SALIENT FEATURES OF EXISTING & PROPOSED DAMS IN PAKISTAN

MANGLA DAM Mangla Dam is the sixteenth largest dam in the world. It was constructed from 1961 to 1967 across the Jhelum River, about 67 miles (108 km) south-east of the Pakistani capital, Islamabad in Mirpur District of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. The main structures of the dam include 4 embankment dams, 2 spillways, 5 power-cum-irrigation tunnels and a 1,000 MW power station. The main dam is 10,300 feet (3,100 m) long and 454 feet (138 m) high (above core trench) with a reservoir of 97 square miles (250 km2). Since its first impounding in 1967, sedimentation has occurred to the extent of 1,130,000 acre feet (1.39 km3), and the present gross storage capacity has declined to 4,750,000 acre feet (5.86 km3) from the actual design of 5,880,000 acre feet (7.25 km3). The live capacity has declined to 4,580,000 acre feet (5.65 km3) from 5,340,000 acre feet (6.59 km3). This implies a reduction of 19.22% in the capacity of the dam. The power station of Mangla dam consists of 10 units each having capacity of 100 MW. In order to remedy the storage capacity decreases, the Pakistani government has decided to raise the dam by 40 feet (12 m), to 494 feet (151 m) high. This will increase the reservoir capacity by 18% and provide an additional 120 MW(644 GWh) of power, but will displace 40,000 people currently living near the reservoir. The project was designed primarily to increase the amount of water that could be used for irrigation from the flow of the Jhelum and its tributaries. Its secondary function was to generate electrical power from the irrigation releases at the artificial head of the reservoir. The project was not designed as a flood control structure, although some benefit in this respect also arises from its use for irrigation and water supply. The Government of Pakistan had agreed to pay royalties to the Government of AJK (Azad Jammu and Kashmir) for the use of the water and electricity generated by the dam. Over 280 villages and the towns of Mirpur and Dadyal were submerged and over 110,000 people were displaced from the area as a result of the dam being built. Some of those affected by the dam were given work permits for Britain by the Government of Pakistan, and as a result, in many cities in the UK the majority of the 'Pakistani' community actually originated from the Dadyal-Mirpur area of the disputed region of Jammu & Kashmir.

TARBELA DAM The project is located at a narrow spot in the Indus River valley, at Tarbela in swabi, shortly located at the point from where the District Swabi starts. Here the river formerly split around a large island close to the left bank. The main dam wall, built of earth and rock fill, stretches 2,743 metres (8,999 ft) from the island to river right, standing 148 metres (486 ft) high. A pair of concrete auxiliary dams spans the river from the island to river left. Thespillways, located on the auxiliary dams, in turn consist of two parts. The main spillway has a discharge capacity of 18,406 cubic metres per second (650,000 cu ft/s) and the auxiliary spillway, 24,070 cubic metres per second (850,000 cu ft/s). The outlet works are a group of four tunnels that have been cut through the valley wall at river right, for uses of hydropower generation and flow control. These tunnels were originally used to divert the Indus River while the dam was being constructed. A hydroelectric power plant on the right side of the main dam houses 14 generators fed with water from outlet tunnels 1, 2, and 3. There are four 175 MW generators on tunnel 1, six 175 MW generators on tunnel 2, and four 432 MW generators on tunnel 3, for a total generating capacity of 3,478 MW. Tarbela Reservoir is 80.5 kilometres (50.0 mi) long, with a surface area of 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi). The reservoir holds 11,600,000 acre feet (14.3 km3) of water, with a live storage of 9,700,000 acre feet (12.0 km3). The catchment area upriver of the Tarbela Dam is spread over 168,000 square kilometres (65,000 sq mi) of land largely supplemented by snow and glacier melt from the southern slopes of the Himalayas. There are two main Indus River tributaries upstream of the Tarbela Dam. These are the Shyok River, ing nearSkardu, and the Siran River near Tarbela. The Tarbela Dam is the second largest in of dam volume in the world

DIAMER BASHA DAM PROJECT The project is located on Indus River, about 315 km upstream of Tarbela Dam, 165 km downstream of the Gilgit-Baltistan capital Gilgit and 40 km downstream of Chilas (refer location map). The proposed dam would have a maximum height of 272 m, and impound a reservoir of about 8.1million acre feet (MAF), with live storage of more than 6.4 MAF. Mean annual discharge of Indus River at the site is 50 MAF. Thus the dam will impound 15% of the annual river flow. The dam project would cover an area of 110 km2 and extend 100 km upstream of the dam site upto Raikot Bridge on Karakoram Highway (KKH). The dam is located at the boundary of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) in such a way that the right abutment and the right Power House is in GB while the left bank of the dam and the left Power House is in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

NEED OF THE PROJECT: Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy. Pakistan today is among one of the World’s fastest growing population, now estimated as over 150 million. Due to lack of large river regulation capability through sizeable storages, the country is already facing serious shortages in food grains. Given the present trend, Pakistan could soon become one of the food deficit countries in the near future. Therefore, there is a dire need to build storages for augmenting agriculture production.

