Open Source Lab Manual 4y6s6p

) { print "$_"; } 19. Example which opens an existing file file1.txt and read it line by line and generate another copy file2.txt #!/usr/bin/perl # Open file to read open(DATA1, "<file1.txt"); # Open new file to write open(DATA2, ">file2.txt"); # Copy data from one file to another.

while( ) { print DATA2 $_; } close( DATA1 ); close( DATA2 ); #delete a file file3.txt using unlink function unlink ("/strawberry/perl/file3.txt"); 20.Program to returns the key intersection of two hashes sub intersection { my ($hasha, $hashb) = @_; my %newhash; foreach my $key (keys %{$hasha}) { $newhash{$key} = $$hasha{$key} if (exists $$hashb{$key}); } return %newhash; } %hasha = ( 'a' => 'b', 'b' => 'b', 'c' => 'b'); print %hasha; print "\n"; %hashb = ( 'b' => 'b', 'c' => 'b', 'd' => 'b'); print %hashb; print "\n"; %newhash = intersection(\%hasha, \%hashb); print "\n"; print %newhash; 21. Print out lines of other files with the use of arrays #!/usr/bin/perl print "content-type: text/html \n\n"; #The header $text = "sample.txt"; open (text) or die "Can't open the file!"; @fileinput = ; print $fileinput[0]; print $fileinput[1]; print $fileinput[2];

print $fileinput[3]; print $fileinput[4]; print $fileinput[5]; print $fileinput[6]; print $fileinput[7]; print $fileinput[8]; print $fileinput[9]; close (text); 22. PERL - Copying File We can duplicate a file using the copy function. Copy takes two values the URL of the file to be copied and the URL of the new file. Since we want to duplicate the file in this example 22.1 Example for copying and moving and delete function #!/usr/bin/perl use File::Copy; print "\n Copying the content present from file1 to file2"; $filetobecopied = "file1.txt"; $newfile = "file2.txt"; copy($filetobecopied, $newfile) or die "File cannot be copied."; print "\n Now open the new file"; print "\n Move function"; $oldlocation = "sample.txt"; $newlocation = "f:/keerthi/sample.txt"; move($oldlocation, $newlocation); # unlink function to delete specific files from your web server. print "\n Delete function"; $file = "F:/keerthi/sample.txt"; if (unlink($file) == 0) { print "\nFile deleted successfully."; } else { print "\nFile was not deleted."; } APPLICATION USING PERL 1.create the table in perl that will be automatically updated in database using mysql

1.1 First create the database as follows in mysql [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ mysql -u root -p Enter : Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.1.45 Source distribution Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | test | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.25 sec) mysql> create database student; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | student | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use student; Database changed mysql> connect; Connection id: 3 Current database: student mysql> show tables; Empty set (0.00 sec) now the table is empty . To create the table we use the following procedure 1.2 The following packages should be used to connect PERL with Mysql (use new terminal) [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ rpm -q perl-DBI

perl-DBI-1.609-4.fc13.i686 [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ rpm -q perl-DBD-MySQL perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.fc13.i686 1.3 Write the PERL script to connect with mysql as follows #!usr/bin/perl use DBI; #to use the build in package we use "Use", DBI is the build in package in perl my $dbh=DBI->connect("dbi:mysql:student","root",""); #connect to database if(!$dbh) { die("error:$!"); } $sth=$dbh->prepare("create table students(rollno int,sname varchar(50))"); # create the table $sth->execute(); $dbh->disconnect; 1.4 Run the Perl script [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl connect.pl now see the tables in database (“student”) mysql> show tables; +-------------------+ | Tables_in_student | +-------------------+ | students | +-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 2. insert the values in perl that will be automatically updated in database using mysql as follows #!usr/bin/perl use DBI; #to use the build in package we use "Use", DBI is the build in package in perl my $dbh=DBI->connect("dbi:mysql:student","root",""); #connect to database if(!$dbh) { die("error:$!"); }

