Reviewer Part 1 u5m2j

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Part I – Multiple Choice. Write the letter(s) that corresponds to your best choice in your answer sheet. If ever none of the choices is right, write the correct answer. 1. A student knows that the examination week is approaching, but instead of studying, he chose to spend his time playing computer games. On the examination day itself, He opted to pray for miracles rather than studying. Which attitude towards religion is displayed? Miracles rather than studying which attitude towards religion is displayed? A. Religion as Fake C. Religion as authentic B. Religion as Magic D. Religion as real 2. ___ is/are used as medium/media of instruction in schools during the Spanish era. A. The vernacular C. Spanish B. English D. Spanish and the vernacular 3. The use of the integrated approach in both secondary and primary level subjects is a result of the implementation of the _____. A. Program for Decentralized Education C. Basic Education Curriculum, B. School- based management D. School First Initiative 4. What government program allows students who are not accommodated in community public schools to enroll in private school at the government’s expense? A. Government Assistance Program C. Educational Service Contract System, B. Study now Pay later D. National Scholarship Program 5. _____was the 1980’s foremost educational issue. A. Bilingual Education B. Values Education

C. ability D. Mainstreaming

6. The government’s educational program on _____made the Philippine Education Placement Test accessible for adults and out-of-school-youth. A. Equitable Access C. Quality and relevance B. Quality D. Relevance 7. College students are required to take a constitution course for them to ____. A. Develop students into responsible and thinking students. B. Acquaint students with the historical development of the Philippine Constitution C. Make students experts in of Philippine Constitution D. Prepare the students for law making. 8. _____ s equitable access but on the other hand, quality might be compromised. A. Open ission C. Deregulated tuition fee hike B. School accreditation D. Selective retention 9. Educational institutions’ effort of developing work skills inside the school are aimed at _____. A. Developing moral character C. Inculcating love of country B. Teaching the duties of citizenship D. Developing vocational efficiency 10. In Piaget’s concrete operational stage, a teacher should provide ____. A. Activities for hypothesis formulation B. Learning activities that involve problems of classification and order C. Activities for evaluation purposes. D. Stimulating environment with ample objects to play with 11. Interpersonal intelligence is best shown by a student who ____. A. Works on his/her own B. Keeps interest to himself/herself C. Seeks out a classmate for help when problem occurs D. Spends time meditating 12. A student is finding it hard to read. When the guidance counselor traced the child’s history, the counselor was able to find out that the student came a dysfunctional family, aside from that, the child was abused and neglected. What could have caused the student’s reading disability? A. Emotional factors C. Neurological factors B. Poor teaching D. Immaturity

Page 2 of 28 13. A child was punished for cheating in an exam. For sure the child wont cheat again in short span of time, but this does not guarantee that the child won’t cheat ever again Based on Thorndike’s theory on punishment and learning, this shows that______. A. Punishment strengthens a response C. Punishment doesn’t remove a response B. Punishment removes response D. Punishment weakens a response 14. Laughing at a two-year old child who uttered a bad word is not a proper thing to do because in this stage of the child’s life, the child is______ A. Considering the views of other C. Socializing B. Distinguishing sex differences D. Distinguishing right from wrong 15. “Men are built not born.” This quotation by John Watson states that______. A. The ineffectiveness of training on a person’s development B. The effect of environmental stimulation on a person’s development C. The absence of genetic influence on a person’s development D. The effect of heredity 16. A child who is cold towards the people around him might have failed to attain what basic goal based on Erikson’s theory on psychological development? A. Autonomy C. Initiative B. Trust D. Mistrust 17. A boy is closer to his mother and a girl is closer to her father. These instances are under ______. A. Oedipal Complex C. Phallic stage B. Latent stage D. Pre-genital stage 18. ______ are rights that cannot be renounced because they needed for a person to fulfill his/her primordial o bligations. A. Perfect rights C. Acquired rights B. Alienable rights D. Inalienable rights 19. A grade 1 pupil likes to play with his friends, but gets angry when defeated. Piaget’s theory states that this pupil is under what developmental stage? A. Concrete operation C. Formal Operation B. Sensor motor D. Pre-operation 20. Which describes Philippine education during the Spanish regime? A. Establishment of a normal school C. Vernacular as medium of instruction B. Separation of church and state D. Emphasis on religious instruction 21. Some Filipino teachers are sent abroad to study. We call them_____. A. Insulares C. Peninsulares B. Pensionados D. Reformists 22. Jose Rizal said that national redemption can be achieved by ______. A. Gaining economic recovery B. Stabilizing political situation C. Opening our doors to foreign influence D. Upgrading the quality of the Filipinos through education 23. A foreign who studying here in the Philippines was turned-off by the Filipinos’ lack of punctuality and poor word choice A. Ethnocentrism C. Xenocentrism B. Colonial mentality Culture shock 24. If you are a wise voter, you would vote ____. A. A candidate who has the making of a public servant B. A neighbor who is closest to you in times of need C. A candidate who helped you by giving cash D. A godfather who gave your father a job 25. A pregnant, unmarried woman aborted her baby to avoid disgrace. Is she morally justified to do that? A. No, the unborn child cannot be made to suffer the consequences of the sins of his/her parents. B. Yes, it can save her and the child from disgrace when he grows up. C. No, abortion is immoral.

Page 3 of 28 D. Yes, it is better to prevent the child from coming into the world who will suffer very much due to the absence of a father 26. This constitutional provision is the full and partial integration of the capable deaf and blind students in the classroom. A. Creating scholarship for poor and deserving students. B. Academic freedom C. Providing citizenship and vocational training to adult citizens and out-of-school youths. D. Protecting and promoting the right of all citizens to quality education. 27. The difference between Christian and Muslim marriage, the former being monogamous and the later being polygamous is called _____. A. Ethical Relativism C. Acculturation B. Enculturation D. Cultural relativism 28. A perfect duty is exemplified: A. ing a poor but deserving student school. C. Donating an amount for noble project. B. Paying the worker the wages agreed upon. D. Giving alms to the needy 29. Teachers are tasked with so many things to do aside from teaching. Sometimes these tasks adversely affect their teaching. Does this mean that teachers should be only preoccupied with teaching? A. Yes, if they are given other assignments justice demands that they be properly compensated. B. No, because every teacher is expected to provide leadership and initiative in activities for betterment of communities. C. Yes, because other community leaders, not teachers, are tasked to lead in community activities D. Yes, because teaching is enough full time job. 30. The brain’s left hemisphere is involved in _____function. A. Intuitive B. Visual

C. Nonverbal D. Logical

31. The Professional Teachers Code of Ethics does not cover ____. A. Teachers in the tertiary level B. All full time or part time public and private school teachers and s C. Teachers in all educational institutions at the pre-school, elementary and secondary levels. D. Teachers of academic, vocational, special, technical or non-formal institutions 32. _____ is the start of Education in human rights. A. Loving others B. Liking others

C. Caring for others D. Respects towards others

33. This is the objective of the continuous progression scheme that was introduced in the elementary level in the school year 1970 to 1971. A. Mastery of three r’s C. Mass promotion B. Pupils progression according to capacity D. Access to education 34. Schema theory states that: A. We learn by the process of conditioning B. We are ive learners C. We organize what we learn according to patterns D. We are totally conditioned by our environment. 35. If one asked to develop himself to the fullest, what need is he trying to satisfy according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? A. Safety needs C. Belongingness B. Physiological needs D. Self-actualization 36. Fear of something that was caused by a painful experiences in the past is an example of: A. Insight C. Operant conditioning B. Classical conditioning D. Imitation 37. Filipinization is violated if: A. B. C. D.

An educational institution is owned by a corporation of which 40% of the capital is owned by Filipino Citizens. An educational institution owned by a religious order An American serving as president of the educational institution. An Educational institution owned by a charitable institution.

Page 4 of 28 38. Education during the American regime can be characterized as: A. Religious C. Filipinistic B. Centralized D. Decentralized B – During American regime, the educational system is centralized. 39. According to the Republic Act 7836 the licensure exam for teachers is with: A. CHED C. DECS B. PRC D. Civil Service Commission 40. Libel violates what particular human rights? A. The right to one’s own life B. The right to one’s honor

C. The right to make a livelihood D. The right to property

41. We owe today’s widespread Philippine educational system to: A. The first Filipino political leaders C. The Japanese B. The Americans D. The Spaniards 42. Thomasites are: A. The soldiers who doubted the success of the public educational system to be set in the Philippines B. The first American teacher recruits to help establish the public educational system in the Philippine s. C. The first religious group who came to the Philippines on board the US transport named Thomas. D. The devotees of St. Thomas Aquinas who came to evangelize. 43. During the American regime, they named the American soldiers, who were recruited to help set the pu blic educational system, as Thomasites because: A. They arrived here during the feast of St. Thomas B. They first taught at UST C. They were devotees of St. Thomas Aquinas D. They disembarked from the CIS Transport called Thomas 44. The following functions are done by the brain’s right hemisphere except: A. Nonverbal functions C. Detail-oriented function B. Intuitive functions D. Visual function 45. The right brain involves _____ functions. A. Visual. Intuitive, Logical B. Visual, Intuitive, Nonverbal

C. Visual, Nonverbal, Logical D. Visual, Logical, Detail-oriented

46. This is a Filipino trait that involves practicing values in different regions and social groups. A. Crab mentality C. Procrastination B. “Kanya-kanya” mentality D. Existential intelligence 47. In the Philippine culture, the term “bahala na” implies: A. Lack of self reliance B. Willingness to take risks

C. Lack of foresight D. Indolence

48. Who is the forerunner of the presence of the Language Acquisition Device? A. Watson C. Chomsky B. Gardner D. Piaget 49. A teacher rewards a child for doing things correctly. This technique is called: A. Conditioning C. Chaining B. Fading D. Reinforcement 50. Erikson said that children aged 3-5 is most likely: A. Mischievous B. Ego-centric

C. Lazy D. Altruistic

51. Erikson labeled children who are two years of age as “terrible two” because_____. A. They are inquisitive C. they Are playful B. They are sickly D. They are assertive 52. A person who is friendly and has a capacity to make people laugh possess:

Page 5 of 28 A. B.

