Mp 8086 Lab Manual Trainer Kit 5z3v2v
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NANDHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE (Autonomous Institution)
Erode-638 052
LAB MANUAL CUM RECORD NOTE BOOK 13EC314 – MICROPROCESSOR AND INTERFACING LABORATORY III-Semester B.E (COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING)
PREPARED BY: S.KAVITHA – AP/CSE E.PA – AP/CSE
NANDHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE Erode-638 052 (AUTONOMOUS)
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE Number:
Certified that this is the Bonafide Record of work done by.……………………………………………….. of the Third Semester B.E COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING branch during the Academic Year
2014-2015 in the 13EC314 – MICROPROCESSOR AND INTERFACING LABORATORY.
Staff-in-charge
Head of the Department
Submitted for the End Semester Practical Examination Held on…………………………………………….
Internal Examiner
External Examiner
13EC314 – MICROPROCESSOR AND INTERFACING LABORATORY III – Semester B.E (COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING) SYLLABUS
1. Study Experiments i)
Study of 8086 Architecture ii) Study of 8255 – PPI
iii) Study of 8253 – PIT iv)Study of 8279 – PKI v)Study of 8259 – PIC 2. Write an ALP to find out factorial of a given hexadecimal number using 8086 MP Data: OAH, OFH, 1OH 3. Write an ALP to perform 16 bit arithmetic operations (ADD, SUB, MUL, and DIV) 4. Write an ALP to generate the sum of first ‘N’ natural numbers using 8086 MP 5. Write an ALP to convert given hexadecimal number to binary using 8086 MP Data: ABH, CDH, 101H 6. Write an ALP to convert given binary number to hexadecimal number using 8086MP Data: 101010102, 111111112, 11002, 11112(Represent as ASCII) 7. Write an ALP to order given set of hexadecimal numbers in ascending and descending order Data: 0AH, 0FH, 0DH, 10H, 02H 8. Write an ALP to move block of data from locations 1200H-1205H to 2200H – 2205H 9. Write an ALP to reverse the given string Data: WELCOME 10. Write an ALP to generate the following series 1+1/x+1/x 3+1/x5+ …….. 11. Write an ALP to generate square wave using 8255 PPI 12. Write an ALP to generate rate generator using 8253 PIT 13. Write an ALP to interface keyboard with 8086 using 8279 PKI 14. Write an ALP to display the given message using 8279 PKI Message: COMPUTER SCIENCES 15. Write an ALP to interface analog to digital converter
INDEX Ex. No.
1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
8.
DATE
NAME OF THE EXPERIMENTS Study Experiments i) Study of 8086 Architecture ii) Study of 8255 – PPI iii) Study of 8253 – PIT iv) Study of 8279 – PKI v) Study of 8259 – PIC Factorial of a given hexadecimal number using 8086 MP 16 bit arithmetic operations sum of first ‘N’ natural numbers using 8086 MP Conversion of given Hexadecimal number to binary using 8086 MP Conversion of given binary number to hexadecimal number using 8086MP Ordering given set of hexadecimal numbers in ascending and descending order Moving a block of data from locations 1200H-1205H to 2200H – 2205H
9.
Reversing the given string
10. 11.
Generating the following series 1+1/x+1/x 3+1/x5+ …….. Generating square wave using 8255 PPI
12.
Generate rate generator using 8253 PIT
13 14.
Interface keyboard with 8086 using 8279 PKI Interface analog to digital converter AVERAGE MARKS AWARDED
PAGE NO.
MARKS
SIGN
Ex.No.: STUDY EXPERIMENTS
DATE:
AIM: To Study the Architecture of 8086 , Study of 8255 – PPI, Study of 8253 – PIT, Study of 8279 – PKI and Study of 8259 – PIC. Introduction: Before getting into 8086 lets 1st define microprocessor. in simple words, a microporcessor is an electronic device which computes on the given input similar to U of a computer. it is made by fabricating millions(or billions) of transistors on a single chip. Intel 8086: The 8086 is a 16-bit microprocessor chip designed by Intel corporation in between early 1976 and mid-1978.pin configuration:- picture below shows the 8086 pin-assignments in min and max mode:
Features of 8086 :1. 8086 is a 40 pin IC. 2. It is a 16-bit processor. 3. its operating voltage is 5 volts. 4. its operating frequency is 5 MHz. 5. total memory addresing capacty is 1MB (external).
6. It has 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus. 7. it has fourteen 16-bit s. 8. higher throughput(speed). 9. It has around 20000 transistors in its circuitary and it is made in HMOS technology.
8255 PPI CHIP WORKING PRINCIPLE : After completing this experiment, you should know the different operation modes of an 8255 PPI chip and how to configure the chip to operate in a particular operation mode. You should also know how to use handshaking to transfer data in an interface.
Background
The 8255 PPI chip is a general purpose programmable I/O device which is designed for use with all Intel and most other microprocessors. The 8255 has 24 I/O pins divided into 3 groups of 8 pins each. The groups are denoted by port A, port B and port C respectively. Every one of the ports can be configured as either an input port or an output port.
The 8255 can be programmable in three different modes:
•
Mode 0: simple unidirectional input/output without handshaking
•
Mode 1: unidirectional input/output with handshaking via some pins of port C
•
Mode 2: bidirectional input/output with handshaking via some pins of port C
Handshaking is a common technique used to transfer data in an interface. A computer and a device usually operate at different system clock rates and hence the data transfer between their corresponding I/O interface may not be so reliable. For example, the device might not be fast enough to catch the data transmitted from the U. Handshaking provides a means to improve the reliability of a data transfer.
Method and details In this lab, you will study how to program an 8255 PPI chip to operate in different operation modes with an 8051 evaluation board and an 8255 evaluation board. Figure 1 shows the setup of the system. You are requested to modify some given 8051 program modules with a text editor in a
computer. The modified programs, when they are run in the 8051 evaluation board, should be able to program port A and port B of the 8255 in the 8255 evaluation board to operate in one of their operation modes. You can assemble and link your program modules with the provided crossassembler and linker to generate executable files. Executable files can then be loaded to the 8051 evaluation board via the printer port of the computer to program the on-board AT89S8252. The AT89S8252 is a low-power, high -performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 8K bytes of able Flash programmable and erasable read only memory and 2K bytes of EEPROM. The device is manufactured by Atmel and is compatible with the industry standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout.
printer
port
8051
8255 8051
Computer
evaluation
evaluation local bus
board
board
Figure 1. Setup of the system
After programming the AT89S8252, the AT89S8252 executes the loaded program to configure the 8255 and the ports of the 8255 should operate in the desired modes.
As there are 3 ports in 8255 and each one of them can be programmed as an input or output port, there are a number of possible configurations. In this lab, four configurations given in Table 1 will be studied.
configuration
Port A
Port B
Port C
1
Mode 0, input
Mode 0, output
Don’t care
2
Mode 1, input
Mode 0, output
Handshake for port A
3
Mode 0, input
Mode 1, output
Handshake for port B
4
Mode 1, input
Mode 1, output
Handshake for ports A and B
TABLE 1: CONFIGURATION OF 8255 STUDY OF 8253-PIT
The Intel 8253 is a programmable counter/timer chip designed for use as an Intel microcomputer peripheral.• It is packaged in a 24-pin plastic DIP.• Six programmable timer modes allow the 8253 to be used as an event counter, elapsed time indicator, programmable one-shot, and in many other applications e.g., to create different intervals. • It has 3 counters: Counters 0, 1, 2
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF 8253
•Each counter in the block diagram has 3 lines connected to it. Two of these lines,clock and gate, are inputs. The third, labeled OUT is an output. The function of these lines changes and depends on how the device is initialized or programmed.
