Introduction To Journalism 5iv58

Introduction to Journalism

Brief History of Campus Journalism in the Philippines

The Coconut  First

school paper in Manila public high schools in 1911-1912  Manila High School ( Araullo High School)  Carlos P. Romulo – editor  A mimeographed student paper

American  Introduced

the school publication  1851 – published first high school paper but it was accepted by other American high schools in early 1920’s

La Union Tab  La

Union High School  First regularly issued printed high school paper in 1923

Circular Letter No. 34 s. 1929  First

significant regulation governing the putting out of high school papers which set down certain requirements based on the Service Manual issued by Bureau of Education now DepEd signed by Director Luther B. Bewley

Requirements  Capable

teachers be available to supervise carefully all steps of the paper’s production  Finances be sufficient to avoid seeking subscriptions and to prevent financial embarrassment to the faculty  A printer who has equipment to produce a creditable paper be available

John H. Mcbride Jr.  Acting

executive officer of the department of instruction and information  Sent a letter stating that the school papers should consist chiefly of articles treating of school activities that they should be free from ments, from questionable jokes and cartoons and from worthless poetry and prose

 It

stated further that articles purporting to be written by pupils should be solely the product of their efforts, the assistance of the teacher being limited only to criticism.

1952  Began

the formal classroom instruction in high school journalism  Mrs. Sarah England, American teacher of Mapa high School experimented with the teaching journalism  Araullo, Torres, Arellano, and Abad Santos High schools

Mrs. Clenhencia C. San Juan  Head

English Department in Araullo High School was appointed as Journalism Supervisor

2-2 plan  Journalism

remained as a vocational subject in the second year, an optional subject in the third year and elective in the fourth year college

Early School Journalism  Before

1900-the principle was that “where there is a student body there is a need for a news organ”  School publication was just a dotted with little significance other than the birth of the school publication.  1920-literary essay had given way to the feature story.

1920-poetry abdicated its position to the columns, news story suggested interpretation, and editorial entered the paper.

Four Distinct Types of Publication emerged:  Newspapers  The

annual-now called yearbook  Magazine  Handbook *half of the school papers that are published today began between 1920 to 1940.

School Journalism Today  Student

journalism is never stationary, it always responds to student ingenuity and changing times, and the present period is exceptionally active one, with significant trends.  School papers sphere of news coverage today has noticeably become broader.

Definition of Journalism

 Journal

comes from the Latin word diurna which means “daily”  Acta Diurna – (daily events) short bulletins of battles, fires, and elections compiled by government officials posted in public places in Rome.

Definition of Journalism  “literature “

in a hurry” –Jose A. Quirino

Something that embraces all forms in which and through which the news and comments on the news reach the public. All that happens in the world, if such happenings hold interest for the public, and all the thought, actions, and ideas which these happenings stimulate become the materials for the journalist.”-F. Fraser Bond

Definition of Campus Journalism Campus journalism is defined as “that enjoyable activity of the staff of the campus paper in collecting, organizing and presenting news, writing editorials, columns, features, and literary articles, taking pictures, cartooning, copy reading, proofreading, dummying & writing headlines”.

Scope of Journalism Journalism covers three channels or areas of mass communication: 1. 2. 3.

Written Oral Visual

Written Journalism  Newspaper

– compared to a magazine, prints more news, has no special cover and is printed on a special paper called newsprint  Magazine – print more features and human interest stories, has a special cover usually with a big cut on it and is often printed on bookpaper  Periodicals, brochures, journals, books and graphic arts

Others…  Radio

– oral journalism  Television, movies and documentaries – visual journalism

Note:  Radio

and television are examples of broadcast media while..  Documentaries are examples of film media

Functions of Journalism 1. Inform the public through the news coverage 2.Influence and mold the public opinion 3. Amuse or entertain the public 4. Serve and promote community welfare as a whole

Functions of the Campus paper A.

Aid to the students 1. provide an opportunity for interesting writing; 2.give students the opportunity to learn how to read newspapers; 3.act as a stimulus to better work. 4.develop students’ power of observation and discrimination

Functions of the Campus Paper B. Aid to the School & Community 1. educate the community as to the work of the school 2. publish school and community news; 3. create & express school opinions; 4. make known the achievements of the school to the community.

