Mc9247 Network Programming Lab Manual(1) 6v6o36

#include #include<sys/types.h> #include<string.h> #include<sys/stat.h> #include<sys/ipc.h> struct msg Page 17

MC9247– NETWORK PROGRAMMING LAB { long type; char ms[20]; }m; int main() { int id,f; id=msgget(201,IPC_CREAT|S_IRWXU); printf("\n%d",id); m.type=1; stry(m.ms,"Welcome"); f=msgsnd(id,m.ms,24,IPC_NOWAIT); if(f==0) printf("\nMessage Send Suffully"); else printf("\nMessage not send"); return 0; } MESSAGE RECEIVE #include<stdio.h> #include #include<string.h> #include<sys/stat.h> #include #include<sys/types.h> #include<sys/ipc.h> #include<sys/msg.h> struct msg { long type; char ms[20]; }m; int main() { int id,f; id=msgget(202,S_IRWXU); printf("\n%d",id); msgrcv(id,&m,24,1,0); printf("\nThe Msg Received is : %s",m.ms); return 0; } OUTPUT Page 18

MC9247– NETWORK PROGRAMMING LAB

[exam24@proxyserver 2mca]$ cc msgsnd.c [exam24@proxyserver 2mca]$ ./a.out Message Send Suffully [exam24@proxyserver 2mca]$ cc msgrcv.c [exam24@proxyserver 2mca]$ ./a.out The msg received is WELCOME

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MC9247– NETWORK PROGRAMMING LAB Exercise No :3 Date

Program to implement Pipes

Aim : To write a C Program to implement pipes. Description •

A UNIX pipe provides a one-way flow of data. • A pipe can be explicitly created in Unix using the pipe system call. Two file descriptors are returned--fildes[0] and fildes[1], and they are both open for reading and writing. A read from fildes[0] accesses the data written to fildes[1] on a first-infirst-out (FIFO) basis and a read from fildes[1] accesses the data written to fildes[0] also on a FIFO basis. • When a pipe is used in a Unix command line, the first process is assumed to be writing to stdout and the second is assumed to be reading from stdin. So, it is common practice to assign the pipe write device descriptor to stdout in the first process and assign the pipe read device descriptor to stdin in the second process. This is elaborated below in the discussion of multiple command pipelines. Program: #include<stdio.h> #include #include<sys/ipc.h> #include<sys/types.h> void main() { char *msg1="Hello"; char in[20]; int p[2],pid; pipe(p); pid=fork(); if(pid>0) { close(p[0]); write(p[1],msg1,16); Page 20

MC9247– NETWORK PROGRAMMING LAB } if(pid==0) { close(p[1]); read(p[0],in,16); printf("%s",in); } } OUTPUT [exam24@proxyserver 2mca]$ cc pipe.c [exam24@proxyserver 2mca]$ ./a.out MESSAGE : Hello

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Exercise No : 4 Date

Program to implement Shared Memory

Aim : To write a C Program to implement the concept of Shared Memory Description •

The shared memory is a mechanism that allows processes to exchange data. One process creates the memory area, and the other process, which has appropriate permissions accesses the memory. In System V, the shared memory allows several processes to attach a segment of physical memory to their virtual addresses. A shared memory is a portion of the memory that is shared between processes.

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If the child process tries to update any page from the table, this page is specifically copied and then the copy of the child process modified. This is useful for a process that calls the fork() and the exec() functions.

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A shared memory segment is created by using a shmget() system function. The ownership permission can be modified using the shmctl() system function. Other processes, if granted permissions, may perform control functions on the shared memory by using this system function. After the shared memory is created, a shared location can be attached to the address space of a process by using the shmat() system function. After the segment is attached, it may be granted the read or write permission.

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A single process may attach a segment many times. A unique number held in the system variable, shmid, identifies the segment. The shared segment can be removed by calling the shmdt() function. The structure definitions for the shared memory area control structures, and prototypes are specified in the <sys/shm.h> system header file.