INTERPRETATION OF THE TIMER CONTROL BYTE:
• Bits 7,6: Counter Selection (00 to 10) • Bits 5,4: Read/load mode for 2-byte count value: 00 -- latch count for reading 01 -- read/load high byte only 10 -- read/load low byte only 11 -- read/load low byte then high byte • Bits 3,2,1: Count mode selection (000 to 101) • Bit 0: 0/1- Count in binary/BCD.
MODES OF OPERATION OF 8253:
There are 6 modes of operation of 8253 . Differences in modes are: – “OUT” signal in different shapes like low-high or high- low, periodic or non-periodic – How to trigger/start the counter • Mode 0 and 1 are same in shape (non-periodic) • Mode 4 and 5 are same in shape (non-periodic) • Mode 2 and 3 are almost same in shape(periodic)
MODES OF OPERATION OF 8253:
• Mode 0: Set Output Bit when timer done. The output will start off zero. The count is loaded and the timer will start to count down. When the count has reached zero the output will be set high, and remain high until the next count has been reloaded.
• Mode 1: Programmable One-Shot. The output will go low following the rising edge of the gate input. The counter will count and the output will go high once the counter has reached zero.
• Mode 2: Rate Generator. The counter will continually count down, when the count reaches zero, the output will pulse low and the counter will be reloaded.
• Mode 3: Square Wave Generator. This mode is similar to Mode 2 except the output remains low for half of the timer period and high for the other half of the period.
• Mode 4: Software Triggered Pulse. The output will remain high untill the timer has counted to zero, at which point the output will pulse low and then go high again.
• Mode 5: Hardware Triggered Pulse. The counter will start counting once the gate input goes high, when the counter reaches zero the output will pulse low and then go high again. If 6 is loaded in the counter then it will start count down from 60. After reaching 0, change the OUT signal like from LoHi. • First 2 MSBs select the counter. Addresses for 3 counters in flight board’s 8253 are:
Activity Allowed Port Address
Counter 0
Read/Write
08H
Counter 1
Read/Write
0AH
Counter 2
Read/Write
0CH
Control Word
Write Only
0EH
8259 PIC The 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) is one of the most important chips making up the x86 architecture. Without it, the x86 architecture would not be an interrupt driven architecture. The function of the 8259A is to manage hardware interrupts and send them to the appropriate system interrupt. This allows the system to respond to devices needs without loss of time (from polling the device, for instance). It is important to note that APIC has replaced the 8259 PIC in more modern systems, especially those with multiple cores/processors. The 8259 PIC controls the U's interrupt mechanism, by accepting several interrupt requests and feeding them to the processor in order. For instance, when a keyboard s a keyhit, it sends a pulse along it's interrupt line (IRQ 1) to the
PIC chip, which then translates the IRQ into a system interrupt, and sends a message to interrupt the U from whatever it is doing. Part of the kernel's job is to either handle these IRQs and perform the necessary procedures (poll the keyboard for the scancode) or alert a space program to the interrupt (send a message to the keyboard driver). Without a PIC, you would have to poll all the devices in the system to see if they want to do anything (signal an event), but with a PIC, your system can run along nicely until such time that a device wants to signal an event, which means you don't waste time going to the devices, you let the devices come to you when they are ready.
VIVA QUESTION: 1.
What is micro processor?
2.
State different parts of 8086.
3.
State the modes 8255.
4.
What are modes of 8253?
5.
What is handshaking?
MARK ALLOCATION
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the 8086 Architecture, 8255 – PPI, 8253 – PIT, 8279 – PKI and 8259 – PIC has been studied.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM:
1.STUDY 8279 - PKI
Ex.No.:
FACTORIAL OF A GIVEN HEXA DECIMAL NUMBER
DATE:
AIM: To write an assembly language program to calculate factorial of a given numbers.
ALGORITHM: 1. Start the program. 2. Move immediately the number 0000H to AX . 3. Copy the contents of the memory 3000 to CX . 4. Move immediately the number 0001H to AX . 5. Multiply the content of the CX with the content of accumulator. 6. Decrement the content of CX once. 7. Jump to specified memory location if there is no zero in CX . 8. Copy the content to AX to two memories from 2000. 9. End
PROGRAM: PROGRAM MOV AX, 0001 MOV CX, [3000] MOV AX, 0001 Loop1 :MUL CX DEC CX
COMMENTS Move immediately the number 0001H to AX Copy the contents of memory 3000 to CX Move immediately the number 0000H to AX Multiply content of CX with content of accumulator Decrement content of CX once
MOV [2000], AX
Jump to specified memory location if there is no zero in CX Copy content to AX to memory 2000
HLT
Halt
JNZ loop1
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Mention the general purpose s in 8085 microprocessor.
2. What is the function of accumulator?
3. What is buffer?
4. What is Opcode?
5. What is Operand?
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for performing factorial of a given numbers is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to generate Fibonacci number using 8086 MP.
Ex.No.:
16 BIT ARITHMETIC OPERATION
DATE: AIM:
To write an assembly language program for doing arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division operation of two numbers. ALGORITHM: (i) 16-bit addition 1. Initialize the MSBs of sum to 0 2. Get the first number. 3. Add the second number to the first number. 4. If there is any carry, increment MSBs of sum by 1. 5. Store LSBs of sum. 6. Store MSBs of sum. (ii) 16-bit subtraction 1. Initialize the MSBs of difference to 0 2. Get the first number 3. Subtract the second number from the first number. 4. If there is any borrow, increment MSBs of difference by 1. 5. Store LSBs of difference 6. Store MSBs of difference. (iii) 16-bit addition multiplication 1. Get the multiplier. 2. Get the multiplicand 3. Initialize the product to 0. 4. Product = product + multiplicand 5. Decrement the multiplier by 1 6. If multiplicand is not equal to 0, repeat from step (d) otherwise store the product. (iv) 16-bit addition division 1. Get the dividend 2. Get the divisor 3. Initialize the quotient to 0. 4. Dividend = dividend –divisor 5. If the divisor is greater, store the quotient. Go to step g. 6. If dividend is greater, quotient = quotient + 1. Repeat from step (d) 7. Store the dividend value as remainder.
PROGRAM 1. Addition: PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV CX, 0000H
Initialize counter CX
MOV AX,[1200]
Get the first data in AX reg
MOV BX, [1202]
Get the second data in BX reg
ADD AX,BX
Add the contents of both the regs AX & BX
JNC L1
Check for carry
INC CX
If carry exists, increment the CX
L1 : MOV [1206],CX
Store the carry
MOV [1204], AX
Store the sum
HLT
Stop the program
2. Subtraction: PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV CX, 0000H
Initialize counter CX
MOV AX,[1200]
Get the first data in AX reg
MOV BX, [1202]
Get the second data in BX reg
SUB AX,BX
Subtract the contents of BX from AX
JNC L1
Check for borrow
INC CX
If borrow exists, increment the CX
L1 : MOV [1206],CX
Store the borrow
MOV [1204], AX
Store the difference
HLT
Stop the program
3. Multiplication: PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV AX,[1200]
Get the first data
MOV BX, [1202]
Get the second data
MUL BX
Multiply both
MOV [1206],AX
Store the lower order product
MOV AX,DX
Copy the higher order product to AX
MOV [1208],AX
Store the higher order product
HLT
Stop the program
4. Division: PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV AX,[1200]
Get the first data
MOV DX, [1202]
Get the second data
MOV BX, [1204]
Divide the dividend by divisor
DIV BX
Store the lower order product
MOV [1206],AX
Copy the higher order product to AX
MOV AX,DX
Store the higher order product
MOV [1208],AX
Stop the program
HLT
Get the first data
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION: 1. What are the operations can be performed by logical operators?
