List Of Chinese Classifiers 2g152

List of Chinese classifiers From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following tables list the common classifiers and measure words found in the Chinese languages, as well as other units of measurement or currency having a similar function. For full details about these classes of words, see the article Chinese classifier. In the tables, the first and second columns contain the Chinese character representing the classifier, in traditional and simplified versions when they differ. The third column gives the pronunciation in Standard (Mandarin) Chinese, using pinyin, and the fourth gives the Cantonese pronunciation, using Yale romanization. The fifth column explains the classifier's principal uses (the types of noun with which it can be used); quotation marks surround its literal meaning. Contents [hide] •

• • •

o o o

1 Nominal classifiers 1.1 Classifiers proper 1.2 Measure words/massifiers 1.3 Measurement units 2 Verbal classifiers 3 Notes 4 External links

Nominal classifiers[edit] Classifiers proper[edit] Trad. Simp.

Mandarin Cantonese (pinyin) (Yale)

Meaning and principal uses

把

bǎ

ba2

"handful" — objects that can be held, relatively long and flat objects (knives 刀, scissors 剪刀, swords 劍/剑, keys 鑰匙/剑匙; also chairs 椅子)

本

běn

bun2

"volume" — bound print matter (books 書/剑, etc.)

bung6

walls 墻 (Cantonese only)

bou6

novels 小說/小剑, movies 電影/剑影, TV dramas etc. ; Cantonese only: machines, vehicles

chaak3

volumes of books (冊 is more common in Traditional Chinese, 册 in Simplified)

剑

bù

部

冊/册 冊/册 cè

層

剑

céng

chang4

"storey", "layer" — buildings 樓/楼, etc.

場

剑

chǎng

cheung4

public spectacles, games 比賽/比剑, drama 戲/剑, film 電影/剑影, etc.

處

剑

chù

齣

出

chū

cheut1

acts in a play, "performance" — plays 戲/剑, circus 馬戲/剑剑, etc.

次

cì

chi3

"time" — opportunities 機會/机会, accidents 事故

道

dào

dou6

linear projections (light rays 亮光, etc.), orders given by an authority figure 命令, courses (of food) 點心/点心, walls and doors 門/剑, questions 題/剑, number of times (for certain procedures) 工序

"location", "site" — ruins 廢墟/剑墟, construction site 工地

頂

剑

dǐng

deng2

objects with protruding top (hats 帽子, etc.)

棟

剑

dòng

dung6

lit. pillars, used for buildings 房子

dǔ

dou6

walls and encoming fixtures 牆/剑

dùn

deun6

meals 飯/剑

duǒ

do2/deu2

flowers 花, clouds 雲/云

fā

fa1

Military projectiles, such as bullets 子彈/子剑, artillery shells 炮彈/炮剑, rockets, guided missiles etc.

份

fèn

fan6

portions, copies — newspapers 報紙/剑剑, notarized document 公證/公剑, contract 合同

封

fēng

fung1

letters 信, mail, fax 傳真/剑真

幅

fú

fuk1

works of art (paintings 畫兒/画儿, etc.)

ge (gè)

go3

individual things, people — general, catch-all measure word (usage of this classifier in conjunction with any noun is generally accepted if the person does not know the proper classifier)

gēn

gan1

thin, slender objects (needles 針/剑, pillars 支柱, etc.); strands 絲/剑(e.g.

堵

頓

剑

剑

發

剑

个

個

根

hair 頭髮/剑剑)

号

號

people, workmen (一百多人); business deals (几号剑剑)[1][2][3][4]

家

jiā

ga1

gathering of people (families 人家, companies 公司, etc.), establishments (shops 商店, restaurants 酒店, hotels 飯店/剑店)

架

jià

ga3

aircraft 飛機/剑机, pianos 琴, machines 儀器/剑器

jiān

gaan1

rooms 屋子, 房; Cantonese only: stores, companies

jiàn

gin6

matters (affairs 事情), clothing 衣裳, etc.

jiè

gaai3

regularly scheduled sessions or meetings 會/会, year-groups in a school (e.g. Class of 2006) 畢業生/剑剑生

卷

juǎn

guen2

"roll" scrolls - film 膠卷/剑卷, toilet paper 手紙/手剑

剑

kē

po1

trees (樹/剑) and other such flora

kē

fo2

small objects (hearts 心, pearls 珠子, teeth 牙齒/牙剑, diamonds 鑽石/剑石, etc.) and also objects appearing to be small (distant stars 星星 and planets 星 球)

kǒu

hau2

people in villages 人, family ; wells 井; blade 刀

lèi

leui6

objects of the same type or category — affair 事情, circumstance 情況/情况

lì

lap1

"grain", small objects such as a grain of rice 米

liàng

leung2

wheeled vehicles: automobiles 汽車/汽剑, bicycles 自行車/自行剑, etc.