Modern Functions of Campus Paper  Information

– it informs the readers of events that happened, that are happening or that will still happen  Opinion – Through editorials which interpret the meaning of the news  Education – educate not only the students but also the people in the community

Modern Functions of Campus Paper  Watchdog

– acts as the guardian of the students’ rights  Laboratory – teaching tool for the budding journalist  Documentation – records the student accomplishments for posterity’s sake

Modern Functions of Campus Paper  Entertainment

– keeps the reader company especially when he is alone  Developmental – write on the increasing productivity of the country

Newspaper vs. Newsletter  Newspaper

– issued usually daily or weekly; contains recent news, opinions of current events, features and ads  Newsletter – intends to convey information to small, specialized audience; manuscript report of current happenings; written for special subscribers

Magazine vs. Journal  Magazine

– usually designed for entertainment; contains special, descriptive articles, stories, poems, photos  Journal – referred publication issued by a society or institution; contains news, proceedings, transactions and reports of work conducted in a particular field; usually technical in nature and treatment

Note:  Daily

– published every day  Weeklies – published once a week  Sunday Papers – published every Sunday  National Paper – can be bought easily anywhere in the country

Categories of National papers  Popular

– present their news in a brightly lively fashion with easy-to-read articles and many photographs  Heavy or Quality – emphasize the more serious subjects and print longer articles about them

Qualities of a Good Journalist

1.Resourcefulness- a good journalist is supposed to be resourceful in order to gain access credible sources of information and to gain success to all important event. 2. Critical- in order to separate truth from propaganda and dogmas that may distort truth.

Qualities of a Good Journalist 3. Objective- a journalist is supposed to put aside personal biases and should not let his emotions cloud his judgment. 4. Conscientious- a journalist is not supposed to use his influence in order to meet personal objectives and should be well aware of the consequences that may result from his actions.

 You

need to be thinking “ I want to be the best” and be prepared to take all the necessary steps to get this.

*Specific skills: articulate, confident and be good at working to strict guidelines. *Compare yourself to real broadcast journalisttake notes of what they do well ( and what they aren't doing well ). *Learn from your mistakes.

Sections of the Campus Paper A. B. C. D. E.

News Section Editorial Section Features/Literary Sections Columns: Sports, Fashion, etc. Review

A. Front Page  Local

News – takes place within the country  Foreign News – news that takes place outside the country  Dateline news – an out-of-town news story. It is introduced by a dateline which states the place from which the story was reported, the date, and the source of the material if not written by the local staff

A. Front Page  Weather

News – usually a boxed forecast of the are, sometimes the temperature, wind directions and velocities  Index – a slug line indicating an important inside page story and the page where it is found

A. Other things on the Front Page  Nameplate

– the engraved or printed name of the newspaper  Ears – the little boxes on either side of the nameplate  Banner – the principal headline bearing the boldest and biggest type – –

Banner news – most important news of the day Streamer – if it run across the page

A. Other things on the Front Page  Running

head – a head made up of two or more lines  Headline – the title of any news story  Deck – a subordinate headline placed immediately below its mother headline also known as bank or readout  Lead – the beginning of a news story

A. Other things on the Front Page  News

Story – the whole story of an event composed of the lead and the text which is the elaboration of the lead  Columns – the horizontal division into parts of a news paper (national paper – 8 cols; school paper – 5 cols)  Column rule – the vertical line that divides the page into columns. (space = 1 em called sunken rule)

A. Other things on the Front Page  Fold

– the imaginary horizontal line that divides the newspaper equally into two parts  Byline – the signature of a reporter preceding a news-feature as By Warren Cruz  Box – news material enclosed by line rules  Cut – a metal plate bearing a newspaper’s illustration also known as cliché

A. Other things on the Front Page  Cutline

– the text accompanying photos and other artwork, better known as a caption. If written above the photo just like a slugline, it is called an overline  Kicker – a tagline placed above but smaller than a headline, also known as teaser. If it is bigger than the headline it is called a hammer  Credit line – a line giving the source of the story

B. Editorial Page  Cutline

– the text accompanying photos and other artwork, better known as a caption. If written above the photo just like a slugline, it is called an overline  Kicker – a tagline placed above but smaller than a headline, also known as teaser. If it is bigger than the headline it is called a hammer  Credit line – a line giving the source of the story

If you want to succeed you’ll definitely need to be headstrong. Always think “ What do I need to do to achieve my goals?”