2. Compare subtract and compare instructions.
3. What is the data and address size in 8086?
4. What is the difference between instructions DIV & IDIV?.
5. What is immediate addressing?
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for 16 bit arithmetic operation is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to search a numbers in a sequence using 8086 MP
Ex.No.:
SUM OF ‘N’ NATURAL NUMBERS
DATE:
AIM: To write an assembly language program for performing the sum of ‘N’ natural numbers.
ALGORITHM:
1. Get ‘N’ natural numbers as input. 2. Initialize the contents. 3. Increment & decrement the count. 4. Set memory address for destination. 5. Move content values to destination location as total sum. 6. Store the total sum.
PROGRAM: PROGRAM MOV SI, 2000 MOV CL, [SI] MOV AL, 00 MOV BL, 01 LOOP:ADD AL, BL INC BL DEC CL JNZ LOOP MOV DI, 2002 MOV [DI], AX HLT
COMMENTS Set source index as 2000 Move content of address pointed by source index to CL Clear AL to store sum Move '1' to BL , as it’s the first number Add content of BL to AL increment BL Decrement the count Jump if not zero to Loop Set Destination index as memory address 2002 Move content of A to destination, which is the total sum Stop the program
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION: 1. What are the modes in which 8086 can operate?
2. List the instructions of 8086 that affects only carry flag.
3. What is the difference between jump and call instructions?
4. List the I/O instructions of 8086.
5. What is implied addressing?
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for performing the sum of ‘N’ natural numbers is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to search a string using 8086 MP
Ex.No.:
CONVERSION OF HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY
DATE:
AIM: To write an assembly language program to convert hexadecimal to binary.
ALGORITHM:
1. Load AL with the input data. 2. Check If (AL<=9) then add 30 with AL . 3. Else add 7 with AL . 4. Result stored into AL
PROGRAM:
PROGRAM
COMMENT
MOV AL,0A CMP AL,09 JZ 110A
LOAD AL WITH THE DATA 10 IF DATA LESS THAN 9 ADD 30 TO THE DATA IF COUNT IS ZERO THEN GO TO 110A
JB 110A
IF 1 OPERAND IS BELOW THAN 2 OPERAND THEN SHORT JUMP INTO 110A ELSE ADD AL WITH 07 ADD 30 WITH AL STOP THE PROGRAM
st
ADD AL,07 ADD AL,30 HLT
nd
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION: 1. What is meant by interrupt?
2. What is the use of ready pin?
3. State the machine control instructions.
4. What are the flags in 8086?
5. What relative addressing?
MARK ALLOCATION
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for conversion of hexadecimal to binary (ASCII value) is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to find and replace a string using 8086 MP.
Ex.No.:
CONVERSION OF BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL
DATE:
AIM: To write an assembly language program to convert binary to hexadecimal.
ALGORITHM: 1. Load the input data in AL . 2. Subtract 30 from AL value. 3. If data is less than or equal to 16 terminate the program. 4. Else subtract 7 from AL value. 5. Result stored in AL
PROGRAM: PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV AL,31
Get data 31 into AL
SUB AL,30
Subtract 30 with the AL
CMP AL,10
If data is less than or equal to 16 go to 110C
JB 110C
If 1st operand is below the 2nd operand then short jump into 110C
JZ 110C
If count zero then jump into to 110C
SUB AL,07
Else subtract 7 from AL value
HLT
Break point
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION: 1. What is addressing?
2. What is Program counter?
3. What is meant by Maskable interrupts?
4. What is Logical Address?
5. What are Mnemonics? Give example.
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for conversion of binary (Represented in ASCII value) to hexadecimal is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to generate the largest and smallest number using 8086 MP.
Ex.No.:
ASCENDING AND DESCENDING ORDER
DATE:
AIM: To write an Assembly Language Program to sort a given array in ascending and descending order. ALGORITHM: (i) Sorting in ascending order: 1. Load the array count in two s C1 and C2. 2. Get the first two numbers. 3. Compare the numbers and exchange if necessary so that the two numbers are in ascending order. 4. Decrement C2. 5. Get the third number from the array and repeat the process until C2 is 0. 6. Decrement C1 and repeat the process until C1 is 0. (ii) Sorting in descending order: 1. Load the array count in two s C1 and C2. 2. Get the first two numbers. 3. Compare the numbers and exchange if necessary so that the two numbers are in
descending order. 4. Decrement C2. 5. Get the third number from the array and repeat the process until C2 is 0. 6. Decrement C1 and repeat the process until C1 is 0.
PROGRAM: 1. ASCENDING PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV SI,1200H
Initialize memory location for array size
MOV CL,[SI]
Number of comparisons in CL
L4 : MOV SI,1200H
Initialize memory location for array size
MOV DL,[SI]
Get the count in DL
INC SI
Go to next memory location
MOV AL,[SI]
Get the first data in AL
L3 : INC SI
Go to next memory location
MOV BL,[SI]
Get the second data in BL
CMP AL,BL
Compare two data’s
JNB L1
If AL < BL go to L1
DEC SI
Else, Decrement the memory location
MOV [SI],AL
Store the smallest data
MOV AL,BL
Get the next data AL
JMP L2
Jump to L2
L1 : DEC SI
Decrement the memory location
MOV [SI],BL
Store the greatest data in memory location
L2 : INC SI
Go to next memory location
DEC DL
Decrement the count
JNZ L3
Jump to L3, if the count is not reached zero
MOV [SI],AL
Store data in memory location
DEC CL
Decrement the count
JNZ L4
Jump to L4, if the count is not reached zero
HLT
Stop
2. DESCENDING PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV SI,1200H
Initialize memory location for array size
MOV CL,[SI]
Number of comparisons in CL
L4 : MOV SI,1200H
Initialize memory location for array size
MOV DL,[SI]
Get the count in DL
INC SI
Go to next memory location
MOV AL,[SI]
Get the first data in AL
L3 : INC SI
Go to next memory location
MOV BL,[SI]
Get the second data in BL
CMP AL,BL
Compare two data’s
JB L1
If AL > BL go to L1
DEC SI
Else, Decrement the memory location
MOV [SI],AL
Store the largest data
MOV AL,BL
Get the next data AL
JMP L2
Jump to L2
L1 : DEC SI
Decrement the memory location
MOV [SI],BL
Store the smallest data in memory location
L2 : INC SI
Go to next memory location
DEC DL
Decrement the count
JNZ L3
Jump to L3, if the count is not reached zero
MOV [SI],AL
Store data in memory location
DEC CL
Decrement the count
JNZ L4
Jump to L4, if the count is not reached zero
HLT
Stop
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION:
1. From which address the 8086 starts execution after reset?
2. What are the modes in which 8086 can operate?
3. What is the data and address size in 8086?
4. What is purpose served by CX ?
5. Which are pointers present in this 8086
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for sorting a given array in ascending and descending order is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to separate odd and even numbers using 8086 MP
Ex.No.:
MOVING DATA FROM SOURCE LOCATION TO DESTINATION
DATE:
LOACTION
AIM: To write an Assembly Language Program to moving data from source location to destination location (1200H-1205H to 2200H – 2205H).
ALGORITHM: 1. Move the count value in the source index . 2. Move the count value to CL . 3. Increment source index . 4. Move the contents of source index to AL. 5. Move the contents of AL to destination index. 6. Increment the destination index. 7. Increment the source index. 8. Decrement the contents of CL 9. If no zero jump to the loop. 10. Stop the program.
PROGRAM: PROGRAM LEA SI,[2000]
COMMENTS Move the count value in the source index .
LEA DI,[2200]
Move the count value to CL .
