage is not really that it saves disk space (though it does that too) but, rather, that a change of permissions on the file is applied to all the link access points. The link will show permissions of lrwxrwxrwx but that is for the link itself and not the access to the file to which the link points. Thus if you want to change the permissions for a command, such as su, you only have to do it on the original. With copies you have to find all of the copies and change permission on each of the copies. Write a command to find all of the files which have been accessed within the last 30 days. find / -type f -atime -30 > December.files This command will find all the files under root, which is ‘/’, with file type is file. ‘-atime -30′ will give all the files accessed less than 30 days ago. And the output will put into a file call December.files. What is the most graceful way to get to run level single mode? A: The most graceful way is to use the command init s. If you want to shut everything down before going to single

mode then do init 0 first and from the ok prompt do a boot -s. What does the following command line produce? Explain each aspect of this line. $ (date ; ps -ef | awk ‘{print $1}’ | sort | uniq | wc -l ) >> Activity.log A: First let’s dissect the line: The date gives the date and time as the first command of the line, this is followed by the a list of all running processes in long form with UIDs listed first, this is the ps -ef. These are fed into the awk which filters out all but the UIDs; these UIDs are piped into sort for no discernible reason and then onto uniq (now we see the reason for the sort - uniq only works on sorted data - if the list is A, B, A, then A, B, A will be the output of uniq, but if it’s A, A, B then A, B is the output) which produces only one copy of each UID. These UIDs are fed into wc -l which counts the lines - in this case the number of distinct UIDs running processes on the system. Finally the results of these two commands, the date and the wc -l, are appended to the file "Activity.log". Now to answer the question as to what this command line produces. This writes the date and time into the file Activity.log together with the number of distinct s who have processes running on the system at that time. If the file already exists, then these items are appended to the file, otherwise the file is created. Categories: Unix/Linux

| Networking and Unix interview questions Unix/Linux programming interview questions | 3 Responses to “Unix/Linux istration interview questions” 1.

George Swan Said: January 27th, 2004 7:47 am The last question in your “Unix/Linux istration interview questions” is missing a character. You have awk execute a program from the command line. You have a trailing quote, because this program must be a single argument. But the opening quote is missing. The pipeline in your example won’t work.

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Rohit Raj Said: February 12th, 2004 11:02 pm This is one of the best site to lern and get idea if information, this is useful also, my all friend yse this only,

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. Said: May 1st, 2007 4:08 pm The syntax does work: date; ps -ef | awk ‘{ print $1 }’ | sort | uniq | wc -l

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Networking and protocols interview questions Q: What are the seven layers of the OSI model? A: The layers are physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. Q: In the T client-servel model, how does the threeway handshake work in opening connection? A: The client first sends a packet with sequence "x" to the server. When the server receives this packet, the server will send back another packet with sequence "y", acknowledging the request of the client. When the client receives the acknowledgement from the server, the client will then send an acknowledge back to the server for acknowledging that sequence "y" has been received. Q: What is the purpose of exchanging beginning sequence numbers during the the connection in the T client-server model? A: To ensure that any data lost during data transfer can be retransmitted.

Q: How does Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) work? A: ATM works by transmitting all traffic in small, fixedsized cells. These small, fixed-size cells reduces queuing delay and can be switched quickly. ATM fits into layer 2 of the OSI model and provides functions for framing and error correction. At the port interface, ATM switches convert cells into frames, and vice versa. ATM provides Quality of Service and traffic shaping. Q: Given a Class B Network with subnet mask of 255.255.248.0 and a packet addressed to 130.40.32.16, what is the subnet address? A: Take the 2 addresses, write them in binary form, then AND them. The answer is 130.40.32.0 Categories: Networking | Java interview questions SQL Server, DBA interview questions | 5 Responses to “Networking and protocols interview questions” 1.

Sreedhar Said: March 18th, 2005 6:42 am How duplicated packets are generated in the network? Answer: Due to re-transmissions

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Harsha Said: April 7th, 2005 6:40 pm

This is regarding the question :Q: Given a Class B Network with subnet mask of 255.255.248.0 and a packet addressed to 130.40.32.16, what is the subnet address? As the solution mentions, we need to AND the mask and IP. The first two octets we know represent the network address of the class B IP. From the given mask, in the third octet, there are five bits for the subnetwork, meaning the subnetwork of the given IP has the value 16. So the sub-network would be 130.40.16.x . The mentioned answer 130.40.32.0 would be true if the third octet in the mask was 255. Comments welcome. 3.

tanktop Said: August 2nd, 2006 3:07 pm Regarding 2… the answer 130.40.32.0 is correct for the host 130.40.32.16…. 130.40.32.0(network) -> 130.40.39.255(broadcast)

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santhosh Said: March 2nd, 2007 9:41 am 1.physical layer 2.datalink layer 3.network layer 4.transport layer 5.session layer

6.presention layer 7.application layer 5.

Ajay Said: August 24th, 2007 6:38 am the address range is correct in that Subnetting Question . count in the blocks of 16. 130.40.16.0 - 130.40.31.255 130.40.32.0 - 130.40.47.255 130.40.48.0 - 130.40.63.255 and so on…

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Microsoft Win32 interview questions 1.

Tell the differences between Windows 95 and Windows NT? Lack of Unicode implementation for most of the functions of Win95. Different extended error codes. Different number window and menu handles. Windows 95 implements some window management features in 16 bits. Windows 95 uses 16bit world coordinate system and the coordinates restricted to 32K. Deletion of drawing objects is different. Windows 95 does not implement print monitor DLLs of Windows NT. Differences in

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registry. Windows 95 does not multiprocessor computers. NT implementation of scheduler is quite different. Different driver models. Win95 was built with back-compatibility in mind and ill-behaving 16bit process may easily corrupt the system. Win95 starts from real DOS, while WinNT uses DOS emulation when one needs a DOS. Win95’s FAT is built over 16-bit win3.1 FAT (not FAT32!, actually, Win95’s FAT contains two FATs). What is the effective way of DIB files management? A: Memory-mapped file is the best choice for deviceindependent bitmaps. MMF allows to map the file to RAM/SWAP addresses and to let Windows handle all load/unload operations for the file. What should you be aware of if you design a program that runs days/weeks/months/years? A: When your program should run for a long time, you should be careful about heap allocations, because if you use new/delete intensively in your application, the memory becomes highly fragmented with a time. It is better to allocate all necessary memory in this case that many times small blocks. You should be especially careful about CString class which allocates permanent DLL What are the advantages of using DLL’s? DLLs are run-time modular. DLL is loaded when the program needs it. Used as a code sharing between executables. What are the different types of DLL’s? A: Extension, Regular and pure Win32 DLL (without MFC)

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What are the differences between a DLL and an MFC Extension DLL? A: Extension DLL s a C++ interface, i.e. can export whole C++ classes and the client may construct objects from them. Extension DLL dynamically links to MFC DLLs (those which name starts with MFC??.DLL) and to be synchronous with the version it was developed for. Extension DLL is usually small (simple extension DLL might be around 10K) Regular DLL can be loaded by any Win32 environment (e.g. VB 5) Big restriction is that regular DLL may export only C-style functions. Regular DLLs are generally larger. When you build a regular DLL, you may choose a static link (in this case MFC library code is copied to your DLL) and dynamic (in this case you would need MFC DLLs to be presented on the target machine) What do you have to do when you inherit from two CObject-based classes? A: First of all, this is a bad idea does not matter what tells you interviewer. Secondly, if you forced to use condemned rhombus structure, read Technical Note 16 in MSDN, which discusses why MFC does not multiple inheritance and what to do in case you still need it (there are a few problems with CObject class, such as incorrect information, returned by IsKindOf() of CObject for MI, etc.) What are the additional requirements for inheritance from CWnd-based classes? A: Again, this is the bad idea. Try to find alternative solution. Anyway, if you have to multiply inherit from CWndbased class, the following are additional requirements

to the above conditions (again, this is extremely bad question for interview!!!): There must be only one CWnd-derived base class. The CWnd-derived base class must be the first (or left-most) base class. 9. What is a "mutex"? A: Mutexes are the mechanism of process synchronization that might be used to synchronize data across multiple processes. Mutex is a waitable object while a critical section is not. Mutexes are significantly slower than critical sections. 10. What’s the difference between a "mutex" and a "critical section"? Critical section provides synchronization means for one process only, while mutexes allow data synchronization across processes. 11. What might be wrong with the following pseudo-code: FUNCTION F BEGIN INT I=2 DO I=I+1 IF I = 4 THEN BREAK END DO END A:This code is not thread safe. Suppose one thread increments I to 3 and then returns to the beginning of DO statement. Then it increments I to 4 and now context switch happens. Second thread increments I to 5. From this moment the code shown will execute forever until some external force intervention. Solution is obviously using some synchronization object to protect I from being changed by more than one thread.