$sth=$dbh->prepare("insert into students values(100,'thamarai')"); # create the table $sth->execute(); $dbh->disconnect; 2.1 compile the perl [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl dbinsert.pl now the output is mysql> select * from students; +--------+----------+ | rollno | sname | +--------+----------+ | 100 | thamarai | +--------+----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 2.2 insert the values in perl using execute statement #!usr/bin/perl use DBI; #to use the build in package we use "Use", DBI is the build in package in perl $rollno=200; $sname="selvi"; my $dbh=DBI->connect("dbi:mysql:student","root",""); #connect to database if(!$dbh) { die("error:$!"); } $sth=$dbh->prepare("insert into students values(?,?)"); # create the table $sth->execute($rollno,$sname); $dbh->disconnect; compile the program as [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl dbinsert1.pl now the output is mysql> select * from students; +--------+----------+ | rollno | sname | +--------+----------+ | 100 | thamarai | | 200 | selvi |

+--------+----------+ 2 rows in set (0.08 sec)

CGI PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE -1 type the following in terminal [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ su : [root@localhost linuxpert]# cd /var/www/cgi-bin [root@localhost cgi-bin]# gedit type the following in gedit #!/usr/bin/perl use CGI; $cgi=new CGI; print $cgi->header, $cgi->start_html, $cgi->h1("A simple Example"), $cgi->end_html; type the following in the same terminal [root@localhost cgi-bin]# chmod +x form.cgi go to browser and type the following URL http://localhost/cgi-bin/form.cgi U will get the output as EXAMPLE -2 in terminal [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ su : [root@localhost linuxpert]# cd /var/www/html [root@localhost html]# gedit type the following in gedit editor 573u61 save the page as form.html & close it type the following URL in browser http://localhost/form.html then type the following in the terminal [root@localhost html]# cd /var/www/cgi-bin [root@localhost cgi-bin]# gedit type the following in gedit #!/usr/bin/perl use CGI; $cgi=new CGI; use DBI; $rollno=$cgi->param('rollno'); $name=$cgi->param('sname'); my $dbh=DBI->connect("dbi:mysql:student","root",""); my $sth=$dbh->prepare("insert into students values(?,?)"); $res=$sth->execute($rollno,$name); $dbh->disconnect; if($res) { print $cgi->header, $cgi->start_html, $cgi->h1("Record created"), $cgi->end_html; } save that file as form2.cgi close that file & open a same terminal type as [root@localhost cgi-bin]# chmod +x form2.cgi In new browser type the following http://localhost/form.html we get the screen as now check the database as mysql> select * from students; +--------+---------------+ | rollno | sname | +--------+---------------+ | 100 | thamarai | | 200 | selvi |

| NULL | abcd | | 71 | thamaraiselvi | +--------+---------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Ex No. 10 PHP with MYSQL Aim: To create a form and test the connectivity with MYSQL Algorithm: 1. linuxpert@localhost ~]$ su : 123 [root@localhost linuxpert]# cd /var/www/html [root@localhost html]# gedit 2. type the following in gedit and save it as form.html 573u61 3. Type the following in gedit and save it as connect.php 0) { echo "Record created"; } ?> 4. Type the following in the browser http://localhost/form.html

5. Now go to terminal [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ mysql -u root -p\ > > Enter : Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 28 Server version: 5.1.45 Source distribution mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | student | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.11 sec) mysql> use student ; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> connect Connection id: 29 Current database: student mysql> show tables; +-------------------+ | Tables_in_student | +-------------------+ | course | | courses | | students | +-------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from courses; +------+-------+ | cid | cname | +------+-------+ | 1 | java | | 1 | java | +------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.02 sec)

Example 2. Create Page 1 Create Page (HomePage.php)

<strong>Member
name	:
	:

2 Create Validation Page (check.php)
mysql_connect("$host", "$name")or die("cannot connect"); mysql_select_db("$db_name")or die("cannot select DB"); // name and sent from form $myname=$_POST['myname']; $my=$_POST['my']; $sql="SELECT * FROM $tbl_name WHERE name='$myname' and ='$my'"; $result=mysql_query($sql); // Mysql_num_row is counting table row $count=mysql_num_rows($result); // If result matched $myname and $my, table row must be 1 row if($count==1) echo "Welcome To Our Web Page"; else echo "Wrong name or "; ?>

Ex No. 11 Python programming with MYSQL Aim: To demonstrate the Python program connectivity with MYSQL Algorithm: 1. Write a Hello World Python Program Create helloworld.py program as shown below. $ vim helloworld.py #!/usr/bin/python # Hello world python program print "Hello World!"; 2. Python Interpreter Availability Make sure python interpreter is installed on your system as shown below. $ whereis python python: /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.5 /usr/bin/python2.6 /etc/python /etc/python2.5 /etc/python2.6 /usr/lib/python2.4 /usr/lib/python3.0 /usr/lib/python2.5 /usr/lib/python2.6 /usr/local/lib/python2.5 /usr/local/lib/python2.6 /usr/include/python2.5 /usr/include/python2.6 /usr/share/python /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz $ which python /usr/bin/python 3. Execute Python Program You can either execute using “python helloworld.py” or “./helloworld.py”. $ python helloworld.py Hello World! ( or ) $ chmod u+x helloworld.py $ ./helloworld.py Hello World! Note: As python is an interpreted language, you don’t have the compilation step similar to the C program. 4. Write a sample program in python programming #Sample python program

x=5; y=5; print ("x:",x); print("y:",y); z=x+y; print("z:",z); 5. String Concatenation in python programming #String concatenation worda='computer'; wordb='science'; print("worda is ",worda); print("wordb is",wordb); wordc=worda+" " +wordb; print("wordc is",wordc); wordd=worda*3; print("wordd is ",wordd); str = 'HelloWorld!' length=len(str); print ("str :",str); print("length:",length); print ("first character is",str[0]); print ("print character from 2rd to 6th :", str[2:7] ); print ("Prints string starting from 3rd character:",str[2:]); print ("Prints string two times",str * 2); print ("Prints concatenated string :",str + "TEST" ); print(str[-1]); #print last character print(str[-6]);#print character from last 6th position print(str[:-2]);# Everything except the last two characters 6. Write a python program to perform function in Lists #Python Lists #!/usr/bin/python print("\t \t \t Python Lists"); list = [ 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 ] tinylist = [123, 'john'] print("Prints complete list:",list); print("Prints first element of the list : ",list[0]); print("Prints elements starting from 2nd to 4th:",list[1:3]); print("Prints elements starting from 3rd element:",list[2:]); print("Prints list two times:",tinylist * 2); print("Prints concatenated lists: ", list + tinylist ); #modify the 4th elements in the list

print("Before modifying the 4th element in list :",list[4]); list[4]='efgh'; print("4th element in list :",list[4]); print(" complete list:",list); #Appending new elements list.append('ijkl'); print("After appending list:",list); #deleting an element in list del list[2]; print("List :",list); 7. Write a python program to perform functions in tuples #Python Tuples print("\t \t \t Python tuples"); tuple = ( 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 ) tinytuple = (123, 'john') print("\ncomplete tuple :",tuple); print("Prints first element of the tuple:", tuple[0]); print("Prints elements starting from 1nd to 3th:", tuple[1:4]); print("Prints elements starting from 3rd element:", tuple[2:]); print("Prints tuple two times:", tinytuple * 2 ); print ("concatenated tuple:",tuple + tinytuple ); 8. Write a python program to perform functions in Dictionary. #Python Dictionary tinydict = {'name': 'john','code':6734, 'dept': 'sales'} print ("Python Dictionary:" ); print ("complete dictionary",tinydict ); print ("Key :",tinydict.keys()); # Prints all the keys print ("values:",tinydict.values()); # Prints all the values 9. Write a python Program to select odd number from the lists #!/usr/bin/python #program to select odd number from the list a=[11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,31,44,45,10]; print("List is:",a); n=len(a); print("length:",n); i=0; print("Odd number"); for i in range(len(a)): if(a[i]%2==1): print(a[i]); 10. Conditional statement in Python