MOV CL,[CL] INC SI
Move contents Increment source index .
L1:MOV AL,[SI]
Move the contents of source index to AL.
MOV [DI],AL
Move the contents of AL to destination index.
INC DI
Increment the destination index.
INC SI
Increment the source index.
DEC CL
Decrement the contents of CL
JNZ L1
If no zero jump to the loop.
HLT
Stop
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION: 1. What are data copy/transfer instructions?
2. Define index .
3. Differentiate near and far jump.
4. Define software interrupt.
5. What us the purpose of RET instructions?
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for moving data from source location to destination location is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to convert BCD to hexadecimal using 8086 MP.
Ex.No.:
REVERSING THE STRING
DATE:
AIM: To write an Assembly Language Program for reversing the given string.
ALGORITHM: 1. AX is initialized with data & AX is moved into DS 2. Initialize CX to 5 3. Load the effective address in SI & DI. Add SI with 04 4. Move SI to AL 5. Decrement SI & Increment DI. Repeat this until an interrupt is raised 6. Stop the Process.
PROGRAM: PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV SI,2000
Move value of address 2000 to source index
MOV DI,2008
Move value of address 2008 to destination index Move 0008 to CX ADD SI AND 07
MOV CX,0008 ADD SI,07 UP:MOV AL,[SI] MOV [DI],AL DEC SI INC DI DEC CX JNZ UP END
Move value of SI to AL Move AL to the destination address Decrement SI Increment DI Decrement CX Jump Stop the Process
OUTPUT
VIVA QUESTION: 1. Differentiate “shift” and “rotate”?
2. List the string manipulation commands.
3. What is the use of direction flag?
4. Difference between Microprocessor & Microcontroller
5. What is the maximum memory addressing and I/O addresing capabilities of 8086?
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for reversing the string is executed and verified
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to find square root of a given numbers using 8086 MP.
Ex.No.:
GENERATING THE SERIES
DATE:
AIM: To write an Assembly Language Program for generating the series. . ALGORITHM:
PROGRAM:
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION:
1. What is the purpose of BIU?
2. What is the purpose of EU?
3. What is the purpose of segment ?
4. What are the segments s in 8086?
5. What is the function of IP?
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for generating the series is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to convert BCD to decimal numbers using 8086 MP.
Ex.No.:
GENERATING SQUARE WAVE USING 8255 PPI
DATE: AIM:
To write an Assembly Language Program for generating square wave using 8255 PPI.
ALGORITHM: 1. Initialize channel 0 in mode 3 2. Initialize the LSB of the count. 3. Initialize the MSB of the count. 4. Trigger the count 5. Read the corresponding output in CRO.
PROGRAM:
MODES 3 – SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR:
PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV AL, 36H
Store the control word in accumulator
OUT 0BH
Send through output port
MOV AL, 0AH
Copy lower order count value in accumulator
OUT 08H
Send through output port
MOV AL, 00H
Copy higher order count value in accumulator
OUT 08H
Send through output port
HLT
Stop
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION:
1. Write any two processor control instructions.
2.
Mention any four initialization list in the 8086 program.
3.
What are the assembly language program development tools?
4. What is an assembler directive?
5. Define SEGEMNT and ENDS.
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for generating the square wave is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to generate sine wave using 8086 MP.
Ex.No.:
GENERATING RATE GENERATOR USING 8253 PIT
DATE:
AIM: To write an assembly language program for generating rate generator using 8253 PIT.
ALGORITHM 1. Initialize channel 0 in mode 2 2. Initialize the LSB of the count. 3. Initialize the MSB of the count. 4. Trigger the count 5. Read the corresponding output in CRO.
PROGRAM: MODE 2 – RATE GENERATOR:
PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV AL, 34H
Store the control word in accumulator
OUT 0BH
Send through output port
MOV AL, 0AH
Copy lower order count value in accumulator
OUT 08H
Send through output port
MOV AL, 00H
Copy higher order count value in accumulator
OUT 08H
Send through output port
HLT
Stop
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION: 1. What is minimum mode?
2. What is maximum mode?
3. What is machine cycle?
4. What is instructions cycle?
5. What are the minimum mode signals
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for generating the rate generator is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to generate triangular wave using 8086 MP.
Ex.No.:
INTERFACE KEYBOARD WITH 8086 USING 8279 PKI
DATE: AIM:
To write an assembly language program for interfacing keyboard with 8086 using 8279 PKI.
ALGORITHM: 1. Initialize the counter 2. Set 8279 for 8 digit character display, right entry 3. Set 8279 for clearing the display 4. Write the command to display 5. Load the character into accumulator and display it 6. Introduce the delay 7. Repeat from step 1
PROGRAM: PROGRAM
COMMENTS
START : MOV SI,1200H
Initialize array
MOV CX,000FH
Initialize array size
MOV AL,10
Store the control word for display mode
OUT C2,AL
Send through output port
MOV AL,CC
Store the control word to clear display
OUT C2,AL
Send through output port
MOV AL,90
Store the control word to write display
OUT C2,AL
Send through output port
L1 : MOV AL,[SI]
Get the first data
OUT C0,AL
Send through output port
CALL DELAY
Give delay
INC SI
Go & get next data
LOOP L1
Loop until all the data’s have been taken
JMP START
Go to starting location
DELAY : MOV DX,0A0FFH
Store 16bit count value
LOOP1 : DEC DX
Decrement count value
JNZ LOOP1
Loop until count values becomes zero
RET
Return to main program
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION: 1. List the functions performed by 8279.
2. What are the different types of ADC?
3. What is baud rate?
4. What are the different scan modes of 8259?
5. What is scanning in keyboard?
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for interface keyboard with 8086 using 8279 PKI is executed and verified
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to display “HELP US” using 8086 MP.
Ex.No.:
INTERFACE ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER
DATE:
AIM: To write an assembly language program for interfacing analog to digital converter. ALGORITHM: 1. Select the channel and latch the address. 2. Send the start conversion pulse. 3. Read EOC signal. 4. If EOC = 1 continue else go to step (iii) 5. Read the digital output. 6. Store it in a memory location
PROGRAM: PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV AL,00
LOAD ACCUMULATOR WITH VALUE FOR ALE HIGH
OUT 0C8H,AL
SEND THROUGH OUTPUT PORT
MOV AL,08
LOAD ACCUMULATOR WITH VALUE FOR ALE LOW
OUT 0C8H,AL
SEND THROUGH OUTPUT PORT
MOV AL,01
STORE THE VALUE TO MAKE SOC HIGH IN THE ACCUMULATOR
OUT 0D0H,AL
SEND THROUGH OUTPUT PORT
MOV AL,00 MOV AL,00
INTRODUCE DELAY
MOV AL,00 MOV AL,00
STORE THE VALUE TO MAKE SOC LOW THE ACCUMULATOR
OUT 0D0H,AL
SEND THROUGH OUTPUT PORT
L1 : IN AL, 0D8H
AND AL,01 CMP AL,01 JNZ L1
READ THE EOC SIGNAL FROM PORT & CHECK FOR END OF CONVERSION IF THE CONVERSION IS NOT YET COMPLETED, READ EOC SIGNAL FROM PORT AGAIN
IN AL,0C0H
READ DATA FROM PORT
MOV BX,1100
INITIALIZE THE MEMORY LOCATION TO STORE DATA
MOV [BX],AL
STORE THE DATA
HLT
STOP
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is port?
2. Give some port devices used in 8086.
3. State some features of 8259.
4. What is exception?
5. State Intel predefined interrupt.
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for interfacing analog to digital converter is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP by interfacing 8255 with 8086 in mode 0, mode 1.