Naturalistic intelligence Spatial intelligence

C. Intrapersonal intelligence D. Interpersonal intelligence

53. A child who always fight with his/her classmates, who has a very short attention span, and who has frequent tantrums is believed to be suffering from: A. Mental retardation C. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder B. Down’s syndrome D. Learning disability 54. When is a teacher prejudicial against a learner? A. When she refuses a pupil with a slight physical disability in class. B. When she makes a farsighted pupil to sit at the back. C. When she makes a nearsighted pupil to sit in front. D. When she considers multiple intelligences in the choice of her teaching strategies. 55. The effectiveness of learning is based on the fulfillment of the basic needs in the hierarchy of needs. This is based on the theory of _____. A. Rogers C. Horney B. Murray D. Maslow 56. _____ are the first American teachers in the Philippines. A. Graduates of the Philippine Normal School C. Soldiers B. Missionaries D. Thomasites 57. Utilizing both sides of the brain is important in achieving holistic learning; cognitive and affective, and the logical a long with the ____. A. Behavioral C. Musical B. Intuitive D. Rational 58. Philippine Education during the Revolutionary period was focused on the: A. Mastery of the Spanish language C. Mastery of basic skills B. Strengthening of the moral fiber of the people D. Establishment of nationhood 59. The government controls, regulates and supervises which schools? A. Public, private sectarian, and non sectarian schools C. Private schools B. Public schools D. Sectarian and non sectarian schools 60. _____ was adopted to provide universal access to basic learning, and to eradicate literacy. A. “Paaralan-sa-bawat-Baranggay” C. Values Education Framework B. Education for All D. Science and Education Development Plan 61. A student with Attention Deficit Disorder exhibits: A. Care for his/her personal things B. Impatient while waiting for his/her turn during games

C. Complete work before shifting to another D. Excessively quite

62. Which among the statements below is true about Human Rights? A. Human rights are unlimited B. Human rights is a moral power not a physical power

C. All human rights are inalienable D. Human right is might

63. A child with ADHD is characterized by: A. Inability to read B. Inattention

C. Poor health D. Inability to spell

64. ______ embodies a teacher’s duties and responsibilities as well as the proper decorum in performing them. A. Code of Ethics for Teachers C. Bill of Rights B. Magna Carta for Public School teachers D. Philippine Constitution of 1987 65. A child treats his friends highly aggressive. The reason behind this attitude is his past experiences with his father who is also highly aggressive. This is demonstrated on what theory? A. Social cognitive theory C. Operant conditioning B. Cognitive development theory D. Classical conditioning 66. Based on Jung’s Psychological theory, a child who is shy and prefers to be alone falls under what classification? A. Extrovert C. Paranoid

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Ambivert

D. Introvert

67. ______ puts emphasis on the importance of sensitive periods in development. A. Ecological theory C. psychoanalytic theory B. Social Cognitive theory D. Ethnological theory 68. Contrary to Freud’s concept that the primary motivation of human behavior is sexual in nature, Erikson’s is ______ in nature. A. Social C. Physical B. Cultural D. Biological 69. Lately, authorities’ advice parents of left handed children to: A. Train the child with left-hand tendency to use the right B. Train the left handed child to use both right and left hands C. Allow children to use the hand they want D. Discourage the child in using his left hand 70. _____ is described by Freud as the component(s) of personality that is concerned with the idea of right or wrong. A. Superego C. Id B. Super-ego and ego D. Ego 71. What idea about age is not right? A. Chronological age is different from biological and psychological age B. Chronological age, biological age, psychological and age are related C. Psychological age and social age are two different things D. Chorological age is the same as biological and psychological age 72. _____ reflects the teachers’ understanding of development as results of maturation and learni ng. A. Patience when dealing with the slower ones B. Creativity with the classroom strategies or task C. Fairness when giving grades or school marks D. Cheerfulness and enthusiasm when discussing 73. ______ is Erikson’s, Piaget’s and Freud’s thought about play. A. Contributes to the child’s mastery of his physical and social environment B. Makes a child’s life so enjoyable that he will tend to hate school life later C. Prepares a child for an excellent academic performance in formal schooling D. Develops in the child highly competitive attitude because of the nature of play 74. A student has been staring at a puzzle. He/She is figuring out how to solve it and suddenly, an idea flashed in the stude nt’s mind and excitedly she was able to learn how to solve the puzzle. This exemplifies ______. A. Metacognition C. Analytical learning B. Insight learning D. Trial and error learning 75. The importance of providing free public education for both in primary and secondary levels is highlighted in Article XIV section 2. This is needed because: A. Elementary and Secondary school provides formal education B. These levels provide the foundation for life functions and roles C. No one goes to college without ing the grade and high schools D. A few people cannot afford the expensive quality of private schools 76. When we say that rights and duties are correlative, we meant that_______________. A. Right and duties regulate the relationship of men in society B. Each right carries with it one or several corresponding duties C. Rights and duties ultimate come from God D. Rights and duties arise from the natural law 77. A teacher attempting to develop a student’s metacognitive skills teaches the students to: A. Recall past lesson C. Formulate hypothesis B. Visualize D. Think about their thinking 78. A teacher maximizes the cognitive development of students by having an environment that gives multisensorial stimulation. In this situation, the teacher’s role is: A. Molder of character C. Dispenser of knowledge B. Facilitator of learning D. Evaluator of learning

Page 7 of 28 79. According to Friedrich Froebel, education should awaken the child’s dormant potentials and develop them in the best way possible. This showcases the teacher’s role as: A. Molder of character C. Dispenser of Knowledge B. Facilitator of learning D. Evaluator of learning 80. An adolescent exhibits what common characteristics? A. Reasonable and secure B. Feels intense emotions and sense of disequilibrium

C. Slow but steady physical growth D. ive and obedient

81. In rural areas, most students absent themselves especially during planting seasons. What could be an innovative solution to this problem? A. Refusing reission of pupils who have been absent for long B. Observance of seasonal school calendar C. Giving lecture to parents on the importance of schooling D. Keeping a record of absences for information 82. The school director emphasizes the necessity of clean and green environment to contribute to effective teaching and lear ning. This is an example of: A. Providing an atmosphere conducive to learning C. Utilize educational technology B. Providing adequate physical facilities D. Establish rapport between teachers and pupils 83. A child with ADHD exhibits the following characteristics except: A. Hyperactivity B. Focus

C. Inattention D. Impulsivity

84. They say that rights and duties are correlative. This statement means: A. Right and duties regulate the relationship of men in society B. Each right carries with it one or several corresponding duties C. Rights and duties ultimate come from God D. Rights and duties arise from the natural law 85. According to Jocano, ___________ is the strength of the Filipino people A. Sense of commitment to nationalistic ideals C. Sense of humor B. Sense of historical or national identity D. Sense of national pride 86. Teacher’s Professionalism Act is ___________. A. RA 7836 B. RA 4670 87. Instincts are under what mental dimension? A. Ego and super-ego B. Ego

C. RA 7722 D. RA 9293 C. Id D. Super-ego

88. A child cannot do ____________, according to Piaget’s concrete operational stage. A. Doing mentally what was just physically done B. Reasoning applied to specific example C. Classifying objects into different sets D. Imagining the steps necessary to complete an algebraic equation 89. What should teachers teach students to eradicate bullying among kids in school? A. Full development of talents C. Respect for the dignity of persons B. Athletic skills D. Full development of physical power 90. Education is the acquisition of the art and the utilization of knowledge. This statement means: A. A learner’s application of what she has learned is necessary B. A learner’s interest in art is commendable C. A learner’s acquisition of information is sufficient D. A learner’s acquisition of information is not important 91. Student’s initiative is stifled by: A. Rationalism B. Extreme authoritarianism

C. “Utang na loob” D. “Bahala na”

92. A piece of music may sound sad, but when each note is played, there is nothing sad about it. This is based on the doctrin e that says:

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The whole experience is equal to the sum of its parts The whole experience is more than the sum of its parts The whole of experience is less than the sum of its parts The whole of experience is not in any way related to the sum of its parts

93. Unlike the Spanish, Americans taught us there _____. A. Government B. Art

C. Language D. Religion

94. As envisioned by the Department of Education, a Filipino learner should be: A. Makabayan, makasarili, makakalikasan, at maka-Diyos B. Makabayan, makatao, makahalaman, at maka-Diyos C. Makabayan, makakaragatan, makatao, at mak-Diyos D. Makabayan, makatao, makakalikasan, at maka-Diyos 95. “Pataasan ng ihi” – this quote debunks ______. A. Initiative B. Flexibility