>>> x = int(raw_input("Please enter an integer: ")) >>> if x < 0: ... x = 0 ... print 'Negative changed to zero' ... elif x == 0: ... print 'Zero' ... elif x == 1: ... print 'Single' ... else: ... print 'More' 11. For Statement in Python >>> # Measure some strings: ... a = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate'] >>> for x in a: ... print x, len(x) cat 3 window 6 12. The Range() and Len() in Python >>> a = ['Mary', 'had', 'a', 'little', 'lamb'] >>> for i in range(len(a)): ... print i, a[i] ... OUTPUT: 0 Mary 1 had 2a 3 little 4 lamb 13. Prime Number using Python. >>> for n in range(2, 10): ... for x in range(2, n): ... if n % x == 0: ... print n, 'equals', x, '*', n/x ... break ... else: ... # loop fell through without finding a factor ... print n, 'is a prime number' .. OUTPUT: 2 is a prime number 3 is a prime number

4 equals 2 * 2 5 is a prime number 6 equals 2 * 3 7 is a prime number 8 equals 2 * 4 9 equals 3 * 3 14. Fibonacci Series using Python >>> def fib(n): # write Fibonacci series up to n ... """Print a Fibonacci series up to n.""" ... a, b = 0, 1 ... while b < n: ... print b, ... a, b = b, a+b ... >>> # Now call the function we just defined: ... fib(2000) 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597 15. Set operations in Python >>> basket = ['apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana'] >>> fruit = set(basket) # create a set without duplicates >>> fruit set(['orange', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']) >>> 'orange' in fruit # fast hip testing True >>> 'crabgrass' in fruit False >>> # Demonstrate set operations on unique letters from two words ... >>> a = set('abracadabra') >>> b = set('alacazam') >>> a # unique letters in a set(['a', 'r', 'b', 'c', 'd']) >>> a - b # letters in a but not in b set(['r', 'd', 'b']) >>> a | b # letters in either a or b set(['a', 'c', 'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l']) >>> a & b # letters in both a and b set(['a', 'c']) >>> a ^ b # letters in a or b but not both set(['r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l']) 16. Modules And Error Handling In Python

import sys try: f = open('myfile.txt') s = f.readline() i = int(s.strip()) except IOError as (errno, strerror): print "I/O error({0}): {1}".format(errno, strerror) except ValueError: print "Could not convert data to an integer." except: print "Unexpected error:", sys.exc_info()[0] raise 17.Finally class in Python >>> def divide(x, y): ... try: ... result = x / y ... except ZeroDivisionError: ... print "division by zero!" ... else: ... print "result is", result ... finally: ... print "executing finally clause" ... >>> divide(2, 1) result is 2 executing finally clause >>> divide(2, 0) division by zero! executing finally clause >>> divide("2", "1") executing finally clause Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in ? File "<stdin>", line 3, in divide TypeError: uned operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str' 18. Simple Class Program in python >>> class Complex: ... def __init__(self, realpart, imagpart): ... self.r = realpart ... self.i = imagpart ...

>>> x = Complex(3.0, -4.5) >>> x.r, x.i (3.0, -4.5) 19. Module Program in Python (Fibonacci Series) A module is a file containing Python definitions and statements. The file name is the module name with the suffix .py appended. Within a module, the module’s name (as a string) is available as the value of the global variable __name__. For instance, use your favorite text editor to create a file called fibo.py in the current directory with the following contents: Step 1: Fibo.py def fib(n): # write Fibonacci series up to n a, b = 0, 1 while b < n: print b, a, b = b, a+b Step 2: >>> import fibo Step 3: >>> fibo.fib(1000) 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987