SALIENT FEATURES  LOCATION: 40 km downstream of chilas  MAINDAM maximum height : 272 m type roller : compacted concrete (rcc)  DIVERSION SYSTEM 2 no. Diversion tunnels 1 no. Diversion channelupstream and downstream cofferdams  Main Spillway No. Of gates 14 size of gate 11.5 *16.24 m Reservoir level 1160 m  GROSS CAPACITY 8.1 maf (10.0 bcm)  LIVE CAPACITY 6.4 maf (7.9 bcm)min.  Operation Level El. 1060 m  Outlets: low level 2 sluicing 5  POWERHOUSE(S): 2 total installed capacity 4500 mw

KURRAM TANGI DAM MULTIPURPOSE PROJECT LOCATION: The proposed project site is located across Kurram river in North Wazirstan Agency about 22 KM up-stream of Kurram Garhi Head works and 32 KM North of Bannu City in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This project was conceived by WAPDA for a multipurpose dam in North Waziristan on Kurram River about 22 km upstream of Kurram Garhi Head works and 32 KM North of Bannu City in NWFP with storage capacity of 1.20 MAF of water and power generation of 83.4 MW. It will irrigate 362,380 Acres of land and will provide cheep hydropower to the area being a positive impact on the socio economic conditions in North Waziristan Agency. USAID has shown willingness to fund this project.

SALIENT FEATURES:     

Dam Height 322 ft Gross Storage 1.20 MAF-1.48 BCM Live Storage 0.90 MAF-1.11 BCM Power Houses (5 Nos) 83.4 MW (350 GWh) Command Area 3,62,380 ACRES (including new area of 84,380 Acres)  Supplementing existing System of Civil & Marwat Canals 277,500 Acres

PROJECT BENEFITS:     

Irrigated Agriculture Development Hydropower generation Socio-economic uplift of the area. Employment opportunities during the construction and maintenance of the Project. Development of Fisheries.

PC-II COST : Rs.125.60 Million

APPROVING AUTHORITY: Approved by ECNEC on 25.02. 2005

PC-I COST: Rs. 59 Billion (Equivalent to US$ 700 Million)

MUNDA DAM Munda Dam is an under-construction medium-size multi-purpose concrete-faced rock-filled dam located on the Swat River approximately 37 km north of Peshawar and 5 km upstream of Munda Headworks in the Mohmand Agency of Pakistan's Federally istered Tribal Areas (FATA) Upon completion, the dam will generate 740 MW of hydroelectricity, irrigate 15,100 acres of land and control floods downstream. It is expected to provide numerous estimated annual benefits including Rs. 4.98 billion in annual water storage benefits, Rs. 19.6 billion in power generation benefits by generating 2.4 billion units of electricity annually and Rs. 79 million in annual flood mitigation benefits. Munda Dam is also expected to protect Nowshera and Charsadda districts from seasonal floods by storing peak flood water in its reservoir and releasing it in dry seasons.[6] In December 2010, in the aftermath of the July 2010 floods in Pakistan, the Pakistan Supreme Court had constituted a flood inquiry commission to investigate the damage caused by the July floods that engulfed the country and caused unprecedented damage to life and property. In its report, the commission noted that if the Munda Dam had been constructed, there would have been minimal damage downstream in Charsadda, Peshawar and Nowshera districts and Munda Headworks. The reservoir that will be created behind the dam would also provide recreational facilities and promote fisheries. The dam site is located at Latitude 34°21'11.49"N and Longitude 71°31'58.72"E.

SALIENT FEATURES: DAM:  Type: Concrete-Faced Rock-Filled  Length: 2,500 ft (760 m)  Height: 698.82 ft (213.00 m)

RESERVOIR CAPACITY:  Gross: 1.290 MAF  Live: 0.676 MAF  Dead: 0.314 MAF  Flood: 0.081 MAF

POWER GENERATION: Maximum Capacity: 740 MW

COMMAND AREA: Total: 15,100 Acres

CONSTRUCTION: Construction Period: 7 years

AKRA KAUR DAM Akra kaur dam, sometimes also referred to as ankara kaur dam, is located near gawadar in balochistan, pakistan. The dam was constructed in 1995 ]at a cost of 18.46€ million ] to supply water to gawadar and ading villages. It is the sole source of water supply to residents of thegwadar district area. The dam stretches over an area of 17,000 acres (6,900 ha; 27 sq mi).