C. Teamwork D. Religiously

96. Which among the words below does not prevent the emergence of truth which the learners and teachers are in search of? A. Mindset C. Open mind B. Mask D. Defense 97. A research was conducted about the future dreams of Filipino children. Nobody said that they want to be a citizen of another country. This finding shows _____. A. Inferiority of other nationalities C. Superiority of other nationalities B. Superiority of the Filipino D. Filipinos’ sense of national pride 98. Confucius s _____ when he said that there should be no distinction of classes in education. A Moral recovery program C. Education for all B. Back to Basics D. Values education 99. The curriculum is designed this way to provide for individual differences. A. Some degree of flexibility is provided C. Minimum learning competencies are included B. Realistic and meaningful experiences are provided D. Social skills are emphasized. 100. What a teacher should do if students are misbehaving in class? A. Send the misbehaving pupils to the guidance counselor B. Involve the whole class in setting rules of conduct in the whole class C. Make a report to the parents about their children’s misbehavior D. Set the rules for the class to observe 101. Is it moral if someone will put up a school in a far barrio in order to get votes for an unworthy candidate? A. No, the candidate is undeserving B. Yes, the votes were in exchange for the school built C. Yes, it was his duty to strategize for his candidacy D. No, his motive was not meant for a good effect 102. _____ introduced the idea of “child’s garden” or Kindergarten. A. Maria Montessori B. Edward Paparazzi

C. Friedrich Froebel D. John Locke

103. If a teacher believes in the concept of education that makes every individual a useful citizen to the state, then, he is influenced by the concept of: A. Conformity C. Humanitarianism B. Security D. Utilitarianism 104. Teenagers stealing school equipment is becoming a common problem in community schools. What is the implication of this incidents? A. Inability of schools to hire security guards C. Prevalence of poverty in the community B. Deprivation of Filipino schools D. . Community’s lack of co-ownership 105. What is an inappropriate method in teaching young children? A. Individual differences are expected and accepted C. Isolates skill development B. Integrated teaching-learning D. Positive guidance technique

Page 9 of 28 106. What statement would inspire fresh graduate to cling unto his ideals on being a teacher? A. Introduction of educational innovations C. . Pressure of work B. of living models D. . High salary 107. Based on the results of the survey conducted by Hirsch-Pasek, et al in 1989, there are harmful effects caused by giving highly academically oriented early childhood education program. What is a proper recommendation to solve this issue? A. Give children the total freedom to do as they please inside the classroom B. Do not give assessment activities for pre-school students C. Plan engaging academic lessons D. Do not engaged students in highly structured direct instruction in pre-school 108. If a teacher believes that a child’s mind in TABULA RASA, then the teacher will most likely to engage the students in ______ process for them to learn. A. Sensory impressions C. Reflection B. Reasoning D. Metacognition 109. _______ is the weakness of the Montessori approach. A. Foster development of the cognitive skills C. . Emphasizes verbal interaction B. Foster independence D. Neglects children’s social development 110. A student did not study but spent one hour in the church praying to the exam. This concept displays what attitude towards God and religion? A. Religion as fake C. Religion as real B. Religion as magic D. Religion as authentic 111. What is a primitive view about the pupil/student? A. Active participant B. Hypotheses generator

C. Empty vessel D. Module builder

112. The concept of Karma originated from: A. Hebrews B. Hindus

C. Greeks D. Chinese

113. A government position could only be occupied upon ing a state examination on Confucian thought. This is an influence from the: A. Hebrews C. Hindus B. Chinese D. Greeks 114. ____ introduced kindergarten: A. Maria Montessori B. Edward Paparazzi

C. Friedrich Froebel D. Johann Herbart

115. Jean Jacques Rousseau said that everyone is essentially good. This view can help a teacher when ______. A. Dealing with misbehaving students C. Teaching the students some values B. Helping the fast learners in class D. knowing the students potentials 116. A teacher only teaches whenever she wants it. What does she lack? A. Emotional intelligence C. . Competence B. Integrity and ability D. Intelligence 117. The way the students learn is as important as what they learn. For this particular idea, what statement is important? A. Knowing how to solve problem C. Determining the given B. Getting the right answer to the word problem D. Solving the problem within the time limit 118. When a boy scout said “Bahala na” before jumping into a pool to save a drowning child, what attitude was exemplified? A. A daring attitude C. A daring attitude combined with “pagmamalasakit” B. A “segurista attitude” D. An I don’t care attitude 119. If you are a principal and one of your teachers is not acting the way he should be, how would you address this problem?

Page 10 of 28 A. Explain to the pupils that there are some things that adults can do but children can’t B. Be tolerant about the teacher’s behavior C. In writing, express disapproval of the unbecoming behavior of the teacher D. Talk to the teacher about the importance of being consistent in one’s action and in the rules of discipline enforced inside the classroom. 120. The provision on ________ enables the blind and deaf students to partially or fully integrate inside the Classroom. A. Academic freedom for students and teachers B. Providing vocational training to adult citizens and out of school youths C. Creating scholarship for poor and deserving students D. Protecting and promoting the right of all citizens to quality education 121. A teacher compiled the outputs of her peers and put her name as the author. Which is unprofessional? in her action? A. Not giving credit to others for their work B. Failing to correct what appears to be unprofessional conduct C. Giving due credit to others for their work D. Holding inviolate all confidential information concerning associates 122. How can a teacher uphold the high standard of the teaching profession? A. By working for the promotion in the system B. By continuously improving themselves personally and professionally C. By pointing out the advantages of ing the teaching profession D. By good grooming to change people’s poor perception of teachers 123. The Code of Ethics of Professional teachers covers everyone except: A. Teachers in academic, vocational, special, technical, or non-formal institutions B. Teachers in all educational institutions at the pre-school, elementary and secondary levels C. Teachers in tertiary level D. All full time public and private school teachers and s C – Teachers in the tertiary level are not covered in the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers. 124. Because of the poor writing and content of the project, a student wrapped his project with nice ornaments. This is an example of: A. Porma over substance C. Sense of Hiya B. Ningas Kugon D. Substance over porma 125. According to the Constitution, the State is required to establish and maintain free public and compulsory education in the __________. A. elementary level only B. secondary level only

C. secondary and tertiary levels D. elementary and secondary levels

1.

How does peer group influence adolescence? A. Allows the young to free himself from too much dependence on the family B. Allows the young to stay away from home C. Stops the learning and development of social roles D. Provides the adolescence the time to make unwise decisions

2.

Which of the following explains why the plateau phenomenon often found in human being does NOT exist in animal learning experiments? A. Animals are unable to profit from errors. B. Animals are unable to spurt in learning. C. Animals have weak incentive in learning. D. The incentive in animal learning is constant.

3.

Heredity has a part in determining intelligence. Which of the following statements this principle? A. Environment affects both fraternal and identical twins. B. Intelligence hinges in physical structure. C. Intelligence is determined partly in pre-natal nutrition. D. Identical twins are more alike than fraternal twins.

Page 11 of 28 4.

Terman’s studies of superior children show that in moral and personal traits the superiority is significantly marked. What does this suggest to the teacher? A. Provide this group with more experiences in school outside of moral and personal. B. Expose this group to moral and personal experiences. C. Distribute the activities of this group equally between moral and personal. D. Limit the experience of this group to personal growth.

5.

The Educational Act of 1982 expressly granted to institutions of higher learning the freedom to determine on academic grounds who shall be itted to study, who may teach and what shall be the subject of the study and research. This refers to _________. A. academic freedom C. institutional freedom B. educational freedom D. constitutional freedom

6.

Human development follows a pattern. Which of the following demonstrates this theory? A. In a Geography class, children learn the different provinces ahead of their own town. B. Petra names sampaguita, roses and camia before learning the word flower. C. In Mathematics learners know division ahead of additions. D. A child learns the word ANIMALS before he can be name dog, cat, goat and c ow.

7.

Who introduced the technique of sign drawing of a man as a measure of intelligence? A. Binet B. Aristotle C. Herbert D. Goodenough

8.

How does a teacher demonstrate that the course of human development can be influenced positively by manipulating some aspects of the internal and external development? A. Providing learners with a set of routine activities to be followed strictly. B. Providing learners with a variety of enriched learning materials and aids for the different subjects. C. Arranging the seats in such a way that every learner feels comfortable. D. Keeping the room well-ventilated, orderly and clean.

9.

Section V, Article of the 1986 Constitution provides that State shall assign the highest budgetary priority to education to ________. A. ensure that all schools are provided with modern equipment and facilities B. encourage teachers to conduct more researchers and studies on the arts and culture C. attract the best available talents to adequate renumeration D. curtail the exodus of teachers seeking employment abroad

10.

With whose philosophy was pragmatism identified? A. Binet B. Pestalozzi C. Terman

11.

The psychological developmentalist made the child the center of the educational process through application of its law of learning. Teaching should therefore be primarily directed towards the ______________. A. use of effective media technology B. systematic formulation of methods C. promotion of the child’s social unconsciousness D. development of the child from within

12.

Due to mismatch of manpower and high rate of unemployment, trained Filipino professionals seek employment in foreign lands. This refers to the problem of ___________. A. disadvantage workers C. Filipino domestic workers B. Filipino overseas workers D. brain-drain

13.

When an adolescent combines ability to see deduc tive and inductive reasoning in constructing realistic rules that he can respect and live by how does he perceive his environment? A. He sees the world and himself through the eyes of other people B. He interprets events from a limited view C. He sees events apart from himself and other people D. He views the world from his own perspective

14.

Which of these statements in TRUE regarding the indoctrination of a child in making decisions? A. This will facilitate the child’s ability to make decisions. B. This will make him dependent on the thinking of others. C. This will give him an opportunity to make right decisions at an early stage. D. This will enhance his ability to think and decide.

