Modified Plant Organs 586d5f

Ellaine Kate A. Roquen BSMT 1B

Embryo

Leaf venation Flowers

Root Pattern Secondary growth Stem and vascular system Pollen Presence or absence of wood # of seed leaves Examples

January 12, 2016

Dicot As the name suggests, the dicot embryo has two cotyledons. Leaf veins are reticulated (branched). Petals in multiples of four or five. May bear fruit ( if tree). Taproot system Often present

Monocot Monocotyledons have one cotyledon in the embryo.

Bundles of vascular tissue arranged in a ring. The vascular system is divided into a cortex and stele. Pollen with three furrows or pores. Both herbaceous and woody

Bundles of vascular tissue scattered throughout the stem with no particular arrangement, and has no cortex.

2 seed leaves

1 seed leaf

Legumes (pea, beans, lentils, peanuts) daisies, mint, lettuce, tomato and oak are examples of dicots.

Grains, (wheat, corn, rice, millet) lilies, daffodils, sugarcane, banana, palm, ginger, onions, bamboo, sugar, cone, palm tree, banana tree, and grass are examples of plants that are monocots.

MODIFIED PLANT ORGANS Modified Shoots

Leaf veins are parallel. Petals in multiples of three.

Fibrous roots Absent

Pollen with a single furrow or pore. Herbaceous

Ellaine Kate A. Roquen BSMT 1B

Bulbs:

is any plant that stores its complete life cycle in an underground storage structure. The primary function of these underground storage structures is to store nutrient reserves to ensure the plants' survival.

Thorns:

are modified branches with sharp, pointed appearance appendage coming off a plant for defensive purposes.

Tendrils:

is a slender stem- or petiole-like structure that is used by vines and lianas (climbing plants) to wrap around or to hook a . When a tendril comes into with a , there is faster growth for cells on the opposite side so that the tendril rapidly forms a coil around , and making a tendril look like a watch spring.

Modified Stems

Rhizomes:.

are networks of plant roots that live under the surface of the ground; they're also known as 'creeping rootstock.' Typically, rhizomes grow horizontally, rather than vertically, extending sideways from the main root of the plant. Rhizomes often give the plant a higher chance of surviving in tough environmental conditions. In many plants, even a single section of the rhizomes is enough for a new plant to grow

January 12, 2016

Ellaine Kate A. Roquen BSMT 1B

Tubers:

are tools that plants use to store their nutrients and energy. It is a modified plant structure that is enlarged and used as a storage container for nutrients that would be difficult to obtain during dry periods and the winter months.

Corms:

is a swollen stem base that is modified into a mass of storage tissue. A corm does not have visible storage rings when cut in half. It serves as a storage organ used by some plants to survive winter or other adverse conditions such as summer drought and heat

Stolons:

is a specialized type of horizontal above-ground shoot, a colonizing organ that arises from an axillary bud near the base of the plant. The stolon, connecting mother plant with each ramet, initially provides the pathway for a flow of nutrients and water to the new plantlet, or even some nutrients from the plantlet back to the mother plant.

Cladophylls

a leaflike flattened branch that resembles and functions as a leaf. It specializes in photosynthesis

January 12, 2016

Ellaine Kate A. Roquen BSMT 1B

Bulb:

A rounded, fleshy underground bud that consists of a short stem with flesh leaves.

Modified Leaves

Spine:

A modified leaf that is hard and pointed, and is found on any desert plants. It is a leaf for protection, such as a cactus spine.

Bract

: It is a modified leaf associated with a flower or inflorescence but not part of the flower itself.

Tendril:

A leaf or stem that is modified for holding on or attaching to objects

Bulb:

A rounded, fleshy underground bud that consists of a short stem with flesh leaves.

January 12, 2016

Ellaine Kate A. Roquen BSMT 1B

Modified Roots

Storage Roots

Tuberous roots system is a specialized root system with a fleshy and enlarged end and contains large quantities of starch and carbohydrates. It functions as food storage.

Adventitious Roots

Formation of adventitious root buds for reproduction or propagation

Pneumatophor For gas exchange and it absorbs water and minerals es from the surface of the tree and from the air.

January 12, 2016

Ellaine Kate A. Roquen BSMT 1B

Buttress Roots Big roots that look like they arise from the base of the tree trunk and it provides considerable stability

Prop and Stilt Roots

Grows from the lower part of a stem or trunk down to the ground. It provides for the plant

Epiphytic Roots

Aerial roots that cling to some kind of ad it grows on the external surface of the plant

Aerial Roots

Usually green in color and it functions for photosynthesis

January 12, 2016

Ellaine Kate A. Roquen BSMT 1B

January 12, 2016

PLANT REPRODUCTION Flower Peduncle: The stalk of a flower. Receptacle: The part of a flower stalk where the parts of the flower are attached. Sepal: The outer parts of the flower (often green and leaf-like) that enclose a developing bud. Petal: The parts of a flower that are often conspicuously colored. Stamen: The pollen producing part of a flower, usually with a slender filament ing the anther. Anther: The part of the stamen where pollen is produced. Pistil: The ovule producing part of a flower. The ovary often s a long style, topped by a stigma. The mature ovary is a fruit, and the mature ovule is a seed. Stigma: The part of the pistil where pollen germinates. Ovary: The enlarged basal portion of the pistil where ovules are produced.

Fruit

pericarp

endocarp mesocarp exocarp rind accessory tissue

the fruit wall (derived from the ovary of the pistil) which is composed of the exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp (the three layers are not always recognizable, ex. dry fruit) the innermost layer of the pericarp (often hard, stony or papery) the middle layer of the pericarp (often fleshy) the outermost layer of the pericarp (often like a skin or peel). (peach) tough, leathery covering on many fruits either composed of the exocarp (melon) or the exocarp and mesocarp (orange). fruit parts not directly derived from the ovary, for example, receptacle tissue of pomes (apple) and the husks of nuts (acorn, pecan).