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is a deadlock ? A: A deadlock, very simply, is a condition in which two or more threads wait for each other to release a shared resource before resuming their execution. Because all threads participating in a deadlock are suspended and cannot, therefore, release the resources they own, no thread can continue, and the entire application (or, worse, more than one application if the resources are shared between threads in multiple applications) appears to hang. 13. How can we create thread in MFC framework? A: Using AfxBeginThread. 14. What types of threads are ed by MFC framework? A: Working thread and windows thread. Working thread usually does not have a interface and easier to use. Windows thread has an interface and usually used to improve responsiveness of the input. Message Map 15. When ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI is called? (message may vary) A: When a of your application pulls down a menu, each menu item needs to know whether it should be displayed as enabled or disabled. The target of a menu command provides this information by implementing an ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI handler. 16. What is a "hook"? A: A point in the Windows message-handling mechanism where an application can install a subroutine to monitor messages. You need hooks to implement your own Windows message filter. 17. What are the difference between MFC Exception macros and C++ exception keywords? A:Actually,

MFC macros may accept exception of only CException class or class, derived from CException, where as C++ exception mechanism accepts exception of ANY type Reusable Control Class 18. How would you set the background of an edit control to a customized color? A: You have several choices, but the simplest one is subclassing. Kruglinski in his "Inside Visual C++" describes pretty well this process. Generally, you derive the class from none control class, override the messages you want (like WM_CTLCOLOR) and then in init function like OnInitialUpdate of CDialog, subclass the control with SubclassDlgItem(). 19. What is Message Reflection? How could you accomplish the above task using message reflection? A: See Technical Note 62 of MSDN. Usually, message is handled in the parent class that means you have to override message handler for each parent. Sometimes it is nice to handle a message in the control itself, without parent invocation. Such handling mechanism is called message reflection. Control "reflects" message to itself and then processes it. Use ON_<MESSAGE_NAME>_REFLECT macro to create a reflected message. 20. What is the command routing in MFC framework? A: CView => CDocument => CFrameWnd => CWinApp 21. What’s the purpose of CView class? CDocument class? What are relationships between them? A: The CView class provides the basic functionality for -defined view classes. A view is attached to a

document and acts as an intermediary between the document and the : the view renders an image of the document on the screen or printer and interprets input as operations upon the document. The CDocument class provides the basic functionality for -defined document classes. A document represents the unit of data that the typically opens with the File Open command and saves with the File Save command. s interact with a document through the CView object(s) associated with it. A view is a child of a frame window. The relationship between a view class, a frame window class, and a document class is established by a CDocTemplate object. A view can be attached to only one document, but a document can have multiple views attached to it at once. 22. What class is responsible for document template in MDI application? A: CMultiDocTemplate. 23. What function must be used to add document template? A: AddDocTemplate. 24. What the main objects are created for SDI and MDI applications? A: CWinApp - application object. For MDI application with New document implementation CDocTemplate, CDocument, CView, CMainFrame. If your application is SDI, your CMainFrame class is derived from class CFrameWnd. If your application is MDI, CMainFrame is derived from class CMDIFrameWnd. For MDI application CMDIChildWindow is also created. 25. We have a loop for 800,000. It fails on 756,322. How can we get the information before it fails? A: You could think of several way to debug this: Set the

condition in debugger to stop when loop is ed around 756321 times. Throw an exception within a loop (may be not the best idea since exception does not show you the exact location of the fail. Create a log file and to put detailed information within a loop. 26. Our Debug version works fine, but Release fails. What should be done? A: There are four differences between debug and release builds: o heap layout (you may have heap overwrite in release mode - this will cause 90% of all problems), o compilation (check conditional compilation statements, assertion functions etc.), o pointer (no padding in release mode which may increase chances of a pointer to point into sky) o optimization. Check the project settings. Categories: Windows | C# interview questions Advanced C# interview questions | 7 Responses to “Microsoft Win32 interview questions” 1.

Prafulla Kulkarni Said: December 9th, 2003 12:48 pm I am very glad to c these question. It will help me lot. I will definately like to add some more questions.

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Anonymous Said: March 27th, 2004 9:44 pm excellant

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Rajesh Said: April 6th, 2004 4:49 am Wonderful questionnaire. I think we can add more value to this page.

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anon Said: June 2nd, 2004 3:47 pm should probably rename this page to MFC Interview Questions

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Dim St Thomas Said: March 31st, 2005 2:23 pm I think the answer to question 11 is wrong as the variable I is local to the function and not a global variable so will not be shared by multiple threads. I don’t know what sort of pseudo code it is written in but the only thing I can see that might be wrong with it is that the line IF I = 4 THEN BREAK should be IF I == 4 THEN BREAK

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Some Guy Said: June 10th, 2005 5:48 pm I partially agree with Dim St Thomas regarding #11. From the example, there is no indication that the variable is global in scope. For most C\C++ programmers, they would consider the variable to be local so the answer would never occur to them. I think it is a poor question because the syntax of the Pseudo-Language is not defined and there is a specific answer that is required. Anyone asking #11 in an interview should rethink the question because it won’t tell them anything about the interviewee. They will either have seen this exact question somewhere or they won’t get it.

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KK Said: April 18th, 2007 6:57 am Hi, This questionare is excellent and will help a many of us. To Dim St Thomas and Some Guy, Regarding Question# 11, look at the psuedo code in very generic sense and then u would understand it. You should look into the algorithms provided in any of the Operating Systems book, you would find similar pseudo code. This question is related to the

usage of semaphores & mutex and is absolutely correct. So guys do not get confused on it and the answer quoted is very much correct.

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Apache interview questions 1.

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On a fresh install, why does Apache have three config files - srm.conf, access.conf and httpd.conf? The first two are remnants from the NCSA times, and generally you should be ok if you delete the first two, and stick with httpd.conf. What’s the command to stop Apache? - kill the specific process that httpd is running under, or killall httpd. If you have apachectl installed, use apachectl stop. What does apachectl graceful do? - It sends a SIGUSR1 for a restart, and starts the apache server if it’s not running. How do you check for the httpd.conf consistency and any errors in it? - apachectl configtest When I do ps -aux, why do I have one copy of httpd running as root and the rest as no? - You need to be a root to attach yourself to any Unix port below 1024, and we need 80.

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But I thought that running apache as a root is a security risk? - That one root process opens port 80, but never listens to it, so no will actually enter the site with root rights. If you kill the root process, you will see the other kids disappear as well. Why do I get the message "… no listening sockets available, shutting down"? - In Apache 2 you need to have a listen directive. Just put Listen 80 in httpd.conf. How do you set up a virtual host in Apache? Server [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/apache/share/htdocs/hostedsite s ServerName www.techinterviews.com ErrorLog /home/apache/logs/error/hostedsites/ error_log TransferLog /home/apache/logs/access/hostedsites /access_log What is ServerType directive? - It defines whether Apache should spawn itself as a child process (standalone) or keep everything in a single process (inetd). Keeping it inetd conserves resources. This is deprecated, however.

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is mod_vhost_alias? - It allows hosting multiple sites on the same server via simpler configurations. 11. What does htwd do? - It creates a new in a specified group, and asks to specify a for that . 12. If you specify both deny from all and allow from all, what will be the default action of Apache? - In case of ambiguity deny always takes precedence over allow. Categories: Web dev, Unix/Linux | Networking questions Simple FreeBSD questions | 3 Responses to “Apache interview questions” 1.

Andrew Said: November 16th, 2006 10:17 am You would NOT want to do “killall httpd” on a Solaris machine. killall on solaris kills all processes, not just the ones matching a pattern. On Solaris, you’d be much better off with “pkill httpd”.

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Jasbir Singh Said: July 11th, 2007 12:50 pm You just stop the service with following command : service httpd stop

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Pushkar Said: October 26th, 2007 8:39 am

Jasbir’s option is best. service httpd stop is the best choice to stop the httpd service.

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Popular interview questions and answers Surendra Singh Tomar sent in this excellent set of interview Q&A. 1.

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Describe a challenging work issue you had to face, and how you dealt with it? Consider what would be the requirements of the ‘new’ job/organization and find something in your past that highlights a skill, experience or situation that might occur or be needed going forward. It is always a good idea to make lists in preparation for interviews: New job will need I can provide Proof/example For your proofs, list (for yourself) examples of when you used the skill, exhibited the characteristic or handled the problem. This will not only give you ’short stories’ to relate in an interview, it will also bolster your confidence and target your job search. If you were on a merry-go-round, what song would be playing? If you were going to be an animal on

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the merry-go-round, what would you be?” Congratulations! You have found the unusual interviewer asking a rare question. Don’t feel stupid just feel like you have run into a very unusual situation. If you are interviewing for a creative position, then the question is most appropriate because the interviewer may be attempting to evaluate your creativity and your ability to deal with an offbeat question. have fun with it. Give the question your focused attention and go with your instincts. Be ready to say why you chose the tune you did. Perhaps tell a brief story that reminds you of merry go rounds in your own experience. Or if you are really clueless give a song that you have always liked, has real meaning for you or is important for whatever reason and attach it to the merry go round but refocus the question to he importance of the song and make it brief but interesting “words tell but stories sell.” As for the animal, give the animal that you want to be (even if you think the question is ridiculous and you really need this job) your total attention and focus. On the other hand, the person you are dealing with may not have a clue and just asked because he/she felt like it. We know one person who asks the question and feels it is meaningful. She is into Yoga and looks for the person to be thoughtful in response. We have never heard her say anyone was rejected because of the animal selected. How do you handle conflict? On the job, there are many possible sources of conflict. Conflicts with: fellow employees management rules, procedures