D. Dewey

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This 18th century doctrine advocates for education in accordance with nature Educator who hold this view stressed that in learning the child should be _____________. A. trained in accordance with the standards set by the teacher B. naturally disciplined for him to concentrate more C. subjected to a specific regimen or training D. allowed to develop according to his own inner impulses and inclinations

16.

Social development means that acquisition of the ability to behave in accordance with ______. A. social insights C. universal norms B. stereotyped behavior D. social expectations

17.

Which of these contributions was the idea advanced by “Gestalt” psychologists? A. The best method of learning is through “conditioning”. B. Each “faculty” of the brain must be provided with appropriate exercise. C. The individual reacts to a total environment. D. A particular stimulus will lead to a specific response.

18.

In content, this movement initiated a systematic objective analysis of curriculum materials in order to determine scientifically what should be taught. This refers to ______________. A. Social experimentalism C. Developmentalism B. Rationalism D. Scientific determinism

19.

Which policy of the State does the istration of the National Elementary Achievement Test (NEAT) enhance? A. The coordination o functions and activities of educational institutions B. The maintenance of the highest quality of education C. The revision of elementary education curriculum to make it responsive to the needs of time D. The evaluation of the elementary grade graduates Which of the current classroom practices is influenced by Skinner’s operant conditioning? A. Connection between stimulus and response B. Involuntary response to a stimulus C. Progression of subordinate learning D. Reinforcement of correct practices

20.

21.

Development tasks are to be learned by the individual at each stage of development. If these tasks are not develope d at an early stage, this may cause problems in later years. Arrange the following tasks according to the stages when they occur in ones life span. I. Acquiring a set of values and an ethical system. II. Developing conscience, morality and a scale of values. III. Learning to distinguish right from wrong. IV. Taking on civic responsibility. A. III, I, II, IV B. II, IV, I, III C. III,II,I,IV D. I, II, III, IV

22.

To strengthen teacher education the Teacher Education Council created under R.A. No. 7764 will choose a private or public college engaged in pre-service continuing formal and non-formal education of teachers in strategic places in each region of the country, based on certain criteria. This will be called___________. A. Department of Teacher Education C. Teacher education Center of Excellence B. Teacher Education Commission D. Commission on Teacher Education

23.

This system of learning includes ways and methods which are used in preserving and building certain traditions within cultural communities. This refers to _________. A. indigenous learning system C. cultural learning system B. non-formal learning system D. multi-level learning system

24.

Values Education in the NSEC is offered as a separate subjects as values development in the NSEC is___________. A. integrated with Technology and Home Economics B. integrated in all subject areas C. emphasized in Science and Technology D. emphasized for creativity and productivity

25.

The environment must be interactive to facilitate learning. Which of the following situation is an example of this? A. The class goes out and discovers the habitats of insects. B. The teachers show posters of the habitat of insects. C. The class copies a list of facts concerning the habitat of insects. D. The teacher lectures on the habitat of insects.

Page 13 of 28 26.

In teaching the major classifications of plants and animal, which of the following will be MOST effective? A. Memorize the plants and animals under each classification. B. Invite a speaker to lecture on this subject. C. List down all plants and animals under each classification. D. Let the children discover the characteristics of plants and animals under each classification.

27.

The Gabaldon Act in the Philippine Assembly helps greatly in the expansion program of the educational system by _____________. A. authorizing the levy of taxes for school purposes B. providing local funds for educational facilities C. providing for a highly centralized system of istering the public schools D. appropriating a large sum for the construction of schools

28.

The operation “Return to the Basic” saw its embodiment in the ________. A. National Elementary Achievement Test C. New Secondary Education Curriculum B. New Elementary School Curriculum D. National Secondary Achievement Test

29.

Children in the early childhood stage consider teachers and parents as authorities and models. What does this statement imply? A. Teachers and parents should serve as role models at all times. B. Parent-teacher conference should always be an activity in school. C. Teachers should demand complete obedience from the learners in school. D. Parents should enforce strict discipline at home and teachers in school.

30.

How can the Athenian ideal of education of forming a cultural soul in a graceful and symmetrical body be achieved? A. By a well-balanced development of mind, body and soul B. By giving more focus on vocational education C. By emphasis on physical education D. By adopting the philosophy “know thyself”.

31.

The principles of individual differences require teachers to ________. A. prepare modules for slow learner in the class B. give more attention to the gifted students C. provide varied learning activities to suit individual needs D. treat all learners alike while in the classroom

32.

Which of the following would you consider MOST indicative of actual maladjustment of a students? A. Finding fault with the work of his classmate B. Spending his entire allowance each week on science fiction paperbacks. C. Inviting his classmates to eating places in an attempt to make popular D. Failing to take care of school properties

33.

In which of the following teacher task is knowledge of children’s affective development of LEAST signification? A. Understanding the emotionally-based cases of pupil behavior B. Helping children overcome negative emotions C. Sampling of classroom activities that generate excitement and happiness D. Exploring one’s own emotional reactions to various types of pupil behavior.

34.

Which of the following demonstrates that education and culture tends to be cyclist? A. Culture is transmitted by the school system, and the classroom becomes the place of transmission. B. The school is shaped by culture and culture in turn is influenced by the school. C. The school functions primarily as a transmitter of culture and is a change agent. D. The school becomes an avenue by which individual learn their culture. E. Section 5, Article XIV of the Constitution states that academic freedom shall be enjoyed in _________. A. public assemblies C. state colleges and universities B. all institutions of higher learning D. all level of learning

35.

36.

According to Magna Carta for teachers, a teacher assigned to a school ten or more kilometers from the poblacion without a regular means of transportation to reach it, is entitled to __________. A. service credit of one day for every five days of service during the whole year B. a hardship allowance of 2.5 percent of the monthly salary as additional com pensation C. an additional compensation of 50 percent of the monthly salary D. the privilege of teaching only four days a week

Page 14 of 28 37.

Which of the following statements regarding muscular development justify the selection of perspective contestant for an intercollegiate tournament in weight lifting from the high school group? A. It continuous to grow reaching its peak at age 20. B. It depends upon the proportion of muscles and fate which stabilizes after age 20. C. It reaches its peak at age 17 and stabilizes at age 20. D. It reaches full maturation after age 20.

38.

Free and compulsory education as mandated in the 1987 Constitution holds true for ____________. A. all children of school age C. Grade VI pupils B. elementary and secondary education D. Education in the primary grades

39.

Which of the following illustrates the Christian perspective of democracy in education? A. Education controlled by the government B. Equal opportunities of educating men and women C. Education subsidized by the government D. Education of all human beings without distinction of race, social, economic or political status of life

40.

Learning increase directly in proportion to the extent to which the learner is wholly bound up in his task. How does a teacher show this in her lesson? The teacher gives lessons that_______________. A. have significance and worth to the child B. are easy to comprehend C. portray complex ideas D. are fictitious to appear in their imagination

41.

Why are some s slow in accepting computers in their school inspite of its efficiency and effectiveness in the overall management? Which of these statements below are likely to be the reason? I. The cost of hardware is high II. Computer literate teachers are few III. Programs needed to run the computer are not available. A. II and III only B. I and II only C. I and III only D. I, II and III

42.

Which of the following behavior indicates that the child has developed conventional maturity? The behavior is based on ____________. A. personal decisions based on his satisfaction B. the desire to avoid severe physical punishment by a superior authority C. internalized ideals to avoid self condemnation rather than social censure D. the expectations of the group or society in general to gain approval

43.

A child in his early childhood must be provided manipulative materials to develop _____. A. reading readiness skill C. pre-handwriting skills B. social skills D. numeration skills

44.

In each stage of development a psycho-social crisis occurs. This view is spoused by _______. A. Freud B. Erickson C. Piaget D. Thorndike

45.

Those who teach children at the late childhood stage be more attentive and patient with their numerous, endless, and often curious queries because ________. A. The questions need not be answered as long as the teacher listens. B. At this age children enjoy listening more than talking. C. This stage of development is the “questioning stage” D. Children at this stage are more prone to tease and irritate their teacher

46.

How is curriculum designed to provide for individual differences? A. providing realistic and meaningful experiences B. including minimum essentials in each subject area C. emphasizing social organization and procedures D. making decision for some degree of flexibility

47.

Which of the following teacher behavior BEST illustrates an instance in which the teacher provided th e students of facilitative instructional ? A. Teacher B graded the students composition by marking them “” or “Fail”. He requested that the students who failed repeat their work. B. Teacher D gave a department test in history. C. Teacher C gave a spelling test. Words missed by a number of students appeared in the next test.

Page 15 of 28 D. Teacher A walked around the classroom watching the learner do their work. She watches each student go through the process praising those who did it correctly and showing others how to correct their use of faulty procedures. 48.

What does good teaching require the teacher to be MOST alert to? A. family background of student C. appropriate behavior and proper rewards B. public concerns of education D. poor behavior and use of immediate punishment

49.

Freedom in a democracy as applied in the classroom means________. A. teacher’s freedom with restraint B. pupil’s freedom to reason out their side of the question C. teacher’s freedom to do anything that he pleases D. teacher’s freedom to plan classroom activities the way she sees fit

50.

Which of the following characteristics should an innovator consider in advocating change? A. The direction must come under scrutiny of and control by intelligence and reason. B. Changes occur at different levels of operation as well as at different levels of conceptualization. C. All of these. D. Change takes place at various rates.

51.