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MC9247– NETWORK PROGRAMMING LAB Program: #include<stdio.h> #include<sys/ipc.h> #include<sys/types.h> #include<sys/shm.h> #include #include<sys/stat.h> #include<string.h> int main() { char *c; int shmid; if((shmid=shmget(666,10,IPC_CREAT|S_IRWXU))==-1) printf("\n error in creating shared memory"); else { printf("\n Shared memory is created"); if((c=shmat(shmid,NULL,0))==-1) printf("\n error in attaching address"); else { stry(c,"welcome"); printf("\n The value is=%s",c); shmdt(c); } } return 0; }

#include<stdio.h> #include #include<sys/types.h> #include<sys/ipc.h> #include<sys/stat.h> #include<sys/shm.h> #include #include<string.h> int main() { int shmid; char *c; if((shmid=shmget(666,10,0))==-1) printf("error in operating shared memory"); Page 23

MC9247– NETWORK PROGRAMMING LAB else { c=shmat(shmid,NULL,0); printf("received msg is:%s",c); shmdt(c); if((shmctl(shmid,IPC_RMID,0))==-1) printf("\n memory not removed"); else printf("\n memory is removed"); } return 0; } OUTPUT [exam24@proxyserver 2mca]$ cc shsend.c [exam24@proxyserver 2mca]$ ./a.out Shared memory is created The value is=welcome [exam24@proxyserver 2mca]$ cc shrec.c [exam24@proxyserver 2mca]$ ./a.out received msg is:welcome memory is removed

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Implementing byte ordering functions

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Implementation of address conversion routines

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Implementation of address conversion routines

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Program to obtain the local and remote socket address

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Program to manipulate IP address and test its characteristics

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Program to manipulate IP address and test its characteristics

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Program to obtain information about (A) Host (B) Network (C)Protocols (D) Domains

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Program to create T sockets for sending and receiving data

Aim Write a C program to demonstrate T network communication Description •

The stream protocol, also known as T, is connection orientated.

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This requires a connection to be established between the sender and receiver.

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One of the sockets listens for a connection request (the server), the other socket asks for a connection (the client).

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When the server accepts the connection request from the client, data can then be sent between the server and client.

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In T there is no limit on the amount of data that can be transmitted. T is also a reliable protocol, in that data is received in the same order in which it was sent.

Client Step 1 : include the necessary header files Step 2: declare the two integer values : numbytes, sockfd Step 3 : declare a char buff of size 100 Step 4 : declare a pointer variable hname of type struct hostent Step 5: declare a variable serveraddr of type sockaddr_in Step 6: use the gethostbyname() function to lookup the server name and check if it was successful or not . Step 7: call the socket function and check if it is successful or not and store the return value in sockfd Step 8:initialize the values of serveraddr to 0, using the bzero function Step 9 : Initialize the values of sin_family and sin_port of the serveraddress Step 10 : get the h_addr of the hname and type cast it to struct in_addr pointer and assign this value to the sin_addr as follows

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MC9247– NETWORK PROGRAMMING LAB Step 11 : use the connect function to establish the connection with the server and check if it successful or not Step 12 : use recv() function to receive the data sent by the server and check if it was successfully received or not Step 13: Print the data that was received on the screen Server Step 1: declare two integer values – sockfd and newsockfd Step 2: declare a variable myaddress of type structure sockaddr_in; Step 3:declare a variable clientaddress of type structure sockaddr_in; Step 4: using the socket function create a socket and check if it was successful or not Step 5: initialize the values of the myaddress to zero using bzero function Step 6: Initialize the values of sin_family, sin_port and in_addr (INADDR_ANY) Step 7: Use the bind() function to get the local protocol address of the server and check if it is successful or not Step 8: Use the listen() function to wait for a connection and check if it is successful or not Step 9:use the accept () function to accept a client connection and store the return value in the newsockfd variable . Check if it is successful or not Step 10 : use the send function to send some data to the client and check if it was successfully sent or not ( note that you must use the newsockfd to send the data and not the sockfd) Program:

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Program to create UDP sockets for sending and receiving data

Aim Write a C program to demonstrate UDP network communication Description •

The datagram protocol, also known as UDP, is connectionless.

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This means that each time a datagram (a packet of data to a destination) is sent, the socket and destination computers address must be included.

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There is a limit of 64KB for datagrams sent to a specific location.

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UDP is also unreliable, as there is no guarantee that the datagrams sent will arrive in the same order at the destination.