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clients, customers demands of work vs. personal life, family The best way to approach a good answer is to look at if from the employers point of view—they want to be your first priority and they want you to solve problems (not bring them any). “I know everything cannot run smoothly at work all the time. When there is a conflict I usually try to determine the source of the problem and see if it can be solved. This might involve other of the work team discussing the problem and offering possible solutions. I would then try to pick the solution which appears to have the best outcome and put it into action.” A natural follow-up to this would be: Tell me when you solved a conflict at work. So, have a brief example… a short story… to illustrate your approach. Even if not asked, you can offer your story! If it proves your point and accentuates a skill needed for the position, go with it. In what way do you think you can contribute to our company? Preparing to answer this question requires a 2-step preparation: assessing your skills and researching the needs of the company. An integral part of skill assessment (looking at your own experience, education and talents) is to ’skill-match’. Considering the job opening, what are the skills needed? Make a list of the requisite skills (in priority order) and then list concrete examples of your possession of the skill. For example: a sales representative would need good interpersonal skills, the ability to deal with difficult people. For ‘proof’ of this skill, you could list experiences and examples of how you were successful

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in a difficult situation. These matched skills are your key selling points. Next, what appears to be the current problems at the organization, based upon your research? What are their needs that you can meet? In other words, given the specifics of the company, what value can you add? After these two steps, you are in a great position to come up with concrete examples of what you can offer the company. This question, by the way, is just another version of “Why should we hire you?”. In the interview, when asked this question, you could respond with: “In my experience in sales, I know having the ability to deal effectively with all types of people is not merely a positive element — it is an essential one. With your plans to expand into ____ market, a sales representative with a proven ability to meet with all types of people and to be able to assess and meet their immediate needs would be a great asset. In the past __ years, I have increased sales __… ..” Tell me a story. Many interviewers like to hear ’stories’ or examples from your work life. So pick something that is more usual than not (not the day of a plant explosion and you saved 10 lives!) but a story that shows how you handle yourself, handle difficult people or situations. Can you think on your feet? Do you adhere to the rules? Consider the type of organization you are aiming at… each has its own culture. The World Wrestling Federation entertainment culture is different than the American Bible Society and also different from Amazon.com.

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Gear your stories to give the listener a feeling that you could fit in… you could do the job here. Tell me about a time when you tried and failed? Has this ever happened to you? No one expects perfection actually, employers are more interested in your ability to cope, to learn from mistakes, and to deal with others who are less than perfect. If you have an example, certainly pick one that happened a while back, was not earth shattering in the results, and one which you learned and applied this knowledge recently. This is a version of ‘damning with faint praise’ by picking an incident that was minor in scope but, since you are so wise and are always willing to learn, has taught you a valuable lesson. Tell us about your analytical skills. This should be easy if you have done a realistic skill inventory for yourself, listing what skills you do have and how you can offer proof of this skill (where you learned it, last used it). Working off your inventory, focus on various analytical skills and match them to the skills you feel are most important for the job you are considering. You can now give specific examples of skills you can offer. (Do not neglect skills obtained in extracurricular activities, such as volunteer work.) What are some of the things you find difficult to do? The interviewer is looking to determine how well you know yourself, how you react to difficult situations/tasks and credibility. Look back over your work experience for examples of challenges… speaking in public at a meeting, disagreeing with a manager over an important issue, being asked to use a

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software program you have not had an opportunity to learn… These ’stories’ should illustrate a lesson learned, a problem overcome or a weakness being dealt with. “I always seem to need a day or two to prepare myself to give a presentation to department heads. When I know I have to give a report on my projects, I plan out all the details in advance and rehearse. One time, there was a problem with a supplier and I was asked to update senior management… immediately. The supply chain was crucial to the completion of an important project we had been working on for 5 months and decisions had to be made based on the information I had to prepare and present on a moment’s notice. I gathered the information and presented it simply and in detail. It was much easier than I thought without the hours of concern and practice. The facts spoke for themselves. Since I understood the situation, I was able to make it clear to management and get a rapid decision. I still prefer advance notice but I know I can deliver when asked to.” What are your short and long term goals? No one can make goals for you. It comes down to where you are in your professional life and what you want to do. Most people have 5-6 careers in their working lifetime —some with 2 careers going at the same time (like us). The best advice is to be certain to relate your answers to the organization that interviews you. Do not make a point of having goals that cannot be realized there (”I want to work in Paris.” Organization is strictly domestic.) If you do your research into the

organization, and into what you truly want to do in the future, you will be able to come up with reasonable responses. No one is going to come back to you in five years and chastise you for not meeting these goals! You will not be held to them… it is only an interview and they are interested in how you see yourself (and they want to see you in the job.) 10. Where do you see yourself in five years? This is the interviewer trying to see how you are in making long range plans and if you have goals that mesh with the organization’s. One way to answer this question is to look back on your accomplishments to date: “I started out in my profession as a junior clerk while I completed my college studies during the evenings. Once I had my degree, I applied for a transfer to a more advanced position, citing my on-the-job training. This has been my pattern for my career with my past 2 employers. I learn quickly on the job and am willing to take classes and workshops to augment my experience. I have been able to assume greater responsibilities and add more value to the organization. I do not think in of titles… I think more in of “How can I solve this problem? Since this has been my career style to date, I do not imagine it to change. In five years, I feel I will have continued to learn, to grow into a position of more responsibility and will have made a significant contribution to the organization.” 11. What can you add to what we have already asked you that should make us want to hire you? Think grocery shopping… all those brands in the soap aisle

begging for your attention. Each one comes with its own key selling points. the comics, Superman? On TV, he sold himself… stronger than a locomotive, faster than a speeding bullet, able to leap tall buildings in a single bound. What are your key selling points? Plan this out ahead of time for the next interview… or include in a thank you letter for this past interview. Think a 1 minute infomercial about yourself. What are your core strengths? Is it communicating with children, being a mentor to other teachers, being able to keep topics current and interesting… . Think of what is needed to be successful in the job and how you specifically meet those needs—provide examples. Increased reading scores by using… Math scores jumped __% due to my … Offer some proof from your past to your claims. But it is your ability to assess the situation and analyze your potential contributions that will sell your candidacy. Do not think it too late — send a strong thank you and include in your request for the job the key reasons why you are the best candidate. 12. What does “customer service” mean to you? Think of yourself as a customer — what do you expect from salespeople … regardless of the circumstances and/or the problem. An example may be “Customer service is a two-piece reaction. First—respect; second — problem solving.” See if that makes sense and if you sound convincing when you do practice it. If you can give a brief story or two of what you have witnessed as extraordinary examples of customer service behavior. By using yourself as a focal point you will

be able to enunciate clearly your understanding of customer service. 13. What do you know about our company? If you can relate your knowledge to the area that you would be involved in, it would show that already you have an active interest in the organization. For example, if you were interested in marketing, “I understand that you are one of the top 10 companies in sales to Europe but are currently interested in expanding your market into Asia. Competition is keen in that area but you have an advantage in that you product offers features that others do not, such as… ..” It is not only showing that you have done the research but also that you like/know what you have learned about the company and have applied it to how you can add value in the position. 14. Why do you want to leave this job after only four months? Well, why did you? What is the closest to the truth: 1. Job was not as it was described to me 2. Organization changed its focus/goals 3. Organization could not effectively use my talents/skills 4. Change in management… wanted to bring in own staff 5. Downsizing, reorganization All of these will probably prompt a follow-up question. Do not fabricate… but most interviewers have heard these stories before and really are not interested in all the gory details. (Note that this job

need not be included on your resume since it was of such a short duration but may have to be included in a application form if it looks to for all your time.) Circumstances also come to play… did you leave your other job to take this 4 month job? or did you ‘try’ it while already unemployed… hoping for the best? If you were recruited to change jobs, there is a lot of room for exaggeration in a sales pitch, and many employees have been misled. If you have held other jobs for substantial periods and you took the other job in good faith, stress your past performance. You are not a capricious person—job hopping. You have skills to offer and want to put them into good use. 15. What

do you wish to gain from our company? Excellent question! Research is the answer (know everyone is tired of hearing this but we feel this is one great way for applicants to make a difference in their candidacy). Determine some of the key elements in the corporate structure, product base, employees/management team or recent history. What appeals to you about working at this company? Go with what you know. “In the past, I have had opportunities to work on new products being launched. I am very excited about your plans to start an entire new line of products. With my prior experience I know I can provide insights and make contributions immediately and I will also learn so much from the excellent team you have in place. Having done single products, I would love to be in on