In what of these activities will the success of the teacher in the classroom depend? A. He can steer and guide pupils properly. B. He employs various techniques she learns from books. C. He implements suggestions on how to manage a class. D. He makes decisions.

52.

What is Piaget’s practical implication in the field of education? A. Cognitive growth is independent of accommodation and assimilation. B. Emphasis on children thinking should be on the products rather than the process. C. Individual differences should be overlooked and accept that all children through all stages at equal rates. D. Children cannot apply cognitive skills for which they are not developmentally ready.

53.

Piaget views the adolescents as a thinker. When confronted with a complex problem involving alternate solutions, with a number of variables, the adolescent can ________. A. solve the complex problem without isolating the variables. B. pretend that the problem has been solved without even trying C. think of ways to avoid the complex problem D. mentally isolate the variable and try systematic combinations to arrive at the proper solution

54.

Reducing certain class activities into routinary work helps to make teaching more effective. Which of these reasons is the MOST appropriate for this? A. It gives teachers and learners time to do more important task. B. It provides learners valuable training and sharing of ideas in doing routine training. C. It enables teachers and learners to spend more time with each other.

55.

Self-confidence in learning is best achieved when the teacher gives a child _________. A. assignment that will challenge his best efforts. B. work that are of interest to him. C. tasks that are easy to accomplish D. necessary decision to perform tasks successfully

56.

Which of the following is the most positive factor of programmed instruction from the standpoint of teaching? A. It is based on technological process B. It frees the teacher to do things besides teaching C. It provides the students with immediate . D. It is as effective and more economical as teachers.

57.

The development of modern complex devices such as TV., overhead projectors, video tapes, slide projectors, etc., is significant to teaching and learning because _________. A. materials which are commonplace have become obsolete. B. the teacher is provided with more tools which adds dimensions to his teaching. C. teaching devices that must have been improvised and be replaced D. the teacher can show that she is up-to-date in her teaching

58.

Psychologists have stressed the importance of in motivating people. Which of these is the best ?

Page 16 of 28 A. B. C. D.

Correcting the papers immediately and calling attention to good answers made by students. Returning graded papers and calling attention to mistakes made by students. Returning graded papers to pupils with comments written on them. Posting on the bulletin board a list of students with their grades ranked from highest to lowest

59.

Young children have trouble attending to more than one event at a time. This is a principle that affects auditory perception. Which of the following implications for teaching can be derived from the principle? A. The teacher should set up lessons where accuracy is rewarded. B. The teacher should determine the pupil’s readiness before a new lesson is introduced. C. The teacher should have everyone’s attention when she is giving instruction. D. The teacher should help the pupils develop devices to aid recall.

60.

The Ultimate aim of good classroom management is to __________. A. establish conditions that make possible effortless teaching and learning B. set up condition that brings about effective teaching and learning C. secure conformity to rules with ease D. remove the physical conditions in the room that distract children’s attention

61.

One of the distant features of childhood is the increase of motor coordination and body control. In view of this, teacher should ___________. A. guard against too much physical exhaustion B. set rules children should observe in playing C. not forget that children have unique growth pattern D. make available for the children various play equipment

62.

A child needs enough challenge and stimuli in his surroundings to trigger additional development of his ___________. A. Interest B. intelligence C. potentialities D. social/emotional development

63.

The tendency to imitate elders is very strong in the early childhood stage. Teachers should therefore be very good __________. A. facilitators of learning C. role models B. disciplinarians D. counselors

64.

In the evaluation approach, the following are correct EXCEPT one. Which is this? A. Grade just to be different. C. Emphasize respect for evidence B. Emphasize objectively D. Represent the best thinking and effort

65.

Which of the following assumptions is based on principles of child development? A. Children should be expected to reach the average achievement for their age group. B. Children may differ in rate of growth. C. Children’s learning styles are unstable until early adolescence. D. The growth patterns of children cannot be predicted.

66.

How should the penalty of an offending student be imposed by the teacher? A. Penalty should be retributive and based solely upon the offense. B. ister the penalty immediately. C. Adjust the penalty to the motive behind the offense. D. Penalty should be served to give the offender a lesson.

67.

A continuous program of in-service education in the skills is necessary to implement the innovation because ___________. A. it is not possible to provide a program of in-service education on a one-shot basis. B. in the years ahead, there will be many sources of changes in the curriculum. C. It takes time to convince teachers to implement such innovation D. Of continuous teacher turn over.

68.

Who among these students will generally BEST demonstrate reading comprehension? A. One who has read a selection silently B. One who ahs read aloud to another student C. One who has engaged in reading aloud to the class D. One who has read aloud to the teacher

69.

Repetition may facilitate the learning process when the repetitions are ________. A. undertaken in different settings

Page 17 of 28 B. kept as short as possible C. given in the same form each time D. Spared in such a way that there is short interval between repetitions 70.

A child’s mental development is clearly revealed in his _______. A. ability to deal with abstract objects C. ability to deal with reality B. capacity to things D. ability to use language

71.

Learning experiences in social studies can be taught in three primary ways EXCEPT one. Which is this? A. Experience which provide opportunity for the development of group skills attitudes and procedures. B. Experiences which divert the attitude of the learner C. Experiences which develop necessary skills in the individual D. Experiences which increase knowledge and understanding of social studies concepts and generalization

72.

According to Freud’s psychoanalytic point of view, guilt develops when a child _______. A. turns unconsciously his pent up feelings towards himself B. suppress his feelings to his works C. sublimate consciously thru arts D. identifies himself to adults he ires

73.

After the test in Araling Panlipunan, the pupils corrected their own work. their grades were not recorded. The pupils referred to their books for the correct answers. What is the advantage of this procedure to the learners? A. Attention was directed to learning itself, not grades. B. Cooperation was developed when pupils compared answers. C. The learners lost their fear of grades. D. Undue competition was eliminated.

74.

Which is the MOST valid statement concerning the aim of a lesson? A. Each child should be ask to write the aim of each lesson in his notebook daily. B. The teacher should write the aim at the blackboard at the beginning of each lesson. C. The teacher should announce at the beginning of each period the aim of the lesson. D. The aim should be an outgrowth of and developed from the motivations.

75.

Concepts are generally learned in sequence according to the learner’s stage of cognitive development. Below are some concepts. Arrange them in the order they come. A. Mother puts away a new bag. I know the bag still exists. B. A gallon is more than a liter of water. C. If 8 is to 16, 16 to 32, 32 to 64. D. Night is when there is no sun; there are moon and stars instead. A. A-C-B-D

B. A-D-B-C

C. B-C-D-A

D. A-C-D-B

76.

Bossing defines lesson plan as “a statement of achievements to be realized and the specific means by which these are to be attained as a result of activities engaged in day by day under the guidance of the teacher.” A. Lessons are means of acquiring desirable habits, attitudes and skills. B. Attention is focused on the learner rather than on the subject matter itself. C. Knowledge is an end in itself. D. The spotlight is on the child with the teacher in the background serving as guide.

77.

Which of these statements provide the BEST reason for the use of dramatization in the classroom? A. It allows the teacher to see psychodrama as a psychological tool. B. Children enjoy character portrayal C. It allows children to make moral statement in the class. D. It enables students to learn cooperative self-expression.

78.

The theory of “identical elements” in learning holds that transfer is facilitated when the _______. A. development task is easily identified B. teacher uses different teaching devices C. learner has a mastery of specific responses D. experience is similar to the application situation

79.

A supervised study lesson is one whose purpose is to teach children how to study a given subject effectively. In the supervised study lesson _________. A. the guidance takes place in the classroom

Page 18 of 28 B. the pupil is taught the technique of learning. C. The teacher acts as guide in the various study procedures. D. Guidance is one a one to one correspondent 80.

As a teacher, it is important to view instruction from distinct advantage points _______. A. that which proceeds the actual events of instruction B. the instructional situation itself C. the subject matter one has to teach D. that which follows instruction

81.

If this needs is not met the adolescent tends to be critical and always tries to find fault. This is the need __________. A. for adventure B. for recognition C. for material security D. to belong

82.

Of the following, which is the LEAST valuable way for a teacher to present a new lesson? A. Explore some interest already possessed by the learner B. Elicit an explanation of the importance of the subject C. Developed and overview of the subject D. Hand out a step-by-step outline of the lesson

83.

An observer can say that a classroom is well managed if learners _______. A. pursue their tasks without inhibitions B. are earnestly engaged in the activities that lead to the realization of a desired goal. C. Are under the control and supervision of the teacher D. Observe silence as they go about their activities

84.

As an effective learning tool, how should audiovisual aids be used? A. to reward outstanding scholastic achiever B. by disciplining children and focusing their attention on a subject C. as a stimulus to promote learning D. as a part of a planned lesson

85.

This is the stage when the learner becomes confuse and start to experience identity crisis. This is the ___________. A. early adulthood stage C. late childhood stage B. early childhood stage D. adolescent stage

86.

The way a child talks, walks or manifest gestures may have been learned from models he had exposed to. This explains ________learning. A. cognitive B. affective C. insight D. social

87.

In using individualized instruction, how should the teacher begin? A. identify the abilities of the learners B. evaluate the teaching-learning outcome C. present the activities needed in the lessons D. prepare the necessary materials

88.

Concept formation starts with the ________________. A. child’s ability to develop a general idea as he goes over his experiences B. use of audiovisual materials for meaning C. teacher’s providing rich experiences D. questions and problems that challenge thinking

89.

