Profibus - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia 485013

Profibus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

PROFIBUS (Process Field Bus) is a standard for fieldbus communication in automation technology and was first promoted in 1989 by BMBF (German department of education and research) and then used by Siemens. It should not be confused with the PROFINET standard for Industrial Ethernet. PROFIBUS is neither an openly published nor a royalty-free protocol, as opposed to MODBUS.

PROFIBUS Protocol Information Type of Network

Device Bus, Process Control

Physical Media

Twisted pair, fiber

Network Topology

Bus

Device Addressing

DIP Switch or hardware/software

2.1 Application layer

Governing Body

PROFIBUS&PROFINET International (PI)

2.2 Security layer

Website

www.profibus.com (http://www.profibus.com/)

Contents 1 Origin 2 Technology

2.3 Bit-transmission layer 3 Profiles 4 Standardization 5 Organization 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

Origin

Profibus electrical connector

The history of PROFIBUS goes back to a publicly promoted plan for an association which started in in 1986 and for which 21 companies and institutes devised a master project plan called "fieldbus". The goal was to implement and spread the use of a bit-serial field bus based on the basic requirements of the field device interfaces. For this purpose, member companies agreed to a common technical concept for production (i.e. discrete or factory automation) and process automation. First, the complex communication protocol Profibus FMS (Field bus Message Specification), which was tailored for demanding communication tasks, was specified. Subsequently in 1993, the specification for the simpler and thus considerably faster protocol PROFIBUS DP (Decentralized Peripherals) was completed. Profibus FMS is used for (non deterministic) communication of data between Profibus Masters. Profibus DP is a protocol made for (deterministic) communication between Profibus masters and their remote I/O slaves. There are two variations of PROFIBUS in use today; the most commonly used PROFIBUS DP, and the lesser used, application specific, PROFIBUS PA: PROFIBUS DP (Decentralized Peripherals) is used to operate sensors and actuators via a centralized controller in production (factory) automation applications. The many standard diagnostic options, in particular, are focused on here. PROFIBUS PA (Process Automation) is used to monitor measuring equipment via a process control system in process automation applications. This variant is designed for use in explosion/hazardous areas (Ex-zone 0 and 1). The Physical Layer (i.e. the cable) conforms to IEC 61158-2, which allows power to be delivered over the bus to

field instruments, while limiting current flows so that explosive conditions are not created, even if a malfunction occurs. The number of devices attached to a PA segment is limited by this feature. PA has a data transmission rate of 31.25 kbit/s. However, PA uses the same protocol as DP, and can be linked to a DP network using a coupler device. The much faster DP acts as a backbone network for transmitting process signals to the controller. This means that DP and PA can work tightly together, especially in hybrid applications where process and factory automation networks operate side by side. In excess of 30 million PROFIBUS nodes were installed by the end of 2009. 5 million of these are in the process industries.

Technology PROFIBUS Protocol (OSI reference model) OSI-Layer

PROFIBUS

7 Application DPV0 DPV1 DPV2 6 Presentation 5

Session

--

4 Transport

Management

3 Network 2 Data Link 1

Physical

FDL EIA-485 Optical MBP

Application layer To utilize these functions, various service levels of the DP protocol were defined: DP-V0 for cyclic exchange of data and diagnosis DP-V1 for acyclic and cyclic data exchange and alarm handling DP-V2 for isochronous mode and data exchange broadcast (slave-to-slave communication)

Security layer The security layer FDL (Field bus Data Link) works with a hybrid access method that combines token ing with a master-slave method. In a PROFIBUS DP network, the controllers or process control systems are the masters and the sensors and actuators are the slaves. Various telegram types are used. They can be differentiated by their start delimiter (SD): No data: SD1 = 0x10 SD1 DA SA FC FCS ED Variable length data: SD2 = 0x68 SD2 LE LEr SD2 DA SA FC DSAP SSAP PDU FCS ED

Fixed length data: SD3 = 0xA2 SD3 DA SA FC PDU FCS ED Token: SD4 = 0xDC SD4 DA SA ED Brief acknowledgement: SC = 0xE5 SC SD: Start Delimiter LE: Length of protocol data unit, (incl. DA,SA,FC,DSAP,SSAP) LEr: Repetition of protocol data unit, (Hamming distance = 4) FC: Function Code DA: Destination Address SA: Source Address DSAP: Destination Service Access Point SSAP: Source Service Access Point SAP (Decimal)

SERVICE

Default 0

Cyclical Data Exchange (Write_Read_Data)

54

Master-to-Master SAP (M-M Communication)

55

Change Station Address (Set_Slave_Add)

56

Read Inputs (Rd_Inp)

57

Read Outputs (Rd_Outp)

58

Control Commands to a DP Slave (Global_Control)

59

Read Configuration Data (Get_Cfg)

60

Read Diagnostic Data (Slave_Diagnosis)

61

Send Parameterization Data (Set_Prm)

62

Check Configuration Data (Chk_Cfg)

Note: SAP55 is optional and may be disabled if the slave doesn't provide non-volatile storage memory for the station address. PDU: Protocol Data Unit (protocol data) FCS: Frame Checking Sequence

ED: End Delimiter (= 0x16 !) The FCS is calculated by simply adding up the bytes within the specified length. An overflow is ignored here. Each byte is saved with an even parity and transferred asynchronously with a start and stop bit. There may not be a pause between a stop bit and the following start bit when the bytes of a telegram are transmitted. The master signals the start of a new telegram with a SYN pause of at least 33 bits (logical "1" = bus idle).