the give-and-take meetings planning the new line… there is much I can offer but also much for me to learn.” Finding something specific… the opportunity to use a new technology, a new skill, to work with ‘experts on their team”… are ways for you to find job satisfaction, which is another way of asking this question 16. What do you think the employee’s responsibilities are to the company? As an employee you have several responsibilities to your employer. They are as follows: to perform a good day’s work to be loyal to act as part of the team to value the relationship to earn the employer’s trust to grow with a ion for the product/service. 17. Why do you want to change jobs? When asked on an application, “If presently employed, why do you wish to change positions”, what do you put down. The reason I am changing positions because the company I am applying at is known nationwide I want to work for a company with their background and one that I can retire from. This same question is sometimes asked on interviews as well so it is important to have a good answer. Additionally, if you decide to leave your current employer, it is also wise to have consensus as to the reasons that you are leaving. It already sounds like you have positive reasons for wanting to work for the national company—go with that. Use your research to put forth several points about the company that you feel will be a great match (for the company) and suit your particular skills and experiences. Emphasize the fact that this opportunity to work for

them is ‘just what you have been looking for’ because… .and then go into several ways you can add value to the organization. , when asked why you left, do not downgrade in any way your prior/current employer… leave the interviewer with the feeling that you have only been associated with winners! Do not go into the ‘I can retire from this job’ aspect; it can have negative connotations. Present yourself as a vital, enthusiastic employee that can offer experience to their organization… for many years to come. Note: If appropriate, point out that you are not just ‘looking around’ but are sincerely interested in working for this particular company and that you are not a ‘job-hopper’ but are interested in a long-term career move. 18. What motivates you? Other than looking into your past experiences… .times when you were motivated and times when you were not… no one but you has this answer. Find concrete examples when you had to pull it all together and get motivated to get the job done; what does it for you? 19. What things make a good team member? Consider first the situational context of the question. What is the team environment of the organization that you are interviewing—do they have a strong, organized teambased work environment or is it based on informal authority and fluctuating teams? Ideally, you should have had an opportunity to research and ask some questions about the organization to determine how they operate (and if indeed you want to work in that environment.) Model your responses to the

organization. Obviously, you are describing yourself = good team member. My ideas of what makes a good team member may be very different from yours—and from the organization. Also depends on where you are in the team—new member, leader, . How do you see yourself? How do you make yourself fit into a new team? How do you elicit cooperation from other team ? What do you think the organization’s biggest problem is relative to teams and teambuilding? And, what solution could you provide? 20. Why do you feel we should hire you for this position? Before you submit a resume or draft a cover letter and certainly before you go to an interview you should do 2 things: Research the job and the organization. What do they need? What are the requirements for the position? What role does this job play in the overall goals of the organization? Research yourself. What skills and experiences and interests can you offer? How will you add value to the organization? How can you prove that you have the required skills and experience needed for the job? Do a skill matching exercise: The organization/job needs ..(skill/experience) and I have it because I did … .. The organization needs… .. and i can provide… .. Be certain to have specific examples of how you have added value in the past and be enthusiastic on how you can add value to this organization. Do not forget… the organization is looking to solve a problem and you are selling yourself as a solution. 21. Why do you want to change jobs? When asked on an application, “If presently employed, why do you

wish to change positions”, what do you put down. The reason I am changing positions because the company I am applying at is known nationwide I want to work for a company with their background and one that I can retire from. This same question is sometimes asked on interviews as well so it is important to have a good answer. Additionally, if you decide to leave your current employer, it is also wise to have consensus as to the reasons that you are leaving. It already sounds like you have positive reasons for wanting to work for the national company—go with that. Use your research to put forth several points about the company that you feel will be a great match (for the company) and suit your particular skills and experiences. Emphasize the fact that this opportunity to work for them is ‘just what you have been looking for’ because… .and then go into several ways you can add value to the organization. , when asked why you left, do not downgrade in any way your prior/current employer… leave the interviewer with the feeling that you have only been associated with winners! Do not go into the ‘I can retire from this job’ aspect; it can have negative connotations. Present yourself as a vital, enthusiastic employee that can offer experience to their organization… for many years to come. Note: If appropriate, point out that you are not just ‘looking around’ but are sincerely interested in working for this particular company and that you are not a ‘job-hopper’ but are interested in a long-term career move.

22. I

will need to take a step back in salary. I don’t know how to handle the question ” What is your current salary”? If you have proceeded along interviews to the point when an offer is going to be made, that is the proper time to discuss salary. Otherwise, if pressed to disclose salary, talk in term of ranges… and a compensation package. “Present compensation package is high five figures” gives a lot of leeway yet is not in error. It is rare but some employers ask for W-2 forms or last salary stub to salary. You do not want to get caught in a lie (credibility is very important) so being up-front about willing to take a step back in order to invest in a new career can be impressive to an employer. Sharpen your sales skills… point out all the reasons why you are suited for the job, why you are making the move to a new career and why you want to work there. Compensation is a necessity but not your prime motivator. 23. What do you expect your starting salary to be? Discussions of salaries and compensation should not be held until an offer is made. With that said, let’s look into the real world when this is not the case most of the time. Employers are shopping, trying to guess your price tag. This is one of those screening questions used to either screen in or screen out… so a response is important. Have you done your homework? What is the price for this job in the marketplace? Have you checked out classified ads or online ads for similar positions? Are you within the range, given your level of experience? Pegging yourself mentally to the right

price is the first step. Second step is sharing this information correctly. Do you have enough information about this new job to determine your salary? If not… state it and ask for the information that is needed. “Before I can discuss salary, I would like to know the reporting requirements and how many people I would be supervising. In addition, what are the skill levels and experience of my staff?” You can also ask “What are others in similar positions being paid?” When you can no longer stall or seek additional information… “Based on what you have told me and exclusive of other compensation elements I feel that the position would warrant a salary range of $_______ to $___________” Name a range such as $40,000 to $45,000 to give both sides some wiggle room and allow for some give-and-take when benefits and other compensation is considered. If you know what you are willing to accept as salary and what the market pays, using a salary range should permit you to be negotiable. 24. What can you add to what we have already asked you that should make us want to hire you? Think grocery shopping… all those brands in the soap aisle begging for your attention. Each one comes with its own key selling points. the comics, Superman? On TV, he sold himself… stronger than a locomotive, faster than a speeding bullet, able to leap tall buildings in a single bound. What are your key selling points? Plan this out ahead of time for the next interview… or include in a thank you letter for this past interview. Think a 1 minute infomercial about

yourself. What are your core strengths? Is it communicating with children, being a mentor to other teachers, being able to keep topics current and interesting… . Think of what is needed to be successful in the job and how you specifically meet those needs—provide examples. Increased reading scores by using… Math scores jumped __% due to my … Offer some proof from your past to your claims. But it is your ability to assess the situation and analyze your potential contributions that will sell your candidacy. Do not think it too late — send a strong thank you and include in your request for the job the key reasons why you are the best candidate. 25. 10 Steps to a Successful Interview 1. Arrive on time. 2. Introduce yourself in a courteous manner. 3. Read company materials while you wait. 4. Have a firm handshake. 5. Listen. 6. Use body language to show interest. 7. Smile, nod, give nonverbal to the interviewer. 8. Ask about the next step in the process. 9. Thank the interviewer. 10. Write a thank-you letter to anyone you have spoken to. 26. Key people in the organization Major products or services Size in of sales and employees Locations other than your community Organizational structure of the company Major competitors View of the company by clients, suppliers, and competition

Latest news reports on the company or on local or national news that affects the company. TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Topics for a Unix sys interview 1. Job Scheduling; mainly crontab, at, batch command 2. Backup stetegy; incremental, full system back up; diff between tar & ufsdump 3. diff between hard link & softlink 4. How to list only the directories inside a directory (Ans. ls -l|grep "^d") 5. RAID levels; pros & cons of diffrent levels; what is RAID 1+0 6. How to recover a system whose root has lost? 7. What is a daemon? 8. How to put a job in background & bring it to foreground? 9. What is default permissions for others in a file? 10. Questions on shell initialization scripts? 11. Questions on restricted shell 12. What is diff betwn grep & find? 13. What is egrep? 14. Questions on shell programming 15. What is a pipe? 16. Questions on Solaris patch management like pkgadd etc 17. Questions on file system creation; actually what happens when we create a file system?

18. Questions on RBAC? what is a role accound & what is a profile? 19. From command line how will you add a ? the full command will all arguments. 20. Fs it advisable to put a swap partion in RAID1 (mirroring?) pros & cons? Categories: Unix/Linux | Hardware architecture interview questions JavaScript interview questions | 12 Responses to “Topics for a Unix sys interview” 1.

gopinath Said: June 5th, 2006 9:16 am your interview questions are very good.I want linux interview questions and answers. thank you.

2.

chandru Said: July 7th, 2006 3:53 am I want GOOD LINUX INTERVIEW quastions.. if possible provide with answer.

3.

Raghavender Said: July 16th, 2006 12:21 pm Kindly request you to post the solutions too for the above questions, which would help us all to succeed in facing interviews..Am eagerly looking forward for my career in Unix istration( linux and Solaris )…

4.

Raghavender Said: July 16th, 2006 12:23 pm Deamons are background running applications…

5.

Raghavender Said: July 16th, 2006 12:41 pm Default permissions for Others for a file would be r– ( only read permssion )

6.