liè

lit6

trains 火車/火剑

間

剑

件

届

屆

顆

剑

口

類

剑

粒

輛

剑

列

輪

hào

剑

lún

round — competition 比賽/比剑, discussions 會談/会剑

枚

門

剑

面

名

盤

剑

méi

mui4

medals 獎章/剑章, small flat things like stamps 郵票/剑票 or coins 硬幣/硬 剑, banana peels, bomb shells 大砲/大炮, also for rings 戒指

mén

mun4

objects pertaining to academics (courses 課/剑, majors 專業/剑剑, etc.), also for artillery pieces 大砲/大炮.

miàn

min6

"surface" — flat and smooth objects (mirrors 鏡子/剑子, flags 旗子, etc.)

míng

ming4

honorific, or persons with perceived higher social rank (doctors 醫生/医生, lawyers 律師/律剑, politicians, royalty, etc.); in formal language, can also be used for any type of person (not necessarily high-ranking, e.g. mother 母 親)

pán

pun4

flat objects (video cassettes 錄影帶/剑影剑, etc.); literally means "dishes" and can be used for a plate of food

泡

pào, pāo

匹

pǐ

剑

classifiers for liquids which need preparation (tea 茶, urine 尿)

pat1

horses 馬/剑 and other mounts; also rolls/bolts of cloth 布

pet6

(Cantonese only) puddle of shapeless mass — mud, feces, etc.

篇

piān

pin1

written work: papers 論文/剑文, articles 文章, novels etc.

片

piàn

pin3

"slice" — flat objects, cards, slices of bread 麵包/面包, etc.

起

qǐ

扇

shàn

sin3

doors 門/剑, windows 窗戶/窗剑.

首

shǒu

sau2

songs 歌, poems 詩/剑, music 曲子, etc.

水

shuǐ

艘

sōu

sau2

ships 船

所

suǒ

so2

for buildings whose purposes are explicitly stated, e.g. hospitals 醫院/医院.

case, instance (剑起大剑炎); batch, group (分剑起出剑)[5][6][7][8]

washings/rinsings (剑件剑衫洗了三水了)[9][10]

Otherwise can use "座"

tái

toi4

heavy objects, esp. machines (TVs 電視機/剑剑机, computers 電腦/剑剑, etc.); performances (theatre 話劇/剑剑, etc.)

堂

táng

tong4

periods of classes 課/剑 (e.g. "I have two classes today"), suites of furniture

剑

tàng

tong3

trips (usually repetitive), scheduled transportation services — flights 班機/ 班机

tí

tai4

classifier for questions[citation needed]

臺/台

題

台

剑

條

条

tiáo

tiu4

long, narrow, flexible objects (fish 魚/剑, dogs 狗, tros 褲子/剑子, etc.), also for roads 路 and rivers 河, pertaining to human lives, e.g. "兩條人命" two (human) lives, "一條心", lit. "one heart" (to work as one), classifiers for certain things like counter-measures, etc.

頭

剑

tóu

tau4

"head" — domesticated animals 家畜 (pigs 豬/猪, cows 牛, etc.), hair

尾

wěi

位

wèi

wai2

polite classifier for people (attached to positions, not names) — workers 工 人, director 主任

xiàng

hong6

items, projects — initiative 倡議/倡剑, ordinances 法令, statements 聲明/声 明

項

剑

xiǔ

宿

樣

"tail" — fish 魚/剑 (ancient)

剑

yàng

剑

則

剑

zé

盞

剑

zhǎn

nights, overnight stays (住一宿)[11][12][13]

yeung6

general items of differing attributes

jam6

(Cantonese only) odor 味

sections of text — notice 消息, jokes 笑話/笑剑, news 新聞/新剑, etc.

jaan2

light fixtures (usually lamps 燈/灯), pot of tea etc.

張

剑

zhāng

jeung1

"sheet" — flat objects (paper 紙/剑, tables 桌子, etc.), faces 臉/剑, bows, paintings 圖畫/剑画, tickets 票, constellations, blankets, bedsheets 床單/床 剑; Cantonese only: chairs 凳

隻

只

zhī

jek3

one of a pair (hands 手, legs); animals (birds 剑, cats 貓/猫, etc.)

支

zhī

ji1

fairly long, stick-like objects (pens 筆/剑, chopsticks, roses, rifles 槍/剑, etc.), fleets 剑剑/艦隊

枝

zhī

ji1

alternative form of 支 ("stalk"): can be used for rifles 槍/剑 and flowers

zhǒng

jung2

types or kinds of objects (animals 動物/剑物)

种

種

株

zhū

trees 剑

柱

zhù

incense 香

尊

zūn

statues 像

座

zuò

jo6

large structures/buildings 樓/楼, mountains 山

Measure words/massifiers[edit] Trad. Simp.