Ex No. 12 Setting Up The Complete Network Interface Aim: To set up the complete network interface using ifconfig command like setting gateway, DNS, IP tables. Algorithm: ifconfig 1. Check for network manager status $service NetworkManager status 2. as super $su – 3. Check ip address and note it down #ifconfig 4. Now stop the network manager service #service NetworkManager stop #ifconfig 5. Next stop the local network service also #service network stop #service network #ifconfig 6. Check network status #service network status 7. Now configure ip address #ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.12 netmask 255.255.255.0 #ifconfig 8. Next enable the loop up #ifconfig lo up 9. Try stopping network service again #ifdown eth0 #ifconfig 10. Bring up the network service #ifconfig eth0 up #ifconfig 11. Repeat step 7 for setting ip address Note : The ip address which u set must be unique. U can set the ip address which you have noted down in the beginning of the exercise.

Gateway 1. Check for existing gateway #route –n 2. Delete default gateway #route del default 3. Add default gateway again #route add default gw 192.168.1.1 #route –n Domain Name Server (DNS) 1. Edit resolv.conf file and add the below lines #vi /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 192.168.1.173 nameserver 4.2.2.2 #ifconfig #route –n 2. Check the resolv.conf file #cat ../etc/resolv.conf Configuring eth0 1. Open eth0 configuration file #vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 2. Edit the following lines BOOTPROTO=”static” (below onboot edit the following lines) IPADDR=192.168.1.12 (use ur ip add) NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=192.168.1.0 #ifconfig 3. Start the eth0 service ifup eth0 #ifconfig #route –n 4. Edit the network file under /etc #vi /etc/sysconfig/network Add the following line

GATEWAY=192.168.1.172 5. Now restart network service #service network restart #ifconfig #route –n

CONTENT BEYOND THE SYLLABUS: 1. Sample Django application for displaying “Hello world” message with Current time. 2. Create a new directory named templates in blog directory Introduction Django is an web application framework, written in Python, which follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) Pattern. It is named after Django Reinhardt, a gypsy jazz guitarist from the 1930sto early 1950s. To this day, he’s considered one of the best guitarists of all time. Django is pronounced JANG-oh. Rhymes with FANG-oh. It was originally developed to manage several news-oriented sites for The World Company of Lawrence, Kansas, etc., and was released publicly under BSD license by July 2005. In June 2008, It was announced that a newly formed Django Software Foundation will take care of Django in the future. The Django framework components Object-relational mapper Define your data models entirely in Python. You get a rich, dynamic databaseaccess API for free —but you can still write SQL if needed. Automatic interface Save yourself the tedious work of creating interfaces for people to add and update content. Django does that automatically, and it's production-ready. Elegant URL design Design pretty, cruft-free URLs with no framework-specific limitations. Be as flexible as you like. Template system Use Django's powerful, extensible and designer-friendly template language to separate design, content and Python code. Cache system Hook into memcached or other cache frameworks for super performance — caching is as granular as you need. Internationalization Django has full for multi-language applications, letting you specify translation strings and providing hooks for language-specific functionality. The Programs

3. Sample Django application for displaying “Hello world” message with Current time. Create a project # Get into project folder which you created now. # Note: When you run django-.py startproject mysite, Django will automatically create a new directory containing four files: * __init__.py, which will be empty. This file is required to tell Python that the directory is a Python module and can be imported (and imported from). * manage.py, which provides a number of convenience functions for working with the project. * settings.py, which will be the project’s settings file. * urls.py, which will be the project’s root URL configuration. Next you could check the project whether you have installed successfully or not by running the django's inbuilt development server named runserver Now open the url http://127.0.0.1:8000/ in your browser. You will get the following output.

Create an application Get into project “mysite”. And create an application #

Note: When you run django-.py startapp web, Django creates a sub-directory of your project directory, and creates the following files: web/ __init__.py models.py tests.py views.py __init__.py, which serves the same purpose as at the project level. models.py, which should hold the application’s model classes. views.py, which is for any custom views the application wants to provide. Create a new directory named templates in blog directory # Get into project folder which you created now. *********

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