Mrs. Reyes attempts every student into her classroom discussion. What students’ need is she trying to address? A. To get everything into the open B. To be creative C. To feel significant and be a part of a large group D. To show their oral activities to the rest of the class

90.

The discovery approach refers to an inductive method of guiding pupils to discuss and organize ideas and processes by themselves. One of the chief responsibilities of the teacher in the use of the method is to _________. A. identify the controlled and manipulated variables present at the situation B. provide the proper setting for problem-solving within the students can discover solutions to the problem at hand C. provide continuity in the learning process D. interpret data recorded based on previous experiences

Page 19 of 28 91.Audio-visual aids are used in classroom teaching to _____________. A. arouse and sustain student’s interest B. help make learning more permanent C. help clarify important concepts D. all of these 92.

Which of the following are aspects of classroom management? A. Care of routine factors and classroom discipline B. Teacher’s right kind of interest in her pupils and in their schoolwork C. Teacher’s ability to handle snags in classroom activities and concern for her pupils D. Development of children’s attitude towards school rules and regulations.

93.

Which of the following is the most important purpose for using achievement test? To measure the _______________. A. capacity for future learning B. quality and quantity of previous learning C. educational and vocational aptitude D. quality and quantity of previous teaching

94.

What rank should be assigned to 92 in the following distribution of grade point averages of seven cand idates for the Honor Roll? 97.5 90.5 93.5 92 95 91.5 A. 3 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5

95.

Which of the items below will measures this objective. “The student would be able to solve word problems using percent.” A. Juan correctly answered 8 out of 12 questions on a test. What percent is this? B. Is 0.02 = 20 percent TRUE or FALSE C. Tricia ate ¾ of a pie. How much is left? D. Maria received a 90 percent on her test.

96.

An item has a discrimination index of 0.41 and a difficulty index of 35. What can the teacher conclude about the item? A. The item cannot discriminate between the poor and bright students. B. The item is a very difficult one. C. The item can highly discriminate between the poor and the bright students. D. The item is a moderately difficult one.

97.

Which of the different types of test cover a wide variety of objectives? A. essay B. matching C. multiple choice D. true-false

98.

Which of the following statement about the use of test is the best? A. Grades should reward effort B. Grades should be used as incentives C. Grades should follow a strict curve D. Grades should respect quality and quantity of performance.

99.

In a multiple-choice test, keeping the options brief indicates _________. A. plausibility and the attractiveness of the item B. inclusion of items irrelevant clues such as the use in the correct answer of a word found in the stem C. inclusion in the item any word that must otherwise be repeated in each response. D. non-inclusion of options that mean the same

100.

The first step in constructing test is __________ A. outlining the subject matter content of the test B. preparing a table of specification

101.

The most difficult and significant stage in research work is ________. A. subjects of the study C. problem identification B. Statistical treatment D. research methods

102.

To test if the student knows what a particular word mean which of the following is best for her to ask the student to do? A. Select the correct meaning C. Use it in a sentence B. Define the word D. Identify its part of speech

C. defining the objective D. writing the test items

Page 20 of 28 103. CLASS A B C D

N 40 35 40 39

Performance in Mathematics Test MEAN 57.30 57.08 58.12 58.25

STANDARD DEVIATION 8.92 10.17 11.85 10.28

Using the mean as basis for comparison, what can you say about the four classes in the above table? A. Class D showed the best performance B. Classes B, C and D showed about the same performance C. Class D did better than Class C D. Classes A and B have about the same performance 104.

In psychology, what does “reciprocal modification” refer to? A. forgetting B. physiological limit C. conditioned reflex

105.

The simplest measure of the spread of scores is the __________. A. class interval B. range C. standard deviation D. variance

106.

Below are objectives stated differently. Which one is stated as affective objective? A. After completing this unit, the teacher should be able to give two types of retention problems associated with learning disabled children. B. After reading this unit, the teacher should be able to write clear behavioral objectives related to learning disabled children. C. After reading this unit, the teacher should have a greater sensitivity to the characteristics of learning disabled children. D. After reading this unit, the teacher should be able to indicate a language problem characteristic of learning disabled children

107.

Which of the following describes a bi-modal distribution? A. A group of score whose range of scores fall within the 68.26% of the normal curve. B. A group of score with two different scores with the same lowest frequency. C. A group of scores with two different scores with the same highest frequency. D. A group of scores whose range of scores fall within the mean + 1 s.d. of the normal curve.

108.

Studies show that children who make exceptionally good records in elementary grades also make superior in high school. What does this suggest? A. Exposed elementary grade pupils to varied experiences. B. Increase the appropriation for elementary schooling. C. Promote all pupils in the elementary schools. D. Strengthen the foundation in elementary education.

109.

Mr. Juan noticed that one of his students is a drug dependent. What should Mr. Juan do? A. Report the student to the rehabilitation center. B. Talk to the boy’s parent for rehabilitation purposes. C. Ignore the problem. D. Report the problem to the principal for proper action.

110.

Students who make higher scores in a college entrance examination generally get better marks in college than those who got lower scores in the same year. Evident, the test that was istered to them possesses what type of validity? A. Construct B. Content C. Predictive D. Concurrent

111.

Which of the following does an aptitude test attempt to predict? A. An individual’s general knowledge B. Probable success in a given course C. Level of efficiency of an individual D. An individual capacity for improvement without training

112.

When a parent makes an appointment to visit a teacher to complain the progress of her son, which of these should the teacher do? A. Carefully study the complete school record of her son and present these to the parent. B. Point out that her son obtained low marks in previous curricular year. C. Tell the parent that many students in the class are failing.

D. transfer of training

Page 21 of 28 D. Ask the parent if she has supervised her son’s homework. 113.

Which of these criteria is the most important in test construction? A. The stem should contain the central problem. B. Items should be congruent with the objectives. C. A table of specification should be prepared. D. Options should be almost of the same length.

114.

Consider the following data:

TEST IN ALGEBRA TEST IN BIOLOGY Total number of items 80 100 Susan’s score 74 94 Mean 50 70 Standard deviation 12 10

What can you say about Susan’s performance relative to other test takers? A. The given information is not sufficient to make any interpretation about Susan’s performance. B. Susan performed better in Algebra than in Biology. C. Susan performed better in Biology than in Algebra D. Susan performed equally well in both. 115.

Questions can be directed towards either convergent or divergent thinking. It is directed towards diverging thinking if _________. A. it is prescriptive C. it calls for varied responses B. there is only one correct answer D. the behavior is not observable

116.

Problems of discipline and class management should be considered in the light of which the following principles? A. Interests of the school and the individual pupil is identical. B. The child is the center of all activities and the school is nothing. C. Interest of any individual must always give way before those of the group of which he is member. D. Interests of the school are supreme and must be maintained.

117.

Which of these cannot be used by itself to interpret individual score on an intelligent test? A. Standard deviation B. Stanine C. Percentile D. Standard score

118.

A completely stated objective should contain the following elements: object, behavior, conditions, performance level, target individual and time. Below, you will find an objective. Read it carefully and identify the element in capital letters. “Given a list of five ages, EIGHTY-FIVE PERCENT (85%) OF THE STUDENTS will identify correctly three of the ages which means comion, after discussion.” A. performance level B. behavior C. target individuals D. object

119.

Generally speaking, the grade system adopted in our schools is appropriate in ______. A. appraising present achievement and potential B. indicating weak points as area for improvement C. predicting success in the field of work and employment D. identifying strong points for reinforcement purposes

120.

In the achievement test of 1.50 items two students obtained the highest score of 143. What should be the rank of each score? A. One will be ranked 1 and the other 1.5 C. Both will be ranked 1.5 B. Both will be ranked 1. D. One will be ranked 1 and the other 2.

121.

Supposing a researcher wants to answer the question: “Will sing high ability students to tutor low ability students increase the language skill of all students involved?” What research method is appropriate to use? A. historical B. experimental C. descriptive D. casual-comparative

122.

A teacher using the results of a formative evaluation can ________. A. compare his students relative standing in class C. improve his instruction B. give remedial instruction D. all of these

123.

Guidance is a part of a teacher’s role. Which of the following aspects to be promoted among students is the PRIMARY objective of the guidance? A. Maximum achievements within the limit of their capacity

Page 22 of 28 B. Need to conform to school regulations C. Mastery of subject matter D. Increased capacity for self-direction 124.

Which of the following is the BEST way to deal with a 12-year-old boy who feels inferior to his peers? A. Provide tasks which he can master with little difficulty. B. Arrange situations carefully in which he will be obliged to show leadership C. Accept his manifestation of lack of self-confidence sympathetically. D. Tell him how irrational his feelings are.

125.

You found out that your student sneaks out his classroom during class hours and goes to the library to read the Encyclopedia and other reading materials. What measure would you do to keep him in the class? A. Change your teaching strategy B. Send him to the school’s guidance counselor C. Call for his parents and inform him of his behavior D. Give the students special assignments and varied activities in class.

126.

What percentage of a distribution of students falls into the highest quartile? A. 10 B. 15 C. 50

127.

Which of the following is a limitation of the true-false type of objective test? A. two or more ideas can be elicited B. answers come into a regular pattern or sequence C. proportion of true or false statement are given D. minor details receive as much credit as significant details

128.

Career guidance lessons can be integrated in any subject in the grade school to ______. A. acquaint children of the different industries B. assist children in the world of work C. help children find jobs suited for them D. expose children in the world of work and appreciate them

129.

Which of the following is the MOST valid reason for keeping pupil personal record? A. Referral to community agencies B. Provide a basis for sectioning pupils C. Provide data for educational research D. For guidance of pupils and improve instructions

130.