(pinyin)

bān

班

幫

Mandarin Cantonese

帮

(Yale)

baan1

Meaning and principal uses

scheduled services (trains 火車/火剑, etc.), group of people 人, a class as in pupils 學生/学生

"group", "gang" (bandits 匪徒, children 孩子 )

bāng

包

bāo

baau1

"package", "bundle" (cookies 餅乾/剑干, cigarettes 香煙/香烟)

杯

bēi

bui1

"cup" — liquids (water 水)

輩

剑

bèi

筆

剑

bǐ

"generation", "lifetime" (people 人)

bat1

large quantities of money (money 錢/剑, funds 資金/剑金)

sets of numbers; or something that comes in a string (e.g. 號碼/号 剑: "a string of numbers"; 珍珠頸鏈/剑剑: "pearl necklace"; 葡萄: "a

chuàn

串

bunch of grapes"), objects on a skewer/stick (kebabs, satays)

床

chuáng

chong4

"bed" — blankets 毯子, sheets

袋

dài

doi6

"bag" — sackfuls, pouchfuls, bagfuls, pocketfuls — flour 麵粉/面粉

滴

dī

dik6

"droplet" water 水, blood 鮮血/剑血, other such fluids

diǎn

dim2

段

duàn

dyun6

堆

duī

deui3

點

点

ideas 意見/意剑, suggestions, can also mean "a bit" (often used to denote amount) — courage 膽量/胆量

"ading length" — cables 電線/剑剑, roadways 路, a part in a drama, play etc. 臺詞/台剑

"pile", "mass" — trash 剑剑, sand 沙子

"couple" — people 人, "pair" (for certain things only) earrings 耳環/ 對

剑

duì

deui3

耳剑, couplets; Cantonese only: pair of objects which naturally come in pairs (e.g. chopsticks 剑子, shoes 鞋, etc.)

服

fú

fuk6

"dose" — (Chinese) medicine

objects which come in pairs (gloves 手套, etc.) also for 副

fù

fu3

spectacles/glasses 眼鏡/眼剑, a pack of cards 牌, mahjong 麻將/麻 将

股

gǔ

gu2

flows (of air 氣/气, smell 香味, influence 潮流)....

gau6

剑

guǎn

罐

guàn

行

háng

hong4

盒

hé

hap6

wu6

剑

hù

壺

剑

hú

huǒ

剑

牙膏

Small to medium cans of soda, of juice, bottles of water, cans of food...

fo2

jì

節

剑

jié

jit3

jù

geui3

faai3

剑

kuài

倆

剑

liǎ

read xíng, see below.

"small box" — e.g. tape, foods

households (剑 is common in handwritten Traditional Chinese) — household 人家

generally derogatory classifier for bands of people such as gangs or hoodlums (匪徒)

dose (medicine 藥/剑)

剑

塊

"row" — objects which form lines (words 詞/剑, etc.). — 行 is also

pot — tea 茶

劑

句

charcoal, rice, etc.

"tube" — toothpaste and things that comes in tubes — toothpaste

管

戶/剑

(Cantonese only) "piece of", "chunk of" — rock, soap, ginger,

"section" — of bamboo 竹子, etc.; a class period at school 課/剑; batteries (that look like a section of bamboo): "兩節電池。"

lines, sentences, etc. — sentence 話/剑, English 英語/英剑

"chunk", "lump", "piece" — land 地, stones 石頭/石剑, etc.; cake 蛋 糕 (piece/slice), bread (not slices) 麵包/面包, "dollar" 錢/剑

sometimes used informally instead of 剑个 (liǎng ge), to mean "two" (especially two things or people that are close to one another)

縷

剑

(strand/slither of) hair, smoke 煙/烟, wind 風/剑

lǚ

排

pái

paai4

"row" — objects grouped in rows (chairs 座位, etc.)

批

pī

pai1

(a large amount of) people 人, goods 商品, etc.

瓶

píng

ping4

"bottle" — drinks 飲料/剑料

期

qī

kei4

(issues of) periodicals 雜誌/剑志

群

qún

kwan4

"group" (incl. people 人), "herd" — students 學生/学生, birds 鳥/剑

剑

sā

束

shù

chuk1

shuāng

seung1

tào

tou3

"set" — books 書/剑, magazines, collectibles, clothes 衣裳, etc.

tuán

tyun4

"ball" — rotund and wound objects (balls of yarn 毛線/毛剑, etc.)

