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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would firstly thank the Almighty without whom nothing is possible. I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards my teachers…………………………. and ………………………………….. for their able and guidance without which all this would never have been possible. I would also thank my parents for their encouragement and belief on me. And my final vote of thanks to my colleagues for their help and .

ABSTRACT Regular and non-invasive assessments of cardiovascular function are important in surveillance for cardiovascular catastrophes and treatment therapies of chronic diseases. Resting heart rate, one of the simplest cardiovascular parameters, has been identified as an independent risk factor (comparable with smoking, dyslipidemia or hypertension) for cardiovascular disease. Currently, the gold standard techniques for measurement of the cardiac pulse such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) require patients to wear adhesive gel patches or chest straps that can cause skin irritation and discomfort. Commercial pulse oximetry sensors that attach to the fingertips or earlobes are also inconvenient for patients and the spring-loaded clips can cause pain if worn over a long period. The ability to monitor a patient's physiological signals by a remote, non- means is a tantalizing prospect that would enhance the delivery of primary healthcare. For example, the idea of performing physiological measurements on the face was first postulated by Pavlidis and associates and later demonstrated through analysis of facial thermal videos. Although non- methods may not be able to provide details concerning cardiac electrical conduction that ECG offers, these methods can now enable long-term monitoring of other physiological signals such as heart rate or respiratory rate by acquiring them continuously in an unobtrusive and comfortable manner. Beyond that, such a technology would also minimize the amount of cabling and clutter associated with neonatal ICU monitoring, longterm epilepsy monitoring, burn or trauma patient monitoring, sleep studies, and other cases where a continuous measure of heart rate is important. The use of photoplethysmography (PPG), a low cost and non-invasive means of sensing the cardiovascular pulse wave (also called the blood volume pulse) through variations in transmitted or reflected light, for non- physiological measurements has been investigated recently. This electro-optic technique can provide valuable information about the cardiovascular system such as heart rate, arterial blood oxygen saturation, blood pressure, cardiac output and autonomic function.

Typically, PPG has always been implemented using dedicated light sources (e.g. red and/or infrared wavelengths), but recent work has shown that pulse measurements can be acquired using digital camcorders/cameras with normal ambient light as the illumination source. However, all these previous efforts lacked rigorous physiological and mathematical models amenable to computation; they relied instead on manual segmentation and heuristic interpretation of raw images with minimal validation of performance characteristics. Furthermore, PPG is known to be susceptive to motion-induced signal corruption and overcoming motion artifacts presents one of the most challenging problems. In most cases, the noise falls within the same frequency band as the physiological signal of interest, thus rendering linear filtering with fixed cut-off frequencies ineffective. In order to develop a clinically useful technology, there is a need for ancillary functionality such as motion artifact reduction through efficient and robust image analysis.

INTRODUCTION The Medical Mirror is a novel interactive interface that tracks and displays a ’s heart rate in real time without the need for external sensors. Digital medical devices promise to transform the future of medicine because of their ability to produce exquisitely detailed individual physiological data. As ordinary people start to have access and control over their own physiological data, they can play a more active role in the management of their health. This revolution must take place in our everyday lives, not just in the doctor’s office or research lab. However, current techniques for physiological monitoring typically require s to strap on bulky sensors, chest straps or sticky electrodes. This discourages regular use because the sensors can be uncomfortable or encumbering. In this work, we propose a new mirror interface for real time, free measurements of heart rate without the need for external sensors. s can have the experience of remote health monitoring by simply looking into the medical mirror.