Raghavender Said: July 16th, 2006 12:46 pm To recover a system when the root is lost— During reboot of the system, press ‘e’, with the help of arrow keys, highlight the second option which tells Kernel, and the append the line with ‘S’ at the end of the sentence, which would go into Single Mode, then after entering, it wud ask you for root , there-in you can create a new for the root —— or —– u can type init S which would take you to the Single Mode and then continue typing the new for the root …

7.

Raj Kumar Said: July 26th, 2006 1:36 pm 1. crontab - to run a job(in background) at regular intervals of time. crontab -l -> lists all the cronjobs running under ur . crontab -e -> to edit the cronjobs running under ur

. crontab -r -> to remove all the cronjobs running under ur . at - command is for running a job at some point of time(given) {at list of jobs/scripts} 3. A symbolic (soft) linked file and the targeted file can be located on the same or different file system while for a hard link they must be located on the same file system. 8. to move it to background, bg to bring it to foreground, fg 12. grep - searching for a pattern in a file (or some files). find - searching for a file and executing some commands on it. 13. egrep - to search for multiple - patterns or expressions(stored in a file). 15. pipe - redirection operator, the output of a command will be provided as an input to another. 8.

Larry Jones Said: February 23rd, 2007 12:03 pm forgotten root for redhat ws ? At the screen, choose single session at right

bottom of screen. Wait, it will take to command prompt then type ‘wd’. Change your then type ‘exit’. 9.

Sumir Said: May 23rd, 2007 3:28 pm Q> Which command would you use to trace system calls used by current processes? A> truss eg. truss cat /etc/resolv.conf

10. radhakrishnan

Said: July 6th, 2007 9:17 am to put a job in background we have to press ctrl+Z not bg..bg and fg is to resume the process in background and fore ground respectively

11. sni

Said: October 5th, 2007 11:06 am 1)batch executes commands when system load levels permit; in other words, when the load average drops below 0.8, or the value specified in the invocation of atrun.

12. sni

Said: October 5th, 2007 11:42 am

2)Ufsdump is a flavour specific command for backup in Solaris where as tar is a general unix command for the backup.With ufsdump we have incremental backup and we take offline backup also where as with tar we cant do it. TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Hardware architecture interview questions 1. Are you familiar with the term MESI? 2. Are you familiar with the term snooping? 3. Describe a finite state machine that will detect three consecutive coin tosses (of one coin) that results in heads. 4. In what cases do you need to double clock a signal before presenting it to a synchronous state machine? 5. You have a driver that drives a long signal & connects to an input device. At the input device there is either overshoot, undershoot or signal threshold violations, what can be done to correct this problem? 6. For a single computer processor computer system, what is the purpose of a processor cache and describe its operation? 7. Explain the operation considering a two processor computer system with a cache for each processor. 8. What are the main issues associated with multiprocessor caches and how might you solve it? 9. Explain the difference between write through and write back cache.

10. What are the total number of lines written in C/C++? What is the most complicated/valuable program written in C/C++? 11. What compiler was used? 12. Have you studied busses? What types? 13. Have you studied pipelining? List the 5 stages of a 5 stage pipeline. Assuming 1 clock per stage, what is the latency of an instruction in a 5 stage machine? What is the throughput of this machine ? 14. How many bit combinations are there in a byte? 15. What is the difference between = and == in C? 16. Are you familiar with VHDL and/or Verilog? Categories: Hardware, C++ | Tricky C questions Topics for a Unix sys interview | 17 Responses to “Hardware architecture interview questions” 1.

Aniket Said: June 9th, 2006 6:39 am Suggestion fo Question No. 16.: VHDL stands for Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Discription Language. VHDL is used to design vary large scale integrated circuits. It can simulate the wave form output of the proposed circuit. Verilog is another hardware discription language but more powerful than VHDL.

Verilog can be used to design analog circuits as well. VHDL has limilation of deg digital circuits only. 2.

Aniket Said: June 9th, 2006 6:47 am Answer for Question 14. : There can be 2^8 combinations of bits in a byte.

3.

vijay Said: June 17th, 2006 2:34 am for question no 15: “=” it assigns the value( of right side variable) to the left side. where as”==” will compare the two operands.This will be used in Descion making statements.

4.

sunny Said: August 23rd, 2006 5:11 am for question num. 12 Basically there are 3 types of busses they r : 1 system bus, 2 data bus and 3 control bus in any kind of microprocessor or computer

5.

sunny Said: August 23rd, 2006 5:14 am for question 6

basically cache memory is a temporary memory tat is used by microprocessor. Also i m doutful about this question 6.

Potty Said: October 13th, 2006 3:45 am Question 13: Stage1: Instruction Fetch Stage2: Decode Stage 1 Stage3: Decode Stage 2 Stage4: Execute Stage5: Write back reference: Computer Organization & Architecture, Deg for performance, William Stallings

7.

hackcrackvirus Said: October 18th, 2006 7:40 am For que no.6 Cache is required for temp storage due to vast difference in operating speed of processor and main memory.

8.

Obaid Said: October 24th, 2006 9:29 pm ***************** sunny said, Wrote on August 23, 2006 @ 5:11 am

for question num. 12 Basically there are 3 types of busses they r : 1 system bus, 2 data bus and 3 control bus in any kind of microprocessor or computer ***************** System bus is just a data bus in a computer. You forgot about address bus. 9.

Obaid Said: October 24th, 2006 9:30 pm Question 13: Most moder texts list the following stages of a pipeline: Instruction fetch Instruction decode and fetch Execute Memory access write back

10. Obaid

Said: October 24th, 2006 9:32 pm Question 13: Latency = 5, throughput = 1

11. Obaid

Said: October 24th, 2006 9:33 pm

MESI represents the 4 states of cache: Modified Exclusive Shared Invalid This method is used in cache coherency and is applied in the Pentium family of processors. 12. Ashish

Said: October 31st, 2006 11:13 pm “What are the total number of lines written in C/C++? What is the most complicated/valuable program written in C/C++? ” I dont really know if there is single correct answer to this question but I feel a closer answer could be GCC. In 1985 The first version of GCC was able to compile itself. Even today I think most versions of GCC are able to compile itself. GCC as we all know is a highly respected C\C++ compiler and its contributions to open source and C\C++ is unparalleled. Another answer which I can think of is the Linux Kernel (as of now)

13. Ashish

Said: October 31st, 2006 11:21 pm “How many bit combinations are there in a byte?”

Generally collection of 8 bits is called a byte. But the number can certainly vary depending on architecture of machines. I mean there are/were machines for which a byte != 8 bits. 14. das

Said: December 7th, 2006 3:04 pm Cache memory is a small high-speed memory. It is used for temporary storage of data & information between the main memory and the U (center processing unit). The cache memory is only in RAM

15. palani

Said: March 1st, 2007 7:15 am six roles of active dirretory forest and domain 1 . domain naming operating master - forest 2 . global catloge sever - forest 3 . sehma master - forest 4 . rid relative master - domain 5 . pdc immodulat - domain 6 . infrastructure master - domain

16. Abhijit

Singh Said: March 13th, 2007 4:51 am Problem (3)–>

H1 H2 H3 Start——->S1——>S2——>End/Final State |// Tail | Tail / / | 17. Ramalingam

Said: September 27th, 2007 7:28 am Cache memory is a small temporary memory in u.which has two types called level1 and level2. Level1 is used in u to have quick operation. But level2 is on the motherboard. if the processor check the catch memeory then get the data from where means that term is called catch hit else catch miss.

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Sys interview questions 1. What is a level 0 backup? 2. What is an incremental backup? 3. What steps are required to perform a bare-metal recovery? 4. Name key files or directories on a UNIX system that should always be backed up. 5. Name key files or directories on a Windows system that should always be backed up. 6. What is RAID 0?

7. What is RAID 0+1? Why is it better than 0? 8. What is RAID-5? 9. Why would you NOT want to encapsulate a root directory with Veritas? 10. What is concatenation? 11. What is striping? 12. What is a spindle? Categories: Unix/Linux, Windows | Network developer interview questions Electrical engineer interview questions | 17 Responses to “Sys interview questions” 1.

manjunath Said: August 4th, 2005 11:29 am Ans Q1: level 0 backup is normal or full backup. A normal backup disregards the archive bit in all files and backs up all files and folders selected, regardless of when they were modified. A normal backup is the most complete type of backup, and the only type of backup that can be used to back up the registry and other critical system files. A normal backup takes the longest amount of time to back up and recover. A normal backup clears the archive bit on all files after backing up. Q2. An incremental backup is the quickest method for performing backups of data. An incremental backup only backs up files that have been created or modified

(their archive bit is set to 1) since the last normal or incremental backup. An incremental backup also clears the archive bit (sets the archive bit back to 0) of all files that it backs up. Q3. reinstall the os. start -> run -> type “ntbackup” -> ok -> next -> select restore -> next -> select backup files -> next -> finish 2.

vamsi Said: September 16th, 2005 2:46 am 11Q What is striping? A technique for spreading data over multiple disk drives. Disk striping can speed up operations that retrieve data from disk storage. The computer system breaks a body of data into units and spreads these units across the available disks. Systems that implement disk striping generally allow the to select the data unit size or stripe width. Disk striping is available in two types. Single striping uses relatively large data units, and improves performance on a single- workstation by allowing parallel transfers from different disks. Multi- striping uses smaller data units and improves performance in a multi- environment by allowing simultaneous (or overlapping) read operations on multiple disk drives.

