Nuclear Radioactivity Worksheet 3x6162

Name: __________________________

Date: _____________

Period: _________

Radioactivity Worksheet 1. State the number of neutrons and protons in each of the following nuclei: a. 12 H : ________________________________________________________ b. 126 C : ________________________________________________________ 56 Fe : _______________________________________________________ c. 26 197 d. 79 Au : _______________________________________________________ 2. The three types of radioactive emissions are called alpha (), beta () and gamma () radiation. Complete the table below with the correct information about each type. Charge

Atomic Symbol

Can Be Stopped By

Alpha Beta Gamma 3. Which of the three radioactive emissions ( best fit the following statements? Write the correct symbol/s on the lines. a) These emissions are charged. ____________ b) This emission is the most massive (heaviest). ____________ c) This emission is the most charged. ____________ d) This emission is most dangerous outside of the body. ____________ e) This emission is stopped by thin paper or a few centimeters of air. _________ f) This emission can travel through paper, but is stopped by aluminum. _______ g) This emission can travel through fairly thick lead. ____________ 4. Which type of radiation – alpha, beta, or gamma: a. Results in the greatest change in atomic number? Why? __________________________________________________________________

b. Results in the least change in atomic number? Why? __________________________________________________________________ c. Produces the greatest change in mass number? Why? __________________________________________________________________ d. Produces the least change in mass number? Why? __________________________________________________________________ 5. Complete the following nuclear reactions: ? 0 a. 226 88 Ra  ? ? + 1 e ________________________________________________________ b.

209 84

Po 

205 82

Pb + ?? ?

________________________________________________________ c.

238 92

U  ?? ? + 24 He

________________________________________________________ d.

234 90

Th 

234 91

Pa + ?? ?

________________________________________________________ e.

? ?

? +

14 7

N  178 O + 11 H

________________________________________________________ 6. When isotope bismuth-213 emits an alpha particle: a. Write out the nuclear equation: ________________________________________________________ b. Which is the parent element? _____________________________ c. Which is the daughter element? ___________________________

d. What new element results if the isotope, instead, emits a beta particle? ________________________________________________________ 7. When 218 84 Po emits a beta particle, it transforms into a new element. a. Write out the nuclear equation: ________________________________________________________ b. Fill out the chart below: Name of the Element

Atomic Number

Atomic Mass

# Of # Of Protons Electrons

# Of Neutrons

Parent Element Daughter Element 8. In a paper-making factory, beta radiation is used to check that the paper being produced is the correct thickness. If the paper gets too thin, the reading on the detector increases causing the rollers to move apart to make the paper thicker. If the paper gets too thick, the reading on the detector goes down causing the rollers to move closer together. A diagram of this set-up is shown below:

detector rollers

paper source

Explain why beta radiation is used for this procedure rather than alpha or gamma radiation. _______ _______ _______