Which is the most obvious and familiar way of reporting variability? A. distribution of raw scores C. standard deviation B. range between highest and lowest scores D. standard error of the mean

131.

Which type of test can assess the student’s ability to organize and express his ideas? A. essay B. Completion C. Multiple-choiceD. Modified true-false

132.

Research has shown that neighborhood gangs tend to be more adhesive than groups of the same age in formal clubs or agencies. Which is the implication that you can deduce in this findings? A. Clubs will not function adequately in a given neighborhood where gangs already exist. B. The activities of the gang meets the needs of its member better than those of the club do. C. The club is potentially longer-lived than the gang. D. Young people clubs only if they are not accepted by the gang.

133.

Which of the following can be classified as an evaluate question? A. How would you distinguish a Filipino from a Chinese? B. What is your concept of morality C. What can be done to preserve our lakes and forest? D. Are you in favor of legalizing divorce in our country?

134.

In testing which of the following is referred to as cultural bias? A. Test will show who is more cultured. B. Test items are more familiar with some culture C. Cultured people do better on tests.

D. 25

Page 23 of 28 D. Some culture do better on tests than others. 135.

In an experiment the characteristic of an independent variable is that it is _______. A. manipulated by the researcher C. influence by a dependent variable B. predicted as the outcome D. present in the control group

136.

Which of the following is a good example of a cognitive objective? A. To develop feelings of adequacy in beginning a new tasks B. To be able to identify the major goods and services produced in the Philippines C. To make judgment on the basis of general principles D. To be aware of the ten pieces of art that have shaped history

137.

When can an item be said to have positive discriminating power? A. When the pupils who answered correctly got higher total score in the test than those who answered it incorrectly. B. When the pupils who answered incorrectly got higher total score in the test than those who answered it correctly. C. When there is no significant difference between the general achievement of pupils who answered it correctly. D. When pupils who are low scores answered more items correctly than the high scores.

138.

A desirable and objective measure of a student’s academic progress indicates _______. A. the amount of change in his achievement over a given period of time B. the status of his achievement at a given time C. the profile of present achievement D. the difference between present achievement and potential achievement

139.

Which of the following test measures the learner’s attainment of specific objectives at the end of a given period of time? A. Standardized test C. Summative test B. Norm-referenced test D. Criterion-referenced test

140.

According to research, in of instructional planning, which of the following uses of test is best applied in the classroom? A. Instead of using objective test to facilitate learning it is best to give groups of cooperative students cooperative learning projects. B. Essay tests have higher reliability tan objective examination C. Several long tests given per term facilitate learning and retention D. Many tests given in short intervals are superior in of learning and retention to one long examination.

141.

A new test of reading vocabulary was istered to a random to a sample of 3,000 third grade pupils and reistered two weeks later. The correlation of the scores from the two test istrations was 27. From the information given the most defensible conclusion to be drawn is that the test is __________. A. insignificantly reliable C. insignificantly valid B. valid but not reliable D. reliable and valid

142.

A test in English contained a validity index of 0.59 and a reliability index of 0.65. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the text? A. The test is valid but not reliable C. The test is not valid but reliable B. The test is valid and reliable D. The test is not valid and not reliable

143.

A BSEE graduate, eligible, needs advice in which job opening to accept: domestic helper in Saudi Arabia with $350 monthly compensation or to teach on a distant barrio in her own province. You were approach to give advice on the matter. Which of the following will you advice? A. Accept the teaching position in your province where you can share your own service to your own countrymen. B. Follow the “first come first serve” basis. C. Tell both employers of your offers and whoever can increase the pay will be your choice. D. Accept the offer in Saudi Arabia, save and send part of your income to your folks.

144.

Which of the following will you do to an examinee you caught cheating and who offered you a certain sum of money to keep quiet? A. Announce to all the examinees the name of the c heater. B. Confiscate his test paper and report him to the examination supervisor. C. Ignore him but let him feel that you saw him. D. Motion him to keep quiet and watch for him after the examination.

Page 24 of 28 145.

Which of the following is emphasized by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow in their theory of socialization? A. Conflicts during different stages of development have to be resolved. B. Conditioning creates a part in social skills. C. People grow toward the goal of self-actualization. D. Modeling plays a part in determining social skills.

146.

Which of the following is the best situation wherein you can balance rights and authority? A. Mr. and Mrs. Pineda allow all their only daughter’s suitor to come and go as she pleases. B. Mr. and Mrs. Pineda censor all their only daughter’s suitors. C. Mr. and Mrs. Pineda choose a life-partner for their only daughter. D. Mr. and Mrs. Pineda Caution their only daughter’ choice of a boyfriend.

147.

Choose the best measure which a school official may resort in case of a subordinate, hired by a previous official, who is without necessary definite written contract specifying the and conditions which the subordinate it to work? A. A call the subordinate in his private office and inquires his relationship with previous official who hired him. B. Get his service record and performance rating and promote him if meritorious. C. Recommend for dismissal the subordinate without a definite written contract. D. Have a definite written contract be made specifying the and conditions under which the subordinate is to work.

148.

Which of the following will you do if you cannot attend an appointment with the Brgy. Captain because of a valid reason? A. Forget the incident since there are many who will attend. B. Ask from the other what was agreed upon in that meeting. C. Send a proxy who will at the same time apologize for you and explain the reason for not coming. D. Apologize for the incident and give your reason.

149.

Whose philosophy suggest that life and education should be interrelated and that schools should emulate life experiences as much as possible? A. Herbert B. Skinner C. Dewey D. Montessori

150.

Which of the following situations will manage conflicting situations to bring out values enhancing nationhood? A. Letting or helping convicted aliens to escape captivity for a fee. B. Letting worker’s plight in foreign-controlled companies although miserable and immoral as in motels and other similar establishments remains unchecked. C. The practice of some in authority to protect overstaying aliens for a fee. D. A higher institution of learning requires all staff to wear national dress on Foundation Day.

151.

Whose philosophy states that God should be worshipped according to the dictate of one’s conscience and loved above all things for the Creator is the foundation of all truth, of all justice and all activities? A. Jose Rizal B. Emilio Jacinto C. Andres Bonifacio D. Apolinario Mabini

152.

Which of the following is the best situation wherein you can balance rights and authority? A. Mr. Roque gave Roberto five more problems to solve after getting a failing mark in a Math exam. B. Mr. Roque ordered Roberto to re-compute the solution of a problem he missed during the examination. C. Mr. Roque suggested a tutor to Roberto after getting a failing mark in the Math examination. D. Mr. Roque requires to stay after class to clean the room for his failure to solve a Math problem.

153.

The establishment of the secondary school type was one of the greatest contributions of what type of education? A. Rationalism B. Humanistic C. Realistic D. Disciplinism Which of the following situation is less evil? A dressmaker for ready-to-wear school uniform is competing with other dressmaker in price. A. She uses inferior kind of cloth. B. She intentionally misfit the uniform and charge extra for the repair. C. She shortens each uniform a bit. D. She has additional payment after the uniform has been used.

154.

155.

It is often very difficult for the parents of a mentally retarded child to accept their child’s retardation. A psychologist m ade a complete diagnostic study of the case. She was called upon to interpret the findings to the parent. Which of the following will she do to meet the parent’s resistant attitude? A. Explaining that the situation was thorough and objective and that reality must be accepted no matter how unpleasant. B. Acknowledging how the parents might feel and attempting to alleviate such feelings of guilt that may be present by suggesting things the parents can do to help the child. C. Reassuring the parent that many retarded children have compensatory talents that many normal children do not have .

Page 25 of 28 D. Reassuring the parent that the medical profession has recently embarked on a promising program of research that may discover means of improving the child’s condition. 156.

Hereunder are philosophies of education. Which of these philosophies would require a teacher to take a direct and active role in the learning process? I. Humanism II. Realism III. Idealism IV. Pregmatism A. II and IV B. I and III C. II and III D. II and IV

157.

What code of conduct is violated in relation of the teacher and his associates when the principal reprimands a teacher in front of her pupils? A. Every teacher has the right to present his side of any accusation. B. Every teacher and school official should transact all official business through channels. C. A school official should not make any false accusation against his teachers. D. No criticism of an associate should be made in the present of pupils or students.

158.

Many of the modern science trace their origin this science which is the oldest and most comprehensive of all the studies known to man. Which is it? A. Ideology B. Science C. Metaphysics D. Philosophy Which of the following situation is less evil? A Carenderia owner who wants to make big profits takes pride in her low -cost food. A. She boils and reboils tougher cuts of meats and bones for her soups. B. She cooks inferior kinds of foods. C. recycles left-over food. D. She uses loose or separated vegetable leaves for her vegetable dishes.

159.

160.

The intellectual development which found interest in the human nature through the revival of the classics is _________. A. humanism B. nationalism C. realism D. disciplinism

161.

The American regime popularized mass education in the Philippines. Which of the following became the corner stone of democracy in this country? A. Monroe education Survey of 1929 C. Royal Decree of December 20, 1985 B. Act No. 74 of the Philippine Commission in 1901 D. Educational Decree of 1863

162.

From which philosophy is humanism attributed to? A. Idealism B. Realism C. Pregmatism D. Humanism

163.

Which of the following is the best situation where in you can balance rights and authority? A. Mr. Romero insist sitting with the couple everytime his 17-year-old daughter entertains suitors in their house. B. Mr. Romero insists a chaperon everytime his daughter Liza asks permission to attend parties. C. Mr. Romero insists chaperoning his 17-year-old daughter Liza himself, everytime Liza wants to go out with friends. D. Mr. Romero denies his 17-year-old daughter’s request to go out with friends.