3.

Vivek Kumar Said: November 26th, 2005 2:35 am

Question 6: RAID’s are of 2 types H/W and S/W RAID. RAID 0 is bascially a type of S/W RAID that ships with Windows Server.. It is a highly perfomance striped volume without parity.. The data is distributed into different parts and the placed over different volumes and hence improving the responce time.. you can use this with disks Betw. 2 to 32. you can not mirror a striped volume rather u can make fault toulerent by backing it up.. 4.

Patsy Farkas Said: December 23rd, 2005 12:21 pm Please send me the answers for Name key files or directories on a UNIX system that should always be backed up. Name key files or directories on a Windows system that should always be backed up. What is RAID 0? What is RAID 0+1? Why is it better than 0? What is RAID-5? Why would you NOT want to encapsulate a root directory with Veritas? What is concatenation? What is striping? What is a spindle?

5.

ksahu Said: December 26th, 2005 2:19 am What is RAID 0? What is RAID 0+1? Why is it better than 0? What is RAID-5?

6.

swapnatummala Said: January 5th, 2006 5:20 am ple send me the answers for these questions: What is RAID 0? What is RAID 0+1? Why is it better than 0? What is RAID-5? Why would you NOT want to encapsulate a root directory with Veritas? What is concatenation? What is striping? What is a spindle?

7.

elumalai Said: January 27th, 2006 10:56 am #5.RAID-REDUNDANT ARRAY OF INDEPENDENT DISKS. RAID 0-EACH FILE HAS A BACKUP.

8.

oghma Said: February 5th, 2006 6:50 pm Q4: /etc, /boot, /home Q5: “%SystemDrive%\Documents and Settings”

9.

myke Said: February 21st, 2006 6:06 am Number 10 answer is http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concatenation

10. Ashish

Said: April 26th, 2006 11:24 am Q6: Level 0 — Striped Disk Array without Fault Tolerance: Provides data striping (spreading out blocks of each file across multiple disk drives) but no redundancy. This improves performance but does not deliver fault tolerance. If one drive fails then all data in the array is lost.

11. Raja

Said: June 16th, 2006 7:42 am raid 0: its a striping process that means datas dividing raid 1: its a mirroring process so that raid 1 s better than raid 0 raid5:this s also striping and parity process in this raid 5 used 4 partations.4 th one s spare in case 2 nd paratation s failed spare (i mean 4 th ) s activate to 2 nd partation

12. Jeff

Said: October 12th, 2006 12:52 pm RAID 0: Striping. Data is spread across multiple disks. No redundancy.

RAID 1: Mirrioring. Data written to a mirror is duplicated to a second disk or volume. RAID 0+1: Striping + Mirroring: Data is striped across 2 or more disks, then duplicated to identical disk setups. This provides speed, as well as redundancy. RAID 1+0: Mirroring + Striping: _MIRRORS_ are striped across multiple disks. Faster than 0+1, but not as redundant. RAID 5: RAID with parity. Data is striped across multiple disks. A disk or disks in a RAID-5 set is reserved for parity information. This way data can be reconstructed using the pairity information. Why would you NOT want to do root-disk encapsulation with Veritas? This is not nessacarily the case anymore with versions of VxFS greater than 4.5. root disk encapsulation requires kernel-level drivers in most cases. Because of this, encapsulating the root partition can make it unreadable in a bare-metal recovery situation. What is Concatination? Concatination is a process whereby multple disk drives are combined into a larger volume. e.g. 2 drives, 1 30 GB drive, and a 10 GB drive are combined to present a 40GB drive to the OS.

What is Striping? Striping is a process whereby data is split across multiple disks. This is typically done with identical drives. Data being written is split into small blocks (832K typically) and written across as many drives that are in the striped volume. The block-size is typically called an ‘interlace’ or ‘interleave’ factor. This makes writing and reading data much faster than writing to a single disk. What is a spindle? Spindles are the center-points of disk drives.. the rotating shaft. The reason this question could be relevant is that when discussing RAID, it’s not uncommon to hear like “Spliting data across as many spindles as possible to achieve performance”… i think this term has started to fall out of use however. 13. Jeff

Said: October 12th, 2006 12:59 pm # What is a level 0 backup? Level 0 backups are also known as “full” backups. ALL data on a system is copied. # What is an incremental backup? An Incremental backup is copying data that has only changed since the last FULL backup. # What steps are required to perform a bare-metal recovery? Most bare-metal recovery solutions require that a minimal OS be installed back onto the system. There is software out there that can assist with this. However

it’s usually easier to just boot a box from a CD or network server, install a base OS, and recover from the last known good backup. # Name key files or directories on a UNIX system that should always be backed up. SOLARIS systems: /etc - System configuration information. /var/ - additional log directory for Solaris. /var/log - preserve log data for forensics if needed. LINUX Systems: /etc - system configuration information. /boot - Linux kernel information /var/log - Log data for forensics if needed. # Name key files or directories on a Windows system that should always be backed up c:\ :) 14. Perry

Bryant Said: October 18th, 2006 11:36 am 1. What is a level 0 backup? Level 0 backup is normal or full backup. A normal backup disregards the archive bit in all files and backs up all files and folders selected, regardless of when they were modified. A normal backup is the most complete type of backup, and the only type of backup that can be used to back up the registry and other critical system files. A normal backup takes the longest amount of time to back up and recover. A normal backup clears the archive bit on all files after backing up.

2. What is an incremental backup? An incremental backup is the quickest method for performing backups of data. An incremental backup only backs up files that have been created or modified (their archive bit is set to 1) since the last normal or incremental backup. An incremental backup also clears the archive bit (sets the archive bit back to 0) of all files that it backs up. 3. What steps are required to perform a bare-metal recovery? Reinstall the OS. start -> run -> type “ntbackup” -> ok -> next -> select restore -> next -> select backup files -> next -> finish 4. Name key files or directories on a UNIX system that should always be backed up. 5. Name key files or directories on a Windows system that should always be backed up. 6. What is RAID 0? Striped Disk Array without Fault Tolerance: Provides data striping (spreading out blocks of each file across multiple disk drives) but no redundancy. This improves performance but does not deliver fault tolerance. If one drive fails then all data in the array is lost. 7.What is RAID 0+1? Why is it better than 0? · RAID 0: Striping. Data is spread across multiple disks. No redundancy. · RAID 1: Mirroring. Data written to a mirror is duplicated to a second disk or volume. · RAID 0+1: Striping + Mirroring: Data is striped

across 2 or more disks, and then duplicated to identical disk setups. This provides speed, as well as redundancy. · RAID 1+0: Mirroring + Striping: _MIRRORS_ are striped across multiple disks. Faster than 0+1, but not as redundant. · RAID 5: RAID with parity. Data is striped across multiple disks. A disk or disks in a RAID-5 set is reserved for parity information. This way data can be reconstructed using the parity information. 8. Why would you NOT want to encapsulate a root directory with Veritas? Encapsulating the root partition can make it unreadable in a bare-metal recovery situation. 9. What is concatenation? Concatenation is the operation of ing two character strings end to end. 10. What is striping? A technique for spreading data over multiple disk drives. Disk striping can speed up operations that retrieve data from disk storage. The computer system breaks a body of data into units and spreads these units across the available disks. Systems that implement disk striping generally allow the to select the data unit size or stripe width. Disk striping is available in two types. Single striping uses relatively large data units, and improves performance on a single- workstation by allowing parallel transfers from different disks. Multi- striping uses smaller data units and improves performance in a multi- environment by allowing

simultaneous (or overlapping) read operations on multiple disk drives. 11. What is a spindle? Spindles are the center-points of disk drives.. the rotating shaft. The reason this question could be relevant is that when discussing RAID, it’s not uncommon to hear like “Splitting data across as many spindles as possible to achieve performance” 12. What is RAID? REDUNDANT ARRAY OF INDEPENDENT DISKS. RAID 0-EACH FILE HAS A BACKUP. 15. Basha

Said: December 23rd, 2006 8:45 am I can put 30 HDD in a Dell server(configuration of Raid 5)in between two HDD was get problem. on that time wat we have to do?? I have out 2 New HDD …. If I put 2 new HDD wat about the Configuration of Raid 5??or we have configure RAID 5.. How??

16. Kilgore

Trout Said: January 26th, 2007 10:03 am Why would you NOT want to do root-disk encapsulation with Veritas? Because it loses the slice information.

17. sankaranarayanan

Said: February 1st, 2007 8:42 am Raid 0, Raid 1, Raid 5 Raid 0 is with out Fault tolerance.nothing will be retrived. Raid 1…Disk mirroring is the basic function occurs. 1) It creats exact copy of one physical harddisk to another. 2 It uses one controller 3 If one drive fails system will boot with other drive. 4 slow performance. 5 Increased cost every mirror must be seperate physical device thus you must purchase twice the storage capacity. 6 no protection from controller failure.: if controller failure , the mirrored drives as just inaccesible. Raid 5: Disk stripping with parity. It is completely Software based and higly secured technology. 1 Raid 5 is in-expensive, but very convinient. 2 The parity information is stored distributed in different disk . 3 If one of the disk fails , it is hot swappable. 4 Parity information is stored in other Harddisk is automatically updated to failed one. 5 If more than one disk fails, it should be restored from backup.