Erode-638 052
LAB MANUAL CUM RECORD NOTE BOOK 13EC314 – MICROPROCESSOR AND INTERFACING LABORATORY III-Semester B.E (COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING)
PREPARED BY: S.KAVITHA – AP/CSE E.PA – AP/CSE
NANDHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE Erode-638 052 (AUTONOMOUS)
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE Number:
Certified that this is the Bonafide Record of work done by.……………………………………………….. of the Third Semester B.E COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING branch during the Academic Year
2014-2015 in the 13EC314 – MICROPROCESSOR AND INTERFACING LABORATORY.
Staff-in-charge
Head of the Department
Submitted for the End Semester Practical Examination Held on…………………………………………….
Internal Examiner
External Examiner
13EC314 – MICROPROCESSOR AND INTERFACING LABORATORY III – Semester B.E (COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING) SYLLABUS
1. Study Experiments i)
Study of 8086 Architecture ii) Study of 8255 – PPI
iii) Study of 8253 – PIT iv)Study of 8279 – PKI v)Study of 8259 – PIC 2. Write an ALP to find out factorial of a given hexadecimal number using 8086 MP Data: OAH, OFH, 1OH 3. Write an ALP to perform 16 bit arithmetic operations (ADD, SUB, MUL, and DIV) 4. Write an ALP to generate the sum of first ‘N’ natural numbers using 8086 MP 5. Write an ALP to convert given hexadecimal number to binary using 8086 MP Data: ABH, CDH, 101H 6. Write an ALP to convert given binary number to hexadecimal number using 8086MP Data: 101010102, 111111112, 11002, 11112(Represent as ASCII) 7. Write an ALP to order given set of hexadecimal numbers in ascending and descending order Data: 0AH, 0FH, 0DH, 10H, 02H 8. Write an ALP to move block of data from locations 1200H-1205H to 2200H – 2205H 9. Write an ALP to reverse the given string Data: WELCOME 10. Write an ALP to generate the following series 1+1/x+1/x 3+1/x5+ …….. 11. Write an ALP to generate square wave using 8255 PPI 12. Write an ALP to generate rate generator using 8253 PIT 13. Write an ALP to interface keyboard with 8086 using 8279 PKI 14. Write an ALP to display the given message using 8279 PKI Message: COMPUTER SCIENCES 15. Write an ALP to interface analog to digital converter
INDEX Ex. No.
1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
8.
DATE
NAME OF THE EXPERIMENTS Study Experiments i) Study of 8086 Architecture ii) Study of 8255 – PPI iii) Study of 8253 – PIT iv) Study of 8279 – PKI v) Study of 8259 – PIC Factorial of a given hexadecimal number using 8086 MP 16 bit arithmetic operations sum of first ‘N’ natural numbers using 8086 MP Conversion of given Hexadecimal number to binary using 8086 MP Conversion of given binary number to hexadecimal number using 8086MP Ordering given set of hexadecimal numbers in ascending and descending order Moving a block of data from locations 1200H-1205H to 2200H – 2205H
9.
Reversing the given string
10. 11.
Generating the following series 1+1/x+1/x 3+1/x5+ …….. Generating square wave using 8255 PPI
12.
Generate rate generator using 8253 PIT
13 14.
Interface keyboard with 8086 using 8279 PKI Interface analog to digital converter AVERAGE MARKS AWARDED
PAGE NO.
MARKS
SIGN
Ex.No.: STUDY EXPERIMENTS
DATE:
AIM: To Study the Architecture of 8086 , Study of 8255 – PPI, Study of 8253 – PIT, Study of 8279 – PKI and Study of 8259 – PIC. Introduction: Before getting into 8086 lets 1st define microprocessor. in simple words, a microporcessor is an electronic device which computes on the given input similar to U of a computer. it is made by fabricating millions(or billions) of transistors on a single chip. Intel 8086: The 8086 is a 16-bit microprocessor chip designed by Intel corporation in between early 1976 and mid-1978.pin configuration:- picture below shows the 8086 pin-assignments in min and max mode:
Features of 8086 :1. 8086 is a 40 pin IC. 2. It is a 16-bit processor. 3. its operating voltage is 5 volts. 4. its operating frequency is 5 MHz. 5. total memory addresing capacty is 1MB (external).
6. It has 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus. 7. it has fourteen 16-bit s. 8. higher throughput(speed). 9. It has around 20000 transistors in its circuitary and it is made in HMOS technology.
8255 PPI CHIP WORKING PRINCIPLE : After completing this experiment, you should know the different operation modes of an 8255 PPI chip and how to configure the chip to operate in a particular operation mode. You should also know how to use handshaking to transfer data in an interface.
Background
The 8255 PPI chip is a general purpose programmable I/O device which is designed for use with all Intel and most other microprocessors. The 8255 has 24 I/O pins divided into 3 groups of 8 pins each. The groups are denoted by port A, port B and port C respectively. Every one of the ports can be configured as either an input port or an output port.
The 8255 can be programmable in three different modes:
•
Mode 0: simple unidirectional input/output without handshaking
•
Mode 1: unidirectional input/output with handshaking via some pins of port C
•
Mode 2: bidirectional input/output with handshaking via some pins of port C
Handshaking is a common technique used to transfer data in an interface. A computer and a device usually operate at different system clock rates and hence the data transfer between their corresponding I/O interface may not be so reliable. For example, the device might not be fast enough to catch the data transmitted from the U. Handshaking provides a means to improve the reliability of a data transfer.
Method and details In this lab, you will study how to program an 8255 PPI chip to operate in different operation modes with an 8051 evaluation board and an 8255 evaluation board. Figure 1 shows the setup of the system. You are requested to modify some given 8051 program modules with a text editor in a
computer. The modified programs, when they are run in the 8051 evaluation board, should be able to program port A and port B of the 8255 in the 8255 evaluation board to operate in one of their operation modes. You can assemble and link your program modules with the provided crossassembler and linker to generate executable files. Executable files can then be loaded to the 8051 evaluation board via the printer port of the computer to program the on-board AT89S8252. The AT89S8252 is a low-power, high -performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 8K bytes of able Flash programmable and erasable read only memory and 2K bytes of EEPROM. The device is manufactured by Atmel and is compatible with the industry standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout.
printer
port
8051
8255 8051
Computer
evaluation
evaluation local bus
board
board
Figure 1. Setup of the system
After programming the AT89S8252, the AT89S8252 executes the loaded program to configure the 8255 and the ports of the 8255 should operate in the desired modes.
As there are 3 ports in 8255 and each one of them can be programmed as an input or output port, there are a number of possible configurations. In this lab, four configurations given in Table 1 will be studied.
configuration
Port A
Port B
Port C
1
Mode 0, input
Mode 0, output
Don’t care
2
Mode 1, input
Mode 0, output
Handshake for port A
3
Mode 0, input
Mode 1, output
Handshake for port B
4
Mode 1, input
Mode 1, output
Handshake for ports A and B
TABLE 1: CONFIGURATION OF 8255 STUDY OF 8253-PIT
The Intel 8253 is a programmable counter/timer chip designed for use as an Intel microcomputer peripheral.• It is packaged in a 24-pin plastic DIP.• Six programmable timer modes allow the 8253 to be used as an event counter, elapsed time indicator, programmable one-shot, and in many other applications e.g., to create different intervals. • It has 3 counters: Counters 0, 1, 2
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF 8253
•Each counter in the block diagram has 3 lines connected to it. Two of these lines,clock and gate, are inputs. The third, labeled OUT is an output. The function of these lines changes and depends on how the device is initialized or programmed.