164.

Who among these philosophers use his writings to show the social ills in his country? A. Crescencio Peralta B. Emilio Aguinaldo C. Jose Rizal D. Antonio Isidro

165.

Which of the following is the best situation wherein you can balance rights and authority? A. Mrs. de la Rosa insists that her daughter will wear the same gown that Mrs. de la Rosa wore during her debut. B. Mrs. de la Rosa chooses the gown her daughter will wear to her debut. C. Mrs. de la Rosa consults her daughter on the gown her daughter will wear for her debut. D. Mrs. de la Rosa doesn’t care whatever style of gown her daughter chooses for her debut.

166.

Miss Reyes is a teacher who is very much respected in her community. She has helped improved the community and the barangay officials depend much on her assistance. Her sister, an immigrant in Canada offered her a high-paying job. Which of the following will Miss Reyes consider if she wants to manifest values enhancing nationhood? A. Tell her sister that the service she is extending to her community is very compensatory. B. Accept the offer and send assistance to the community. C. Tell her sister that teachers now are highly paid. D. Thank her sister for the thoughtfulness.

167.

Which of the following should a teacher do with a parent’s compliant against other teachers? A. Side the parent and tell other things against the teacher being complained. B. Try to encourage the parent to see the principal and lay the problem to him. C. Try to depend the teacher and put the blame on the pupil.

Page 26 of 28 D. Try his best to encourage the parent to talk the problem over with the teacher concerned. 168.

T he education is the indispensable requisite to freedom and that every citizen is entitled to acquire education is whose philosophy? A. Apolinario Mabini B. Emilio Aguinaldo C. Jose Rizal D. Andres Bonifacio

169.

The Institute of National Language was established through the enactment of Commonwealth Act No. 184. Who among the Philippine Presidents signed this act? A. Manuel L. Quezon B. Carlos P. Garcia C. Emilio Aguinaldo D. Manuel Roxas

170.

You are teaching in an elite school with an air-conditioning unit. Aware of the present economic condition of the country, which of the following will be the most appropriate to consider? A. Air conditioning is such a small matter that saving on it could hardly affect the economy. B. Students cannot be made to sacrifice and recite in warm classrooms. C. Savings on cutting down the air-conditioning could be spent on other worthwhile activities. D. Cut-off the air-conditioning of classrooms on certain days.

171.

Who among the following would most likely approve a subject-centered curriculum? A. A humanist B. An essentialist C. An existentialist D. A progressivist

172.

With whom is the Cumulative Learning School Model mostly associated? A. Montessori B. Gagne C. Bruner

173.

Which of the following is the best situation wherein you can balance rights and authority? A. Mrs. Sison charges a higher electric bill to boarders who use more electricity B. Mrs. Sison forbids the use of electric fans and other electric appliances to boarders to cut down electric consumption. C. To cut down the electric consumption, Mrs. Sison, a landlady, sets an “ironing day” schedule for her boarders. D. Mrs. Sison does not mind her boarders excessive use of electric appliance for fear that they may transfer to other boarding houses.

174.

Which of the following will you do if a parent of one of your failing pupils asks you to tutor her daughter in consideration of a certain amount of money which you badly need? A. Direct parent to another teacher, but ask for a commission. B. Accept the offer but do the tutoring at home C. Direct the parent to another teacher for tutoring. D. Accept the offer with a discount.

175.

What relationship between a teacher and a student was violated when Mr. Rama carefully examined the damage done to a newly bought hammer than attend to Ryan, one of the boys in his carpentry class who slipped and fell from the ladder while repairing the roof of their shop? A. Cooperation between students and teachers should be developed for harmonious relationship. B. The welfare of the pupil/student should be the first and foremost concern of the teacher. C. It is the duty of the teacher to take good care of all school properties and equipment. D. There should be a good and harmonious relationship between teachers and students.

176. 177. 178.

179. 180.

D. Piaget

Situation 1 – A neighboring municipality of Katapatan, Mayor Karunungan, conducted also a survey. He looked into different aspects of human rights violations. What human rights were violated in his municipality? Sterilization A. Right to life B. Right to work C. Right to form family D. Right to worship Environmental pollution A. Right to work B. Right to worship C. Right to life D. Right to form family Racial Discrimination A. Right to own property B. Right to work C. Right to life D. Right to worship Situation 2 – Te municipal Mayor of Katapatan is conducting a survey on human rights abuses in his municipality. His survey includes the violations committed in different areas. What human rights were violated if the offense are as follows: Religious persecution A. Right to own property B. Right to life C. Right to worship D. Right to work Contraception A. Right to own life

B. Right to life

C. Right to worship D. Right to own property

Page 27 of 28 181.

Euthanasia A. Right to worship

182.

Pre-school education is a recognition that the period of greatest mental development among individual is from __________ years. A. 12 to 15 B. 6 to 9 C. 9 o 12 D. 3 to 6

183.

Professionalization of teachers and teaching as promulgated in Presidential Decree no. 1006, defines teaching as a profession concerned with classroom institution ________. A. by teachers of permanent status B. at the elementary and secondary levels in both public and private schools C. at the tertiary level in both public and private school institutions D. by teachers on full-time basis

184.

Who introduced the technique of using the drawing of a man as a measure of intelligence? A. Binet B. Aristotle C. Goodenough D. Herbert

185.

With whose ideas is the development of contemporary curriculum program in elementary education PRIMARILY associated? A. Edward Thorndike B. Henry Barnard C. John Dewey D. Horace Mann Free and compulsory education as mandated in the 1987 constitution holds true for ___. A. Grade VI pupils C. education in the primary grades B. all children of school age D. elementary and secondary education

186.

B. Right to own property C. Right to work D. Right to life

187.

All learning is bond connecting. In which of the following is this principle NOT applicable? A. attitudes B. reflexes C. skills D. habits

188.

Section 5, Article XIV of the Constitution states that academic freedom shall be enjoyed in __________. A. all levels of learning C. public assemblies B. state colleges and universities D. all institutions of higher learning

189.

The primary objective of bilingual education is to prepare learners to be ________. A. globally competitive B. proficient in Filipino and in eight major dialects C. proficient in English and other foreign language D. proficient in both Filipino and English

190.

Which of the following is the best situation wherein you can balance rights and authority? A. Mrs. Luna insists going along with her husband during his once a wee “night-out”. B. Mrs. Luna gives her husband his once a week “night-out”. C. Mrs. Luna insists on having a weekly “night-out” with her friends. D. Mrs. Luna refuses her husband’s once a week “night-out”.

191.

Which of the following is the best situation wherein you can balance rights and authority? A. A wealthy couple divided the share of a convicted son’s inheritance among their other children. B. A wealthy couple reluctantly give the share of inheritance to their convicted son on he device of their lawyer. C. A wealthy couple gave to charity the share of inheritance of a convicted son. D. A wealthy couple refuses to give the share of a convicted son’s inheritance.

192.

What teacher relationship illustrates Director Guevarra’s refusal to use pressure on his teacher to a certain religious group? A. The Teacher and His Associate C. The Teacher and the Community B. The Teacher and His Superiors D. The Teacher and the State

193.

Which of the following is the best situation wherein you can balance responsibility and ability? A. A teacher tells below average pupil to tell his parents to get a tutor to teach him how to manipulate simple machine. B. A teacher patiently and diligently explains to a below average child how to manipulate a simple machine. C. A teacher allows a below average child to find out himself how to manipulate a simple machine. D. A teacher asks a brighter child to teach a below average pupil how to manipulate a simple machine.

194.

What provision in the Code of ethical Standards does sickly Miss Miranda violate when she goes to school even late and not feeling well?

Page 28 of 28 A. B. C. D.

Every teacher must sincerely believe in and endeavor to help carry out the declared policy of the state. Devotion to duty, honesty, and punctuality in the performance of one’s duty. Every teacher must be physically, mentally, and morally fit to teach. Teachers may vote and exercise their constitutional rights but may not use heir position to influence other people.

195.

Below are some motivational theories needed by teachers. Which of these, views the consequences of behavior as regulator and controller of an individual’s action? I. Behaviorism II. Humanism III. Cognitivism A. III only B. II only C. I only D. I and III only

196.

The system of apprenticeship or cadet training was patterned after what country’s philosophy of education? A. Rome B. Egypt C. Syria D. Greece

197.

Which of the following pleasures is morally good? A. Pleasure attained while buying expensive clothes at your favorite shopping mall. B. Pleasure attained while watching a favorite basketball team win. C. Pleasure attained while watching a comedy film or presentation. D. Pleasure attained while watching a new-born baby grow day by day.

198.

The influence of humanism is reflected in the establishment of ________. A. Non-formal classes C. Distance Education B. Secondary Schools D. Tertiary Schools

199.

What will you do if someone confided to you an anomaly which will implicate people close to you? A. Tell him to go to the authorities and report the matter. B. Tell him to call a radio broadcaster and air it. C. Encourage him to keep quiet so as not to harm your friends. D. Encourage the one who confided to you to seek the services of a lawyer.

200.

A teacher scolds a boy who dribbles the ball in the classroom and sends him to the gym to practice there. This teacher wants this boy to be aware that ______________. A. basketball is a game that has to be played outdoor B. there is a proper place for every activity C. there is a time when one’s interest overshadows discipline D. discipline is any part of a game and must be observed