Location

Coordinates

Gawadar, Balochistan

25°21′29″N 62°16′44″ECoordinates:

25°21′29″N 62°16′44″E Status

In use

Opening date

1995

In 2005, torrential rain in the area caused an overflow from the dam, inundating a number of Construction cost 18.46€ million villages and claiming at least 20 lives. [4] in july 2012, reports emerged that the dam had dried up Government of Balochistan Owner(s) completely due to large-scale siltation. This has posed serious water supply challenges to local residents, including acute shortage of drinking water.

MIRANI DAM Mirani Dam (Urdu: ‫ )م یران ی‬is a medium-size multi-purpose concrete-faced rock-filled dam located on the Dasht River south of the Central Makran Range in Kech District in Balochistan province of Pakistan. Its 302,000 acre feet (373,000,000 m3). reservoir is fed by the Kech River and the Nihing River. Mirani Dam was completed in July 2006 and it impounded the Dasht River in August 2006. It successfully withstood an extreme flood event in June 2007. The dam is used for irrigation of 33,200 acres in Kech Valley and for the supply of clean drinking water to Turbat and Gwada

STRUCTURE AND PURPOSE : Kech Valley consists of cultivable soil upon which agriculture activity could be carried out if a constant water supply is ensured. The primary purpose of Mirani Dam was to store water from the three rivers during the summer season and during floods so that water could be available for irrigation purposes throughout the year in order to bring 33,200 acres of hitherto uncultivated land in Kech Valley under cultivation. The secondary purpose of Mirani Dam is to ensure a constant supply of clean drinking water to the towns of Turbat and Gwadar throughout the year.

SATPARA DAM Satpara Dam is an under-construction medium-size multipurpose concrete-faced earth-filled dam located downstream of the existing Satpara Lakeon the Satpara Stream approximately 4 km from the town of Skardu in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Upon completion, the dam will enlarge the size of Satpara Lake, generate 17.36 MW of hydroelectricity and supply power to approximately 30,000 households in the Skardu Valley, irrigate 15,536 acres (62.87 km2) of land and supply 3.1 million gallons per day drinking water to Skardu city. Annual agricultural output in the Skardu Valley is expected to increase more than four-fold, generating about 4.61€ million in additional annual economic benefits to local communities. Construction of Satpara Dam commenced in April 2003 and is scheduled for completion in November 2011. Power House No. 1 was completed and came online on 6 October 2007 and Power House No. 2 was completed and came online on 30 December 2008. On 7 January 2011, the Government of Pakistan and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) entered into an Enhanced Partnership Agreement under which USAID agreed to provide 20€ million for the construction of Power Houses Nos. 3 and 4 and completion of remaining works on the dam.

KHANPUR DAM Khanpur Dam is a dam located on the Haro River near the town of Khanpur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, about 25 miles (40 km) fromIslamabad, Pakistan. It supplies drinking water to Islamabad and Rawalpindi and irrigation water to many of the agricultural and industrial areas surrounding the cities. The dam was completed in 1983 after a 15-year construction period believed to have cost Rs. 1,352 million. It is 167 feet (51 m) high and stores 110,000 acre feet (140,000,000 m3) of water.[1] The ading Khanpur Lake is the venue for Sarhad Tourism Corporation's annual airborne and waterborne sports gala. The event, termed as the 'biggest' in Pakistan was scheduled to take place between 9 and 11 April 2010.

WARSAK DAM Warsak Dam is a mass concrete gravity dam located on the Kabul River approximately 20 km northwest of the city of Peshawar in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Warsak Dam was completed under the Colombo Plan in two phases and financed by the Canadian Government. The first phase was completed in 1960 and consisted of the construction of the dam. Irrigation tunnels and installation of four power generating units, each of 40 MW capacity with 132 KV transmission system, were also completed in 1960. Two additional generating units of 41.48 MW capacity each were added in 1980-81 in the second phase.

CAPACITY : The total installed capacity of the warsak dam hydropower project is 243 mw. In june 2012, the pakistan water and power development authority (wapda) decided to add a 375 mw powerhouse to warsak, thereby inceasing warsak's total power generation capacity to 525 mw.

RASUL BARRAGE Rasul Barrage is a barrage on the River Jehlum in Mandi Bahauddin District of the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is situated 72 km downstream ofMangla Dam. Rasul Barrage is used to control water flow in the River Jhelum for irrigation and flood control purposes. Rasul Barrage was constructed in 1968 and has a discharge capacity of 24070 cubic meter per second[1]. Water is drived from this point to Chenab River at Qadirabad through Rasul-Qadirabad link canal, then ultimately transferred to Sulemanki Barrage on the Sutlej River. Rasul-Qadirabad link canal has the second largest water discharge capacity after Chashma-Jhelum link canal. It has 538-m³/s discharge capacity while Chashma-Jhelum link canal has 615-m³/s capacity.

