JITM,ODISHA

parking & its management By

Md. Hassan Alam

Reg No: 0901213038 Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Rourkela Odisha d to AICTE, New Delhi

Contents • • • • • • • • •

Over view Parking studies Parking statistics Parking survey Ill effect of parking Traffic management plan Economic development Mobility management Traffic regulation

Over view

“The overarching objective for parking is to progressively reduce the demand for parking and facilitate organized parking for all types of vehicles” • The formulation of the Policy will be the starting point for the making of programmers and specific plans. Parking demand emanates from consumer behavior and requirements and location of markets, utility centers & all public places.

Parking studies • • • •

•

Any vehicle will at one time be parked short time or longer time, provision of parking facilities is essential need for parking spaces is usually very great in areas of business, residential, or commercial activities. park-and-ride Providing adequate parking space to meet the demand for parking in the Central Business District (CBD) This problem usually confronts a city traffic engineer.

solution is not simple, Parking studies are used to determine the demand for and the supply of parking facilities.

Parking statistics • • • • • •

Parking accumulation: Parking volume: Parking load : Average parking duration: Parking turnover: Parking index: parking index = (parking load*100)/parking capacity

Over 221 Million Dollar or 1000 Million Rupees fuel lost annually due to congestion & idling

Personal vehicles drive out public transport

6%

94%

Personal Vehicles

• 1087 vehicles are added each day • 1021 vehicles are personal • 20% household owns cars • Public transport ridership dropped from 60% to 41% between 2001-08 Public Transport Vehicles

Ill effect of parking

•

Effect of on street parking (and parking search) on:  congestion, 

road safety



environment



blocking bus lanes and stops; footways and crossings

Continue…… • Delays • Wasted fuel increasing air pollution and carbon dioxide emissions (which may contribute to global warming) . • Wear and tear on vehicles. • Stressed and frustrated motorists • encouraging road rage Late response in Emergencies: • Spillover effect from congested main arteries to secondary roads and side streets • Pollution

Types of parking •

On-Street Parking Facilities – – – – – – – – –

also known as curb facilities. Parking bays are provided alongside the curb on one or both sides of the street. unrestricted parking unlimited and free Restricted parking facilities limited to specific times for a maximum duration. may or may not be free. handicapped parking bus stops loading bays.

•

Off-Street Parking Facilities – – – –

privately or publicly owned; surface lots and garages. Self-parking garages attendant-parking garages

• "Stand-alone" includes Multi Level Public Parking (ramp type and mechanical parking) facilities will be planned and developed at suitable locations. • Parking lots will be developed both by government agencies and private developers on PPP model. BOT concept may be encouraged in development of parking Ions.

Short-Stay Parking

SHORT-STAY PARKING IS PREFERABLY LOCATED IN PROXIMITY TO TRIP DESTINATIONS AND PROTECTED FROM LONG-STAY PACKERS. SEPARATE SHORT-STAY PARKING FACILITIES MAY BE REQUIRED FOR BUSINESS S, ENTERTAINMENT AND TOURIST VISITORS, OFFICE VISITORS, VISITORS TO RESIDENTIAL UNIT'S ETC. A SHORT STAY PARKING (ROAD SIDE, MULTI LEVEL, ON GRADE, PRIVATE/ PUBLIC) WILL BE CREATED ACCORDING THE AREA NEEDS. PROTECTION FROM LONG-STAY PARKER WILL BE ENSURED BY MEANS OF TIME RESTRICTIONS AND/OR BY APPROPRIATE PRICING STRUCTURES. PARKING OF VEHICLES BY OWNERS AND EMPLOYEES OF ESTABLISHMENTS IN SHORT STAY PARKING LOTS FOR LONG-STAY PURPOSES WILL BE DISCOURAGED THROUGH APPROPRIATE PRICING MECHANISM.

Parking in Residential Areas

• Public roads are a public resource intended primarily for the movement of vehicles and not for parking. Vehicles owned by residents will not use the roads in residential areas for longstay parking. • Building bye laws will be enforced to promote parking in residential areas. • Parking in private off-street locations will be promoted through necessary amendments to the building bye laws. • Option of providing exemption from payment of property tax will be explored to promote private parking lots.

Heavy Vehicle Parking • Overnight parking of buses, trucks, tourist buses, vans, water tankers, container Lorries etc along major roads will be discouraged. • Specific off-street parking facilities will be made available by the owners/operators of the vehicle for night-time parking or when the vehicles are not in use. Such vehicles will be discouraged from occupying the road space of the major roads for long-stay parking. • Overnight parking of private vehicles will be allowed on notified areas and such areas will be brought under the management of private service providers.

Ramps Inclination • An exterior location is preferred for ramps. Indoor ramps are not recommended because they take up a great deal of space. • Ramps can have one of the following configurations: Straight run .

• 90 turn . • Switch back .

Continued……………….

• Slope The maximum recommended slope of ramps is 1:20. Steeper slopes may be allowed in special cases depending on the length to be covered.

• If the topography or structure of the existing building is restrictive, minor variations of gradient are allowed as a function of the ramp length:

Multistage Parking Using The Embedded System • The µVision3 IDE offers numerous features and advantages that help you quickly and successfully develop embedded applications. They are easy to use and are guaranteed to help you achieve your design goals. • The µVision3 Simulator is the only debugger that completely simulates all on-chip peripherals. • Simulation capabilities may be expanded using the Advanced Simulation Interface (AGSI). • The Code Coverage feature of the µVision3 Simulator provides statistical analysis of your program's execution. • Safety-critical systems can be thoroughly tested and validated. Execution analysis reports can be viewed and printed for certification requirements.