Regards, sankarnarayanan.G TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Solaris interview questions 1. What does the pkgadd command do? 2. How do you create a solaris package? 3. How do you view shared memory statistics? 4. How do you get system diagnostics information? 5. What is OBP and how do you access it? 6. What is LOM and how do you access it? 7. What is VTS? 8. What is an alternative to the “top” command on Solaris? 9. What is /etc/system for? 10. What does ndd do? 11. What does init 5 do? 12. What does init 0 do? 13. How do you boot from CD-ROM? 14. What is jumpstart? 15. How do you boot from a Network with jumpstart? 16. What is JASS? 17. What is the difference between NFS version 2 and NFS version 3? 18. What is RPC? Why do I need it? 19. Are kernel parameters tunable during runtime? 20. What does fmthard do?

Categories: Unix/Linux, General | General UNIX interview questions Network interview questions | 21 Responses to “Solaris interview questions” 1.

praveena Said: August 31st, 2005 8:42 am What does the pkgadd command do? pkgadd is used to add a package to the solaris.It installs the package in the /usr/local directory by default.

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praveena Said: August 31st, 2005 8:44 am What is an alternative to the “top” command on Solaris? The alternative to the top command is prstat command in solaris It will give the status of each and every process.

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Ananta Gampaa Said: September 15th, 2005 12:25 pm Comment for 16. The Solaris Security Toolkit, formerly known as the JumpStart Architecture and Security Scripts (JASS) toolkit, provides a flexible and extensible mechanism to harden and audit Solaris Operating Systems (OSs).

4.

Ananta Gampaa Said: September 15th, 2005 12:25 pm Comment 18. RPC:A call to a procedure in a different address space. In a traditional procedure call, the calling procedure and the called procedure are in the same address space on one machine. In a remote procedure call, the calling procedure invokes a procedure in a different address space and usually on a different machine.

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JP Said: July 3rd, 2006 12:53 am Comment 11. init 5 will shutdown and Power-off the server.

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JP Said: July 3rd, 2006 12:54 am Comment 12. init 0 will bring the server to the ok> prompt (Fourth monitor)

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JP Said: July 3rd, 2006 12:56 am Comment 10: ndd command will hardcore the speed of the network interface card.

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JP Said: July 3rd, 2006 12:59 am

Comment 5: OBP is called as Open Boot PROM. This OBP can be accessiable thru ok> prompt (Fourth monitor) 9.

JP Said: July 3rd, 2006 1:04 am Comment 4: You can get system diagonostics information thru prtdiag command. And you can execute this command by /usr/platform/’uname -m’/sbin/prtdiag -v|more

10. Meeta

Shukla Said: July 17th, 2006 4:34 am comment 13: Booting form CD-ROM can be done by the command ok >boot cdrom

11. Meeta

Shukla Said: July 17th, 2006 4:37 am comment 5: Open Boot PROM cand be accessed by two methods a. OK prompt > printenv,setenv,nvalias…… b. #eeprom

12. Sivakumar

Said: October 11th, 2006 1:08 am What is /etc/system for? /etc/system is a kernal file of Solaris OS.

What does fmthard do? fmthard will create partitions in a new disk as in a already created/designed disk. For example we can get output from prtvtoc command and give as a input to the new disk as follows. prtvtoc /dev/rmt/c0t0d0s0 > a | fmthard /dev/rmt/c1todos1 13. suresh

Krishnan Said: November 15th, 2006 2:24 am Commment 15 :How do you boot from a Network with jumpstart? boot net - install comment 13 :How do you boot from CD-ROM? boot cdrom

14. Jagannath

Said: November 20th, 2006 3:42 pm Comment 14: What is jumpstart? The Jumpstart feature is an automatic installation process available in the Solaris operating environment. It allows system s to categorize machines on their network and automatically install systems based on the category to which a system belongs.

15. Srinivasa

Murthy Said: February 17th, 2007 1:23 pm Q.14 Make sure 1. The Install server or boot server is in the same local network segment as client with network link up 2. NFS service are running on Jumpstart server 3. The tftp service are running. To start uncomment the tftp entry in /etc/initd.conf and restart the inet service.

16. Smitha

Said: April 19th, 2007 4:38 am 6.What is LOM Short for LAN on motherboard. The term refers to a chip or chipset capable of network connections that has been embedded directly on the motherboard of a desktop, workstation or server. Instead of requiring a separate network interface card to access a local-area network, such as Ethernet, the circuits are attached to the motherboard. An advantage of a LOM system is an extra available PCI slot that is not being used by the network adapter.

17. Smitha

Said: April 19th, 2007 4:41 am

20) What does fmthard do? The fmthard command updates the VTOC (Volume Table of Contents) on hard disks and, on systems, adds boot information,to the Solaris fdisk partition. One or more of the options,-s datafile, -d data, or -n volume_name must be used to request modifications to the disk label. To print disk label contents, see prtvtoc.The /dev/rdsk/c?[t?]d?s2 file must be the character special file of the device where the new label is to be installed. On systems, fdisk must be run on the drive before fmthard. 18. Avneesh

Said: June 7th, 2007 6:04 am for question 14 Jumpstart installation There is some rules kind of stuff for installing and configuruing the particular machine. because after insatlling fro the jumpstart procedure the machine should br configured accoring to the requirements….

19. Riju

Said: July 22nd, 2007 12:34 pm 1. What does the pkgadd command do? Used for adding packages to the OS 2. How do you create a solaris package?

http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/packages/solaris/sparc/htm l/creating.solaris.packages.html 3. How do you view shared memory statistics? swap -l -> displays swap usage prstat -> examines all active processes on the system and reports statistics based on the selected output mode and sort order vmstat -> reports information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, and u activity pmap -> lists the virtual memory mappings underlying the given process 4. How do you get system diagnostics information? prtdiag -v -> Shows mem, u, Power supply, add-on cards info, LEd status iostat -En -> Shows disk status.(look for hard error) /var//messages -> Logs most commont failures and the entire system events Extended POST -> This can be done at boot time. ipmitool -> Shows voltage, fanspee, led status etc… 5. What is OBP and how do you access it? Open Boot PROM -> Similar to a BIOS in a pc, but a lot more powerful

Stop+A -> from OS (Not recommended) init 0 -> gracefully brings machine to ok> prompt from OS 6. What is LOM and how do you access it? LOM -> Lights out manager Powerful CLI interface which helps to get info about the Server this can be connected via local (Serial management) or over the LAN (Net management) can be used for remote istration, diagnosing issues when machine fails to come up LOM will be active long soon as power is coming to the Server 7. What is VTS? Sun Validation Test Suite -> tests and validates Sun hardware by ing the configuration and functionality of hardware controllers, devices 8. What is an alternative to the “top” command on Solaris? prstat 9. What is /etc/system for? The /etc/system file provides a static mechanism for adjusting the values of kernel parameters. Values specified in this file are read at boot time and are applied. Any changes that are made to the file are not

applied to the operating system until the system is rebooted. 10. What does ndd do? allows you to tune, tweak, set and reset various parameters related to the T/IP stack while the system is running 11. What does init 5 do? Gracefully powers down the system (OS) and powers the machine off 12. What does init 0 do? Gracefully powers down the system (OS) and drops to OBP ie ok> prompt 13. How do you boot from CD-ROM? boot cdrom 20. R.Chinna

Venkanna Babu Said: August 12th, 2007 4:02 am What is the difference between pkgadd -d and patchadd -d command ?

21. R.Chinna

Venkanna Babu Said: August 12th, 2007 4:07 am when a software pkg is added, the pkgadd command uncompresses and copies file from installation media to the local system’s disk.

patchadd is used to install unpacked patches to the solaris operating environment. TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Interview questions for Linux 1. Advantages/disadvantages of script vs compiled program. 2. Name a replacement for PHP/Perl/MySQL/Linux/Apache and show main differences. 3. Why have you choosen such a combination of products? 4. Differences between two last MySQL versions. Which one would you choose and when/why? 5. Main differences between Apache 1.x and 2.x. Why is 2.x not so popular? Which one would you choose and when/why? 6. Which Linux distros do you have experience with? 7. Which distro you prefer? Why? 8. Which tool would you use to update Debian / Slackware / RedHat / Mandrake / SuSE ? 9. You’re asked to write an Apache module. What would you do? 10. Which tool do you prefer for Apache log reports? 11. Your portfolio. (even a PHP guest book may work well) 12. What does ‘route’ command do? 13. Differences between ipchains and iptables. 14. What’s eth0, ppp0, wlan0, ttyS0, etc.

15. What

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are different directories in / for? Partitioning scheme for new webserver. Why?

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Linux interview questions 1. 2. 3. 4.