MARALA HEADWORKS Marala Headworks is a headworks situated on the River Chenab near the city of Sialkot in Punjab province of Pakistan. Marala Headworks is a large hydro engineering project and is used to control water flow and flood control in the River Chenab. Chenab is a 1,086 km (675 mi) long river which originates in the Kulu and Kangra Districts of Himachal Pradesh in India and is fed by the tributaries Chandra and Bagha as it enters Jammu & Kashmir near Kishtwar. After cutting across the Pir Panjal range, it enters the Sialkot District in Pakistanwhere the Marala Barrage was built across the river in 1968 with a maximum discharge of 1.1 million ft³/s (31,000 m³/s). Two major water channels originate at the Marala headworks—the Marala-Ravi Link Canal and the Upper Chenab Canal. Proposals are under consideration to build Mangla Marala Link Canal to overcome any shortage of water in future. Head Marala is also a picnic spot, wildlife sanctuary and unprotected wetland. Many people come here and enjoy the landscape and natural beauty.

CHASHMA BARRAGE Chashma Barrage is a barrage on the RiverIndus in Mianwali District of the Punjab province of Pakistan. It was built in 1971. Chashma Barrage is used for irrigation and flood control. A Ramsar site is located nearby. Length between abutments

3556 ft.

Total Bays

52 Nos.

Standard Bays

41 Nos.

Undersluce Bays

11 Nos.

Normal Pond Level

642 ft.

Maximum Storage Level

649 ft.

Maximum Flood Discharge

950000 Cs.

Maximum Intensity of Discharge

300Cs. Per ft.

Width of Carriage Way

24 ft.

Length of Navigation Lock

155 ft.

Width of Navigation Lock

30 ft.

Area of Reservoir

139 Sqm.

Initial Capacity

0.87 MAF

Contract Price

Rs.399 Million

Date Commencement

10th February, 1967

Date of Completion

25th March, 1971

Contractor

Societe Dumes Enterprises Borie

Consulting Engineer Updated as on

COODE & Partner London 23 June 2011

SIMLY DAM Simly Dam is an 80m high earthen embankment dam on the Soan River, 30 km east of Islamabad and Rawalpindi.[1] It is the largest reservoir of drinking water to people living in Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. The water stored in this dam is fed by the melting snow & natural springs of Murree hills. Simly Dam is located around 30-kilometer (19 mi) east of Islamabad. About 10 to 15 minutes drive from Convention Center Islamabad towards Murree,a road is branching off to the right which is marked Simly Dam Road. Usually, it takes around 30 minutes to reach Simly Dam from this road. The road is not very smooth and has bumps but thesurroundings are beautiful (till April 2008).

LAWI HYDROPOWER PROJECT LOCATION: The project area is located on the right bank of Shishi River, a left tributary of Chitral River.The project involves diversion of Shishi River into Chitral River. The Project is about 350 km fromIslamabad.

SALIENT FEATURES Installed capacity (mw) : 70 Gross head (m) : 413 Design discharge( m3/sec) : 20 Mean annual energy (mil. Kwh) : 303 No. & type of turbine : 3 (pelton) Estimated project cost (milus$) : 120 implementation period (years) : 4

KALA BAGH DAM The Kalabagh dam is a proposed hydroelectric dam on the Indus River at Kalabagh in Mianwali District of the Punjab province in Pakistan. The project has been highly debated and deemed a necessity since its inception. The actual purpose of the Kalabagh Dam is to irrigate the nearly two million acres that belong to retired army generals, said Sindh Minister for Culture Sassui Palijo while defending the province’s stance on the controversial dam

SALIENT FEATURES: THE MAIN RESERVOIR OF THE DAM Total Storage 7.9 MAF (9,750 million cu m) Usable Storage6.1 MAF (7,550 million cu m) Dead Storage1.8 MAF( 2,200 million cu m) Retention Level El.915-ft above MSL (278.9 m)Min Reservoir Level El.825ft above MSL (251.5 m) Area at Retention Level 105,000 acres ; (164 sq.m=425 sq. km) MAIN DAM Crest Elevation 940-ft above MSL (286.5 m) Crest WidthEl. 50 ft (15.2 m) Max Height 260 ft (79.2) LengthLength (overall)4375 ft11000 ft 3350 m CATCHMENT AREA OF THE DAM 110,500 sq. miles PROJECT COST Based on Cost at June 1987 US $ 2.65 billion Present Estimated Cost 6.17€-10 billion ORIFICE SPILLWAY Sill leve 785 ft (239.3m) SPD10 lNo and size of radial gates No. 38 ft (11.6 m) w x 22 ft IRRIGATION BENEFITS Increase in future annual irrigation supplies(Average) 4.5 MAF (5.500 million Cum