Reaktor Kimia 44h46
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Bahan Ajar Reaktor Kimia
HKKK 641
DAFTAR ISI Halaman
KATA PENGANTAR........................................................................ DAFTAR ISI......................................................................................
i ii
BAB I.
TIPE DAN JENIS REAKTOR........................................ 1.1. Tujuan Pemilihan Reaktor.......................................... 1.2. Pengaruh Pemilihan Jenis Reaktor............................. 1.3. Jenis-jenis Reaktor.....................................................
I I-1 I-1 I-1
BAB II.
REAKTOR ISOTHERMAL............................................ 2.1. Tipe Reaktor............................................................... 2.1.1. Reaktor Differensial...................................... 2.1.2. Reaktor CSTR............................................... 2.1.3. Reaktor Integral............................................. 2.1.4. Reaktor Batch Berpengaduk.......................... 2.1.5. Reaktor SCSR............................................... 2.1.6. Reaktor Transport.......................................... 2.1.7. Reaktor Transport dengan resirkulasi............ 2.2. Reaktor Isothermal Tunggal....................................... 2.2.1. Reaktor Batch................................................ 2.2.2. RATB............................................................ 2.2.3. Reaktor Alir bentuk pipa (Reaktor Integral, Tubular, Plug Flow)...................................... ...............................................................II-19 2.2.4. Hubungan antara konversi dengan panjang reaktor........................................................... ...............................................................II-26 2.3. Perbandingan Volume MFR Dengan PFR................. 2.4. Reaktor PFR Dengan Aliran Balik............................. 2.5. Penurunan Tekanan Dalam Reaktor........................... 2.6. Aliran melalui packed bed..........................................
II II-1 II-2 II-3 II-4 II-7 II-9 II-9 II-11 II-12 II-12 II-14
BAB III. REAKTOR NON-ISOTHERMAL.................................. 3.1. Pendahuluan............................................................... 3.2. Pengaruh suhu pada laju reaksi.................................. 3.3.1. Reaksi irrreversibel....................................... 3.3.2. Reaksi reversibel endotermik........................ 3.3.3. Reaksi reversibel eksotermik......................... 3.3. Persamaan neraca panas.............................................
III III-1 III-2 III-2 III-3 III-4 III-5
Daftar Isi
II-27 II-31 II-35 II-36
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Bahan Ajar Reaktor Kimia
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BAB IV. REAKTOR-REAKTOR IDEAL TUNGGAL................ IV 4.1. Reaktor Batch............................................................. IV-3 4.2. Waktu lewat (Space time) dan kecepatan ruang (Space velocity).......................................................... IV-5 4.3. Reaktor teraduk sempurna.......................................... IV-7 4.4. Reaktor alir tipe piston (Plug Flow Reactor)............. IV-15 4.5. Holding time dan space time untuk sistem yang lambat ...................................................................... IV-24 BAB V.
REAKTOR ALIRAN NON IDEAL................................ V 5.1. Pendahuluan............................................................... V-1 5.2. Distribusi waktu tinggal fluida dalam reaktorV-3...... V-1 5.3. Karakteristik kurva RTD............................................ V-4 5.4. Distribusi waktu tinggal (RTD) dari reaktor ideal...... V-5 5.5. Distribusi waktu tinggal (RTD) dari reaktor nonideal ...................................................................... V-7 5.6. Pengukuran RTD........................................................ V-8 5.7. Konversi dalam reaktor alir non-ideal........................ V-14 5.8. Model-model untuk aliran non-ideal.......................... V-15
BAB VI. REAKTOR KATALITIK................................................ 6.1. Peran katalis dalam reaksi kimia................................ 6.1.1. Sifat termodinamika reaksi............................ 6.1.2. Sifat Kinetika Reaksi..................................... 6.2. Katalis homogen dan heterogen................................. 6.3. Tahap reaksi katalitik heterogen................................. 6.4. Persamaan kinetika heterogen.................................... 6.4.1. Reaksi permukaan dan difusi intra-partikel... ...............................................................VI-7 6.4.2. Partikel katalis berpori................................... 6.5. Persamaan disain reaktor katalitik.............................. 6.6. Reaktor untuk eksperimen..........................................
VI VI-1 VI-1 VI-2 VI-5 VI-5 VI-7 VI-11 VI-16 VI-17
BAB VII. REAKTOR GAS-CAIR................................................... VII 7.1. Pendahuluan............................................................... VII-1 7.2. Persamaan Laju.......................................................... VII-3 7.2.1. Persamaan Laju Perpindahan Massa (Absorpsi A).................................................. ..............................................................VII-4
Daftar Isi
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7.2.2.
Persamaan Laju Perpindahan Massa dan reaksi kimia................................................... ..............................................................VII-5 7.2.3. Persamaan kecepatan untuk regim A dan B. . ..............................................................VII-6 7.2.4. Persamaan kecepatan untuk Regim C dan D. ..............................................................VII-9 7.2.5. Persamaan kecepatan untuk Regim E dan F. . ............................................................VII-10 7.2.6. Persamaan kecepatan untuk Regim G........... ............................................................VII-11 7.2.7. Persamaan kecepatan untuk Regim H........... ............................................................VII-12 7.3. Penentuan Regim Reaksi............................................ VII-12 7.4. Pemilihan Tipe Reaktor.............................................. VII-15 DAFTAR PUSTAKA..................................................................
v
LAMPIRAN ...................................................................... Kontrak Perkuliahan
vi
Daftar Isi
iv
HKKK 641
DAFTAR ISI Halaman
KATA PENGANTAR........................................................................ DAFTAR ISI......................................................................................
i ii
BAB I.