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Client does not establish a connection with the server

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Instead, the client just sends a datagram to the server using sendto()

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Similarly the server does not accept a connection from the client. Instead it just calls a recvfrom() Recvfrom(int sockfd, void *buff, size_t nbytes, int flags, struct sockaddr *from , socklen_t *addrlen) Sendto(int sockfd, const void *buff, size_t nbytes, int flags, struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t *addrlen)

Algorithm Client Step 1 : include the necessary header files Step 2: declare the two integer values : numbytes, sockfd Step 3 : declare a char buff of size 100 Step 4 : declare a pointer variable hname of type struct hostent Step 5: declare a variable serveraddr of type sockaddr_in Step 6: use the gethostbyname() function to lookup the server name and check if it was successful or not . Page 34

MC9247– NETWORK PROGRAMMING LAB Step 7: call the socket function and check if it is successful or not and store the return value in sockfd Step 8:initialize the values of serveraddr to 0, using the bzero function Step 9 : Initialize the values of sin_family and sin_port of the serveraddress Step 10 : get the h_addr of the hname and type cast it to struct in_addr pointer and assign this value to the sin_addr as follows Step 11 : use the connect function to establish the connection with the server and check if it successful or not Step 12 : use recv() function to receive the data sent by the server and check if it was successfully received or not Step 13: Print the data that was received on the screen Server Step 1: declare two integer values – sockfd and newsockfd Step 2: declare a variable myaddress of type structure sockaddr_in; Step 3:declare a variable clientaddress of type structure sockaddr_in; Step 4: using the socket function create a socket and check if it was successful or not Step 5: initialize the values of the myaddress to zero using bzero function Step 6: Initialize the values of sin_family, sin_port and in_addr (INADDR_ANY) Step 7: Use the bind() function to get the local protocol address of the server and check if it is successful or not Step 8: Use the listen() function to wait for a connection and check if it is successful or not Step 9:use the accept () function to accept a client connection and store the return value in the newsockfd variable . Check if it is successful or not Step 10 : use the send function to send some data to the client and check if it was successfully sent or not ( note that you must use the newsockfd to send the data and not the sockfd) Program:

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Program to implement a chat server using T/IP protocol

Aim To write a program for implementing Client-Server Chat using T. Algorithm Server Step1:Start the program. Step2: Create an unnamed socket for the server using the Parameters AF_INET as domain and the SOCK_STREAM as type. Step3: Name the socket using bind() system call with the parameters server_sockfd and the server address(sin_addr and sin_sport). Step4: Create a connection queue and wait for clients using the listen() system call with number of clients request as parameters. Step5: Accept the connection using accept() system call when client requests for connection. Step6: Get the message which has to be sent to the client and check that it is not equal to ‘Bye’. Step7: If the message is not equal to‘Bye’ then write the message to the client and goto step6. Step8: If the message is ‘Bye’ then terminate the Process. Step9: Stop the program execution. Client Step1: Start the program. Step2:Create an unnamed socket for client using socket() system. Step3: Call with parameters AF_INET as domain and SOCK_STREAM as type. Step4: Name the socket using bind() system call.

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MC9247– NETWORK PROGRAMMING LAB Step5: Now connect the socket to server using connect() system call. Step6: Read the message from the server socket and compare it with ‘Bye’. Step7: If the message is not equal to ‘Bye’ then print the message to the serverm output device and repeat the steps 6&7. Step8: Get the message from the client side. Step9: Write the message is equal to server sockfd and goto step4. Step10: If the message is equal to ‘Bye’ then print good bye message and terminate the process. Step11: Stop the program. Program:

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Program to implement FTP

Aim : To write a C program to implement File transfer Algorithm :

Server: Step 1: Start Step 2: create a socket with address family AEINET, type SOCK_STERAM and default protocol. Step 3: Initialize the socket and set its attributes. Step 4: Bind the server to socket using bind function. Step 5: wait for the client request on request establish a connection using accept() function. Step 6: Read the source and destination files names from the client. Step 7: Open the source and destination files. Step 8: Read one line of source file and send it to client. Step 9: Receive the line back from the client. Step 10: Repeat steps 8&9 until the end of the source file. Step 11: close the source and destination files. Step 12: close the connection and goto step5. Client: Step 1: start Step 2: Create a socket with address family AEINET type SOCK_STREAM and default protocol. Page 38

MC9247– NETWORK PROGRAMMING LAB Step 3: Initialize the socket and set its attribute set required port no. Step 4: Connect to server using connect () function to initiate the request. Step 5: send the source and destination file names to server. Step 6: Recive the string from the server and print it at the console. Step 7: send the string to the server. Step 8: Repeat step6&7 until the server terminates and connection. Step 9: stop.