INTERPRETATION OF THE TIMER CONTROL BYTE:
• Bits 7,6: Counter Selection (00 to 10) • Bits 5,4: Read/load mode for 2-byte count value: 00 -- latch count for reading 01 -- read/load high byte only 10 -- read/load low byte only 11 -- read/load low byte then high byte • Bits 3,2,1: Count mode selection (000 to 101) • Bit 0: 0/1- Count in binary/BCD.
MODES OF OPERATION OF 8253:
There are 6 modes of operation of 8253 . Differences in modes are: – “OUT” signal in different shapes like low-high or high- low, periodic or non-periodic – How to trigger/start the counter • Mode 0 and 1 are same in shape (non-periodic) • Mode 4 and 5 are same in shape (non-periodic) • Mode 2 and 3 are almost same in shape(periodic)
MODES OF OPERATION OF 8253:
• Mode 0: Set Output Bit when timer done. The output will start off zero. The count is loaded and the timer will start to count down. When the count has reached zero the output will be set high, and remain high until the next count has been reloaded.
• Mode 1: Programmable One-Shot. The output will go low following the rising edge of the gate input. The counter will count and the output will go high once the counter has reached zero.
• Mode 2: Rate Generator. The counter will continually count down, when the count reaches zero, the output will pulse low and the counter will be reloaded.
• Mode 3: Square Wave Generator. This mode is similar to Mode 2 except the output remains low for half of the timer period and high for the other half of the period.
• Mode 4: Software Triggered Pulse. The output will remain high untill the timer has counted to zero, at which point the output will pulse low and then go high again.
• Mode 5: Hardware Triggered Pulse. The counter will start counting once the gate input goes high, when the counter reaches zero the output will pulse low and then go high again. If 6 is loaded in the counter then it will start count down from 60. After reaching 0, change the OUT signal like from LoHi. • First 2 MSBs select the counter. Addresses for 3 counters in flight board’s 8253 are:
Activity Allowed Port Address
Counter 0
Read/Write
08H
Counter 1
Read/Write
0AH
Counter 2
Read/Write
0CH
Control Word
Write Only
0EH
8259 PIC The 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) is one of the most important chips making up the x86 architecture. Without it, the x86 architecture would not be an interrupt driven architecture. The function of the 8259A is to manage hardware interrupts and send them to the appropriate system interrupt. This allows the system to respond to devices needs without loss of time (from polling the device, for instance). It is important to note that APIC has replaced the 8259 PIC in more modern systems, especially those with multiple cores/processors. The 8259 PIC controls the U's interrupt mechanism, by accepting several interrupt requests and feeding them to the processor in order. For instance, when a keyboard s a keyhit, it sends a pulse along it's interrupt line (IRQ 1) to the
PIC chip, which then translates the IRQ into a system interrupt, and sends a message to interrupt the U from whatever it is doing. Part of the kernel's job is to either handle these IRQs and perform the necessary procedures (poll the keyboard for the scancode) or alert a space program to the interrupt (send a message to the keyboard driver). Without a PIC, you would have to poll all the devices in the system to see if they want to do anything (signal an event), but with a PIC, your system can run along nicely until such time that a device wants to signal an event, which means you don't waste time going to the devices, you let the devices come to you when they are ready.
VIVA QUESTION: 1.
What is micro processor?
2.
State different parts of 8086.
3.
State the modes 8255.
4.
What are modes of 8253?
5.
What is handshaking?
MARK ALLOCATION
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the 8086 Architecture, 8255 – PPI, 8253 – PIT, 8279 – PKI and 8259 – PIC has been studied.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM:
1.STUDY 8279 - PKI
Ex.No.:
FACTORIAL OF A GIVEN HEXA DECIMAL NUMBER
DATE:
AIM: To write an assembly language program to calculate factorial of a given numbers.
ALGORITHM: 1. Start the program. 2. Move immediately the number 0000H to AX . 3. Copy the contents of the memory 3000 to CX . 4. Move immediately the number 0001H to AX . 5. Multiply the content of the CX with the content of accumulator. 6. Decrement the content of CX once. 7. Jump to specified memory location if there is no zero in CX . 8. Copy the content to AX to two memories from 2000. 9. End
PROGRAM: PROGRAM MOV AX, 0001 MOV CX, [3000] MOV AX, 0001 Loop1 :MUL CX DEC CX
COMMENTS Move immediately the number 0001H to AX Copy the contents of memory 3000 to CX Move immediately the number 0000H to AX Multiply content of CX with content of accumulator Decrement content of CX once
MOV [2000], AX
Jump to specified memory location if there is no zero in CX Copy content to AX to memory 2000
HLT
Halt
JNZ loop1
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Mention the general purpose s in 8085 microprocessor.
2. What is the function of accumulator?
3. What is buffer?
4. What is Opcode?
5. What is Operand?
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for performing factorial of a given numbers is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to generate Fibonacci number using 8086 MP.
Ex.No.:
16 BIT ARITHMETIC OPERATION
DATE: AIM:
To write an assembly language program for doing arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division operation of two numbers. ALGORITHM: (i) 16-bit addition 1. Initialize the MSBs of sum to 0 2. Get the first number. 3. Add the second number to the first number. 4. If there is any carry, increment MSBs of sum by 1. 5. Store LSBs of sum. 6. Store MSBs of sum. (ii) 16-bit subtraction 1. Initialize the MSBs of difference to 0 2. Get the first number 3. Subtract the second number from the first number. 4. If there is any borrow, increment MSBs of difference by 1. 5. Store LSBs of difference 6. Store MSBs of difference. (iii) 16-bit addition multiplication 1. Get the multiplier. 2. Get the multiplicand 3. Initialize the product to 0. 4. Product = product + multiplicand 5. Decrement the multiplier by 1 6. If multiplicand is not equal to 0, repeat from step (d) otherwise store the product. (iv) 16-bit addition division 1. Get the dividend 2. Get the divisor 3. Initialize the quotient to 0. 4. Dividend = dividend –divisor 5. If the divisor is greater, store the quotient. Go to step g. 6. If dividend is greater, quotient = quotient + 1. Repeat from step (d) 7. Store the dividend value as remainder.
PROGRAM 1. Addition: PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV CX, 0000H
Initialize counter CX
MOV AX,[1200]
Get the first data in AX reg
MOV BX, [1202]
Get the second data in BX reg
ADD AX,BX
Add the contents of both the regs AX & BX
JNC L1
Check for carry
INC CX
If carry exists, increment the CX
L1 : MOV [1206],CX
Store the carry
MOV [1204], AX
Store the sum
HLT
Stop the program
2. Subtraction: PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV CX, 0000H
Initialize counter CX
MOV AX,[1200]
Get the first data in AX reg
MOV BX, [1202]
Get the second data in BX reg
SUB AX,BX
Subtract the contents of BX from AX
JNC L1
Check for borrow
INC CX
If borrow exists, increment the CX
L1 : MOV [1206],CX
Store the borrow
MOV [1204], AX
Store the difference
HLT
Stop the program
3. Multiplication: PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV AX,[1200]
Get the first data
MOV BX, [1202]
Get the second data
MUL BX
Multiply both
MOV [1206],AX
Store the lower order product
MOV AX,DX
Copy the higher order product to AX
MOV [1208],AX
Store the higher order product
HLT
Stop the program
4. Division: PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV AX,[1200]
Get the first data
MOV DX, [1202]
Get the second data
MOV BX, [1204]
Divide the dividend by divisor
DIV BX
Store the lower order product
MOV [1206],AX
Copy the higher order product to AX
MOV AX,DX
Store the higher order product
MOV [1208],AX
Stop the program
HLT
Get the first data
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION: 1. What are the operations can be performed by logical operators?