双

雙

套

團

剑

坨

tuó

碗

wǎn

些

xiē

行

xíng

sometimes used informally instead of 三个 to mean "three", "three of"

"bundle", for flowers 花, light, etc.

pair of objects which naturally come in pairs (e.g. chopsticks 剑子, shoes 鞋, etc.)

"lump" — mud 泥, feces 糞便

wun2

"bowl" — soup 湯/剑, rice 米飯/米剑, congee 粥

"some" — general massifier. Only used in the form 一些, or without a number (e.g. after demonstratives).

groups of people traveling together, such as a trade commission or diplomats and aides visiting a foreign country: "国王一行人离开巴黎 后十分剑剑" (having left Paris, the king and retinue were enthused).

Note: almost only used in the form 一行人. — 行 is also read háng, see above.

帀

匝

zā

number of revolutions, times to go around

In Cantonese usage, this is used in lieu of shù (束), e.g. a bundle of 扎

zhā

ja1

flowers "jar", "jug" — drinks such as beer, soda, juice, etc. (A recent loanword from English, it may be considered informal or slang.)

陣

剑

jan6

剑

"gust", "burst" — events with short durations (e.g. lightning storms, gusts of wind 風/剑, etc.)

a "pour" of water, tea (liquid); a "bet" — lottery 彩票

zhù

注

組

zhèn

zǔ

jou2

sets, rows, series, group of people 人, batteries 電池/剑池 (military)

Measurement units[edit] See also Chinese units of measurement and Chinese SI prefixes.

Trad.

Simp.

Mandarin

Cantonese

(pinyin)

(Yale)

Meaning

Time

秒

miǎo

miu5

"second"

分

fēn

fan1

"minute"

刻

kè

hak1 haak1

天

tiān

tin1

"quarter","15 minutes" (mainly in some dialects, such as Shanghainese, and translations)

"day"

日

rì

yat6

"day"

年

nián

nin4

"year"

zǎi

joi2 joi3

"year" (ancient)

載

剑

Weight/mass

kè

克

hak1 haak1

"gram"

兩

剑

liǎng

50 grams(1/10 jīn), used to be 1/16 jīn

加崙/加侖

加剑

jiālùn

gallon

jīn

gan1

"catty", "pound", 1/2 kilograms

公斤

gōngjīn

gung1 gan1

"metric jīn", kilogram

千克

qiānkè

斤

噸

吨

dūn

chin1 hak1/haak1

deun1

"kilogram"

"ton"

Length/distance

公分

gōngfēn

gung1 fan1

厘米

límǐ

lei4 mai5

寸

cùn

chyun3

"metric fēn",centimetre

"centimetre" (More common in Mainland China and Hong Kong)

Chinese "inch" (⅓ of a decimetre)

吋

cùn

chyun3

British inch

尺

chǐ

che2/chek3

Chinese "foot" (⅓ of a metre)

呎

chǐ

chek3

British foot

英尺

yīngchǐ

ying1 chek3

British foot

公尺

gōngchǐ

gung1 chek3

"metric chǐ", metre

米

mǐ

mai5

"metre"

里

lǐ

lei5

"lǐ", (500 metres)

哩

lǐ

le1/lei5/li1

British mile

英里

yīnglǐ

ying1 lei5

British mile

公里

gōnglǐ

gung1 lei5

"kilometre" (1000 metres)

天文單位 天文剑位 tiānwéndānwèi

tin1 man4 daan1 wai2

"astronomical unit"

光年

guāngnián

gwong1 nin4

"light year"

秒差距

miǎochājù

miu5 cha1 geui6 "parsec"

Money

圓/元

剑/元

yuán

yun4

"yuán", "¥" (main unit of currency) (either form can be used in Traditional Chinese text)

kuài

faai3

"block", yuán (a slang term, like "quid" or "buck")

蚊

wén

man1

"dollar" (slang in HK Cantonese)

角

jiǎo

gok3

"jiǎo", "dime", "tenpence"

毛

máo

hou4

"máo", "dime", "tenpence" (slang)

分

fēn

fan1/fan6

"fēn", "cent", "penny"

塊

剑

Verbal classifiers[edit] See Chinese classifier → Verbal classifiers.

Trad. Simp.

Mandarin Cantonese (pinyin)

Meaning and uses

(Yale)

biàn

bin3 pin3

the number of times an action has been completed

chǎng

cheung4

a length of an event taking place within another event

cì

chi3

dùn

deun6

actions without repetition

huí

wui4

occurrences (used colloquially)

shēng

seng1/sing1 cries, shouts, etc.

剑

tàng

tong3

trips, visitations, etc.

下

xià

ha5/ha6

brief and often sudden actions (much more common

遍

場

剑

次

頓

剑

回

声

聲

times (unlike 遍, 次 refers to the number of times regardless of whether or not it was completed)

in Cantonese than in North dialects).