Primary Data And Secondary Data 1k6c9

INTRODUCTION

Primary and Secondary Data

Objectives of this lesson: Primary and Secondary Data DEFINITION AND TYPES OF DATA DESCRIBE PRIMARY DATA,METHODE OF COLLECTION,MERIT AND DEMERIT. DESCRIBE SECONDARY DATA,SOURCE,MERIT AND DEMERIT CONCLUSION REFRENCE QUESTION AND ANSWER

TYPES OF DATA  DATA- Data is information in raw or unorganized form(such as alphabet, number or symbols) that refers to or represent ,ideas, object. data is limitless and present everywhere in the universe.  TYPES: PRIMARY DATA - collected by the researcher himself  SECONDARY DATA - collected by others to be "re-used" by the researcher

PRIMARY DATA Data that has been collected from first-handexperience is known as primary data. Primary data has not been published yet and is more reliable, authentic and objective. Primary data has not been changed or altered by human beings, therefore its validity is greater than secondary data

METHOD OF COLLECTION OF PRIMARY DATA A. Observation method B. Indirect Oral Interviews C. Questionnaire method D. Schedule Method E. From Local Agents F. Survey Method B.

A.

C.

A. DIRECT PERSONAL OBSEVATION

STRUCTURED UNSTRUCTURED PARTICIPATIVE NON -PARTICIPATIVE

INDIRECT ORAL INTERVIEW  Standardized interviews a. Structured b. Unstructured  Non-standardized interviews a. One to one 1.Face to face, 2.telephonic, 3.internet mediated interviews b. One to many(focus group)

Questionnaire method  Questionnaire- A questionnaire is a research

instrument consisting of a series of question and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondent.

Self istered questionnaire Interviewer -istered questionnaire Telephone questionnaire Delivery and questionnaire Postal or mail questionnaire

SURVEY  SURVEY- A detailed study of geographical area to gather data attitudes, impressions, opinions, satisfaction level etc., by polling a section of the population

 TYPE 1.CENSUS SURVEY 2.CONTINOUS OR REGULAR SURVEY 3.AD-HOC SURVEY

MERIT OF PRIMARY DATA  Degree of accuracy is quite high.  It does not require extra caution.  It depicts the data in great detail.  Primary source of data collection frequently includes definitions of various and units used.  For some investigations, secondary data are not available.

DEMERIT OF PRIMARY DATA  Collection of data requires a lot of time.  Requires lot of finance.  In some enquiries it is not possible to collect primary data.  Requires a lot of labour.  Requires a lot of skill.

SECONDARY DATA Data collected from a source that has already been published in any form is called as secondary data. The review of literature in any research is based on secondary data. Mostly from books, journals and periodicals.

SOURCE OF SECONDADRY DATA • Published printed source  Books  Journals/periodicals  Magazines/Newspapers

• Published Electronic Sources  e-journals  General websites  Weblogs

Contd………… • Unpublished Personal Records  Diaries  Letters • Government Records  Census Data/population statistics:  Health records  Educational institutes records

Contd…….. • Public Sector Records:  NGOs's survey data  Other private companies records

MERIT OF SECONDARY DATA MERIT OF DATA  Use is very convenient.  Saves time and finance.  In some enquiries primary data cannot be collected.  Reliable secondary data are generally available for many investigations.

DEMERIT OF SECONDARY SECONDARY DEMERIT OF DATA DATA  Very difficult to find sufficiently accurate secondary data.  Very difficult to find secondary data which exactly fulfils the need of present investigation.  Extra caution is required to use secondary data.  Not available for all types of enquiries.

EVALUATION OF SECONDARY DATA Because of the above mentioned disadvantages of secondary data, we will lead to evaluation of secondary data. Evaluation means the following four requirements must be satisfied: Availability- It has to be seen that the kind of data you want is available or not. If it is not available then you have to go for primary data.  Relevance- It should be meeting the requirements of the problem. For this we have two criterion: Units of measurement should be the same.  Concepts used must be same and currency of data should not be outdated.

 Accuracy- In order to find how accurate the data is, the following points must be considered:  Specification and methodology used;  Margin of error should be examined;  The dependability of the source must be seen.

 Sufficiency- Adequate data should be available.

CONCLUSION • Secondarydataareinformationpreviouslygatheredforadif ferentpurposethatmayberelevanttotheproblemathand. • Secondarydatacancomefromsourcesinternaltotheorgani zationorexternal. • Theinternetandsyndicatedfirmshave,inmanyways,enabl edthegatheringofsecondarydata. • Secondarydataaregenerallyuseful,lowcost,rapidlyavailablesourcesofinformation. • Always look for secondary data first •