2. Compare subtract and compare instructions.
3. What is the data and address size in 8086?
4. What is the difference between instructions DIV & IDIV?.
5. What is immediate addressing?
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for 16 bit arithmetic operation is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to search a numbers in a sequence using 8086 MP
Ex.No.:
SUM OF ‘N’ NATURAL NUMBERS
DATE:
AIM: To write an assembly language program for performing the sum of ‘N’ natural numbers.
ALGORITHM:
1. Get ‘N’ natural numbers as input. 2. Initialize the contents. 3. Increment & decrement the count. 4. Set memory address for destination. 5. Move content values to destination location as total sum. 6. Store the total sum.
PROGRAM: PROGRAM MOV SI, 2000 MOV CL, [SI] MOV AL, 00 MOV BL, 01 LOOP:ADD AL, BL INC BL DEC CL JNZ LOOP MOV DI, 2002 MOV [DI], AX HLT
COMMENTS Set source index as 2000 Move content of address pointed by source index to CL Clear AL to store sum Move '1' to BL , as it’s the first number Add content of BL to AL increment BL Decrement the count Jump if not zero to Loop Set Destination index as memory address 2002 Move content of A to destination, which is the total sum Stop the program
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION: 1. What are the modes in which 8086 can operate?
2. List the instructions of 8086 that affects only carry flag.
3. What is the difference between jump and call instructions?
4. List the I/O instructions of 8086.
5. What is implied addressing?
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for performing the sum of ‘N’ natural numbers is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to search a string using 8086 MP
Ex.No.:
CONVERSION OF HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY
DATE:
AIM: To write an assembly language program to convert hexadecimal to binary.
ALGORITHM:
1. Load AL with the input data. 2. Check If (AL<=9) then add 30 with AL . 3. Else add 7 with AL . 4. Result stored into AL
PROGRAM:
PROGRAM
COMMENT
MOV AL,0A CMP AL,09 JZ 110A
LOAD AL WITH THE DATA 10 IF DATA LESS THAN 9 ADD 30 TO THE DATA IF COUNT IS ZERO THEN GO TO 110A
JB 110A
IF 1 OPERAND IS BELOW THAN 2 OPERAND THEN SHORT JUMP INTO 110A ELSE ADD AL WITH 07 ADD 30 WITH AL STOP THE PROGRAM
st
ADD AL,07 ADD AL,30 HLT
nd
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION: 1. What is meant by interrupt?
2. What is the use of ready pin?
3. State the machine control instructions.
4. What are the flags in 8086?
5. What relative addressing?
MARK ALLOCATION
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for conversion of hexadecimal to binary (ASCII value) is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to find and replace a string using 8086 MP.
Ex.No.:
CONVERSION OF BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL
DATE:
AIM: To write an assembly language program to convert binary to hexadecimal.
ALGORITHM: 1. Load the input data in AL . 2. Subtract 30 from AL value. 3. If data is less than or equal to 16 terminate the program. 4. Else subtract 7 from AL value. 5. Result stored in AL
PROGRAM: PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV AL,31
Get data 31 into AL
SUB AL,30
Subtract 30 with the AL
CMP AL,10
If data is less than or equal to 16 go to 110C
JB 110C
If 1st operand is below the 2nd operand then short jump into 110C
JZ 110C
If count zero then jump into to 110C
SUB AL,07
Else subtract 7 from AL value
HLT
Break point
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION: 1. What is addressing?
2. What is Program counter?
3. What is meant by Maskable interrupts?
4. What is Logical Address?
5. What are Mnemonics? Give example.
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for conversion of binary (Represented in ASCII value) to hexadecimal is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to generate the largest and smallest number using 8086 MP.
Ex.No.:
ASCENDING AND DESCENDING ORDER
DATE:
AIM: To write an Assembly Language Program to sort a given array in ascending and descending order. ALGORITHM: (i) Sorting in ascending order: 1. Load the array count in two s C1 and C2. 2. Get the first two numbers. 3. Compare the numbers and exchange if necessary so that the two numbers are in ascending order. 4. Decrement C2. 5. Get the third number from the array and repeat the process until C2 is 0. 6. Decrement C1 and repeat the process until C1 is 0. (ii) Sorting in descending order: 1. Load the array count in two s C1 and C2. 2. Get the first two numbers. 3. Compare the numbers and exchange if necessary so that the two numbers are in
descending order. 4. Decrement C2. 5. Get the third number from the array and repeat the process until C2 is 0. 6. Decrement C1 and repeat the process until C1 is 0.
PROGRAM: 1. ASCENDING PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV SI,1200H
Initialize memory location for array size
MOV CL,[SI]
Number of comparisons in CL
L4 : MOV SI,1200H
Initialize memory location for array size
MOV DL,[SI]
Get the count in DL
INC SI
Go to next memory location
MOV AL,[SI]
Get the first data in AL
L3 : INC SI
Go to next memory location
MOV BL,[SI]
Get the second data in BL
CMP AL,BL
Compare two data’s
JNB L1
If AL < BL go to L1
DEC SI
Else, Decrement the memory location
MOV [SI],AL
Store the smallest data
MOV AL,BL
Get the next data AL
JMP L2
Jump to L2
L1 : DEC SI
Decrement the memory location
MOV [SI],BL
Store the greatest data in memory location
L2 : INC SI
Go to next memory location
DEC DL
Decrement the count
JNZ L3
Jump to L3, if the count is not reached zero
MOV [SI],AL
Store data in memory location
DEC CL
Decrement the count
JNZ L4
Jump to L4, if the count is not reached zero
HLT
Stop
2. DESCENDING PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV SI,1200H
Initialize memory location for array size
MOV CL,[SI]
Number of comparisons in CL
L4 : MOV SI,1200H
Initialize memory location for array size
MOV DL,[SI]
Get the count in DL
INC SI
Go to next memory location
MOV AL,[SI]
Get the first data in AL
L3 : INC SI
Go to next memory location
MOV BL,[SI]
Get the second data in BL
CMP AL,BL
Compare two data’s
JB L1
If AL > BL go to L1
DEC SI
Else, Decrement the memory location
MOV [SI],AL
Store the largest data
MOV AL,BL
Get the next data AL
JMP L2
Jump to L2
L1 : DEC SI
Decrement the memory location
MOV [SI],BL
Store the smallest data in memory location
L2 : INC SI
Go to next memory location
DEC DL
Decrement the count
JNZ L3
Jump to L3, if the count is not reached zero
MOV [SI],AL
Store data in memory location
DEC CL
Decrement the count
JNZ L4
Jump to L4, if the count is not reached zero
HLT
Stop
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION:
1. From which address the 8086 starts execution after reset?
2. What are the modes in which 8086 can operate?
3. What is the data and address size in 8086?
4. What is purpose served by CX ?
5. Which are pointers present in this 8086
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for sorting a given array in ascending and descending order is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to separate odd and even numbers using 8086 MP
Ex.No.:
MOVING DATA FROM SOURCE LOCATION TO DESTINATION
DATE:
LOACTION
AIM: To write an Assembly Language Program to moving data from source location to destination location (1200H-1205H to 2200H – 2205H).
ALGORITHM: 1. Move the count value in the source index . 2. Move the count value to CL . 3. Increment source index . 4. Move the contents of source index to AL. 5. Move the contents of AL to destination index. 6. Increment the destination index. 7. Increment the source index. 8. Decrement the contents of CL 9. If no zero jump to the loop. 10. Stop the program.
PROGRAM: PROGRAM LEA SI,[2000]
COMMENTS Move the count value in the source index .
LEA DI,[2200]
Move the count value to CL .
MOV CL,[CL] INC SI
Move contents Increment source index .
L1:MOV AL,[SI]
Move the contents of source index to AL.
MOV [DI],AL
Move the contents of AL to destination index.