HISTORY One night in late 2009, Ming-Zher Poh and his roommate, Dan McDuff, asked some friends to sit in front of a laptop. Poh, an electrical- and medicalengineering graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was trying to transform the computer's webcam into a heart-rate monitor. He hoped that his software would allow doctors to check the vital signs of burn victims or babies without attaching uncomfortable clips, and that it would make it easier for adults to track their cardiovascular health over time. That night, the program wasn't working in real time, but its measurements were near perfect. "Right away I knew we had something special," Poh says. A year and a half later, a large framed mirror embedded with a more refined version of Poh's system sits in the MIT Media Lab. Behind the two-way glass, a webcam-equipped monitor is wired to a laptop. Stand before the mirror, and the otherwise blank monitor projects your heart rate on top of your reflection. When your heart beats, it sends a pulse of blood through your blood vessels. Blood absorbs light, so when more of it travels through the vessels, less of the light hitting your skin is reflected. A webcam can pick up those small fluctuations in reflected light, Poh says, and a computer program can translate that data into a heart-rate reading. Researchers had tracked this effect with a high-resolution camera, but Poh wanted to use a simple webcam so that nearly every computer and smart phone could double as a heart-rate monitor. To make that possible, he developed an algorithm that could pick out the heart rate's light pattern from all the other reflected light captured by a webcam. With help from McDuff, a grad student at the MIT Media Lab, Poh wrote code to process the data in real time, allowing the laptop to generate an instant heart-rate reading. Poh plans to try to bring the mirror to market after he finishes his Ph.D. later this year. He says the system could be used to measure other vitals as well, including respiratory rate and blood-oxygen saturation, which should broaden its appeal. "This shows your inner health," he says. "Maybe as people use it, they'll say, 'This is part of my identity. It's not just how I look on the outside.'

DESIGN OF MEDICAL MIRROR To encourage people to keep track of their vital signs on a daily basis, a medical mirror was designed to provide a natural interface. We utilized an LCD monitor with a built-in webcam to provide an interactive display .A two-way mirror was fitted onto the frame to present a reflective surface for the s in normal lighting conditions. This design means the LCD monitor and webcam are not visible to the . However, the is visible to the webcam and the LCD monitor can be used to project information onto the reflective surface of the mirror. The monitor and webcam are connected to a laptop running the analysis software in real-time.

INTERACTION A single will be able to interact with the mirror at a time. When looking into the mirror, the will see a box appear around his/her face and a timer will be displayed on the top corner of the box. s will be asked to stay relatively as the timer counts down. After 15 s, the ’s heart rate will be displayed on the mirror, allowing simultaneous visualization of his/her physical appearance and physiological state. The heart rate measurement will be updated continuously until the looks away.

WORKING OF THIS TECHNOLOGY By combining techniques in computer vision and advanced signal processing, a person’s heart rate can be computed from the optical signal reflected off the face with an error of less than three beats per minute. An overview of the general steps in our approach to measuring a ’s heart beat is as follows:First, an automated face tracker detects the largest face within the video feed from the webcam and localizes the measurement region of interest (ROI) for each video frame. The ROI is then separated into the three RGB channels and spatially averaged over all pixels to yield a red, blue and green measurement point for each frame and form the raw RGB signals. Next, the raw RGB signals are decomposed into three independent components using independent component analysis. The power spectrum of the component containing the strongest blood volume pulse signal is then computed. Finally, the ’s heart rate is quantified as the frequency that corresponds to the highest power of the spectrum within an operational frequency band (45-240 bpm).

ADVANTAGES • The Medical Mirror fits seamlessly into the ambient home environment. • People can play a more active role in the management of their health, as they have complete access to their heart rate. • This interface is intended to provide a convenient means for people to track their daily health with minimal effort. • This interface is intended to provide a convenient means for people to track their daily health with minimal effort.

CONCLUSIONS This project illustrates an innovative approach to pervasive health monitoring based on state of the art technology. The Medical Mirror fits seamlessly into the ambient home environment, blending the data collection process into the course of our daily routines. For example, one can envision collecting health data when using the mirror for shaving, brushing teeth etc. This interface is intended to provide a convenient means for people to track their daily health with minimal effort.

FUTURE SCOPES • Creating a real-time, multi parameter physiological measurement platform based on this technology will be the subject of future work. • In the Future, Even the Bathroom Mirror Will Be a Computer.

REFERENCES  http://affect.media.mit.edu  http://www.popsci.com  https://idoc-pub.sitiosdesbloqueados.org/publication