Continued……. • Quickly access development tools and third-party tools. All configuration details are saved in the µVision3 project. • The same tool can be used for debugging and programming. No extra configuration time required. • Shortens your learning curve. • Mistakes in tool settings are practically eliminated and tool configuration time is minimized. The µVision3 screen provides you with a menu bar for command entry, a tool bar where you can rapidly select command buttons, and windows for source files, dialog boxes, and information displays. µVision3 lets you simultaneously open and view multiple source files.

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

Environmental • Parking should the compact city approach and promote the efficient use of the road space resource to achieve sustainability objectives (such as allocating road space for buses at peak times on appropriate routes, identifying spaces for the use of car sharing clubs and cycle parking) • The contribution that vehicles make to climate change is acknowledged. – transport s for 32% of the city’s CO2 emissions (with 78% of this figure being attributed to the private car), and

• measures are needed to mitigate this risk towards achieving a Carbon Neutral vision.

Social and Recreation • Parking plays an important role in ensuring that city communities have access to social infrastructure. Therefore adequate parking spaces at community facilities and destinations, at appropriate times and in appropriate locations should be provided • For some s of the transport network, the car is the most, and sometimes the only viable travel mode. It is necessary to recognize this and to make spaces available close to appropriate locations for these s, for example through Mobility Parking schemes.

STRATEGY MATRIX TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES

S. No

Policy Objective

Strategies

To relieve congestion on roads

• Banning of parking on the roads • Promotion of public transport • Live work Play concept – integrated model. • Regulated Mixed land use philosophy

2

To ensure the safety of the pedestrians

• Preventing the misuse of footpath for parking. • Ensuring that places for parking of vehicles are used for the purpose. • Clear demarcation between parking and pedestrian facilities through use of temporary and permanent structures

3

Safety and utilisation

• Create organised and regulated parking services to defined parking lots • Use appropriate engineering standards – lighting, security, shelter.

1

4

To prevent misuse of parking space

• Licensing of the Parking lots • Release the parking spaces which are being diverted for other uses. • Promote parking for short duration (hourly duration) • Permit only authorised vehicle parking certificate holders to park in designated lots.

S. No Policy Objective

Strategies

Parking facilities to help in mobility & transit.

• Parking lot at every intermodal transport point and at every metro station • Bus services need to be extended to all localities such that people are required to walk less than 250 m to access the transport.

6

To promote private participation in establishment of public parking facility

• Modify building byelaws to promote private and public parking lots • Promote establishment of private parking lots, both on grade as well as at multi level • Encourage land owners to establish facilities through tax, Transfer of Development right for viability. • Private land owners can be involved in development of Transport hubs, Bus stands, bus bays and truck terminals.

7

To use parking management as a tool to reduce the demand for private mode of Transport

• Device suitable policies to promote the use of public transport facilities. • Promote use of shared vehicles

8

Awareness & Education

• To identify “zero tolerance zones” for creating the sensitisation. Gradually this can be scaled to the entire city.

5

Policy conflicts

TRAFFIC REGULATION

1. Parking should be managed so that it s the City’s Strategic outcomes for economic development, urban development, transport, environmental, social and recreation, and cultural wellbeing. 2. Parking also has the equally important role of ing a better land transport system for the city that is integrated, safe, responsive and sustainable 3. Street space is a scarce resource and priority for use for parking needs to be considered against other uses and depends on the location, type of street, time of day and day of week

4. Revenue from parking needs to reflect the parking policy and the city’s strategic direction. Pricing is an effective tool in maintaining a certain level of availability of the on-street spaces. However, the price of a parking space needs to continue to recognize the cost of supplying and maintaining the road and street space asset. This should be communicated to the community to foster greater awareness and understanding of the rationale for charging for parking. • Effective management of Parking demand • Reduction of congestion especially at junctions, vantage points and nodes, to avoid the diversion of open (Public) utilitarian spaces for parking • Regulating the growth of vehicle numbers (by framing appropriate rules).

5. Progressively move away from the concept of using road space for parking of vehicles. 6. Adopt measures to enhance the services - the existing Sub optimal Public transport system needs up gradation allowing for easy mobility and less congestion. 7. Contain and regulate the addition and growth of vehicular traffic to the city by Legislation, fiscal disincentives and traffic management measures.

8. Identification of the zones in the city to be carried out to meet transportation demand, supply and parking infrastructure in a scientific manner. – Based on the land uses, intensity and socio-economic conditions, zones in the city will be delineated. The demand zone wise shall be assessed for estimating the parking demand and detailed plan for implementation drawn involving public & private participation. – Suitable Large public spaces such as Parks, Race Course, Play grounds, stadium and underutilized public amenities and land at select localities can be utilized for off-street parking through use of basements, underground parking structures. Care must be taken not to disturb the functioning of the space above.

9. Differentiation of parking demand – – The parking demand in the city is not homogenous, different types of commercial and private, public vehicles depending upon the size and purpose are to assessed before implementation of the policy.

10. Differential treatment of identified zones in the city: – Identified zones in city require differential treatment while according sanction, approvals, taxation, Transfer of Development rights. The detailing for the same will be carried out after studies and consultation.

11. Traffic restraining measures : – Limiting the upper cap of vehicles that can ply in the city. – Phasing out old vehicles which are more than 15 year old and non compliance to pollution norms. – Levy of fees for deterring vehicles entering/exiting the city. – Discourage and using fiscal measures avoid permanent parking of sick and unused vehicles occupying road space and other potential parking spaces – Introducing area licensing schemes where vehicles other than public transport vehicles are charged for entry into the area. – Earmarking the areas of the city into zones and restricting the entry and exit of vehicles into these zones during specific hours of the day.