Propane Stimulation In Schist Gas Extraction 4ny42

EcorpStim ( eCORP Stimulation Technologies), a subsidiary of eCORP group intends to show a video to the stimulation associated with its latest technological innovation Pure Propane, is “a reliable, effective and operational alternative " hydraulic fracturing. Not using water or chemical additives, the proposed technology is called ecorpStim Stimulation NFP (Non Flammable Propane) or French Stimulation Propane Non- Flammable. This technology, developed in 2013 by R & D teams of ecorpStim in Houston, Texas (USA) stimulation is to use a form of fluorinated propane (heptafluoropropane) for the stimulation phase. Thus, this option should be operational and be a demonstration on the ground by the end of 2014. For ecorpStim, use this substance, also used as a propellant for aerosol pharmaceutical products (inhalers) eliminate the risk of flammability classic propane, and do not pose health risks. Like the pure propane, heptafluoropropane is recovered in gaseous form at the outlet of the well, to be reused. This use of closed circuit must avoid the release of gases into the atmosphere, also a prerequisite for the economic viability of the process. The benefits (src: ecorpStim)? 1 - Remove the use of water and problems of reprocessing "Stimulation propane saves the use of millions of m3 of water per well, since this technique does not require a single drop of water. This non-use of water, in particular avoids any use conflicts with agriculture, today decried the United States. Moreover, the issue of reprocessing of large amounts of polluted water after hydraulic fracturing operations does not arise in the case of propane stimulation. The seismic risk of the injection water used in the basement is also avoided. " 2 - Almost complete recovery of propane injected "While in hydraulic fracturing is only recovers 30-80% of the water in the propane stimulation, the injected gas is almost fully recovered (between 95 and 100%) and due to the low vapor pressure of propane. Propane recovered and can be sold as such (i.e. direct insertion into the pipeline), or used for further stimulation propane. Means that the propane stimulation allows to achieve a closed-loop process. " 3 - A chemical formula without adjuvants "Hydraulic fracturing requires the addition of additives (biocides, lubricants, and surfactants) sometimes considered carcinogens. Use of propane rather than water, but also to research by ecorpStim allows today to its additives and injecting a solution only. From pure propane (or butane and / or pentane for certain types of rock), prop pants (sand and / or carbon fullerenes)” 4 - Less equipment for a platform to reduced surface "The stimulation technology developed by pure propane ecorpStim requires a reduced number of on-site equipment. Surface of the platform is reduced accordingly. Failure to use water, but also recovery / reuse of propane, reduces the number of trucks required to transport (transport and reprocessing). ponds or water storage tanks are no longer required to ecorpStim optimized

processes, consisting of successive injections of small amounts of propane, finally help minimize LPG storage on site and thus to meet European safety requirements. " 5 - Reducing emissions of greenhouse gases "The amount of propane required for the propane is much less stimulation than the amount of water used for hydraulic fracturing (since the density of the liquid propane is half that of water). The use of propane thus makes it possible reduce the carbon footprint of transport, decreasing 80% ballet trucks suppose supply thousand m3 of water and transport for reprocessing in the case of hydraulic fracturing. " "Deleting flares surface: In case the injected propane is reused (recovery and re-compression to liquid form), flaring surface is drastically reduced (90%) In addition, if the methane and. ethane products are re-injected into pipelines, flaring can be completely avoided. This avoids the emission of thousands of tons of CO2 into the atmosphere. " 6 - Strengthening the security of the well “One criticism sometimes made against hydraulic fracturing is the possibility of leakage from wells, particularly during the ascent of the fracturing fluid to the surface. In the case of propane stimulation, the well is used for a particular model. Since the volume required for the age of the propane that is 1/10th to 1/30th of that required for the water in the hydraulic fracturing technique, it is possible to add an additional tube, insulated by a space ring, filled with nitrogen. This greatly reduces the risk of vibrations against the formwork during the stimulation phase. Moreover, sensors are installed in and around the well to report in real time any abnormality during the successive stages process (drilling, stimulation, production). This additional casing and precautions employed make it impossible leakage of gas / sand mixture. " 7 - Increased efficiency “The first field trials have shown that the method developed by ecorpStim is more efficient than hydraulic fracturing This technology has particular advantages in of costs. Reducing the required surface, the number of devices, volumes fluids, as well as the time required to achieve stimulation (between 1/3 and 1/10th). Should also be noted that the use of propane allows for more regular and deep fractures. It also helps achieve a recovery of natural gas equal or higher : improving the penetration of the fluid ( lower surface tension and lower viscosity ) , cleaning (clean -up) , and reducing the rate of obstruction ( evacuation facilitated by ing the gas phase propane .) the fact that many companies ( first small independent operators , major oil companies now ) have adopted propane stimulation is concrete evidence of the effectiveness of technology in financial . " 8 - Seismic risk reduction "The risk of seismicity was primarily due to injection into underground water fracturing wastewater. Yet this issue of the reprocessing of contaminated water does not arise for technical without water. Moreover, fracturing hydraulic triggered two earthquakes in May 2011 in Blackpool (UK). The investigation by the British authorities concluded that the tremors were caused by lubricating an existing fault plane, because of involuntary propagation fracturing fluid in the basement. It may also indicate that these mini- earthquakes do not endanger humans or surrounding buildings. regarding

the extraction of shale gas in general, seismicity problems can be fully resolved by the application of good practice: Reduction of infusion rate or total abandonment operations on the rocks identified as potentially dangerous property upstream protocols defining how operations must be modified if a risk seismicity is detected en route, Installation of sensors around the " Logging" injection zone, horizontal galleries. "