Bit-transmission layer Three different methods are specified for the bit-transmission layer: With electrical transmission pursuant to EIA-485, twisted pair cables with impedances of 150 ohms are used in a bus topology. Bit rates from 9.6 kbit/s to 12 Mbit/s can be used. The cable length between two repeaters is limited from 100 to 1200 m, depending on the bit rate used. This transmission method is primarily used with PROFIBUS DP. With optical transmission via fiber optics, star-, bus- and ring-topologies are used. The distance between the repeaters can be up to 15 km. The ring topology can also be executed redundantly. With MBP (Manchester Bus Powered) transmission technology, data and field bus power are fed through the same cable. The power can be reduced in such a way that use in explosion-hazardous environments is possible. The bus topology can be up to 1900 m long and permits branching to field devices (max. 60 m branches). The bit rate here is a fixed 31.25 kbit/s. This technology was specially established for use in process automation for PROFIBUS PA. For data transfer via sliding s for mobile devices or optical or radio data transmission in open spaces, products from various manufacturers can be obtained, however they do not conform to any standard. PROFIBUS DP uses two core screened cable with a violet sheath, and runs at speeds between 9.6kbit/s and 12Mbit/s. A particular speed can be chosen for a network to give enough time for communication with all the devices present in the network. If systems change slowly then lower communication speed is suitable and if the systems change quickly then effective communication will happen through faster speed. The RS485 balanced transmission used in PROFIBUS DP only allows 32 devices to be connected at once however more devices can be connected or the network expanded with the use of hubs or repeaters. PROFIBUS PA is slower than PROFIBUS DP and runs at fixed speed of 31.2kbit/s via blue sheathed two core screened cable. The communication may be initiated to minimise the risk of explosion or for the systems that intrinsically need safe equipment. The message formats in PROFIBUS PA are identical to PROFIBUS DP. Note: PROFIBUS DP and PROFIBUS PA should not be confused with PROFINET.

Profiles Profiles are pre-defined configurations of the functions and features available from PROFIBUS for use in specific devices or applications. They are specified by PI working groups and published by PI. Profiles are important for openness, interoperability and interchangeability, so that the end can be sure that similar equipments from different vendors perform in a standardised way. choice also encourages competition that drives vendors towards enhanced performance and lower costs. There are PROFIBUS profiles for Encoders, Laboratory instruments, Intelligent pumps, Robots and Numerically Controlled machines, for example. Profiles also exist for applications such as using HART and wireless with PROFIBUS, and process automation devices via PROFIBUS PA. Other profiles have been specified for Motion Control (PROFIdrive) and Functional Safety (PROFIsafe).

Standardization

PROFIBUS was defined in 1991/1993 in DIN 19245, was then included in EN 50170 in 1996 and, since 1999, established in IEC 61158/IEC 61784.

Organization The PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation e.V. (PROFIBUS Organization, or PNO) was created in 1989. This group was composed mainly of manufacturers and s from Europe. In 1992, the first regional PROFIBUS organization was founded (PROFIBUS Schweiz in Switzerland). In the following years, additional Regional PROFIBUS & PROFINET Associations (RPAs) were added. In 1995, all the RPAs ed together under the international umbrella association PROFIBUS & PROFINET International (PI). Today, PROFIBUS is represented by 25 RPAs around the world (including PNO) with over 1400 , including most if not all major automation vendors and service suppliers, along with many end s.

See also Fieldbus List of automation protocols

References [1] (http://www.profibus.com/nc/s/s/profibus-technology-and-application-systemdescription/display/) PROFIBUS system description J. Weigmann, G. Kilian: Decentralization with PROFIBUS DP/DPV1, ISBN 978-3-89578-218-3 M. Felser: PROFIBUS Manual, A collection of information explaining PROFIBUS networks assembled by Prof. Max Felser, ISBN 978-3-8442-1435-2

External links PROFIBUS & PROFINET International (http://www.profibus.com) PROFIBUS Manual by Prof. Max Felser - on-line version (http://profibus.felser.ch/en/) Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Profibus&oldid=607725494" Categories: Automation Industrial computing Production and manufacturing Serial buses Industrial automation This page was last modified on 9 May 2014 at 03:21. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional may apply. By using this site, you agree to the of Use and . Wikipedia® is a ed trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.