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How do you list the files in an UNIX directory while also showing hidden files? ls -ltra How do you execute a UNIX command in the background? Use the “&”. What UNIX command will control the default file permissions when files are created? umask Explain the read, write, and execute permissions on a UNIX directory. Read allows you to see and list the directory contents. Write allows you to create, edit and delete files and subdirectories in the directory. Execute gives you the permissions to run programs or shells from the directory. What is the difference between a soft link and a hard link? A symbolic (soft) linked file and the targeted file can be located on the same or different file system while for a hard link they must be located on the same file system. Give the command to display space usage on the UNIX file system. df -lk

Explain iostat, vmstat and netstat. iostat reports on terminal, disk and tape I/O activity. vmstat reports on virtual memory statistics for processes, disk, tape and U activity. netstat reports on the contents of network data structures. 8. How would you change all occurrences of a value using VI? %s/(old value)/(new value)/g 9. Give two UNIX kernel parameters that effect an Oracle install. SHMMAX & SHMMNI 10. Briefly, how do you install Oracle software on UNIX? Basically, set up disks, kernel parameters, and run orainst. 7.

Categories: Database, Unix/Linux | Software tester (SQA) interview questions Oracle DBA interview questions | 5 Responses to “Linux interview questions” 1.

Kyle Said: June 7th, 2004 3:20 am first command: ls -a (or -A if you don’t care about . and .. directories). -l gives more detail, r reverses sort order, t sorts by modification time. They are unimportant to the question, the only thing that matters is the a parameter. Background a process: clarification. Put the & after the command to be executed. ex: file1 file2 &

soft(symbolic)/hard link: soft link is a pointer to something else in the file hierarchy. Thus it matters where on the visibly exposed hierarchy a file resides. This is why they can point to things on different filesystems, as long as they are mounted in a consistent spot. Ex: ext2 partition mounted /mnt/a, reiserfs partition mounted /mnt/b, symlink /mnt/a/mylink -> /mnt/b/my_real_file If b were unmounted, this link goes away. if a were mounted again as b, the link would also not work. this isn’t magic. There is time spent handling this redirection, that you don’t have with hard links. Accessing a symlink makes it need to find the symlink, realize it’s a symlink, then go to the real file. Hard link: different inodes representing the same physical location on the disk. Obviously can’t go outside of its partition boundaries (and be legal). Thus /file1 and /file2 are hardlinked to the same physical location on the disk. There is no redirection here as there is with symlinks. disk usage: again, extra parameters. -l limits to local file systems (ignore network fs’s like samba, etc.). -k means the numbers are given as multiples of 1KiB. This parameter is redundant, on linux. Posix says 512B blocks are to be used, so an environment variable that is rarely set might make this parameter needed. Honestly, I prefer -h. it uses the unit that makes the

most sense, and suffixes it. If I have 10MiB free, it’ll say 10M. If I have 3.4GiB free, it’ll say 3.4G 2.

Bryan Said: October 29th, 2004 8:03 am “Write allows you to create, edit and delete files and subdirectories in the directory.” Not the last time I checked. ;-) Write permission on a directory only allows you to create and delete files and subdirectories. Permission to edit files and subdirectories (where “edit a subdirectory” means “create and delete files in it”) is controlled by the write bit on those files and subdirectories. “Execute gives you the permissions to run programs or shells from the directory.” No, it does not. Permission to run a program or a shell script is controlled by the execute bit on that program or script. The execute bit on a directory controls whether the applicable (actually, programs run by the applicable , but same difference) can chdir() into it, and whether they can stat() files in the directory or any subdirectory. (Permission to stat() a file requires execute permission on all parent directories.) This also means that having read permission on a directory is not sufficient to “ls” it (”Read allows you to see and list the directory contents.” — the first

sentence of the answer), at least not with all GNU ls versions. My GNU ls tries to stat() every file in the directory it’s listing, which will fail if the directory is not executable for the . It will still print the filenames (which shows that the opendir()/readdir() calls were allowed), but only as part of an error message saying that stat()s failed. My GNU bash will also expand wildcards targeted to the non-executablebut-readable directory (this only requires permission to readdir(), as it does not call stat()). In short: read permission allows readdir() syscalls. Write permisson allows creating and deleting files and subdirectories. Execute permission allows chdir() syscalls, and stat() syscalls on all child filesystem elements (files and directories). (However, my experience is limited to Linux ext3 — it is possible that these permissions are specific to it, but I don’t think so.) 3.

Anonymous Said: November 23rd, 2004 11:17 am how do you bless the system folder

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Tim Said: December 8th, 2006 5:44 am Kyle, hard links have the same inode but two different filenames.

zsh, pizza 10:18AM me % ls -li static.key foo 1171062 -rw——- 2 me me 636 Dec 18 2005 foo 1171062 -rw——- 2 me me 636 Dec 18 2005 static.key ^inode 5.

Gagan Said: June 4th, 2007 5:57 pm In the vi editor for replacing a string it will be better if one defines the line from where the file is to be edited. So the actual command will be :n,$s/string/newstring/g where n can be the line number from where the string is to be modified or replaced.

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Unix sys interview questions Q: How would you make the following SQL statement run faster? SELECT * FROM TABLEA WHERE COL1=’A’ AND COL2=’B'; A: Make sure that COL1 and COL2 have indexes. Find out which condition will return less values and use that as the first conditonal. Q: What is Data Mining A: Data Minig is the process of sifting through extremeley

large amounts of Data to find trends or relevent information. Q: Name the Seven layers in the OSI Model. A: Appication, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Phyiscal Q: What is one way to view a unix network share on a Windows computer, within explorer A: NFS, The Unix computer can be running a NFS Server Daemon. Q: How would you find all the processes running on your computer. A: Unix, is ps -ef or ps -aux depending on version. Q: What is DH A: DH is a way to dynamically assign IP address to computers. Dyanmic Host Configuration Protocol Q: What is HTTP Tunneling A: HTTP Tunneling is a security method that encryptes packets traveling throught the internet. Only the intended reciepent should be able to decrypt the packets. Can be used to Create Virtual Private Networks. (VPN) Q: Scenario: You have 9 identical looking balls, however one ball is heavier than the others. You have two chances to use a balance. How do you find out which ball is the heaviest? A: Split into groups of three, randomly choose two groups and use balance on them. If one group is heavier, then discard the other 6 balls. If the two groups are the same

weight. The heavier ball must be in the group that was not on the scale. Now randomly choose two balls and test on balance. If they are the same weight, the heaviest ball is on one that was not tested. Else the heaviest ball is already known from the balance. Categories: Unix/Linux | SQL Server, DBA interview questions Embedded systems interview questions | One Response to “Unix sys interview questions” 1.

Keith Said: March 8th, 2006 12:04 pm I was asked on an interview What are the 5 layers in ftp what does netstat do give 3 examples how do you see what activity is happening on your server what file contains the domain name what happens when you issue an init command what editor do you use what shell do you use what is your favorite shell

TechInterviews.com - Interview questions for tech companies Networking and Unix interview questions What is UTP? UTP — Unshielded twisted pair 10BASE-T is the preferred Ethernet medium of the 90s. It is based on a star topology and provides a number of advantages over coaxial media: It uses inexpensive, readily available copper phone wire. UTP wire is much easier to install and debug than coax. UTP uses RG-45 connectors, which are cheap and reliable. What is a router? What is a gateway? Routers are machines that direct a packet through the maze of networks that stand between its source and destination. Normally a router is used for internal networks while a gateway acts a door for the packet to reach the ‘outside’ of the internal network What is Semaphore? What is deadlock? Semaphore is a synchronization tool to solve criticalsection problem, can be used to control access to the critical section for a process or thread. The main disadvantage (same of mutual-exclusion) is require busy waiting. It will create problems in a multiprogramming system, where a single U is shared among many processes. Busy waiting wastes U cycles.

Deadlock is a situation when two or more processes are waiting indefinitely for an event that can be caused by only one of the waiting processes. The implementation of a semaphore with a waiting queue may result in this situation. What is Virtual Memory? Virtual memory is a technique that allows the execution of processes that may not be completely in memory. A separation of logical memory from physical memory allows an extremely large virtual memory to be provided for programmers when only a smaller physical memory is available. It is commonly implemented by demand paging. A demand paging system is similar to a paging system with swapping. Processes reside on secondary memory (which is usually a disk). When we want to execute a process, we swap it into memory. Explain the layered aspect of a UNIX system. What are the layers? What does it mean to say they are layers? A UNIX system has essentially three main layers: � The hardware � The operating system kernel � The -level programs The kernel hides the system’s hardware underneath an abstract, high-level programming interface. It is responsible

for implementing many of the facilities that s and level programs take for granted. The kernel assembles all of the following UNIX concepts from lower-level hardware features: � Processes (time-sharing, protected address space) � Signals and semaphores � Virtual Memory (swapping, paging, and mapping) � The filesystem (files, directories, namespace) � Pipes and network connections (inter-process communication) Categories: Networking | JSP interview questions Unix/Linux istration interview questions | 3 Responses to “Networking and Unix interview questions” 1.

gagan Said: April 1st, 2004 12:51 pm best site

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andy Said: July 14th, 2004 7:05 pm in question one, what is UTP, it should say RJ-45 instead of RG-45

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Anonymous Said: July 15th, 2004 12:06 am very very useful to interviews.thankyou.