Ppt On Textile Testing 14202j

PRESENTATION ON TEXTILE TESTING

SUBMITTED TO:DR.ASHVANI GOYAL MUNDHARA

SUBMITTED BY:KULDEEP 12TC107

PILLING AND ABRRASION TESTING

 Pilling:

A garment is considered to be serviceable when it is fit for its particular end use.  It

is a fabric surface fault characterized by little pills of entangled fibre clinging to the cloth surface and giving the garment anunsightly appearance.  Formed by rubbing action on loose fibres that are present on the fabric surface.

Stronger component in the blend aggravated its seriousness. Higher breaking strength and lower bending stiffness results more pill. Low twist factor, higher hairiness, and loose fabric structure results easy and large pills (knitwear)

MEASUREMENT OF FABRIC PILLING a) Objective method: Counting the number of pills or by removing and weighting them. Time consuming, also does not take into the degree of colour contrast with the ground.  b) Subjective method: By comparing it with either standard sample or with photograph or by the use of a written scale of severity.

Methods of Measurement: 1. ICI pilling box 2. Random tumbling pilling test 3. Pilling test by Martindale Abrasion Tester

1. ICI pilling box: A specimen (125 mm x 125 mm) is cut from fabric (2 for warp 2 for weft). Stitched face-to-face and turned inside out. The fabric tube is then mounted on rubber tubes. The loose ends taped with PVC tape. All the four samples are then tumbled together in a cork-lined box 9'' x 9'' x 9'' and allowed for required revolution cycle. The specimens are taken out and removed from rubber tube and rated. Also, pilling is mainly due to fibres with very high “lateral strength” or "bending strength" or “low

PILLING GRADES: Grade 5 No or very weak formation of pills. Grade 4 Weak formations of pills. Grade 3 Moderate formations of pills. Grade 2 Obvious formations of pills. Grade 1 Severe formation of pills.

Abrasion Resistance: Abrasion is the rubbing away of the component fibres and yarns of the fabric. Abrasion is of three types : Plain or flat abrasion - A flat area of material is abraded. Edge abrasion - Kind of abrasion which occurs at collars and folds. Flex abrasion - Rubbing is accompanied by flexing and bending.

2.Random tumbling pilling test: Random tumbling motion produced by tumbling specimen in a cylindrical test chamber lined with mildly abrasive material. To resemble the pills those with actual wear, small amount of cotton lint are added. Three specimen of 105 mm x 105 mm are cut an angle 45º to length and edges are sealed with rubber adhesive. All these samples along with cotton lint are tumbled in the test chamber. After certain time the fabric samples are assessed. The number and timing of the cycles depends on type of fabric being tested and would be laid down in the relevant specification.

3.Pilling test by Martindale Abrasion Tester: The specimens are mounted on large (bottom) and small (top) specimen holder. Then rubbed against each other (source sample). Two pressures are used : 2.5 cN/cm knitted fabric. 6.5 cN/cm for woven and upholstery fabric. In place of std. abradant, the fabric sample is placed in the lower holder. If the degree of pilling is different on the upper and lower holder, the upper specimen is assessed. The number and timing of the cycles depend on the type of fabric tested and would be laid down in the relevant specification.

FACTORS AFFECTING ABRASION RESISTANCE: 1. Fibre type: High elongation, elastic recovery, and work of rupture are considered to be more important factors. (Nylon polymer) Blending of nylon or polyester with wool or cotton improves abrasion resistance. 2. Yarn twist: Optimum twist increases the abrasion resistance. At low twist, fibres can come out and at high twist more abrasion due to stiffer yarn. 3. Fabric structure: If one set of yarn is predominantly on the surface then this set will wear most. Relative mobility of floats helps to absorb the stress.

Accelerator Abrasion Tester: The fabric specimen is driven by rotor inside a circular chamber lined with an abrasive cloth. The sample suffers abrasion by rubbing against itself as well as the linear. Evaluation is made by (i) weight loss, (ii) loss in grab strength. Size of specimen depends on GSM, after abrasion the specimen is taken out and any loose debris are removed and then wished % loss in weight is calculated. (ii) 100mm x 300mm specimen size. Folded 50mm from short edge and stitched to have 100mm x 100 mm specimen size. Folded edge is abraded. After abrasion the stitch is removed and the grab strength is measured.

The fabric specimen is driven by rotor inside a circular chamber lined with an abrasive cloth. The sample suffers abrasion by rubbing against itself as well as the liner. Evaluation is made by: (i) Weight loss: Size of specimen depends on g/m2. After abrasion the specimen is taken out and any loose debris are removed and then weighed. % loss in weight is calculated. (ii) Loss in grab strength: 100mm x 300mm specimen size. Cut in two pieces of 100mm x 150mm Folded 50mm from short edge and stitched to have 100 mm x 100 mm specimen size.

THANK YOU!!!!!!!!