INC DI
Increment the destination index.
INC SI
Increment the source index.
DEC CL
Decrement the contents of CL
JNZ L1
If no zero jump to the loop.
HLT
Stop
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION: 1. What are data copy/transfer instructions?
2. Define index .
3. Differentiate near and far jump.
4. Define software interrupt.
5. What us the purpose of RET instructions?
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for moving data from source location to destination location is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to convert BCD to hexadecimal using 8086 MP.
Ex.No.:
REVERSING THE STRING
DATE:
AIM: To write an Assembly Language Program for reversing the given string.
ALGORITHM: 1. AX is initialized with data & AX is moved into DS 2. Initialize CX to 5 3. Load the effective address in SI & DI. Add SI with 04 4. Move SI to AL 5. Decrement SI & Increment DI. Repeat this until an interrupt is raised 6. Stop the Process.
PROGRAM: PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV SI,2000
Move value of address 2000 to source index
MOV DI,2008
Move value of address 2008 to destination index Move 0008 to CX ADD SI AND 07
MOV CX,0008 ADD SI,07 UP:MOV AL,[SI] MOV [DI],AL DEC SI INC DI DEC CX JNZ UP END
Move value of SI to AL Move AL to the destination address Decrement SI Increment DI Decrement CX Jump Stop the Process
OUTPUT
VIVA QUESTION: 1. Differentiate “shift” and “rotate”?
2. List the string manipulation commands.
3. What is the use of direction flag?
4. Difference between Microprocessor & Microcontroller
5. What is the maximum memory addressing and I/O addresing capabilities of 8086?
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for reversing the string is executed and verified
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to find square root of a given numbers using 8086 MP.
Ex.No.:
GENERATING THE SERIES
DATE:
AIM: To write an Assembly Language Program for generating the series. . ALGORITHM:
PROGRAM:
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION:
1. What is the purpose of BIU?
2. What is the purpose of EU?
3. What is the purpose of segment ?
4. What are the segments s in 8086?
5. What is the function of IP?
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for generating the series is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to convert BCD to decimal numbers using 8086 MP.
Ex.No.:
GENERATING SQUARE WAVE USING 8255 PPI
DATE: AIM:
To write an Assembly Language Program for generating square wave using 8255 PPI.
ALGORITHM: 1. Initialize channel 0 in mode 3 2. Initialize the LSB of the count. 3. Initialize the MSB of the count. 4. Trigger the count 5. Read the corresponding output in CRO.
PROGRAM:
MODES 3 – SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR:
PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV AL, 36H
Store the control word in accumulator
OUT 0BH
Send through output port
MOV AL, 0AH
Copy lower order count value in accumulator
OUT 08H
Send through output port
MOV AL, 00H
Copy higher order count value in accumulator
OUT 08H
Send through output port
HLT
Stop
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION:
1. Write any two processor control instructions.
2.
Mention any four initialization list in the 8086 program.
3.
What are the assembly language program development tools?
4. What is an assembler directive?
5. Define SEGEMNT and ENDS.
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for generating the square wave is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to generate sine wave using 8086 MP.
Ex.No.:
GENERATING RATE GENERATOR USING 8253 PIT
DATE:
AIM: To write an assembly language program for generating rate generator using 8253 PIT.
ALGORITHM 1. Initialize channel 0 in mode 2 2. Initialize the LSB of the count. 3. Initialize the MSB of the count. 4. Trigger the count 5. Read the corresponding output in CRO.
PROGRAM: MODE 2 – RATE GENERATOR:
PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV AL, 34H
Store the control word in accumulator
OUT 0BH
Send through output port
MOV AL, 0AH
Copy lower order count value in accumulator
OUT 08H
Send through output port
MOV AL, 00H
Copy higher order count value in accumulator
OUT 08H
Send through output port
HLT
Stop
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION: 1. What is minimum mode?
2. What is maximum mode?
3. What is machine cycle?
4. What is instructions cycle?
5. What are the minimum mode signals
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for generating the rate generator is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to generate triangular wave using 8086 MP.
Ex.No.:
INTERFACE KEYBOARD WITH 8086 USING 8279 PKI
DATE: AIM:
To write an assembly language program for interfacing keyboard with 8086 using 8279 PKI.
ALGORITHM: 1. Initialize the counter 2. Set 8279 for 8 digit character display, right entry 3. Set 8279 for clearing the display 4. Write the command to display 5. Load the character into accumulator and display it 6. Introduce the delay 7. Repeat from step 1
PROGRAM: PROGRAM
COMMENTS
START : MOV SI,1200H
Initialize array
MOV CX,000FH
Initialize array size
MOV AL,10
Store the control word for display mode
OUT C2,AL
Send through output port
MOV AL,CC
Store the control word to clear display
OUT C2,AL
Send through output port
MOV AL,90
Store the control word to write display
OUT C2,AL
Send through output port
L1 : MOV AL,[SI]
Get the first data
OUT C0,AL
Send through output port
CALL DELAY
Give delay
INC SI
Go & get next data
LOOP L1
Loop until all the data’s have been taken
JMP START
Go to starting location
DELAY : MOV DX,0A0FFH
Store 16bit count value
LOOP1 : DEC DX
Decrement count value
JNZ LOOP1
Loop until count values becomes zero
RET
Return to main program
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTION: 1. List the functions performed by 8279.
2. What are the different types of ADC?
3. What is baud rate?
4. What are the different scan modes of 8259?
5. What is scanning in keyboard?
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for interface keyboard with 8086 using 8279 PKI is executed and verified
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP to display “HELP US” using 8086 MP.
Ex.No.:
INTERFACE ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER
DATE:
AIM: To write an assembly language program for interfacing analog to digital converter. ALGORITHM: 1. Select the channel and latch the address. 2. Send the start conversion pulse. 3. Read EOC signal. 4. If EOC = 1 continue else go to step (iii) 5. Read the digital output. 6. Store it in a memory location
PROGRAM: PROGRAM
COMMENTS
MOV AL,00
LOAD ACCUMULATOR WITH VALUE FOR ALE HIGH
OUT 0C8H,AL
SEND THROUGH OUTPUT PORT
MOV AL,08
LOAD ACCUMULATOR WITH VALUE FOR ALE LOW
OUT 0C8H,AL
SEND THROUGH OUTPUT PORT
MOV AL,01
STORE THE VALUE TO MAKE SOC HIGH IN THE ACCUMULATOR
OUT 0D0H,AL
SEND THROUGH OUTPUT PORT
MOV AL,00 MOV AL,00
INTRODUCE DELAY
MOV AL,00 MOV AL,00
STORE THE VALUE TO MAKE SOC LOW THE ACCUMULATOR
OUT 0D0H,AL
SEND THROUGH OUTPUT PORT
L1 : IN AL, 0D8H
AND AL,01 CMP AL,01 JNZ L1
READ THE EOC SIGNAL FROM PORT & CHECK FOR END OF CONVERSION IF THE CONVERSION IS NOT YET COMPLETED, READ EOC SIGNAL FROM PORT AGAIN
IN AL,0C0H
READ DATA FROM PORT
MOV BX,1100
INITIALIZE THE MEMORY LOCATION TO STORE DATA
MOV [BX],AL
STORE THE DATA
HLT
STOP
OUTPUT:
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is port?
2. Give some port devices used in 8086.
3. State some features of 8259.
4. What is exception?
5. State Intel predefined interrupt.
MARK ALLOCATION:
CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Preparation & conduct of experiment
50
Observation & result
30
Record
10
Viva voce
10
Total
100
RESULT: Thus the program for interfacing analog to digital converter is executed and verified.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM: 1. Write an ALP by interfacing 8255 with 8086 in mode 0, mode 1.
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