TIPE DAN JENIS REAKTOR........................................ 1.1. Tujuan Pemilihan Reaktor.......................................... 1.2. Pengaruh Pemilihan Jenis Reaktor............................. 1.3. Jenis-jenis Reaktor.....................................................
I I-1 I-1 I-1
BAB II.
REAKTOR ISOTHERMAL............................................ 2.1. Tipe Reaktor............................................................... 2.1.1. Reaktor Differensial...................................... 2.1.2. Reaktor CSTR............................................... 2.1.3. Reaktor Integral............................................. 2.1.4. Reaktor Batch Berpengaduk.......................... 2.1.5. Reaktor SCSR............................................... 2.1.6. Reaktor Transport.......................................... 2.1.7. Reaktor Transport dengan resirkulasi............ 2.2. Reaktor Isothermal Tunggal....................................... 2.2.1. Reaktor Batch................................................ 2.2.2. RATB............................................................ 2.2.3. Reaktor Alir bentuk pipa (Reaktor Integral, Tubular, Plug Flow)...................................... ...............................................................II-19 2.2.4. Hubungan antara konversi dengan panjang reaktor........................................................... ...............................................................II-26 2.3. Perbandingan Volume MFR Dengan PFR................. 2.4. Reaktor PFR Dengan Aliran Balik............................. 2.5. Penurunan Tekanan Dalam Reaktor........................... 2.6. Aliran melalui packed bed..........................................
II II-1 II-2 II-3 II-4 II-7 II-9 II-9 II-11 II-12 II-12 II-14
BAB III. REAKTOR NON-ISOTHERMAL.................................. 3.1. Pendahuluan............................................................... 3.2. Pengaruh suhu pada laju reaksi.................................. 3.3.1. Reaksi irrreversibel....................................... 3.3.2. Reaksi reversibel endotermik........................ 3.3.3. Reaksi reversibel eksotermik......................... 3.3. Persamaan neraca panas.............................................
III III-1 III-2 III-2 III-3 III-4 III-5
Daftar Isi
II-27 II-31 II-35 II-36
ii
Bahan Ajar Reaktor Kimia
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BAB IV. REAKTOR-REAKTOR IDEAL TUNGGAL................ IV 4.1. Reaktor Batch............................................................. IV-3 4.2. Waktu lewat (Space time) dan kecepatan ruang (Space velocity).......................................................... IV-5 4.3. Reaktor teraduk sempurna.......................................... IV-7 4.4. Reaktor alir tipe piston (Plug Flow Reactor)............. IV-15 4.5. Holding time dan space time untuk sistem yang lambat ...................................................................... IV-24 BAB V.
REAKTOR ALIRAN NON IDEAL................................ V 5.1. Pendahuluan............................................................... V-1 5.2. Distribusi waktu tinggal fluida dalam reaktorV-3...... V-1 5.3. Karakteristik kurva RTD............................................ V-4 5.4. Distribusi waktu tinggal (RTD) dari reaktor ideal...... V-5 5.5. Distribusi waktu tinggal (RTD) dari reaktor nonideal ...................................................................... V-7 5.6. Pengukuran RTD........................................................ V-8 5.7. Konversi dalam reaktor alir non-ideal........................ V-14 5.8. Model-model untuk aliran non-ideal.......................... V-15
BAB VI. REAKTOR KATALITIK................................................ 6.1. Peran katalis dalam reaksi kimia................................ 6.1.1. Sifat termodinamika reaksi............................ 6.1.2. Sifat Kinetika Reaksi..................................... 6.2. Katalis homogen dan heterogen................................. 6.3. Tahap reaksi katalitik heterogen................................. 6.4. Persamaan kinetika heterogen.................................... 6.4.1. Reaksi permukaan dan difusi intra-partikel... ...............................................................VI-7 6.4.2. Partikel katalis berpori................................... 6.5. Persamaan disain reaktor katalitik.............................. 6.6. Reaktor untuk eksperimen..........................................
VI VI-1 VI-1 VI-2 VI-5 VI-5 VI-7 VI-11 VI-16 VI-17
BAB VII. REAKTOR GAS-CAIR................................................... VII 7.1. Pendahuluan............................................................... VII-1 7.2. Persamaan Laju.......................................................... VII-3 7.2.1. Persamaan Laju Perpindahan Massa (Absorpsi A).................................................. ..............................................................VII-4
Daftar Isi
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Bahan Ajar Reaktor Kimia
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7.2.2.
Persamaan Laju Perpindahan Massa dan reaksi kimia................................................... ..............................................................VII-5 7.2.3. Persamaan kecepatan untuk regim A dan B. . ..............................................................VII-6 7.2.4. Persamaan kecepatan untuk Regim C dan D. ..............................................................VII-9 7.2.5. Persamaan kecepatan untuk Regim E dan F. . ............................................................VII-10 7.2.6. Persamaan kecepatan untuk Regim G........... ............................................................VII-11 7.2.7. Persamaan kecepatan untuk Regim H........... ............................................................VII-12 7.3. Penentuan Regim Reaksi............................................ VII-12 7.4. Pemilihan Tipe Reaktor.............................................. VII-15 DAFTAR PUSTAKA..................................................................
v
LAMPIRAN ...................................................................... Kontrak Perkuliahan
vi
Daftar Isi
iv
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