Program:

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Simulation of Sliding Window protocol

Aim : To write a C program to implement Sliding window protocol Description : A sliding window protocol is a feature of packet-based data transmission protocols. Sliding window protocols are used where reliable in-order delivery of packets is required, such as in the Data Link Layer (OSI model) as well as in the Transmission Control Protocol (T). Conceptually, each portion of the transmission (packets in most data link layers, but bytes in T) is assigned a unique consecutive sequence number, and the receiver uses the numbers to place received packets in the correct order, discarding duplicate packets and identifying missing ones. The problem with this is that there is no limit of the size of the sequence numbers that can be required. By placing limits on the number of packets that can be transmitted or received at any given time, a sliding window protocol allows an unlimited number of packets to be communicated using fixed-size sequence numbers. For the highest possible throughput, it is important that the transmitter is not forced to stop sending by the sliding window protocol earlier than one round-trip delay time (RTT). The limit on the amount of data that it can send before stopping to wait for an acknowledgment should be larger than the bandwidth-delay product of the communications link. If it is not, the protocol will limit the effective bandwidth of the link.

Algorithm : Step 1: start the program. Step 2: Open the input file in read mode. Step 3: Read the size of the window Step 4: Select randomly the number of packets is to be transferred. Page 40

MC9247– NETWORK PROGRAMMING LAB Step 5: Read the content of the input file. Step 6: Transfer the packet until it reaches the maximum defined size. Step 7: Resume the window size and repeat the above two steps until packets in. Step 8: Close the file. Step 9: Stop the program. Program:

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Simulation of Routing protocols

Aim To write a C program to implement BGP/OSPF Routing Protocol Description : A routing protocol is a protocol that specifies how routers communicate with each other, disseminating information that enables them to select routes then any two nodes on a computer network, the choice of the route being done by routing algorithms. Each router has a priori knowledge only of networks attached to it directly. A routing protocol shares this information first among immediate neighbors, and then throughout the network. This way, routers gain knowledge of the topology of the network. The term routing protocol may refer specifically to one operating at layer three of the OSI model, which similarly disseminates topology information between routers. Although there are many types of routing protocols, three major classes are in widespread use on IP networks: Interior gateway routing via linkstate routing protocols, such as OSPF and IS-IS , Interior gateway routing via path vector or distance vector protocols, such as RIP, IGRP and EIGRP , Exterior gateway routing. BGP v4 is the routing protocol used by the public Internet.

Algorithm 1 .Start. 2. Read the no. of nodes. 3. Read the distance between one node to the other for every node. 4. Assign the distance from a node to itself as zero. 5. Find the shortest path from the given node to other node and assign the same as distance. 6. Print the distance from one node to every other node in form of a matrix. 7. Stop.

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MC9247– NETWORK PROGRAMMING LAB Program:

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Implementation of RPC

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Implementation of DNS

Aim To write a program for the simulation of Domain Name System. Description : The DNS translates Internet domain and host names to IP addresses. DNS automatically converts the names we type in our Web browser address bar to the IP addresses of Web servers hosting those sites. DNS implements a distributed database to store this name and address information for all public hosts on the Internet. DNS assumes IP addresses do not change (are statically assigned rather than dynamically assigned). The DNS database resides on a hierarchy of special database servers. When clients like Web browsers issue requests involving Internet host names, a piece of software called the DNS resolver (usually built into the network operating system) first s a DNS server to determine the server's IP address. If the DNS server does not contain the needed mapping, it will in turn forward the request to a different DNS server at the next higher level in the hierarchy. After potentially several forwarding and delegation messages are sent within the DNS hierarchy, the IP address for the given host eventually arrives at the resolver, that in turn completes the request over Internet Protocol. Algorithm Server Step1: Start the program. Step2: Create the socket for the server. Step3: Bind the socket to the port. Page 45

MC9247– NETWORK PROGRAMMING LAB Step4: Listen for the incoming client connection. Step5: Receive the IP address from the client to be resolved. Step6: Get the domain name for the client. Step7: Check the existence of the domain in the server. Step8: If domain matches then send the corresponding address to the client. Step9: Stop the program execution. Client Step1: Start the Program. Step2: Create the socket for the client. Step3: Connect the socket to the Server. Step4: Send the host name to the server to be resolved. Step5: If the server corresponds then print the address and terminate the process. Program:

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Implementation of HTTP

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Implementation of E-mail

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Implementation of Multi- chat

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Program to create sockets for handling multiple connections

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Perform Socket Programming

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Program to trace the port of a particular host

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Ping Program

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